1330:– a condition linked to many caused mainly by prolonged pressing of the foetus against the pelvis or other causes such as rape, hysterectomy, or other operations – and also having been doctor to many European royals and the 20th President of the United States James A. Garfield after he had been shot. Sims does have a controversial medical past. Under the beliefs at the time about pain and the prejudice towards African people, he had practiced his surgical skills and developed skills on slaves. These women were the first patients of modern gynecology. One of the women he operated on was named
1108:
256:
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275:
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426:(pregnancy hormone level itself). It gives an accurate risk profile very early. A second blood screen at 15 to 20 weeks refines the risk more accurately. The cost is higher than an "AFP-quad" screen due to the ultrasound and second blood test, but it is quoted to have a 93% pick up rate as opposed to 88% for the standard AFP/QS. This is an evolving standard of care in the United States.
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43:
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the medical community. The 19th century marked an era of medical reform in Europe and increased regulation over the profession. Major
European institutions such as The College of Physicians and Surgeons considered delivering babies ungentlemanly work and refused to have anything to do with childbirth as a whole. Even when
1355:
had some relevance to some conditions as menopause, uterine and cervical problems, and childbirth could leave the mother in need of extensive surgery to repair tissue. But, there was also a large blame of the uterus for completely unrelated conditions. This led to many social consequences of the nineteenth century.
786:, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. Most women develop nausea and vomiting during the first trimester. The cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known. However, it is believed to be caused by a rapidly rising blood level of a hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which is released by the placenta.
1354:
Men were introduced into the field of obstetrics in the nineteenth century and resulted in a change of the focus of this profession. Gynaecology directly resulted as a new and separate field of study from obstetrics and focused on the curing of illness and indispositions of female sexual organs. This
1350:
During the birth of a child, men were rarely present. Women from the neighbourhood or family would join in on the process of birth and assist in many different ways. The one position where men would help with the birth of a child would be in the sitting position, usually when performed on the side of
1302:
in 1825. By the mid-century the surgery was both successfully and unsuccessfully being performed. Pennsylvanian surgeons the Attlee brothers made this procedure very routine for a total of 465 surgeries – John Attlee performed 64 successfully of 78 while his brother
William reported 387 – between the
1232:
By the late 19th century, the foundation of modern-day obstetrics and midwifery began developing. Delivery of babies by doctors became popular and readily accepted, but midwives continued to play a role in childbirth. Midwifery also changed during this era due to increased regulation and the eventual
1220:
18th-century physicians expected that obstetrics would continue to grow, but the opposite happened. Obstetrics entered a stage of stagnation in the 19th century, which lasted until about the 1880s. The central explanation for the lack of advancement during this time was the rejection of obstetrics by
754:
can, if uncorrected, cause adverse effects on foetal and maternal well-being. The deleterious effects of thyroid dysfunction can also extend beyond pregnancy and delivery to affect neurointellectual development in the early life of the child. Demand for thyroid hormones is increased during pregnancy,
1236:
As midwifery began to develop, so did the profession of obstetrics near the end of the century. Childbirth was no longer unjustifiably despised by the medical community as it once had been at the beginning of the century. But obstetrics was underdeveloped compared to other medical specialities. Many
1297:
Ephraim McDowell developed a surgical practice in 1795 and performed the first ovariotomy in 1809 on a 47-year-old widow who then lived on for 31 more years. He had attempted to share this with John Bell whom he had practiced under who had retired to Italy. Bell was said to have died without seeing
1207:
were establishments where women would come to have their babies delivered, as opposed to the practice since time immemorial of the midwife attending the home of the woman in labour. This institution provided male-midwives with endless patients to practice their techniques on and was a way for these
1138:
managed all aspects of the labour and delivery. The presence of physicians and surgeons was very rare and only occurred if a serious complication had taken place and the midwife had exhausted all measures at her disposal. Calling a surgeon was very much a last resort and having men deliver women in
1277:
The development of obstetrics as a practice for accredited doctors happened at the turn of the 18th century and thus was very differently developed in Europe and in the
Americas due to the independence of many countries in the Americas from European powers. "Unlike in Europe and the British Isles,
1211:
Many midwives of the time bitterly opposed the involvement of men in childbirth. Some male practitioners also opposed the involvement of medical men like themselves in midwifery and even went as far as to say that male-midwives only undertook midwifery solely for perverse erotic satisfaction. The
1342:
Women and men inhabited very different roles in natal care up to the 18th century. The role of a physician was exclusively held by men who went to university, an overly male institution, who would theorize anatomy and the process of reproduction based on theological teaching and philosophy. Many
1264:
solution before a delivery reduced childbed fever fatalities by 90%. So it was concluded that it was physicians who had been spreading disease from one labouring mother to the next. Despite the publication of this information, doctors still would not wash. It was not until the 20th century when
792:
is a condition that causes high blood pressure during pregnancy. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening. In pregnant women, preeclampsia may occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy, often in women who have no history of high blood pressure. Symptoms of preeclampsia may include severe headache,
1285:
Gynaecology and
Obstetrics gained attention in the American medical field at the end of the nineteenth century through the development of such procedures as the ovariotomy. These procedures then were shared with European surgeons who replicated the surgeries. This was a period when antiseptic,
1194:
The addition of the male-midwife (or man-midwife) is historically a significant change to the profession of obstetrics. In the 18th century medical men began to train in area of childbirth and believed with their advanced knowledge in anatomy that childbirth could be improved. In France these
430:
543:
and first trimester bleeding, the most accurate dating being in first trimester before the growth of the foetus has been significantly influenced by other factors. Ultrasound is also used for detecting congenital anomalies (or other foetal anomalies) and determining the
937:
is a disease defined by a combination of signs and symptoms that are related to maternal hypertension. The cause is unknown, and markers are being sought to predict its development from the earliest stages of pregnancy. Some unknown factors cause vascular damage in the
1021:
is an ascending infection of the genital tract. It may happen during or after labour. Signs to look out for include signs of infection (pyrexia or hypothermia, raised heart rate and respiratory rate, reduced blood pressure), and abdominal pain, offensive
1286:
aseptic or anaesthetic measures were just being introduced to surgical and observational procedures and without these procedures surgeries were dangerous and often fatal. Following are two surgeons noted for their contributions to these fields include
1343:
beliefs about the female body and menstruation in the 17th and 18th centuries were inaccurate; clearly resulting from the lack of literature about the practice. Many of the theories of what caused menstruation prevailed from
Hippocratic philosophy.
1187:, based on better knowledge of the physiology of pregnancy and labour. By the end of the century, medical professionals began to understand the anatomy of the uterus and the physiological changes that take place during labour. The introduction of
581:
The safety of frequent ultrasound scanning has not been confirmed. Despite this, increasing numbers of women are choosing to have additional scans for no medical purpose, such as gender scans, 3D and 4D scans. A normal gestation would reveal a
6047:
1175:– and birth complications. After his death, techniques and works of gynecology declined; very little of his works were recorded and survived to the late 18th century when gynecology and obstetrics reemerged as a medical specialism.
1233:
need for midwives to become certified. Many
European countries by the late 19th century were monitoring the training of midwives and issued certification based on competency. Midwives were no longer uneducated in the formal sense.
499:
Most doctors do a sugar load in a drink form of 50 grams of glucose in cola, lime or orange and draw blood an hour later (plus or minus 5 minutes). The standard modified criteria have been lowered to 135 since the late 1980s.
1064:
may leave the hospital as soon as she is medically stable, and chooses to leave, which can be as early as a few hours later, but usually averages a stay of one or two days; the average postnatal stay following delivery by
4778:
Sieber WK (September 1970). "Total prosthetic transplantation of the inferior vena cava, with venous drainage restoration of the one remaining kidney on the graft, successfully performed on a child with Wilms' tumor".
996:
can only happen after the membranes have ruptured. The umbilical cord delivers before the presenting part of the foetus. If the foetus is not delivered within minutes, or the pressure taken off the cord, the foetus
414:, done typically in the second trimester at 16–18 weeks. The newer integrated screen (formerly called F.A.S.T.E.R for First And Second Trimester Early Results) can be done at 10 plus weeks to 13 plus weeks with an
1237:
male physicians would deliver children but very few would have referred to themselves as obstetricians. The end of the 19th century did mark a significant accomplishment in the profession with the advancements in
1260:
noticed that women giving birth at home had a much lower incidence of childbed fever than those giving birth by physicians in lying-hospitals. His investigation discovered that washing hands with an
2947:
Adeniji OA, Oladokun A, Olayemi O, Adeniji OI, Odukogbe AA, Ogunbode O, et al. (February 2005). "Pre-induction cervical ripening: transcervical foley catheter versus intravaginal misoprostol".
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was entirely ignored. This made it nearly impossible to pursue an education in midwifery and also have the recognition of being a doctor or surgeon. Obstetrics was pushed to the side.
484:
screen. If positive, the woman receives IV penicillin or ampicillin while in labor—or, if she is allergic to penicillin, an alternative therapy, such as IV clindamycin or IV vancomycin.
1212:
accoucheurs argued that their involvement in midwifery was to improve the process of childbirth. These men also believed that obstetrics would forge ahead and continue to strengthen.
8682:
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also took place at this time. All these medical advances in obstetrics were a lever for the introduction of men into an arena previously managed and run by women – midwifery.
8029:
1169:
gynecology. Living in the late first century AD and early second century, he studied anatomy and had opinions and techniques on abortion, contraception – most notably
4595:"Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis use and infection prevalence in non-cosmetic breast surgery procedures at a tertiary hospital in Western Australia-a retrospective study"
4860:
O'Malley-Keighran MP, Lohan G (December 2016). "Encourages and guides, or diagnoses and monitors: Woman centred-ness in the discourse of professional midwifery bodies".
1474:
Cantor, Amy G.; Jungbauer, Rebecca M.; Totten, Annette M.; Tilden, Ellen L.; Holmes, Rebecca; Ahmed, Azrah; Wagner, Jesse; Hermesch, Amy C.; McDonagh, Marian S. (2022).
1252:
Before the 1880s mortality rates in lying-hospitals would reach unacceptably high levels and became an area of public concern. Much of these maternal deaths were due to
822:, foetal distress, placental malfunction, intrauterine growth retardation and failure to progress through labour increasing the risk of infection and foetal distresses.
61:
3547:"Determinants of puerperal sepsis among post partum women at public hospitals in west SHOA zone Oromia regional STATE, Ethiopia (institution BASEDCASE control study)"
984:
where one of the foetus' shoulders becomes stuck during vaginal birth. There are many risk factors, including macrosmic (large) foetus, but many are also unexplained.
2540:
876:
Monitor the progress of labour, by reviewing the nursing chart, performing vaginal examination, and assessing the trace produced by a foetal monitoring device (the
2856:
2780:
730:) and pregnancy. Risks for the child include miscarriage, growth restriction, growth acceleration, foetal obesity (macrosomia), polyhydramnios and birth defects.
7635:
465:
Amniocentesis is the national standard for women over 35 or who reach 35 by mid pregnancy or who are at increased risk by family history or prior birth history.
931:
is when an embryo implants in the uterine (fallopian) tube or (rarely) on the ovary or inside the peritoneal cavity. This may cause massive internal bleeding.
2904:
Ho PC, Ngai SW, Liu KL, Wong GC, Lee SW (November 1997). "Vaginal misoprostol compared with oral misoprostol in termination of second-trimester pregnancy".
8598:
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1347:, meaning "with woman", were those who assisted in the birth and care of both born and unborn children, a position historically held mainly by women.
176:
170:
2832:
Prenatal and postnatal evaluation of foetal renal hyperechogenicity in pregnancies complicated with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation
8525:
6162:
3925:
A History of Women's
Menstruation from Ancient Greece to the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Social, Medical, Religious, and Educational Issues
3467:
Sims ME (2014-01-01). "Legal Briefs: Iatrogenesis: Prolapsed
Umbilical Cord After Artificial Rupture of the Membranes and Unskilled Stabilization".
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249:. This includes routine office visits with physical exams and routine lab tests along with telehealth care for people with low-risk pregnancies:
1130:, and rigorously excluded men. The expectant mother would invite close female friends and family members to her home to keep her company during
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years of 1843 and 1883. By the middle of the nineteenth century this procedure was successfully performed in Europe by
English surgeons Sir
8555:
7305:
6765:
3368:
670:
2334:"Prenatal Diagnosis for Congenital Malformations and Genetic Disorders: Practice Essentials, Noninvasive Techniques, Invasive Techniques"
776:. However, when combined with an additional underlying hypercoagulable states, the risk of thrombosis or embolism may become substantial.
8398:
7904:
7072:
6057:
3233:
Seppa N (2011-01-20). "Body & brain: Uncontrolled epilepsy can be fatal: Study finds more deaths in adults whose seizures persist".
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was well established but obstetrics was not recognized as a specific medical specialty. However, the subject matter and interest in the
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4054:"Initiation of traditional birth attendants and their traditional and spiritual practices during pregnancy and childbirth in Ghana"
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vision changes and pain under the ribs. However, in some women, symptoms may not occur, until they go for a routine prenatal visit.
459:) – elevations, low numbers or odd patterns correlate with neural tube defect risk and increased risks of trisomy 18 or trisomy 21
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8229:
8214:
7909:
7609:
7134:
5395:
4919:
Bäcklund I (2006). "Modifiers describing women and men in nineteenth-century
English". In Kytö M, Rydén M, Smitterberg E (eds.).
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of the fetal neck (thicker nuchal skin correlates with higher risk of Down syndrome being present) and two chemicals (analytes),
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548:(BPP), which are generally easier to detect in the second trimester when the foetal structures are larger and more developed.
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7019:
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601:
can be assessed by evaluating the mean gestational sac diameter (MGD) before week 6, and the crown-rump length after week 6.
164:
1961:
2756:
2503:"Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Gestational Diabetes, Maternal-Fetal Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy"
2351:
2235:"'Ultrasound is an invaluable third eye, but it can't see everything': a qualitative study with obstetricians in Australia"
1850:"Cost-effectiveness of prenatal screening and diagnostic strategies for Down syndrome: A microsimulation modeling analysis"
7750:
7657:
7159:
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gravidarum in pregnancy occurs due to extreme, persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. If untreated, can lead to
4653:"J. Marion Sims, MD: Why He and His Accomplishments Need to Continue to be Recognized a Commentary and Historical Review"
669:
the fetus is producing. Reduced production of surfactant indicates decreased lung maturity and is a high risk factor for
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7755:
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5344:
3794:"Challenges experienced by midwives working in rural communities in the Upper East Region of Ghana: a qualitative study"
3418:"Maternal and fetal outcomes of uterine rupture and factors associated with maternal death secondary to uterine rupture"
2034:
2010:
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is where the placenta detaches from the uterus and the woman and foetus can bleed to death if not managed appropriately.
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advancements in aseptic technique and the understanding of disease would play a significant role in the decrease of
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Adaikan G (January 2020). "Female sexual dysfunction". In Arulkumaran S, Ledger W, Denny L, Doumouchtsis S (eds.).
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Induction is a method of artificially or prematurely stimulating labour in a woman. Reasons to induce can include
570:(MRI) on the foetus have been demonstrated, but this technique is too expensive for routine observation. Instead,
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962:(DIC). The only treatment is to deliver the foetus. Women may still develop pre-eclampsia following delivery.
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Midwives voices, midwives realities. Findings from a global consultation on providing quality midwifery care
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is the imaging method of choice in the first trimester and throughout the pregnancy, because it emits no
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The result of an ultrasonography: a black and white image that shows a clear view of the interior abdomen
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4176:"Reasons for home delivery and use of traditional birth attendants in rural Zambia: a qualitative study"
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Giuliano P (May 2018). "Gender: A Historical Perspective". In Averett SL, Argys LM, Hoffman SD (eds.).
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Fetal screening is used to help assess the viability of the fetus, as well as congenital abnormalities.
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2522:"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
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Malone FD, Canick JA, Ball RH, Nyberg DA, Comstock CH, Bukowski R, et al. (November 2005).
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410:(trisomy 18), the national standard in the United States, is rapidly evolving away from the AFP-
2881:"Prostin E2 Vaginal: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD"
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hospitals also contributed to the medicalization and male-dominance of obstetrics. These early
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909:, if there is an associated risk with vaginal delivery, as such foetal or maternal compromise.
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3016:"Oxytocin 10 IU/ml Solution for infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)"
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769:(pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability), as a physiologically adaptive mechanism to prevent
495:(GTT) is administered; a fasting glucose > 105 mg/dL suggests gestational diabetes.
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Rutkow IM (August 1999). "Ephraim McDowell and the world's first successful ovariotomy".
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4529:
4225:
Martell LK (2000). "The hospital and the postpartum experience: a historical analysis".
3695:"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: a scoping review"
2419:
Jobe AH (January 1984). "Fetal lung maturation and the respiratory distress syndrome.".
2284:
Weissleder R, Harisinghani MG, Wittenberg J, Chen JW, eds. (2011). "Obstetric Imaging".
1865:
429:
7930:
7845:
7551:
7499:
7197:
6861:
6815:
6628:
6558:
6377:
6039:
5866:
5842:
5786:
5664:
5659:
5649:
5637:
5515:
5299:
5170:
5116:
4621:
4594:
4404:
4379:
4288:
4261:
4238:
4202:
4175:
4080:
4053:
3820:
3793:
3721:
3694:
3646:
3619:
3573:
3546:
3444:
3417:
3296:
3269:
3048:
3015:
2806:
2582:
2565:
2428:
2319:"Early Pregnancy Loss (Embryonic Demise) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Ultrasonography"
2293:
2261:
2234:
2177:
2152:
2086:
1986:
1884:
1849:
1825:
1800:
1710:
1683:
1450:
1291:
1116:
993:
955:
856:
745:
684:
659:
5037:
4792:
4756:
4479:
4324:
3866:
2917:
462:
Ultrasound either abdominal or transvaginal to assess cervix, placenta, fluid and baby
8818:
8637:
8352:
8171:
8139:
8134:
8102:
7940:
7830:
7619:
7594:
7346:
7187:
7101:
6944:
6733:
6728:
6590:
6530:
6433:
6077:
5991:
5952:
5928:
5837:
5721:
5654:
5525:
5429:
5390:
5247:
5082:
4134:
3792:
Adatara P, Amooba PA, Afaya A, Salia SM, Avane MA, Kuug A, et al. (April 2021).
2640:
1515:
1008:
934:
884:
840:
819:
789:
678:
628:
531:
is routinely used for dating the gestational age of a pregnancy from the size of the
403:
261:
4686:
3066:
2976:
2933:
2732:
8660:
8649:
8632:
7976:
7556:
7509:
7457:
7415:
7009:
6949:
6934:
6760:
6485:
6335:
6320:
6266:
5906:
5901:
5642:
5542:
5487:
5215:
5094:
5089:
4593:
Lavers A, Yip WS, Sunderland B, Parsons R, Mackenzie S, Seet J, Czarniak P (2018).
3208:
1475:
943:
610:
384:
380:
4635:
Table 2: Types of procedures and association with surgical site infections (SSI).
4035:
8007:
4928:
1874:
8792:
8757:
8467:
8426:
8393:
8161:
8154:
7966:
7561:
7519:
7437:
6808:
6753:
6650:
6505:
6480:
6298:
5896:
5832:
5669:
5612:
5552:
5547:
5385:
5334:
5195:
5005:
3596:
1476:"Telehealth Strategies for the Delivery of Maternal Health Care: A Rapid Review"
1242:
939:
850:
783:
639:
411:
364:
336:
6896:
4873:
4713:
4669:
4652:
4546:
Pregnancy & Birth: The History of Childbearing Choices in the United States
4017:
3972:
3810:
3711:
2623:
2606:
2201:
2168:
1598:
Fontenot HB, George ER (2014). "Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy".
1245:, which paved the way for the mainstream introduction and later success of the
8627:
8327:
8249:
7971:
7489:
7411:
7290:
7085:
6781:
6748:
6470:
6455:
6450:
6443:
6428:
6418:
6048:
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
5294:
5234:
4569:
4278:
4192:
4116:
4070:
3636:
3563:
3434:
2960:
2128:
2111:
1816:
1282:
laws were national, in America, midwifery laws were local and varied widely".
1261:
1131:
807:
762:
666:
591:
475:
415:
389:
328:
315:
225:
213:
4800:
4764:
4332:
3488:
3254:
2251:
1735:"First-trimester or second-trimester screening, or both, for Down's syndrome"
1499:
1225:
was introduced, which stated that medical students could qualify as doctors,
8703:
8416:
8304:
8144:
7081:
6969:
6711:
6706:
6570:
6548:
6423:
6387:
5684:
5557:
5417:
5407:
5242:
5220:
5147:
4429:
3867:"Some Obstetrical History: Dying to Have a Baby - the History of Childbirth"
3246:
1611:
1279:
1226:
1184:
1161:
and sexual practice can be traced back to Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.
1154:
947:
712:
627:
can be used for the screening of genetic diseases. This can be obtained via
624:
575:
563:
448:
374:
370:
209:
31:
30:
This article is about the medical specialty. For the health profession, see
17:
7050:
4881:
4721:
4678:
4639:-values were obtained from Fisher's Exact test, unless otherwise specified.
4630:
4487:
4445:
4413:
4395:
4297:
4246:
4211:
4089:
3982:
3829:
3730:
3655:
3582:
3453:
3305:
2968:
2660:
Platelets in haematologic and cardiovascular disorders: a clinical handbook
2632:
2591:
2270:
2213:
2186:
2137:
1893:
1834:
1760:
1719:
1700:
1619:
1507:
3286:
3107:
3098:
3081:
2925:
1581:"Hepatitis B Test: Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels"
1326:
J. Marion Sims was the surgeon responsible for being the first treating a
8388:
8332:
8189:
8149:
7850:
7566:
6475:
6252:
6067:
5884:
5798:
5776:
5696:
5597:
5505:
5412:
5339:
5257:
5077:
3480:
1751:
1734:
1344:
1200:
1135:
1112:
1073:
1061:
990:
can occur during obstructed labour and endanger foetal and maternal life.
951:
865:
674:
606:
587:
536:
349:
193:
135:
3618:
Jones E, Taylor B, MacArthur C, Pritchett R, Cummins C (February 2016).
2060:"Basic Obstetric Ultrasound: Background, Indications, Contraindications"
1441:
Tulchinsky TH, Varavikova EA (March 2014). "Chapter 6 - Family Health".
516:
7373:
6954:
6414:
6382:
6275:
5986:
5957:
5933:
5915:
5711:
5691:
4611:
1238:
888:
832:
654:(PUBS), which is done by placing a needle through the abdomen into the
452:
354:
139:
4262:"Male involvement in maternal health: perspectives of opinion leaders"
4047:
4045:
2840:
2607:"Venous Thromboembolism Associated With Pregnancy: JACC Focus Seminar"
8194:
7879:
7341:
7336:
5824:
5706:
5530:
5452:
5111:
5106:
5101:
4544:
3787:
3785:
3693:
Kotlar B, Gerson E, Petrillo S, Langer A, Tiemeier H (January 2021).
1491:
1085:
1023:
975:
655:
643:
197:
2233:
Edvardsson K, Small R, Persson M, Lalos A, Mogren I (October 2014).
3528:"Postpartum Hemorrhage: Practice Essentials, Problem, Epidemiology"
3039:
Prior T, Lees C (2019). "Control and Monitoring of Fetal Growth.".
1183:
The 18th century marked the beginning of many advances in European
1126:
Prior to the 18th century, caring for pregnant women in Europe was
443:
MSAFP/quad. screen (four simultaneous blood tests) (maternal serum
7945:
7925:
7589:
7358:
5121:
5072:
4518:"The Childbed Fever Mystery and the Meaning of Medical Journalism"
3393:"Shoulder Dystocia: Signs, Causes, Prevention & Complications"
2857:"Prelabor Rupture of the Membranes (PROM) - Women's Health Issues"
1106:
1077:
681:
ratio greater than 1.5 is associated with increased lung maturity.
551:
532:
515:
502:
428:
360:
3545:
Demisse GA, Sifer SD, Kedir B, Fekene DB, Bulto GA (March 2019).
872:
During labour, the obstetrician carries out the following tasks:
711:, that may become worse or become a risk to the pregnancy, or to
558:(CT) are not used, especially in the first trimester, due to the
5791:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1049:
when it concerns the care of the mother after giving birth, and
755:
and may cause a previously unnoticed thyroid disorder to worsen.
8664:
8011:
7054:
6225:
5009:
4986:"Uterine Prolapse: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment"
4002:
Rhodes P (2004-09-23). "Leake, John (1729–1792), man-midwife".
5602:
4174:
Sialubanje C, Massar K, Hamer DH, Ruiter RA (September 2015).
3270:"The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A Review"
3166:"Preeclampsia: Practice Essentials, Overview, Pathophysiology"
2520:
Khurana R, Wolf RE (2021-10-16). Talavera F, Singh AK (eds.).
395:
36:
4260:
Aborigo RA, Reidpath DD, Oduro AR, Allotey P (January 2018).
3503:"Umbilical Cord Prolapse: Causes, Diagnosis & Management"
3344:"Placental Abruption: Symptoms, Causes & Effects On Baby"
3320:"Preeclampsia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & Prevention"
2478:"High-Risk Pregnancies: Symptoms, Doctors, Support, and More"
1396:"What Is an Obstetrician? What They Do & When To See One"
4560:
Baskett TF (29 March 2019). "Houstoun, Robert (1678–1734)".
3185:"Stages of Development of the Fetus - Women's Health Issues"
2541:"Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy - Gynecology and Obstetrics"
2423:(Second ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 317–351.
1026:(blood loss) increased lochia, clots, diarrhea and vomiting.
6221:
4111:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 553–566.
1579:
Mekaroonkamol P, Hashemi N (2021-04-03). Staros EB (ed.).
954:
occur, which can be fatal. Preeclamptic patients with the
4923:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 17–55.
2288:(5th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby. pp. 533–574.
6053:
Declaration on the elimination of violence against women
2566:"Thyroid hormone dysfunction during pregnancy: A review"
2110:
Shaw P, Duncan A, Vouyouka A, Ozsvath K (January 2011).
1635:"Tuberculosis (TB) Fact Sheets- Tuberculin Skin Testing"
4735:"Iceman Ötzi may have had tummy trouble when he died".
4227:
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing
1367:, who introduced antiseptic obstetrics to North America
57:
3946:
International Confederation of Midwives (2022-01-31).
2564:
Alemu A, Terefe B, Abebe M, Biadgo B (November 2016).
2375:
Gomella TL, Cunningham MD, Eyal FG, Tuttle DJ (2013).
1987:"Anemia in Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment"
1659:"Urinalysis: What It Is, Purpose, Types & Results"
1199:, a title later used all over Europe. The founding of
3123:"Cesarean Delivery: Overview, Preparation, Technique"
2058:
Kansky C, Ramus RM (2021-06-15). Pierce Jr JG (ed.).
1298:
the document but it was published by an associate in
27:
Medical specialty concerning pregnancy and childbirth
4818:"Dr. J Marion Sims: The Father of Modern Gynecology"
1801:"Prenatal Diagnosis: Screening and Diagnostic Tools"
1445:(Third ed.). Academic Press. pp. 311–379.
245:
Prenatal care is important in screening for various
8750:
8702:
8607:
8576:
8503:
8455:
8407:
8371:
8303:
8263:
8213:
8170:
8121:
8095:
8045:
7989:
7954:
7918:
7872:
7863:
7823:
7618:
7575:
7544:
7537:
7404:
7329:
7298:
7289:
7223:
7180:
7125:
7092:
6912:
6850:
6611:
6539:
6494:
6403:
6274:
6259:
6132:
6076:
6038:
6029:
5978:
5823:
5812:
5743:
5734:
5586:
5577:
5486:
5428:
5374:
5233:
5146:
5135:
5061:
5048:
3268:Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U (February 2009).
185:
150:
145:
129:
117:
102:
97:
52:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
3971:Gasner A, Aatsha PA (2022). "Physiology, Uterus".
2997:. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine
2684:"Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Symptoms & Treatment"
2605:Nichols KM, Henkin S, Creager MA (November 2020).
1805:Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
1060:A woman in the Western world who gives birth in a
978:is getting compromised in the uterine environment.
3852:Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine
2570:International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine
2381:(7 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education
1420:"Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialty Description"
1165:sometimes is called the most important figure in
4354:. Switzerland: World Health Organization. 1991.
4315:. Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 3602.
3416:Astatikie G, Limenih MA, Kebede M (April 2017).
3209:"Hypertension: Causes, symptoms, and treatments"
1057:is provided to the mother following childbirth.
765:(blood clots). Pregnancy itself is a factor of
665:Fetal lung maturity is associated with how much
578:, is portable, and allows for realtime imaging.
4562:Eponyms and Names in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
3977:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
3597:"WHO Technical Consultation on Postpartum Care"
2208:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
2077:DeFrancesco V (January 2004). "Perinatology.".
1139:this era was seen as offending female modesty.
825:Induction may be achieved via several methods:
761:is the propensity of pregnant women to develop
4107:. In Kassell L, Hopwood N, Flemming R (eds.).
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
2153:"Attitude towards MRI safety during pregnancy"
1015:or placental fragments, or bleeding disorders.
478:(if low, the mother receives iron supplements)
8676:
8023:
7066:
6237:
5021:
4956:. Oxford University Press. pp. 743–752.
4954:Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
2662:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2611:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1848:Zhang W, Mohammadi T, Sou J, Anis AH (2019).
1256:, then known as childbed fever. In the 1800s
1072:During this time the mother is monitored for
264:of 3-inch (76 mm) fetus (about 14 weeks
8:
4896:"Situation of women and children in Nigeria"
4837:The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy
4380:"The start of life: a history of obstetrics"
4012:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2151:Alorainy IA, Albadr FB, Abujamea AH (2006).
1334:, the woman he first treated for a fistula.
92:
8599:Timeline of reproductive rights legislation
8584:Birth control movement in the United States
4657:Journal of the National Medical Association
4564:. Cambridge University Press. p. 194.
4468:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Canada
3918:
3916:
1962:"Prenatal Ultrasound Procedure Information"
1053:when the care of the newborn is concerned.
8683:
8669:
8661:
8437:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
8030:
8016:
8008:
7869:
7541:
7295:
7073:
7059:
7051:
6526:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
6271:
6244:
6230:
6222:
6104:International Center for Research on Women
6035:
5820:
5740:
5583:
5143:
5058:
5028:
5014:
5006:
2652:
2650:
1639:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1003:may be due to a number of factors such as
736:confers an increased rate of foetal death
6867:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
4844:
4668:
4620:
4610:
4403:
4287:
4277:
4201:
4191:
4079:
4069:
3819:
3809:
3720:
3710:
3645:
3635:
3572:
3562:
3443:
3433:
3295:
3285:
3141:"Ectopic pregnancy - Symptoms and causes"
3097:
2839:
2622:
2581:
2501:Moore T (2022-04-06). Griffing GT (ed.).
2352:"Chorionic villus sampling - Mayo Clinic"
2260:
2250:
2176:
2127:
1883:
1873:
1824:
1750:
1709:
1699:
616:Other tools used for assessment include:
487:Glucose loading test (GLT) – screens for
177:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
171:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
64:, without removing the technical details.
4373:
4371:
3753:. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
3744:
3742:
3740:
3369:"Fetal Distress - Women's Health Issues"
3082:"Pain management in paediatric patients"
2708:"Morning sickness - Symptoms and causes"
2317:Khan AN, Sabih D, Sabih A (2021-04-26).
2200:Herbst MK, Tafti D, Shanahan MM (2022).
2118:. Radiation Safety in Vascular Surgery.
4812:
4810:
4009:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4004:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2332:Marino T (2021-06-14). Ramus RM (ed.).
1387:
1045:makes a distinction between the use of
849:Intravaginal or oral administration of
251:
4430:"[The evolution of midwifery]"
4156:
4146:
3874:University of Manitoba: Women's Health
2834:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Szeged.
2401:
2391:
2035:"Glucose tolerance test - Mayo Clinic"
2011:"Glucose challenge test - Mayo Clinic"
1153:Prior to the 18th and 19th centuries,
960:disseminated intravascular coagulation
535:, determine the number of fetuses and
208:is the field of study concentrated on
91:
4846:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190628963.013.29
4428:Rabinerson D, Horowitz E (May 2007).
3909:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
3764:Healthdirect Australia (2021-05-23).
2949:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
2805:Healthdirect Australia (2022-02-08).
652:percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
566:effects on the foetus. No effects of
420:pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
232:(OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.
62:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
7005:
6766:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
6192:
6086:Office of Research on Women's Health
4461:"Caesarean section-past and present"
2757:"Preeclampsia - Symptoms and causes"
2081:. Academic Press. pp. 410–416.
1208:men to demonstrate their knowledge.
1119:in the 16th century, from a work by
671:infant respiratory distress syndrome
7905:Psychiatric disorders of childbirth
7015:
6204:
6124:Society for Women's Health Research
6058:International Day of the Girl Child
4311:"The Midwives' Registration Bill".
1739:The New England Journal of Medicine
1682:Cereda A, Carey JC (October 2012).
6902:Medical Scientist Training Program
6168:Birth control in the United States
4962:10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0060
4239:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02757.x
4052:Aziato L, Omenyo CN (March 2018).
3164:Lim KH, Steinberg G (2022-04-13).
3049:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.65414-4
3041:Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases
2781:"4 Common Pregnancy Complications"
2429:10.1016/B978-0-407-00366-8.50016-2
2294:10.1016/B978-0-323-06538-2.00010-X
2112:"Radiation exposure and pregnancy"
1451:10.1016/B978-0-12-415766-8.00006-9
1195:male-midwives were referred to as
864:Intravenous infusion of synthetic
323:antenatal patients should receive
25:
8293:self-report sexual risk behaviors
6063:Commission on the Status of Women
5073:External female genitalia (vulva)
4822:International Wellness Foundation
3854:. London and New York: Routledge.
3850:Bynum WF, Porter R, eds. (1993).
3670:"Types of Delivery for Pregnancy"
3599:. World Health Organization. 2010
1799:Carlson LM, Vora NL (June 2017).
1688:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
1115:assisting a woman in labour on a
829:Disturbance of cervical membranes
814:Pain management during childbirth
703:Pre-existing disease in pregnancy
8363:Precocious puberty and pregnancy
7910:Postpartum physiological changes
7610:Postpartum physiological changes
7135:Assisted reproductive technology
7034:
7024:
7014:
7004:
6995:
6994:
6203:
6191:
6180:
6179:
5396:Assisted reproductive technology
5036:
3080:Lloyd-Thomas AR (January 1990).
2995:MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
2991:"Premature rupture of membranes"
2087:10.1016/B978-012226570-9/50102-2
1273:History of obstetrics in America
861:Rupturing the amniotic membranes
341:hemolytic disease of the newborn
306:of pregnancy generally include:
285:
273:
254:
41:
8483:Sexually transmitted infections
7962:Adaptation to extrauterine life
7035:
5362:Breastfeeding and mental health
3907:Encyclopedia of Medical History
2545:MSD Manual Professional Edition
1913:"Common Tests During Pregnancy"
1775:"Common Tests During Pregnancy"
1556:"Why Do I Need a Rubella Test?"
883:Provide pain relief, either by
759:Hypercoagulability in pregnancy
722:deals with the interactions of
720:Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy
8039:Sexual and reproductive health
7605:Maternal physiological changes
6892:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
6326:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
3086:British Journal of Anaesthesia
2731:Gaither K (13 December 2019).
2453:"Nonstress test - Mayo Clinic"
1422:. American Medical Association
1300:Extractions of Diseased Ovaria
1269:rates among many populations.
946:. If severe, it progresses to
924:The main emergencies include:
855:Cervical insertion of a 30-mL
605:is evaluated by the number of
228:under the discipline known as
224:, obstetrics is combined with
165:Doctor of Osteopathic medicine
1:
7160:partner-assisted reproduction
6012:Social determinants of health
4793:10.1016/s0022-3468(70)80085-9
4757:10.1016/s0262-4079(16)30115-4
4480:10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34373-0
4325:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)86961-0
4319:(3602): 631–634. 1892-09-10.
3770:www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au
3043:. Vol. 5. pp. 1–9.
2918:10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00419-5
2811:www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au
2421:Fetal Physiology and Medicine
2079:Clinical Engineering Handbook
1351:a bed to support the mother.
1149:Women's medicine in antiquity
1128:confined exclusively to women
1088:'s health is also monitored.
1084:function, and baby care. The
914:Complications and emergencies
899:, an anaesthesiologist, or a
744:(miscarriage), as well as of
642:for the assessment of foetal
8463:Disorders of sex development
6872:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
6639:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
6007:Gender disparities in health
5345:Mother-to-child transmission
4929:10.1017/cbo9780511486944.002
4781:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
4384:Postgraduate Medical Journal
4266:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
4180:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
4058:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
4036:UK public library membership
3798:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
3551:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
3422:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
3274:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
3121:Saint Louis H (2022-04-14).
2239:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
1875:10.1371/journal.pone.0225281
1007:, uterine rupture or tears,
752:Thyroid disease in pregnancy
707:A pregnant woman may have a
658:and taking a portion of the
491:; if > 140 mg/dL, a
424:human chorionic gonadotropin
8473:Reproductive system disease
7396:Traditional birth attendant
5620:Pelvic inflammatory disease
5563:Hormone replacement therapy
5127:Reproductive system disease
4839:. Oxford University Press.
3373:MSD Manual Consumer Version
3189:MSD Manual Consumer Version
2861:MSD Manual Consumer Version
2286:Primer of Diagnostic Imagin
2116:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1938:"Quad screen - Mayo Clinic"
1480:Annals of Internal Medicine
1311:as well as French surgeons
302:Routine tests in the first
8851:
8763:Braxton Hicks contractions
8432:Obstetrics and gynaecology
7628:Brain health and pollution
6114:Black Women's Health Study
5181:Complications of pregnancy
4921:Nineteenth-Century English
4874:10.1016/j.midw.2016.10.007
4743:(3056): 17. January 2016.
4714:10.1001/archsurg.134.8.902
4670:10.1016/j.jnma.2019.02.002
4549:. Human Service Solutions.
4522:McGill Journal of Medicine
3948:"The Origins of Midwifery"
3811:10.1186/s12884-021-03762-0
3712:10.1186/s12978-021-01070-6
2624:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.090
2169:10.5144/0256-4947.2006.306
1600:Nursing for Women's Health
1159:female reproductive system
1146:
1095:
1034:
920:Complications of pregnancy
917:
811:
801:
700:
687:(NST) for fetal heart rate
568:magnetic resonance imaging
247:complications of pregnancy
29:
8742:Von Braun-Fernwald's sign
8348:Pregnant patients' rights
8113:Pre-conception counseling
8070:Abortion-rights movements
7841:Chorionic villus sampling
7193:Obstetric ultrasonography
7117:Pre-conception counseling
6990:
6175:
6091:Women's Health Initiative
5944:Major depressive disorder
5772:Intimate partner violence
5633:Female genital mutilation
5628:
5320:
4651:Vernon LF (August 2019).
4570:10.1017/9781108421706.154
4279:10.1186/s12884-017-1641-9
4193:10.1186/s12884-015-0652-7
4117:10.1017/9781107705647.046
4071:10.1186/s12884-018-1691-7
3637:10.1186/s13643-016-0193-9
3564:10.1186/s12884-019-2230-x
3435:10.1186/s12884-017-1302-z
2961:10.1080/01443610500040737
2906:Obstetrics and Gynecology
2129:10.1016/j.jvs.2010.05.140
1817:10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.004
1684:"The trisomy 18 syndrome"
1338:Historical role of gender
1043:World Health Organization
646:, Rh isoimmunization, or
633:chorionic villus sampling
572:obstetric ultrasonography
529:Obstetric ultrasonography
230:obstetrics and gynecology
8234:Gamete Cryopreservation
8080:Circumcision controversy
8060:Compulsory sterilization
7731:Intrahepatic cholestasis
6826:Transplantation medicine
6717:Clinical neurophysiology
6634:Obstetric anesthesiology
6554:Interventional radiology
6314:Digestive system surgery
5680:Gynaecological disorders
5496:Culture and menstruation
5463:Contraceptive prevalence
5355:Compulsory sterilization
3213:www.medicalnewstoday.com
2252:10.1186/1471-2393-14-363
2157:Annals of Saudi Medicine
1531:"What Is a Coombs Test?"
1172:coitus interruptus
339:(AGT) to assess risk of
8594:Social hygiene movement
8447:Transgender health care
7801:Motor vehicle emissions
7662:Concomitant conditions
7636:environmental toxicants
7379:Auxiliary nurse midwife
7140:artificial insemination
7107:Natural family planning
6697:Intensive care medicine
6671:Mass gathering medicine
6516:Maternal–fetal medicine
5963:Urinary tract infection
5755:Abuse during childbirth
3526:Smith JR (2022-04-01).
3247:10.1002/scin.5591790305
2785:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
1917:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
1779:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
1612:10.1111/1751-486X.12095
1371:Maternal-fetal medicine
1365:Henry Jacques Garrigues
1143:Before the 18th century
1069:is three to four days.
958:show liver failure and
868:(Pitocin or Syntocinon)
691:Oxytocin challenge test
556:computerized tomography
433:Down syndrome karyotype
327:at 28 weeks to prevent
8422:Genitourinary medicine
8225:In vitro fertilization
8180:Hormonal contraception
8065:Contraceptive security
7895:Postpartum confinement
7155:in vitro fertilisation
6289:Cardiothoracic surgery
5880:Cardiovascular disease
5468:Contraceptive security
5401:In vitro fertilization
5312:Postpartum confinement
5186:Hyperemesis gravidarum
4396:10.1136/pmj.78.919.311
4018:10.1093/ref:odnb/16239
3766:"What do midwives do?"
2202:"Obstetric Ultrasound"
1701:10.1186/1750-1172-7-81
1123:
1001:Obstetrical hemorrhage
525:
508:
493:glucose tolerance test
434:
402:Genetic screening for
8085:Intersex human rights
7890:Postpartum depression
7771:Pruritic folliculitis
7515:Unassisted childbirth
6940:Personalized medicine
6799:Reproductive medicine
6724:Occupational medicine
6678:Evolutionary medicine
6002:Healthcare inequality
5804:Gender discrimination
5608:Human papilloma virus
5283:Vesicovaginal fistula
4103:Al-Gailani S (2018).
3751:History of Childbirth
3287:10.1186/1471-2393-9-8
1443:The new public health
1328:vesicovaginal fistula
1189:forceps in childbirth
1110:
1098:Veterinary obstetrics
1092:Veterinary obstetrics
1035:Further information:
812:Further information:
713:postnatal development
701:Further information:
697:Diseases in pregnancy
650:can be determined by
519:
506:
482:Group B Streptococcus
432:
8786:Spiegelberg criteria
8712:Abderhalden reaction
8643:tax on childlessness
8399:Genital modification
8323:Unintended pregnancy
8055:Reproductive Justice
7997:Gravidity and parity
7977:Congenital disorders
7936:Lactation consultant
7806:Pre-existing disease
7485:Childbirth positions
7475:Rupture of membranes
7172:Unintended pregnancy
7150:fertility medication
6960:Traditional medicine
6920:Alternative medicine
6787:Addiction psychiatry
6601:Transfusion medicine
6596:Medical microbiology
6511:Gynecologic oncology
6363:Reproductive surgery
6109:Nurses' Health Study
6017:Reproductive justice
5968:Urinary incontinence
5588:Sexually transmitted
5443:Intrauterine devices
5288:Rectovaginal fistula
5278:Obstetrical fistulae
5206:Gestational diabetes
5201:Obstetrical bleeding
5176:Adolescent pregnancy
5161:Gravidity and parity
5156:Unintended pregnancy
4378:Drife J (May 2002).
3923:Hufnagel GL (2012).
3481:10.1542/neo.15-1-e32
3183:Artal-Mittelmark R.
3020:www.medicines.org.uk
2122:(1 Suppl): 28S–34S.
1752:10.1056/NEJMoa043693
1633:CDCTB (2020-12-16).
893:epidural anaesthesia
798:Induction and labour
742:spontaneous abortion
728:gestational diabetes
709:pre-existing disease
546:biophysical profiles
489:gestational diabetes
337:Indirect Coombs test
311:Complete blood count
8804:Leopold's maneuvers
8343:Pregnancy from rape
8200:Intrauterine device
7900:Sex after pregnancy
7707:Endocrine diseases
7653:Prenatal depression
7525:Placental expulsion
7443:Uterine contraction
7426:cervical effacement
7167:Fertility awareness
6982:History of medicine
6965:Veterinary medicine
6772:Preventive medicine
6624:Adolescent medicine
6466:Infectious diseases
6022:Women's empowerment
5890:Alzheimer's disease
5521:Cloth menstrual pad
5478:Fertility awareness
5448:Oral contraceptives
5330:Perinatal mortality
4824:. 12 February 2014.
4749:2016NewSc.229...17.
4702:Archives of Surgery
4528:(1). Archived from
4497:on January 23, 2013
3865:Carr I (May 2000).
3699:Reproductive Health
3099:10.1093/bja/64.1.85
2830:Surányim A (2000).
1866:2019PLoSO..1425281Z
1376:Obstetrical nursing
1205:maternity hospitals
966:Placental abruption
734:Lupus and pregnancy
726:(not restricted to
363:test to screen for
348:test to screen for
346:Rapid plasma reagin
94:
8692:Signs and symptoms
8589:History of condoms
8478:Sexual dysfunction
8384:Sexual orientation
8338:Options counseling
8185:Male contraception
8108:Genetic counseling
7676:Hypercoagulability
7505:Natural childbirth
7354:Postterm pregnancy
7112:Male contraceptive
6930:Molecular oncology
6887:Doctor of Medicine
6877:Master of Medicine
6794:Radiation oncology
6666:Emergency medicine
6619:Addiction medicine
6586:Clinical chemistry
6581:Clinical pathology
6373:Transplant surgery
6331:Orthopedic surgery
6309:Colorectal surgery
6119:Cartwright Inquiry
6030:Politics, research
5848:Endometrial cancer
5702:Sexual intercourse
5473:Planned parenthood
5458:Male contraceptive
4612:10.7717/peerj.5724
4516:Caplan CE (1995).
3933:Edwin Mellen Press
3929:Lewiston, New York
3905:McGrew RE (1985).
3624:Systematic Reviews
2658:Gresele P (2008).
2457:www.mayoclinic.org
2356:www.mayoclinic.org
2039:www.mayoclinic.org
2015:www.mayoclinic.org
1942:www.mayoclinic.org
1267:maternal mortality
1163:Soranus of Ephesus
1124:
901:nurse anaesthetist
767:hypercoagulability
603:Multiple gestation
560:ionizing radiation
539:, evaluate for an
526:
509:
435:
159:Doctor of Medicine
152:Education required
8812:
8811:
8781:ectopic pregnancy
8658:
8657:
8358:Teenage pregnancy
8075:Genital integrity
8005:
8004:
7990:Obstetric history
7985:
7984:
7946:Confinement nanny
7859:
7858:
7726:Acute fatty liver
7533:
7532:
7421:cervical dilation
7048:
7047:
6882:Master of Surgery
6846:
6845:
6831:Tropical medicine
6777:Prison healthcare
6692:Hospital medicine
6656:Disaster medicine
6646:Aviation medicine
6461:Hospital medicine
6368:Surgical oncology
6353:Pediatric surgery
6347:
6294:Endocrine surgery
6219:
6218:
6099:
6098:
5924:
5923:
5875:
5874:
5858:Papanicolaou test
5814:Non-communicable
5782:Sexual harassment
5760:Domestic violence
5730:
5729:
5573:
5572:
5370:
5369:
5273:Retained placenta
5191:Ectopic pregnancy
4971:978-0-19-876636-0
4579:978-1-108-33671-0
4474:(12): 1131–1136.
4440:(5): 380–4, 405.
4126:978-1-107-06802-5
4034:(Subscription or
4027:978-0-19-861412-8
2841:10.14232/phd.2154
2669:978-0-521-88115-9
2617:(18): 2128–2141.
2438:978-0-407-00366-8
2303:978-0-323-06538-2
2096:978-0-12-226570-9
1745:(19): 2001–2011.
1460:978-0-12-415766-8
1247:Caesarean section
1067:caesarean section
1037:Postpartum period
1031:Postpartum period
1013:retained placenta
982:Shoulder dystocia
929:Ectopic pregnancy
907:Caesarean section
804:Induction (birth)
724:diabetes mellitus
715:of the offspring
541:ectopic pregnancy
512:Fetal assessments
406:(trisomy 21) and
292:Fetus at 20 weeks
280:Fetus at 17 weeks
222:medical specialty
218:postpartum period
203:
202:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
8842:
8774:Hemoglobin Barts
8685:
8678:
8671:
8662:
8620:Two-child policy
8615:One-child policy
8495:Gender dysphoria
8032:
8025:
8018:
8009:
7870:
7836:Cardiotocography
7542:
7448:Vaginal delivery
7321:Nesting instinct
7296:
7281:Rudimentary horn
7210:Prenatal testing
7075:
7068:
7061:
7052:
7038:
7037:
7028:
7018:
7017:
7008:
7007:
6998:
6997:
6702:Medical genetics
6687:General practice
6564:Nuclear medicine
6439:Gastroenterology
6395:Vascular surgery
6345:
6272:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6223:
6207:
6206:
6195:
6194:
6183:
6182:
6036:
5821:
5741:
5735:Non-reproductive
5584:
5501:Feminine hygiene
5268:Cesarian section
5263:Obstructed labor
5144:
5059:
5040:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5007:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4990:Cleveland Clinic
4982:
4976:
4975:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4814:
4805:
4804:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4672:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4624:
4614:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4496:
4490:. Archived from
4465:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4407:
4390:(919): 311–315.
4375:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4291:
4281:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4195:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4105:"Hospital Birth"
4100:
4094:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4031:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3847:
3834:
3833:
3823:
3813:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3749:Gelis J (1991).
3746:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:Cleveland Clinic
3666:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3566:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3507:Cleveland Clinic
3499:
3493:
3492:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3437:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3397:Cleveland Clinic
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3367:Moldenhauer JS.
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3348:Cleveland Clinic
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3324:Cleveland Clinic
3316:
3310:
3309:
3299:
3289:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2855:Moldenhauer JS.
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2807:"Induced labour"
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2688:Cleveland Clinic
2680:
2674:
2673:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2626:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2378:Fetal Assessment
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1966:Cleveland Clinic
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1909:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1877:
1860:(12): e0225281.
1845:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1663:Cleveland Clinic
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1492:10.7326/M22-0737
1486:(9): 1285–1297.
1471:
1465:
1464:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1400:Cleveland Clinic
1392:
1332:Anarcha Westcott
1288:Ephraim McDowell
1258:Ignaz Semmelweis
1223:Medical Act 1858
1121:Eucharius Rößlin
1019:Puerperal sepsis
438:Second trimester
408:Edwards syndrome
289:
277:
258:
131:Activity sectors
95:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
45:
44:
37:
21:
8850:
8849:
8845:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8840:
8839:
8830:Human pregnancy
8815:
8814:
8813:
8808:
8798:Spalding's sign
8769:hydrops fetalis
8746:
8737:Piskacek's sign
8698:
8689:
8659:
8654:
8603:
8572:
8545:United Kingdom
8499:
8451:
8442:Sexual medicine
8403:
8379:Gender identity
8367:
8313:Maternal health
8299:
8259:
8255:fertility fraud
8216:
8209:
8166:
8117:
8091:
8041:
8036:
8006:
8001:
7981:
7950:
7914:
7885:Postpartum care
7855:
7819:
7722:Liver diseases
7716:Thyroid disease
7614:
7600:Gestational age
7571:
7529:
7495:Labor induction
7400:
7391:Perinatal nurse
7364:Birth attendant
7325:
7285:
7219:
7215:Medical imaging
7176:
7145:fertility fraud
7121:
7088:
7079:
7049:
7044:
6986:
6975:Chief physician
6908:
6853:
6842:
6836:Travel medicine
6821:Sports medicine
6804:Sexual medicine
6744:Palliative care
6739:Pain management
6683:Family medicine
6661:Diving medicine
6607:
6535:
6497:
6490:
6406:
6399:
6358:Plastic surgery
6304:General surgery
6284:Cardiac surgery
6265:
6263:
6255:
6250:
6220:
6215:
6171:
6156:Family planning
6134:
6128:
6095:
6072:
6031:
6025:
5997:Gender equality
5980:
5974:
5920:
5871:
5853:Cervical cancer
5815:
5808:
5746:
5736:
5726:
5717:Sex differences
5675:Forced marriage
5624:
5589:
5579:
5569:
5511:Menstrual cycle
5482:
5435:Family planning
5433:
5424:
5377:
5366:
5325:Maternal deaths
5316:
5307:Postpartum care
5253:Multiple births
5229:
5138:
5131:
5064:
5055:
5052:
5044:
5034:
5004:
5003:
4994:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4972:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4939:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4904:
4902:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4155:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4127:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3987:
3985:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3956:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3904:
3903:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3837:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3747:
3738:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3678:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3401:
3399:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3149:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3059:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2889:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2657:
2655:
2648:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2576:(11): 677–686.
2563:
2562:
2558:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2400:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1901:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1643:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1361:
1340:
1317:Auguste Nélaton
1313:Eugène Koeberlé
1275:
1254:puerperal fever
1218:
1181:
1151:
1145:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1055:Postpartum care
1047:postpartum care
1039:
1033:
1005:placenta previa
988:Uterine rupture
972:Foetal distress
922:
916:
878:cardiotocograph
846:
816:
810:
802:Main articles:
800:
705:
699:
599:gestational age
584:gestational sac
514:
472:
470:Third trimester
440:
357:antibody screen
300:
298:First trimester
293:
290:
281:
278:
269:
266:gestational age
259:
243:
238:
190:
188:
153:
132:
120:
119:Occupation type
86:
75:
69:
66:
58:help improve it
55:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8848:
8846:
8838:
8837:
8835:Women's health
8832:
8827:
8817:
8816:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8806:
8801:
8789:
8777:
8765:
8760:
8754:
8752:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8722:Goodell's sign
8719:
8714:
8708:
8706:
8700:
8699:
8690:
8688:
8687:
8680:
8673:
8665:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8652:
8647:
8646:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8622:
8617:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8580:
8578:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8563:
8561:teen pregnancy
8553:
8552:
8551:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8500:
8498:
8497:
8492:
8491:
8490:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8459:
8457:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8413:
8411:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8375:
8373:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8309:
8307:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8275:
8269:
8267:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8240:
8232:
8227:
8221:
8219:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8176:
8174:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8152:
8142:
8137:
8127:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8099:
8097:
8093:
8092:
8090:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8082:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8051:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8035:
8034:
8027:
8020:
8012:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7993:
7991:
7987:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7931:Health visitor
7928:
7922:
7920:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7876:
7874:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7846:Nonstress test
7843:
7838:
7833:
7827:
7825:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7762:Skin diseases
7760:
7759:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7728:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7713:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7552:Amniotic fluid
7548:
7546:
7539:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7500:Multiple birth
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7408:
7406:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7382:
7381:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7350:
7349:
7339:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7306:Bradley method
7302:
7300:
7293:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7198:Pregnancy test
7195:
7190:
7184:
7182:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7131:
7129:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7098:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7070:
7063:
7055:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7032:
7022:
7012:
7002:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6916:
6914:
6913:Related topics
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6862:Medical school
6858:
6856:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6816:Sleep medicine
6813:
6812:
6811:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6763:
6758:
6757:
6756:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6680:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6629:Anesthesiology
6626:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6559:Neuroradiology
6556:
6545:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6502:
6500:
6496:Obstetrics and
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6411:
6409:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6380:
6378:Trauma surgery
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6341:Otolaryngology
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6280:
6278:
6269:
6267:subspecialties
6257:
6256:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6241:
6234:
6226:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6201:
6189:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6136:
6133:Women's health
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6044:
6042:
6040:United Nations
6033:
6032:& advocacy
6027:
6026:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5982:
5979:Sociocultural
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5936:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5867:Ovarian cancer
5864:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5850:
5843:Uterine cancer
5840:
5835:
5829:
5827:
5818:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5787:Sexual assault
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5665:Child marriage
5662:
5660:Breast ironing
5657:
5652:
5650:Breast binding
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5638:Clitoridectomy
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5605:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5516:Menstrual aids
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5439:
5437:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5382:
5380:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5300:Husband stitch
5292:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5178:
5173:
5171:Antenatal care
5168:
5163:
5158:
5152:
5150:
5141:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5117:Fallopian tube
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5069:
5067:
5063:Reproductive
5056:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5042:Women's health
5035:
5033:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5010:
5002:
5001:
4977:
4970:
4944:
4937:
4911:
4900:www.unicef.org
4887:
4852:
4827:
4806:
4787:(6): 694–695.
4770:
4727:
4692:
4663:(4): 436–446.
4643:
4585:
4578:
4552:
4535:
4532:on 2012-07-07.
4508:
4459:Low J (2009).
4451:
4420:
4367:
4361:978-9241510547
4360:
4338:
4303:
4252:
4217:
4166:
4125:
4095:
4041:
4026:
3994:
3963:
3938:
3912:
3886:
3857:
3835:
3781:
3756:
3736:
3685:
3661:
3610:
3588:
3537:
3518:
3494:
3475:(1): e32–e36.
3459:
3408:
3384:
3359:
3335:
3311:
3260:
3225:
3200:
3175:
3156:
3132:
3113:
3072:
3057:
3031:
3007:
2982:
2955:(2): 134–139.
2939:
2912:(5): 735–738.
2896:
2872:
2847:
2822:
2797:
2772:
2748:
2733:"Preeclampsia"
2723:
2699:
2675:
2668:
2646:
2597:
2556:
2531:
2512:
2493:
2468:
2444:
2437:
2411:
2367:
2343:
2324:
2309:
2302:
2276:
2225:
2192:
2163:(4): 306–309.
2143:
2102:
2095:
2069:
2050:
2026:
2002:
1977:
1953:
1929:
1899:
1840:
1811:(2): 245–256.
1791:
1766:
1725:
1674:
1650:
1625:
1590:
1571:
1546:
1521:
1466:
1459:
1433:
1411:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1357:
1339:
1336:
1292:J. Marion Sims
1274:
1271:
1217:
1214:
1180:
1177:
1144:
1141:
1117:birthing chair
1104:
1101:
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
1051:postnatal care
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1016:
998:
994:Prolapsed cord
991:
985:
979:
969:
963:
956:HELLP syndrome
932:
918:Main article:
915:
912:
911:
910:
904:
897:anaesthestists
881:
870:
869:
862:
859:
857:Foley catheter
853:
847:
844:
830:
799:
796:
795:
794:
787:
777:
756:
749:
746:neonatal lupus
731:
698:
695:
694:
693:
688:
685:Nonstress test
682:
673:. Typically a
663:
660:umbilical cord
636:
621:
513:
510:
497:
496:
485:
479:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
460:
439:
436:
400:
399:
393:
387:
378:
377:when indicated
367:
358:
352:
343:
334:
333:
332:
313:
299:
296:
295:
294:
291:
284:
282:
279:
272:
270:
260:
253:
242:
239:
237:
234:
201:
200:
191:
186:
183:
182:
181:
180:
174:
168:
162:
154:
151:
148:
147:
143:
142:
133:
130:
127:
126:
121:
118:
115:
114:
113:
112:
109:
104:
100:
99:
88:
87:
70:September 2010
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8847:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8805:
8802:
8799:
8795:
8794:
8790:
8787:
8783:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8771:
8770:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8749:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8717:Chadwick sign
8715:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8693:
8686:
8681:
8679:
8674:
8672:
8667:
8666:
8663:
8651:
8648:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8638:child benefit
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8581:
8579:
8575:
8567:
8566:birth control
8564:
8562:
8559:
8558:
8557:
8556:United States
8554:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8502:
8496:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8454:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8410:
8406:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8374:
8370:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8353:Prenatal care
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8306:
8302:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8284:
8281:
8280:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8262:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8218:
8212:
8206:
8205:Sterilization
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8173:
8172:Contraception
8169:
8163:
8160:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8140:Birth spacing
8138:
8136:
8135:childlessness
8132:
8131:Childfreeness
8129:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8120:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8103:Sex education
8101:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8033:
8028:
8026:
8021:
8019:
8014:
8013:
8010:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7988:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7941:Monthly nurse
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7917:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7831:Amniocentesis
7829:
7828:
7826:
7822:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7791:Vaginal flora
7789:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7682:
7681:Substance use
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7595:Fundal height
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7348:
7347:Preterm birth
7345:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7311:Hypnobirthing
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7188:3D ultrasound
7186:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7102:Birth control
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7076:
7071:
7069:
7064:
7062:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7041:
7033:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7021:
7013:
7011:
7003:
7001:
6993:
6992:
6989:
6983:
6980:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6945:Public health
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6925:Allied health
6923:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6911:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6849:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6734:Oral medicine
6732:
6730:
6729:Ophthalmology
6727:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6591:Cytopathology
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6532:
6531:Urogynecology
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6493:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6434:Endocrinology
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6402:
6396:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6247:
6242:
6240:
6235:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6212:
6211:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6178:
6177:
6174:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6131:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6078:United States
6075:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6028:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5992:Disadvantaged
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5977:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5953:Urinary tract
5951:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5929:Mental health
5927:
5926:
5917:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5868:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5838:Breast cancer
5836:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5747:against women
5742:
5739:
5733:
5723:
5722:Sex education
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:Breast health
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5585:
5582:
5576:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5526:Menstrual cup
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5431:
5430:Contraception
5427:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:Childlessness
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5376:Reproductive
5373:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5350:Sterilization
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:Preterm birth
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5083:Clitoral hood
5081:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:Reproductive
5047:
5043:
5039:
5031:
5026:
5024:
5019:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5008:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4948:
4945:
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611:amniotic sacs
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50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
8791:
8779:
8767:
8732:Ladin's sign
8727:Hegar's sign
8695:
8650:Abortion law
8633:bachelor tax
8317:
8283:vulvovaginal
8217:reproduction
7671:Hypertension
7658:Immunization
7641:in pregnancy
7557:Amniotic sac
7510:Silent birth
7453:Presentation
7416:Bishop score
7386:Obstetrician
7276:Interstitial
7203:home testing
6950:Rural health
6935:Nanomedicine
6520:
6486:Rheumatology
6417: /
6336:Hand surgery
6321:Neurosurgery
6208:
6196:
6184:
5907:Hip fracture
5902:Osteoporosis
5643:Infibulation
5543:Dysmenorrhea
5536:Sanitary pad
5488:Menstruation
5216:Preeclampsia
5211:Hypertension
5165:
5095:Labia majora
5090:Labia minora
4993:. Retrieved
4989:
4980:
4953:
4947:
4920:
4914:
4903:. Retrieved
4899:
4890:
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4656:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4561:
4555:
4545:
4538:
4530:the original
4525:
4521:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4492:the original
4471:
4467:
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4437:
4433:
4423:
4387:
4383:
4347:
4341:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4269:
4265:
4255:
4233:(1): 65–72.
4230:
4226:
4220:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4138:. Retrieved
4109:Reproduction
4108:
4098:
4061:
4057:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3986:. Retrieved
3973:
3966:
3955:. Retrieved
3951:
3941:
3924:
3906:
3877:. Retrieved
3873:
3860:
3851:
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3797:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:
3759:
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3688:
3677:. Retrieved
3673:
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3627:
3623:
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3591:
3554:
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3540:
3531:
3521:
3510:. Retrieved
3506:
3497:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3400:. Retrieved
3396:
3387:
3376:. Retrieved
3372:
3362:
3351:. Retrieved
3347:
3338:
3327:. Retrieved
3323:
3314:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3238:
3235:Science News
3234:
3228:
3217:. Retrieved
3215:. 2021-11-10
3212:
3203:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:
3178:
3169:
3159:
3148:. Retrieved
3144:
3135:
3126:
3116:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3040:
3034:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:
3010:
2999:. Retrieved
2994:
2985:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:
2875:
2864:. Retrieved
2860:
2850:
2831:
2825:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2787:. 2021-08-08
2784:
2775:
2764:. Retrieved
2760:
2751:
2740:. Retrieved
2736:
2726:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:
2678:
2659:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2548:. Retrieved
2544:
2534:
2525:
2515:
2506:
2496:
2485:. Retrieved
2481:
2471:
2460:. Retrieved
2456:
2447:
2420:
2414:
2383:. Retrieved
2377:
2370:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:
2346:
2337:
2327:
2312:
2285:
2279:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2217:. Retrieved
2205:
2195:
2160:
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2146:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2078:
2072:
2063:
2053:
2042:. Retrieved
2038:
2029:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1994:. Retrieved
1990:
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:
1956:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1921:. Retrieved
1919:. 2021-08-08
1916:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1783:. Retrieved
1781:. 2021-08-08
1778:
1769:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:
1653:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:
1628:
1606:(1): 67–72.
1603:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1524:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1442:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1390:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1325:
1309:Charles Clay
1299:
1296:
1284:
1276:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1219:
1216:19th century
1210:
1196:
1193:
1182:
1179:18th century
1170:
1152:
1125:
1071:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1040:
944:hypertension
923:
871:
836:
824:
817:
790:Preeclampsia
771:
737:
706:
615:
596:
580:
562:, which has
550:
527:
498:
401:
385:tuberculosis
381:Mantoux test
369:Testing for
301:
244:
205:
204:
93:Obstetrician
76:
67:
51:
18:Obstetrician
8793:fetal death
8758:Apgar score
8536:Philippines
8468:Infertility
8427:Gynaecology
8394:Transgender
8162:Sperm theft
8155:foster care
7967:Apgar score
7751:Hepatitis C
7737:Infections
7577:Development
7562:Endometrium
7520:Water birth
7438:Bloody show
7369:Men's roles
7299:Preparation
7251:Heterotopic
7020:Wikiproject
6809:Venereology
6754:Neonatology
6651:Dermatology
6506:Gynaecology
6498:gynaecology
6481:Pulmonology
6299:Eye surgery
6261:Specialties
6210:WikiProject
5897:Bone health
5833:Lung cancer
5670:Dyspareunia
5613:HPV vaccine
5553:Amenorrhoea
5548:Menorrhagia
5386:Infertility
5335:Stillbirths
5196:Miscarriage
4157:|work=
3145:Mayo Clinic
2761:Mayo Clinic
2712:Mayo Clinic
2476:Dunkin MA.
2402:|work=
1243:anaesthesia
1197:accoucheurs
940:endothelium
851:misoprostol
784:dehydration
780:Hyperemesis
772:post partum
640:haematocrit
564:teratogenic
524:at 12 weeks
412:quad screen
392:and culture
365:hepatitis B
321:Rh-negative
146:Description
8825:Obstetrics
8819:Categories
8696:obstetrics
8628:baby bonus
8624:Financial
8504:By country
8328:childbirth
8318:Obstetrics
8250:Sperm bank
7972:Child care
7865:Postpartum
7824:Procedures
7776:Dermatoses
7632:Nutrition
7490:Home birth
7412:Pelvimetry
7291:Childbirth
7271:Unintended
7127:Conception
7086:childbirth
6782:Psychiatry
6768:(PM&R)
6761:Phlebology
6749:Pediatrics
6576:Anatomical
6541:Diagnostic
6521:Obstetrics
6471:Nephrology
6456:Hematology
6451:Geriatrics
6444:Hepatology
6429:Cardiology
6419:Immunology
6135:by country
5939:Depression
5590:infections
5295:Episiotomy
5235:Childbirth
5166:Obstetrics
4995:2022-04-30
4905:2022-04-30
4708:(8): 902.
4313:The Lancet
4186:(1): 216.
4140:2022-04-30
4038:required.)
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3974:StatPearls
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3804:(1): 287.
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1947:2022-04-29
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1382:References
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1147:See also:
1134:. Skilled
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8704:Pregnancy
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8305:Pregnancy
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6854:education
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6571:Pathology
6549:Radiology
6424:Angiology
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5765:Pregnancy
5745:Violence
5685:Vaginitis
5558:Menopause
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607:placentae
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8409:Medicine
8389:Intersex
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8333:Abortion
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1885:6892535
1862:Bibcode
1826:5548328
1711:3520824
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1167:ancient
1103:History
1082:bladder
889:opiates
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833:Pessary
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638:Foetal
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7955:Infant
7880:Lochia
7666:Anemia
7585:Embryo
7458:breech
7337:Mother
7316:Lamaze
7030:Portal
6897:MD–PhD
6163:Russia
5825:Cancer
5737:health
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