415:
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283:
1321:
277:
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457:, one side of their coins would have a symbol of the state, usually their patron goddess or her symbol, which remained constant through all of the coins minted by that state, which is regarded as the obverse of those coins. The opposite side may have varied from time to time. In ancient Greek monarchical coinage, the situation continued whereby a larger image of a
743:
835:, believing his left side to be superior to his right (to show the parting in his hair), insisted on his image facing left, as his father's image had. No official legislation prevented his wishes being granted, so left-facing obverses were prepared for minting. Very few examples were struck before he
169:
III depicted on the reverse, or back side of the coin, in smaller scale; the coin exhibits the obverse – "head", or front – and reverse – "tail", or back – convention that still dominates much coinage today. Legend: SABINIA TRANQVILLINA AVG
839:
later that year, and none bearing this portrait were ever issued officially. When George VI acceded to the throne, his image was placed to face left, implying that, had any coins been minted with Edward's portrait the obverses would have depicted Edward facing right and maintained the tradition.
676:
If not provided for on the obverse, the reverse side usually contains information relating to a coin's role as a medium of exchange (such as the value of the coin). Additional space typically reflects the issuing country's culture or government, or evokes some aspect of the state's territory.
437:
Generally, the side of a coin with the larger-scale image will be called the obverse (especially if the image is a single head) and, if that does not serve to distinguish them, the side that is more typical of a wide range of coins from that location will be called the obverse. Following this
706:
exists. Officially, as agreed by the informal
Economic and Finance Ministers Council of Verona in April 1996, and despite the fact that a number of countries have a different design for each coin, the distinctive national side for the circulation coins is the
797:
1102:, or "union", be visible in the same position as it would be if the flag was being displayed horizontally on the obverse. Displaying the flag in a window requires the reverse be visible from the exterior and the obverse from the interior.
881:
The United States specifies what appears on the obverse and reverse of its currency. The specifications mentioned here imply the use of all upper-case letters, although they appear here in upper and lower case letters for the
1047:, the obverse of a flag is the side taken as the default illustration of a flag, for example the side used to display a design in a book or other paper document. The obverse is usually assumed to be the side visible when the
1059:
side to their right, while the reverse is the side visible with the hoist on the right and the fly on the left. Most flags reversed feature a mirror copy of the obverse, a format accommodated by most flag manufacturers.
565:, with just lettering on both sides of their coins. This script alone style then was used on nearly all Islamic coinage until the modern period. The type of Justinian II was revived after the end of the
969:, whose issue began in 1999, was seen as calling for more space and more flexibility in the design of the reverse. A law specific to this series and the corresponding time period permits the following:
178:
A Roman imperial coin of Marcus
Claudius Tacitus, who ruled briefly from 275 to 276, follows the convention of obverse and reverse coin traditions. Legend: IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG / VICTORIA GOTTHI
569:, and with variations remained the norm until the end of the Empire. Without images, therefore, it is not always easy to tell which side will be regarded as the obverse without some knowledge.
545:, where a head of Christ became the obverse and a head or portrait (half or full-length) of the emperor became considered the reverse. The introduction of this style in the gold coins of
1032:
433:, is regarded as the obverse because of its larger scale and because it is a portrait head; the entire owl is depicted in a smaller scale on the reverse. Legend: ΑΘΕΟ, ie of Athenians.
606:
exists typically to display the obverse to the left (or above) and the reverse to the right (or below) in photographs and museum displays, but this is not invariably observed.
1251:
450:
and the reverse is her owl. Similar versions of these two images, both symbols of the state, were used on the
Athenian coins for more than two centuries.
1069:
503:, for the currency to bear the head of the monarch on one side, which is almost always regarded as the obverse. This change happened in the coinage of
669:
side of a modern piece of currency is the one that evokes that reaction by invoking the strength of the state, and that side almost always depicts a
1249:
Commission
Recommendation of 29 September 2003 on a common practice for changes to the design of national obverse sides of euro circulation coins
414:
1259:
1780:
1406:
1401:
519:, as divine. The various Hellenistic rulers who were his successors followed his tradition and kept their images on the obverse of coins.
515:, at least partly because he thought this would help secure the allegiance of the Egyptians, who had regarded their previous monarchs, the
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75:
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141:
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By tradition, each
British monarch faces in the opposite direction of his or her predecessor; this is said to date from 1661, with
122:
731:
46:
94:
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1411:
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773:(or Chrysanthemum Crest), representing the imperial family, appeared on all coins, and this side was regarded as the obverse;
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Words (not digits) expressing the name or assigned value of the item, e.g., "quarter dollar", "one dime", "five cents"
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Following ancient tradition, the obverse of coins of the United
Kingdom (and predecessor kingdoms going back to the
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154:
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After 695 Islamic coins avoided all images of persons and usually contained script alone. The side expressing the
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between 1817 and 1835. On rupees, the side that carries the name of the ruler is considered the obverse.
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symbols are further used to describe the relationship between the obverse and reverse sides of a flag.
904:", and the year 1979; the reverse side shows the words "one dollar", "United States of America", and "
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states that a vertically hung flag should be displayed with the reverse side out, such that the blue
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Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Coins in the
Numismatic Collection of Yale College, Volume 2.
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913:
863:('of all the Britains' – that is, Britain and its dominions) and, before 1949,
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were taken from the reverse of the nations' former pre-euro coins. Several countries (such as
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A movement back to the earlier tradition of a deity being placed on the obverse occurred in
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537:), the emperor on the reverse. Legend: DN IHS CHS REX RAGNANTIUM / DN IUSTINIANUS MULTUS A.
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The
Chrysanthemum Crest was no longer used after the war, and so (equally informally):
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715:. This rule does not apply to the collector coins as they do not have a common side.
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faced right. The only break in this tradition almost occurred in 1936 when
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the side on which the date appears continues to be regarded as the reverse;
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230:, because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse
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1667:
1655:
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include provisions for when and how the reverse should be displayed. The
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Current UK coinage features the following abbreviated Latin inscription:
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619:
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the other side, on which the date appeared, was regarded as the reverse.
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211:
17:
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is an exception to both conventions, with a right-hoisted ("sinister"
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plant, the reverse showing the value "500", and the year 2006 (平成十八年,
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and the state were equivalent for most purposes. For this reason, the
472:, intended to be seen as a deity, wearing the attributes of the hero,
1696:
1073:) obverse and an equal reverse to correctly arrange the calligraphic
993:
The words expressing the assigned value of the coin, "quarter dollar"
752:
670:
599:(the Islamic profession of faith) is usually defined as the obverse.
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426:
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and the common
European side (which includes the coin value) is the
1283:
1715:
1701:
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1679:
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on the obverse of UK and Empire coins would have broken tradition.
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741:
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643:
191:
1200:
Warman's Coins And Paper Money: Identification and Price Guide.
730:) continue to use portraits of the reigning monarch, while the
622:
follows its function, which is to serve as a readily accepted
347:
226:
means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called
51:
1274:, FOTW Flags Of The World, 3 June 2019. Accessed 2 May 2020.
1262:
L 264, 2003-10-15, pp. 38–39; EU doc. nr. C(2003) 3388.
218:
and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage,
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continues to use the State Arms, as on its earlier issues.
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A number of the designs used for obverse national sides of
453:
In the many republics of ancient Greece, such as Athens or
41:"Heads and tails" redirects here. For the chance game, see
702:, some confusion regarding the obverse and reverse of the
27:
Front and back sides of coins and other two-sided objects
1033:
List of flags with reverses that differ from the obverse
495:, it has been customary, following the tradition of the
30:"Obverse" redirects here. For the concept in logic, see
673:
of the state, whether it be the monarch or otherwise.
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the side without the date is regarded as the obverse.
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The four digits of a year, that of minting or issue
82:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1079:on both sides. Truly two-sided flags include the
812:) almost always feature the head of the monarch.
924:long adhered to including all of the following:
694:National side (obverse) of a Lithuanian €2 coin
765:, the following informal conventions existed:
561:equivalents, finally to develop a distinctive
1774:
1189:Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1880. p. 228.
8:
1087:, but are otherwise rare in the modern day.
194:and some other two-sided objects, including
1055:, is on the viewer's left and the opposite
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858:
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382:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1781:
1767:
1295:
857:'). Earlier issues, before 1954, included
650:guarantor of the continuing acceptance of
912:mission insignia, previously used on the
402:Learn how and when to remove this message
142:Learn how and when to remove this message
1307:
1154:
549:from the year 695 provoked the Islamic
222:means the front face of the object and
1166:Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values.
1160:
1158:
630:. Normally, this function rests on a
446:of Athens, the obverse is the head of
1272:Saudi Arabia: The Reverse of the Flag
657:Traditionally, most states have been
634:as guarantor of the value: either as
533:after 705. Christ is on the obverse (
7:
1018:The four digits of the year of issue
638:guarantor of the kind and amount of
418:On a Tetradrachma of Athens, struck
380:adding citations to reliable sources
80:adding citations to reliable sources
908:", and retains the imagery of the
761:In Japan, from 1897 to the end of
25:
746:¥500 coin, the obverse showing a
438:principle, in the most famous of
280:for the reverse. The "two-sided"
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1231:from the original on 2018-09-01
584:conventions, but minted by the
67:needs additional citations for
468:Obverse of the tetradrachm of
305:outside numismatics, the term
274:for the obverse and "reverse"
34:. For the book publisher, see
1:
1289:. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
419:
320:The equivalent terms used in
159:
158:Roman imperial coin, struck
1051:, the edge attached to the
1015:instead of on the obverse:
987:instead of on the reverse:
900:, the words "Liberty" and "
792:Coins of the United Kingdom
309:is more commonly used than
1829:
1284:"United States Flag Code",
1036:
1030:
990:"United States of America"
949:"United States of America"
877:Coins of the United States
800:A left-facing portrait of
586:British East India Company
190:are the two flat faces of
40:
29:
264:. Vexillologists use the
1254:19 November 2018 at the
922:United States government
661:where the person of the
1661:Commemorative banknotes
1137:List of people on coins
1096:United States flag code
965:The ten-year series of
1803:Numismatic terminology
1742:Numismatics portal
1380:Circulating currencies
1225:www.ancient-greece.org
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855:Defender of the Faith
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1443:Fictional currencies
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1065:flag of Saudi Arabia
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567:Byzantine Iconoclasm
497:Hellenistic monarchs
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76:improve this article
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1630:Commemorative coins
1541:Medieval currencies
1450:Proposed currencies
1168:Spink Books, 1982.
851:By the Grace of God
732:Republic of Ireland
681:Specific currencies
505:Alexander the Great
470:Alexander the Great
440:ancient Greek coins
338:"recto" and "verso"
1219:Sakoulas, Thomas.
1185:Jonathan Edwards.
967:Statehood quarters
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982:"In God We Trust"
938:"In God We Trust"
914:Eisenhower dollar
589:Madras Presidency
543:Byzantine coinage
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216:old master prints
170:/ CONCORDIA AVGG.
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563:Islamic style
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509:ancient Egypt
506:
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499:and then the
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423: 490 BC
416:
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392:November 2017
385:
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366:
361:This section
359:
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301:In fields of
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260:are used for
259:
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93: –
92:
88:
87:Find sources:
81:
77:
71:
70:
65:This article
63:
59:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:Coin flipping
37:
36:Obverse Books
33:
19:
1675:Credit cards
1436:Time dollars
1279:
1267:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1224:
1214:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1165:
1164:David Sear.
1089:
1074:
1062:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1007:
964:
953:
919:
880:
842:
829:Elizabeth II
814:
807:
779:
763:World War II
760:
751:
717:
712:
708:
697:
675:
666:
656:
647:
635:
613:
610:Modern coins
601:
594:
562:
555:Abd al-Malik
547:Justinian II
540:
534:
531:Justinian II
526:
487:
452:
436:
430:
398:
389:
374:Please help
362:
332:studies and
319:
314:
310:
306:
300:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:is used for
245:
243:abbreviation
236:
231:
227:
223:
219:
187:
183:
181:
138:
132:January 2013
129:
119:
112:
105:
98:
86:
74:Please help
69:verification
66:
1709:Scripophily
1309:Numismatics
1045:vexillology
1027:Vexillology
1003:as before:
976:as before:
846:D G REX F D
833:Edward VIII
810:Middle Ages
802:Edward VIII
652:token coins
636:trustworthy
597:Six Kalimas
444:tetradrachm
303:scholarship
286:, "mirror"
252:, while ℞,
239:numismatics
196:paper money
1797:Categories
1611:Collection
1554:Production
1484:Achaemenid
1235:2018-10-03
1149:References
884:legibility
817:Charles II
720:euro coins
704:euro coins
659:monarchies
604:convention
334:publishing
326:manuscript
322:codicology
163: 241
102:newspapers
1656:Banknotes
1649:Notaphily
1583:Hammering
1566:Designers
1489:Byzantine
1356:Banknotes
1127:Fair coin
1000:Reverse:
979:"Liberty"
973:Obverse:
946:Reverse:
928:Obverse:
910:Apollo 11
837:abdicated
825:George VI
823:. Hence,
748:Paulownia
363:does not
328:studies,
268:"normal"
32:Obversion
1668:Exonumia
1519:Japanese
1499:Filipino
1479:Aksumite
1343:Currency
1331:Glossary
1301:a series
1299:Part of
1252:Archived
1229:Archived
1176:p. xxxv.
1106:See also
1083:and the
860:BRIT OMN
648:powerful
646:, or as
620:currency
517:pharaohs
513:god-king
493:monarchy
478:Hercules
474:Heracles
212:drawings
1697:Cheques
1642:Grading
1576:Milling
1571:Coining
1534:Tibetan
1514:Italian
1494:Chinese
1412:Oceania
1361:Forgery
1258:(PDF),
1076:Shahada
933:Liberty
866:IND IMP
728:Belgium
713:reverse
709:obverse
667:obverse
663:monarch
576:Silver
559:Islamic
527:Solidus
490:Western
455:Corinth
384:removed
369:sources
315:reverse
311:obverse
266:symbols
262:reverse
250:obverse
224:reverse
220:obverse
188:reverse
184:obverse
116:scholar
18:Obverse
1716:Stocks
1702:Scrips
1692:Tokens
1685:Medals
1680:Jetons
1598:Errors
1593:Metals
1509:Indian
1397:Europe
1387:Africa
1206:
1172:
1100:canton
853:King,
753:heisei
671:symbol
582:Mughal
580:using
551:Caliph
482:
448:Athena
442:, the
431:(left)
427:Athena
241:, the
208:medals
167:
118:
111:
104:
97:
89:
1813:Coins
1721:Bonds
1625:Coins
1524:Roman
1504:Greek
1351:Coins
1049:hoist
724:Spain
642:in a
640:metal
632:state
628:value
578:rupee
488:In a
480:. 325
459:deity
330:print
307:front
232:tails
228:heads
204:seals
200:flags
192:coins
123:JSTOR
109:books
1588:Cast
1561:Mint
1529:Thai
1431:LETS
1392:Asia
1368:List
1204:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1063:The
1053:mast
920:The
873:').
769:the
726:and
700:euro
644:coin
616:form
614:The
535:left
367:any
365:cite
336:are
258:rev.
256:and
246:obv.
186:and
182:The
95:news
1373:ISO
1057:fly
1043:In
626:of
618:of
529:of
484:BC.
378:by
237:In
78:by
1799::
1303:on
1260:OJ
1227:.
1223:.
1157:^
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654:.
602:A
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429:,
420:c.
340:.
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202:,
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160:c.
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399:(
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390:(
386:.
372:.
145:)
139:(
134:)
130:(
120:·
113:·
106:·
99:·
72:.
49:.
38:.
20:)
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