41:
481:
303:
375:. This brought major changes, with South African plantation, cattle breeding and mining operations entering the Ovamboland. The Portuguese colonial administration in Angola, who had previously focused on their coastal, northern and eastern operations, entered southern Angola to form a border with the expanding South African presence. The Ovambo people launched several armed rebellions against South African rule in the 1920s and 1930s, which were all suppressed by the
900:
490:
439:
70:
90:
575:
429:
The rituals involve elaborate fire making and keeping ceremonies, rain making dance, and rites have involved throwing herbs in the fire and inhaling the rising smoke. The head priest traditionally was the king of a tribe, and his role was in part to attend to the supernatural spirits and be the chief
362:
In contrast to most ethnic groups in Africa, their isolated, low-density pastoral nomadic lifestyle left the Ovambo people largely unaffected by
Swahili-Arab and European traders before the 19th century. When Germany established a colony in Namibia in 1884, they left the Ovambo people undisturbed.
398:
The South
African Apartheid rule was brought into the Ovamboland in 1948. The South African government declared the Ovamboland an independent province in 1973, and appointed chiefs aligned with the South African government's policies. The Ovambo people rejected these developments, and in 1975 the
346:
The Ovambo started migrating to their current location around the 14th century from the Zambia region to the northeast. They settled near the Angola-Namibia border then expanded further south in
Namibia in the 17th century. They have a close cultural, linguistic and historical relationship to the
458:
Christians. The influence of the
Finnish missions not only related to the religion, but cultural practices. For example, the typical dress style of the contemporary Ovambo women that includes a head scarf and loose full length maxi, is derived from those of the 19th-century Finnish missionaries.
386:
covering about two-thirds of the province later to become
Namibia. Ovambo people were not allowed to move into the Police Zone, neither other tribes nor Europeans could move north without permits. This isolated the Ovambo people, preserving traditional authorities and reducing numbers of White
337:
The Ovambo people are a Bantu-speaking group. In
Namibia, these are the AaNdonga, Ovakwanyama, Aakwambi, Aangandjera, Aambalantu, Ovaunda, Aakolonkadhi, Aakwaluudhi and Aambandja. In Angola, they are the Ovakwanyama, Aakafima, Evale and Aandonga. The Ovakwanyama are the largest sub-tribe.
333:
vegetation sustained by abundant but seasonal rainfall that floods the region into temporary lakes and islands. In dry season, these pools of water empty out. The Ovambo have adapted to the widely varying seasonal weather patterns with their housing, agriculture, and livestock practices.
271:, accounting for about half of the population. Despite concerted efforts from Christian missionaries to wipe out what were believed to be 'pagan practices', they have retained many aspects of their cultural practices. They are also found in the southern
425:
cosmology states that the
Supreme Being created the first man and first woman, who had a daughter and two sons. It is the daughter's lineage that created Ovambo people, according to the traditional beliefs of the matrilineal Ovambo people.
512:
surrounded by a fence of large vertical poles linked by two horizontal poles on each side. The complex is a maze with two gates but it is easy to get lost within the homestead. Each hut generally has a different purpose, such as a
462:
The Ovambo now predominantly follow
Christian theology, prayer rituals and festivities, but some of the traditional religious practices have continued, such as the use of ritual sacred fire. They also invoke their supreme creator
467:. Thus, the Ovamba have preferred a syncretic form of Christianity. Most weddings feature a combination of Christian beliefs and Ovambo traditions. Their traditional dancing is done to drumming (Oshiwambo folk music).
238:
416:
The traditional religion of the Ovambo people is the primary faith of less than 3%, as most state
Christianity to be their primary faith. The Ovambo's traditional religion envisions a supreme being named
1927:
1752:
1582:
Unsere Ovambo-Mission sowie Land, Leute, Religion, Sitten, GebrÀuche, Sprache usw. der Ovakuånjama-Ovåmbo, nach
Mitteilungen unserer Ovambo-Missionare zusammengestellt
40:
387:
farmers in the north. However, because of labor shortage in the Police Zone and South Africa, in part because of massacre of native Africans such as through the
610:
and many more; only those who belong to this family by birth, through the maternal line, have a claim to chieftainship. The tribes figure their descent by a
524:
The Ovambo people lead a settled life, relying mostly on a combination of agriculture and animal husbandry. The staple crops have been millet and sorghum (
631:. It is distilled from fermented fruit mash and particularly popular in rural areas. The fruit to produce ombike are collected from makalani palms (
1920:
382:
The South African administration in Namibia continued the so-called "Police Zone" in south, a region created by the Germans with a veterinary
1745:
1510:
1468:
1441:
1379:
1314:
1287:
1248:
1179:
1152:
1112:
1070:
1043:
669:, a Namibian English-language daily newspaper, reported that clothes, shoes, and tyres have been found to have been brewed as ingredients of
586:
who is responsible for the tribe. Many tribes adapted representation by having a council of headmen who run tribal affairs. Members of the
451:
391:, the South African government allowed migrant wage labor. Numerous Ovambo people became migrant laborers in South African towns such as
480:
1306:
Traders and Trade in Colonial Ovamboland: Elite Formation and the Politics of Consumption under Indirect Rule and Apartheid, 1925-1990
1279:
Traders and Trade in Colonial Ovamboland: Elite Formation and the Politics of Consumption under Indirect Rule and Apartheid, 1925-1990
376:
1688:
The native tribes of South-West Africa : The Ovambo - The Berg Damara - The bushmen of South West Africa - The Nama - The Herero
2237:
1913:
1674:
1660:
1631:
1609:
2242:
1738:
1212:
986:
2199:
681:
The following table contains the names, areas, dialect names and the locations of the Ovambo according to T. E. Tirronen's
571:) hunting for their tusks to supply the ivory demand, and they nearly hunted the elephants in their region to extinction.
1695:
The Ovambo sermon : a study of the preaching of the Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church in South West Africa
1595:
Bibliographie deutschsprachiger Literatur zur Ethnographie und Geschichte der Ovambo, Nordnamibia, 1840â1915, annotiert
949:, CIA Factbook, United States; "about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe", total population: 2.4 million
388:
2189:
364:
1590:
454:
arrived in Ovamboland in the 1870s, and Ovambo predominantly converted and thereof have identified themselves as
1330:
Harding, J. R. (1968). "Interpreting the 'White Lady' Rock-Painting of South West Africa: Some Considerations".
1867:
421:, with their rites and rituals centered around sacred fire like many ethnic groups in southwestern Africa. The
231:
899:
1936:
1761:
639:
395:
and in the Police Zone, where they experienced segregation and lived under highly restrained human rights.
2232:
2227:
2204:
2247:
368:
322:, sometimes referred to as Ovamboland. These plains are generally flat, stoneless and at high altitude.
302:
363:
The Germans focused on the southern and coastal regions. After World War I, Namibia was annexed by the
1777:
690:
135:
659:, with additives like sugar, is also brewed and consumed in urban areas. This liquor is then called
287:. In Angola, they are a minority, accounting for about two percent of the total Angolan population.
1857:
633:
119:
2103:
822:
1702:
The Ovambo Reserve Otjeru (1911â1938) : the story of an African community in Central Namibia
1412:
1347:
645:
532:) are another popular crop. In drier regions or seasons, pastoral activity with herds of cattle (
383:
279:, where they are more commonly referred to as "Ambo". The Ovambo consist of a number of kindred
1944:
1670:
1656:
1627:
1605:
1506:
1464:
1437:
1375:
1310:
1283:
1244:
1175:
1169:
1148:
1142:
1108:
1102:
1066:
1039:
1033:
665:
372:
1500:
2194:
1725:
1458:
1404:
1369:
1339:
1277:
1060:
946:
622:
614:
kinship system, with hereditary chiefs arising from the daughter's children, not the son's.
553:
115:
1619:, Munger Africana Library, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena (Cal.), 1973, 32 p.
857:
2176:
2153:
2040:
1862:
315:
276:
198:
111:
1984:
1802:
489:
290:
There are about 2 million people of the Ovambo ethnic group, and they are predominantly
2166:
2134:
1852:
1827:
1711:, Instituto Superior de CiĂȘncias Sociais e PolĂticas, Lisbon, 1994, 311 p. (thesis, in
651:
509:
438:
403:
movement, Namibia and its Ovambo people gained independence from South Africa in 1990.
399:
appointed chief minister of Ovamboland was assassinated. In conjunction with the armed
356:
352:
2221:
2139:
2129:
2119:
2045:
2035:
2022:
2013:
1994:
1966:
1872:
1832:
1822:
1807:
1787:
1782:
923:
908:
348:
260:
155:
151:
2030:
1889:
1817:
1797:
1792:
913:
587:
583:
280:
1527:
1431:
1304:
1238:
450:
Christianity arrived among the Ovambo people in the late 19th century. The first
2124:
2093:
1961:
1884:
1812:
918:
790:
611:
455:
291:
131:
1263:
1019:
964:
574:
2088:
2083:
1976:
885:
838:
774:
751:
686:
284:
211:
1572:
Ovambo : FĂŒnfzehn Jahre unter Kaffern, Buschleuten und BezirksamtmĂ€nnern
1194:
2184:
2078:
1842:
806:
443:
392:
147:
1989:
1905:
255:(Ndonga, Nghandjera, Kwambi, Kwaluudhi, Kolonghadhi, Mbalantu, mbadja), or
1730:
1198:
2098:
1999:
1953:
1879:
1639:
The medical culture of the Ovambo of Southern Angola and Northern Namibia
1486:
The rituals and dances of Namibia:Historical background and manifestation
758:
615:
1772:
1351:
873:
739:
330:
311:
268:
264:
75:
17:
1416:
2161:
2073:
1604:, University of Stockholm, Almquist & Wiksell, 1982, 166 p.
850:
685:
The table also contains information concerning the classification of
319:
272:
95:
1343:
1408:
2055:
1894:
1597:, Staatliches Museum fĂŒr Völkerkunde Dresden, Dresde, 1986, 261 p.
573:
564:). Their food is supplemented by hunting, fishing, and gathering.
437:
400:
310:
The Ovambo people reside in the flat sandy grassy plains of north
301:
1488:. University of Namibia Libraries: UNAM Repositories. p. 13.
1101:
Victor L. Tonchi; William A. Lindeke; John J. Grotpeter (2012).
505:
1909:
1734:
1669:, Finnish Anthropological Society, Helsinki, 1993, 234 p.
1655:, Finnish Anthropological Society, Helsinki, 1986, 178 p.
2050:
1847:
1626:, University Press of America, Lanham, Md., 2001, 350 p.
329:, irrigate the area. In the northern regions of Ovamboland is
1282:. Basler Africa Bibliographien. pp. viiiâix, xxiiâxxiv.
567:
During the colonial era, the Ovambo were active in elephant (
1035:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
898:
965:"The Ambo, Ndonga people group are reported in 2 countries"
618:
is accepted, with the first wife recognized as the senior.
1697:, Luther-Agricola Society, Tampere (Finland), 1971, 173 p.
1144:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
263:
ethnic group native to Southern Africa, primarily modern
1602:
The Kalunga concept in Ovambo religion from 1870 onwards
498:
Huts of the Ovambo people, and their artwork (right).
1502:
The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary
283:
ethnic tribes who inhabit what was formerly called
2175:
2152:
2112:
2064:
2021:
2012:
1975:
1952:
1943:
1683:, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki, 1970, 356 p.
430:representative of the Ovambo tribe to the deities.
207:
194:
181:
170:
165:
141:
125:
105:
85:
65:
60:
50:
1704:, Basler Afrika Bibliographien, BĂąle, 2006, 22 p.
1641:, University of Kent at Canterbury, 1993 (thesis)
1555:Oshinyanyangidho shongeleki ELCIN. Oniipa, 1986.
1363:
1361:
1309:. Basler Afrika Bibliographien. pp. 49â58.
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
959:
957:
955:
1646:A history of the Ovambo of Namibia, c 1880-1935
1395:Loeb, Edwin M. (1955). "Kuanyama Ambo Magic".
267:. They are the single largest ethnic group in
1921:
1746:
1528:"Namibia: Ombike - a Potent Traditional Brew"
1243:. Oxford University Press. pp. 637â638.
663:; it is more potent and sometimes poisonous.
351:found in more southern parts of Namibia, and
8:
33:
1403:(269). American Folklore Society: 291â311.
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
2018:
1949:
1928:
1914:
1906:
1753:
1739:
1731:
1237:Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010).
1213:"A guide to the Aawambo people of Namibia"
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
987:"A guide to the Aawambo people of Namibia"
849:Northern and Eastern Ovamboland, Southern
81:~1.3 million (49.5% of Namibia population)
39:
32:
1709:Os ambĂłs de Angola antes da independĂȘncia
1332:The South African Archaeological Bulletin
942:
940:
938:
1648:, University of Cambridge, 1992 (thesis)
1624:Ovambo politics in the twentieth century
1617:The Ovambo : our problems and hopes
695:
627:Ovambo brew a traditional liquor called
1690:, Cape Times Ltd., Le Cap, 1928, 211 p.
1168:Molefi Kete Asante; Ama Mazama (2008).
934:
1681:Ovambo proverbs with African parallels
1433:A History of Water: The world of water
560:), but primarily as a source of milk (
517:(the woman of the homestead's hut) or
162:
868:Western Ovamboland, Epalela vicinity
230:
7:
306:Ovambo people distribution (approx).
61:Regions with significant populations
45:Ovambo men in the early 20th century
1526:Shaanika, Helvy (26 October 2012).
1211:Kaakunga, Rukee (15 October 2018).
985:Kaakunga, Rukee (15 October 2018).
582:Each Ovambo tribe had a hereditary
1374:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 9â10, 44â45.
1201:, A language of Angola, Ethnologue
1174:. SAGE Publications. p. 717.
294:(97%) and traditional faith (3%).
25:
1574:, A. Scherl, Berlin, 1927, 257 p.
649:), bird plumes and cluster figs (
355:to their east settled around the
1653:Witchcraft and sorcery in Ovambo
1484:Tsoubaloko, Francois H. (2013).
1436:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 453â461.
1397:The Journal of American Folklore
1171:Encyclopedia of African Religion
1104:Historical Dictionary of Namibia
488:
479:
88:
68:
1107:. Scarecrow. pp. 330â331.
590:of the Owamboland are known as
578:Grasslands in rural Ovamboland.
1460:Culture and Customs of Namibia
1371:Culture and Customs of Namibia
1038:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 235â236.
552:) becomes more important. The
373:Territory of South West Africa
1:
1062:Culture and Customs of Angola
27:Bantu ethnic group in Namibia
1264:Police Zone, Historical Area
769:Central Ovamboland Oshakati
1499:James Stuart Olson (1996).
1463:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 9â10.
947:Namibia: People and Society
389:Herero and Namaqua genocide
2264:
1686:Carl Hugo Linsingen Hahn,
1553:Ndonga-English Dictionary.
683:Ndonga-English Dictionary.
620:
1768:
1707:Ramiro Ladeiro Monteiro,
1505:. Greenwood. p. 26.
1266:, Encyclopedia Britannica
1197:, A language of Namibia;
1147:. Infobase. p. 530.
1022:, EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
707:
704:
701:
698:
146:
130:
110:
55:
38:
2238:Ethnic groups in Namibia
1937:Ethnic groups in Namibia
1593:& Heinz Schippling,
1065:. Greenwood. p. 7.
1059:Adebayo Oyebade (2007).
365:South African government
325:Water courses, known as
2243:Ethnic groups in Angola
1762:Ethnic groups in Angola
1726:Language Map of Namibia
640:Diospyros mespiliformis
1457:Anene Ejikeme (2011).
1368:Anene Ejikeme (2011).
1303:Gregor Dobler (2014).
1276:Gregor Dobler (2014).
1240:Encyclopedia of Africa
1032:John A. Shoup (2011).
904:
579:
447:
307:
1584:, Barmen, 1900, 76 p.
1551:Toivo Emil Tirronen:
1141:Jamie Stokes (2009).
902:
621:Further information:
577:
442:A Lutheran church in
441:
369:Union of South Africa
305:
142:Related ethnic groups
1667:Good magic in Ovambo
1430:Terje Tvedt (2006).
691:Proto-Bantu language
452:Finnish missionaries
412:Traditional religion
136:Traditional religion
833:Western Ovamboland
817:Western Ovamboland
801:Western Ovamboland
785:Central Ovamboland
643:), buffalo thorns (
637:), jackal berries (
634:Hyphaene petersiana
471:Society and culture
377:Union Defence Force
35:
1700:Giorgio Miescher,
1615:Leonard N. Auala,
905:
903:Flag of Ovamboland
646:Ziziphus mucronata
580:
448:
308:
259:(Kwanyama), are a
2213:
2212:
2148:
2147:
2008:
2007:
1903:
1902:
1622:Allan D. Cooper,
1532:New Era Newspaper
1512:978-0-313-27918-8
1470:978-0-313-35891-3
1443:978-1-85043-447-4
1381:978-0-313-35891-3
1316:978-3-905758-40-5
1289:978-3-905758-40-5
1250:978-0-19-533770-9
1181:978-1-5063-1786-1
1154:978-1-4381-2676-0
1114:978-0-8108-7990-4
1072:978-0-313-33147-3
1045:978-1-59884-362-0
892:
891:
884:Southern Angola,
693:for these words.
556:is not for meat (
220:
219:
161:
160:
16:(Redirected from
2255:
2019:
1950:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1732:
1714:
1665:Maija Hiltunen,
1651:Maija Hiltunen,
1644:Patricia Hayes,
1637:Gwyneth Davies,
1591:Wolfgang Liedtke
1589:
1580:P. H. Brincker,
1579:
1570:Karl Angebauer,
1569:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1138:
1119:
1118:
1098:
1077:
1076:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
961:
950:
944:
732:(*ki > oshi-)
716:(*ny > on-),
696:
623:Olufuko Festival
554:animal husbandry
521:(kitchen area).
508:is a complex of
504:The traditional
492:
483:
242:
241:
240:
234:
232:[ovambo]
229:
163:
98:
94:
92:
91:
78:
74:
72:
71:
51:Total population
43:
36:
21:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2171:
2144:
2108:
2060:
2004:
1971:
1939:
1934:
1904:
1899:
1764:
1759:
1722:
1713:(in Portuguese)
1712:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1344:10.2307/3887746
1329:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1139:
1122:
1115:
1100:
1099:
1080:
1073:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1005:
995:
993:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
963:
962:
953:
945:
936:
932:
897:
830:Oshi-kolonkadhi
679:
625:
502:
501:
500:
499:
495:
494:
493:
485:
484:
473:
436:
414:
409:
344:
316:Cunene Province
300:
243:), also called
237:
236:
235:
227:
89:
87:
86:
69:
67:
66:
46:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2167:Cape Coloureds
2164:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1853:White Angolans
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
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1222:23 September
1220:. Retrieved
1217:Culture trip
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996:24 September
994:. Retrieved
991:Culture trip
990:
980:
968:. Retrieved
914:Himba people
843:Ova-kwanyama
795:Aa-kwaluudhi
791:Uu-kwaluudhi
779:Aa-ngandjera
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298:Demographics
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275:province of
256:
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186:
185:
174:
30:Ethnic group
2094:Uukwaluudhi
1588:(in German)
1578:(in German)
1568:(in German)
1020:Ambo people
970:25 December
919:Nama people
881:Oshi-mbadja
839:Ou-kwanyama
811:Aa-mbalanhu
766:Oshi-kwambi
747:Oshi-ndonga
612:matrilineal
604:ovakwaanime
132:Lutheranism
2222:Categories
2205:Portuguese
2125:Caprivians
2089:Oukwanyama
2084:Ongandjera
1945:Indigenous
1858:Portuguese
930:References
886:Shangalala
878:Ova-mbadja
807:O-mbalanhu
775:O-ngadjera
752:Ovamboland
726:(*wa-, a-)
687:noun class
608:aakwanyoka
540:), goats (
285:Ovamboland
228:pronounced
154:and other
120:Portuguese
56:~2 million
2185:Afrikaner
2154:Coloureds
2079:Ombalantu
1873:Afrikaner
1868:Norwegian
1843:Ovimbundu
1778:Brazilian
1199:Oshiwambo
865:Oshi-unda
763:Aa-kwambi
759:Uu-kwambi
750:Southern
744:Aa-ndonga
720:(uu-/ou-)
714:Classes 9
708:Location
546:onakamela
526:iilyavala
444:Ongwediva
393:Cape Town
367:into the
318:in south
215:vamboland
148:Ovimbundu
106:Languages
2135:Kavangos
2099:Uukwambi
2041:Mbanderu
2000:Ncoakhoe
1954:Khoekhoe
1880:Xindonga
895:See also
874:O-mbadja
862:Ova-unda
740:O-ndonga
705:Dialect
616:Polygyny
562:omashini
558:ombelela
530:omakunde
456:Lutheran
407:Religion
384:Red Line
331:tropical
314:and the
292:Lutheran
257:Ovawambo
195:Language
126:Religion
2190:British
1828:Mucubal
1773:Ambundu
1352:3887746
888:region
730:Class 7
724:Class 2
689:of the
666:New Era
569:eenjaba
542:iikombo
534:eengobe
515:Ondjugo
465:Kalunga
423:Kalunga
419:Kalunga
371:as the
342:History
327:oshanas
312:Namibia
273:Angolan
269:Namibia
265:Namibia
253:Aawambo
245:Aawambo
208:Country
116:English
101:650,000
76:Namibia
18:Ovambos
2200:Jewish
2195:German
2177:Whites
2162:Baster
2140:Tswana
2130:Mbadja
2120:Damara
2074:Ndonga
2066:Ovambo
2046:Tjimba
2036:Herero
2023:Herero
1990:HaiÇom
1967:Oorlam
1863:German
1838:Ovambo
1823:Mbunda
1808:Lovale
1788:Herero
1783:Chokwe
1673:
1659:
1630:
1608:
1537:26 May
1509:
1467:
1440:
1417:536908
1415:
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1195:Ndonga
1178:
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1111:
1069:
1042:
858:E-unda
851:Angola
657:Ombike
629:ombike
320:Angola
277:Cunene
182:People
171:Person
166:Ovambo
152:Herero
112:Ovambo
96:Angola
93:
73:
34:Ovambo
2113:Other
2056:Zemba
2031:Himba
1985:!Kung
1895:Zemba
1890:Yombe
1818:Lunda
1803:ÇKung
1798:Kongo
1793:Himba
1413:JSTOR
1348:JSTOR
702:Clan
699:Area
584:chief
519:Epata
401:SWAPO
281:Bantu
261:Bantu
202:wambo
177:wambo
1995:Kxoe
1962:Nama
1885:Yaka
1833:Roma
1813:Lozi
1671:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1628:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1539:2020
1507:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1224:2021
1176:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1040:ISBN
998:2021
972:2014
550:eedi
510:huts
506:home
249:Ambo
222:The
200:Oshi
189:ambo
2051:Twa
1977:San
1848:Twa
1405:doi
1340:doi
655:).
175:Omu
2224::
1530:.
1411:.
1401:68
1399:.
1360:^
1346:.
1336:23
1334:.
1215:.
1123:^
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1006:^
989:.
954:^
937:^
718:11
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1117:.
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1000:.
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544:/
536:/
446:.
226:(
213:O
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
