195:, and resisted missionary activities. The Palikur were also embroiled in the protracted colonial rivalry between Portugal and France for control of the region, extending south of Ile de Cayenne (French Guiana) into what today constitutes the Brazilian state of Amapá. A Portuguese expedition of the late 18th century burned all Indian villages in the territory, which was then under French influence, and deported the Palikur, who had become allies with the French, into the interior of Brazil. Consequently, the Palikur remained isolated for much of the next century. After Amapá was finally conceded to Brazil in 1900, some 200 to 300 Palikur chose to move from Brazil to French Guiana, where they had long enjoyed good relations with the Créole population.
226:
2097:
815:
265:
85:
62:
249:
323:
295:
281:
233:
309:
34:
485:
trees, are also cultivated. Commercial relations between the
Palikur and the Europeans began to intensify in the early 18th century; river and forest products were exchanged for tools, harpoons, clothes and glass beads. Until the end of the 19th century the main commercial surplus was roasted
206:. In the early 1960s, a community schism following a shamanic war caused part of the Brazilian Palikur community to relocate to French Guiana. Successive waves of migrants have continued to replenish the French Guianese Palikur community. Not until the late 1960s, with the creation of
202:(SPI) installed a Nationalization Service in the area with the purpose of integrating the natives, but with limited success. As an example, the Palikur elders refused schooling to their people because they perceived it as a form of
162:
The
Palikur people are also known as the Paricuria, Paricores, Palincur, Parikurene, Parinkur-Iéne, Païkwené, Pa'ikwené, Aricours, Aukuyene, Karipúna-Palikúr, Palicur, Palijur, Palikour, Paricura, Paricuri, or Parucuria people.
2018:
497:
skins took place, until the alligator population was depleted. The
Palikur manufacture objects of wood, bone, feathers, and cotton seed. They are also regionally famous for their basket-ware. Shotguns for
2186:
803:
2011:
183:. By the middle of the 17th century there was an estimated 1,200 Palikur population, of which were 400 bowmen, about one third of their total population living between the
2004:
198:
Prejudice against indigenous peoples of Brazil was strong among non-natives. The
Palikur had not forgotten their ancestors' enslavement by the Portuguese. In 1942 the
154:, is Arawak-speaking and socially organized in clans. In 2015, the estimated population was 2,300 people of which 1,400 lived in Brazil and 900 in French Guiana.
2181:
796:
2171:
781:
2176:
789:
506:
lines are being widely used at the present. In French Guiana particularly, a growing number of
Palikur are engaging in the market-economy.
2039:
199:
770:
Françoise and Pierre
Grenand 1987 La Cote d'Amapa, de la bouche de l'Amazone å la baie d'Oyapock å travers la tradition orale palikur.
370:. Other settlements in Brazil are Kuahi, Ywawka, Flecha, Mangue 1, Mangue 2, Tawari, Amomni, Kwikwit, Pwaytyeket, Kamuywa, and Urubu.
338:
765:
569:"The Palikur Potters: an ethnoarchaeological case study on the Palikur pottery tradition in French-Guiana and Amapá, Brazil"
2027:
819:
382:
271:
225:
2140:
1578:
1187:
930:
180:
2150:
2145:
1867:
1427:
568:
264:
1281:
1108:
105:
1925:
414:
248:
110:
1493:
1197:
394:
1943:
1863:
910:
837:
378:
360:
255:
2111:
1656:
1270:
422:
410:
176:
17:
1801:
1651:
1915:
1751:
1746:
1681:
1207:
1202:
342:
Location of the
Palikur settlements on the map of Amapá, Brazil. Green are minority settlements.
184:
179:
ever encountered by
Europeans. As early as 1507 their name was recorded by the Spanish explorer
146:
and in French Guiana, particularly in the south-eastern border region, on the north bank of the
2064:
1887:
1879:
1814:
1716:
1646:
1518:
1508:
1378:
761:
646:
356:
1513:
449:, roasted, or used for the preparation of flat cakes and beer, is the main cultivated plant.
1951:
1905:
1736:
1726:
1706:
1626:
1621:
1536:
1447:
1260:
1217:
1146:
1078:
1043:
699:
636:
626:
531:
2116:
1996:
1977:
1956:
1731:
1676:
1470:
1340:
774:
3 (1):1-77; Alan Passes 2004 The
Gathering of the Clans: The Making of the Palikur Naoné.
418:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1661:
1598:
1161:
417:
is used as the common language between tribes or with the local population. Knowledge of
425:
is common. Palikúr is considered endangered in French Guiana, and vulnerable in Brazil.
2086:
2076:
2047:
1824:
1776:
1741:
1696:
1636:
1330:
1307:
1227:
1093:
1058:
1038:
1013:
748:
641:
450:
211:
126:
2096:
691:
664:
308:
2165:
2126:
2069:
2059:
2031:
1961:
1839:
1761:
1756:
1721:
1701:
1671:
1666:
1554:
1498:
1475:
1465:
1151:
1113:
1083:
1003:
978:
905:
900:
872:
611:
374:
348:
147:
90:
1897:
1771:
1297:
983:
973:
849:
442:
188:
172:
862:
585:
2081:
1613:
1485:
1393:
1360:
1276:
1252:
1222:
1088:
1048:
1033:
993:
963:
882:
867:
551:
704:
1781:
1711:
1546:
1528:
1398:
1167:
1141:
1123:
943:
857:
631:
1312:
1242:
1809:
1503:
1370:
1350:
1292:
1192:
1028:
877:
494:
454:
1910:
1686:
1603:
1383:
1177:
1156:
1023:
948:
650:
386:
367:
329:
322:
239:
232:
2131:
1786:
1590:
1457:
1388:
1355:
1287:
1212:
1118:
1068:
1063:
988:
958:
938:
892:
458:
143:
71:
1933:
1791:
1766:
1403:
1335:
1322:
1265:
1232:
1133:
1098:
1053:
968:
920:
574:. Cayenne: Institute National de Recherches Archéologiques. p. 41.
503:
499:
474:
470:
438:
434:
398:
294:
203:
122:
33:
719:
214:, did the Palikur became more responsive to the Brazilian government.
2052:
1691:
1641:
1302:
1237:
1182:
1172:
1103:
1073:
1008:
998:
953:
823:
814:
612:"Palikur traditional roundwood construction in eastern French Guiana"
487:
482:
478:
466:
462:
446:
280:
192:
139:
67:
2121:
1631:
1439:
1345:
1018:
490:
390:
352:
207:
473:, which the Palikur have adopted from the Europeans, along with
2000:
1860:
1575:
1424:
834:
785:
138:
are an indigenous people located in the riverine areas of the
355:
demarked a common area of 5181 km for the
Palikur, the
191:
rivers. They were engaged in a century-long war with the
351:
is their ancestral territory. Between 1982 and 1991
2104:
2038:
1970:
1942:
1924:
1896:
1878:
1800:
1612:
1589:
1545:
1527:
1484:
1456:
1438:
1369:
1321:
1251:
1132:
929:
891:
848:
171:The location of the Palikur near the mouths of the
116:
99:
81:
58:
53:
43:
493:. In the 1940s and 1950s an intense commerce with
692:"Mapping in the Oiapoque Indigenous Territories"
373:The Palikur in French Guiana mainly live on the
760:. Volume 7: South America. Boston: G. K. Hall.
2187:Ethnic groups divided by international borders
2012:
797:
433:The Palikur subsist largely on bow and arrow
397:, and the neighbourhood of l’îlet Malouin in
8:
26:
756:Wilbert, Johannes; Levinson, David (1994).
2019:
2005:
1997:
1875:
1857:
1586:
1572:
1435:
1421:
845:
831:
804:
790:
782:
532:"Documentation of Palikur Arawak language"
32:
25:
703:
640:
630:
619:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
413:, both on the Brazilian and French side,
772:Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi
690:Rosélis Remor de Souza Mazurek (2016).
547:
545:
515:
38:Traditional dance of the Palikur (2019)
366:The main settlement of the Palikur is
525:
523:
521:
519:
7:
385:. A part of the population moved to
54:Regions with significant populations
2182:Indigenous peoples in French Guiana
200:Brazilian Indian Protection Service
210:, and as they began converting to
14:
2095:
813:
321:
307:
293:
279:
263:
247:
231:
224:
83:
60:
530:Elissandra (26 November 2015).
2172:Ethnic groups in French Guiana
758:Encyclopedia of World Cultures
1:
2177:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
567:Martijn van den Bel (2009).
175:made them one of the first
2203:
1862:Indigenous peoples of the
1577:Indigenous peoples of the
1426:Indigenous peoples of the
836:Indigenous peoples of the
705:10.4000/ethnoecologie.2701
536:University of Pennsylvania
15:
2093:
1874:
1856:
1585:
1571:
1434:
1420:
844:
830:
632:10.1186/s13002-018-0226-7
555:Povos Indígenas no Brasil
409:The main language is the
150:. The Palikur Nation, or
121:
104:
48:
31:
610:Clémence Ogeron (2018).
552:"Palikur: Introduction."
502:and harpoons and cotton
381:, and the main town of
2028:Ancestry and ethnicity
557:(retrieved 4 Dec 2011)
415:French Guianese Creole
256:Trois Palétuviers
111:French Guianese Creole
16:For the language, see
696:Revue d'ethnoécologie
669:Populations de Guyane
347:The area around the
339:class=notpageimage|
181:Vicente Yañez Pinzón
125:(traditionally) and
1579:Central-West Region
28:
1802:Mato Grosso do Sul
820:Indigenous peoples
437:, supplemented by
377:in the village of
272:Saint Georges
106:Pa’ikwaki language
2159:
2158:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1868:Southeast Regions
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
393:, Lamirande near
379:Trois-Palétuviers
361:Karipuna do Amapá
132:
131:
2194:
2099:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1876:
1858:
1587:
1573:
1436:
1428:Northeast Region
1422:
846:
832:
818:
817:
806:
799:
792:
783:
736:
735:
733:
731:
716:
710:
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681:
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678:
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661:
655:
654:
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616:
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558:
549:
540:
539:
527:
411:Palikúr language
325:
311:
297:
283:
267:
251:
235:
228:
177:Amazonian tribes
89:
87:
86:
66:
64:
63:
49:ca. 2,300 (2015)
44:Total population
36:
29:
18:Palikúr language
2202:
2201:
2197:
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2195:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2100:
2091:
2034:
2025:
1995:
1982:
1966:
1938:
1920:
1892:
1870:
1844:
1796:
1608:
1581:
1559:
1541:
1523:
1480:
1452:
1430:
1408:
1365:
1317:
1247:
1128:
925:
887:
840:
826:
812:
810:
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740:
739:
729:
727:
718:
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713:
689:
688:
684:
674:
672:
663:
662:
658:
614:
609:
608:
604:
594:
592:
590:Socio Ambiental
584:
583:
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571:
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169:
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109:
84:
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61:
59:
39:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2108:
2106:
2105:Non-Indigenous
2102:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1926:Santa Catarina
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1880:Espírito Santo
1872:
1871:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:Guarani-Kaiowá
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Kĩsêdjê (Suyá)
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1519:Gavião-Pykobjê
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1308:Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
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1165:
1159:
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1096:
1091:
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1051:
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1041:
1036:
1031:
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996:
991:
986:
981:
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961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
935:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
897:
895:
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888:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
854:
852:
842:
841:
835:
828:
827:
811:
809:
808:
801:
794:
786:
780:
779:
778:51(2): 257–93.
768:
754:
751:Ethnologue.com
744:
741:
738:
737:
711:
682:
656:
602:
577:
559:
541:
514:
513:
511:
508:
451:Sweet potatoes
430:
427:
406:
403:
337:
336:
328:
327:
320:
319:
314:
313:
306:
305:
300:
299:
292:
291:
286:
285:
278:
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270:
269:
262:
261:
254:
253:
246:
245:
238:
237:
230:
229:
223:
222:
221:
219:
216:
212:Pentecostalism
168:
165:
159:
156:
130:
129:
127:Pentecostalism
119:
118:
114:
113:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
79:
78:
75:
56:
55:
51:
50:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2032:French Guiana
2029:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
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1841:
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1828:
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1818:
1816:
1813:
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1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
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1790:
1788:
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1778:
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1768:
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1760:
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1728:
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1605:
1602:
1600:
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1534:
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1520:
1517:
1515:
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1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
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1109:White Indians
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766:0-8161-1813-2
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383:Saint-Georges
380:
376:
375:Oyapock River
371:
369:
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358:
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350:
349:Urucaua River
340:
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148:Oyapock River
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91:French Guiana
80:
76:
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69:
57:
52:
47:
42:
35:
30:
19:
1898:Minas Gerais
1657:Enawene Nawe
1599:Avá-Canoeiro
1208:Suruí (Pará)
915:
838:North Region
776:Ethnohistory
775:
771:
757:
750:
728:. Retrieved
723:
720:"Le palikur"
714:
695:
685:
673:. Retrieved
668:
659:
622:
618:
605:
593:. Retrieved
589:
580:
562:
554:
535:
443:horticulture
432:
408:
372:
365:
346:
197:
170:
161:
151:
135:
133:
23:Ethnic group
1652:Cinta Larga
1614:Mato Grosso
1277:Cinta Larga
1049:Pira-tapuya
1039:Parintintín
749:Palikur on
726:(in French)
671:(in French)
357:Uaçá Galibi
218:Settlements
2166:Categories
2040:Indigenous
1971:Widespread
1888:Tupiniquim
1782:Yawalapiti
1717:Nambikwara
1647:Chiquitano
1547:Pernambuco
1284:(Rondônia)
1273:(Rondônia)
743:References
423:Portuguese
359:, and the
2141:Brazilian
1944:São Paulo
1810:Chamacoco
1737:Rikbaktsa
1707:Munduruku
1537:Potiguara
1504:Guajajara
1494:Awá-Guajá
1371:Tocantins
1351:Wapishana
1293:Karitiana
1198:Parkatêjê
1193:Munduruku
1188:Kỳikatêjê
1029:Munduruku
878:Machinere
863:Asháninka
665:"Palikur"
625:(1): 28.
586:"Palikur"
495:alligator
455:sugarcane
185:Cassiporé
142:state of
140:Brazilian
100:Languages
77:ca. 1,400
2151:Javanese
2132:Saramaka
1978:Kaingang
1957:Kaingang
1916:Xakriabá
1752:Tapirapé
1747:Tapayúna
1682:Kamayurá
1677:Kalapalo
1486:Maranhão
1471:Tabajara
1394:Tapirapé
1361:Ye'kuana
1356:Yanomami
1341:Patamona
1253:Rondônia
1223:Turiwára
1203:Parakanã
1119:Yanomami
1089:Turiwára
1069:Tenharim
989:Jamamadi
959:Barasana
939:Amahuaca
931:Amazonas
911:Karipuna
883:Yaminawá
868:Kaxinawá
730:27 March
724:Sorosoro
675:27 March
651:29690891
595:27 March
405:Language
117:Religion
2117:Maroons
2112:African
2087:Wayampi
2077:Palikur
2065:Kali'na
1934:Xokleng
1825:Kadiweu
1777:Xavante
1767:Umutina
1712:Nahukuá
1697:Kuikuro
1637:Bakairi
1529:Paraíba
1514:Krĩkatí
1509:Ka'apor
1404:Xerente
1399:Xambioá
1379:Apinajé
1336:Macushi
1331:Akawaio
1323:Roraima
1266:Akuntsu
1233:Wayampi
1228:Wai-wai
1168:Araweté
1142:Amanayé
1124:Zuruahã
1099:Wayampi
1094:Wai-wai
1059:Tariana
1054:Siriano
969:Cambeba
944:Apurinã
921:Wayampi
916:Palikur
858:Apurinã
642:5916587
504:fishing
500:hunting
475:mangoes
471:papayas
459:peppers
439:hunting
435:fishing
429:Economy
399:Cayenne
301:Kamuywa
204:slavery
167:History
136:Palikur
123:Animism
95:ca. 900
27:Palikur
2146:Indian
2127:Ndyuka
2070:Wayana
2053:Lokono
2048:Arawak
1962:Terena
1952:Aimoré
1911:Kaxixó
1906:Aimoré
1840:Terena
1762:Trumai
1757:Terena
1732:Paresi
1727:Panará
1722:Paiter
1702:Matipu
1692:Kayapo
1687:Karajá
1672:Kaiabi
1667:Ikpeng
1642:Bororo
1627:Apiacá
1622:Aimoré
1604:Karajá
1555:Xukuru
1499:Canela
1476:Tapeba
1466:Kiriri
1448:Pataxó
1384:Karajá
1303:Paiter
1282:Gavião
1261:Aikanã
1238:Wayana
1218:Tiriyó
1183:Kayapo
1178:Karajá
1173:Atikum
1164:(Pará)
1157:Apiacá
1152:Aparai
1147:Anambé
1114:Witoto
1104:Wayana
1084:Tucano
1079:Tiriyó
1074:Ticuna
1044:Pirahã
1024:Matsés
1009:Macuna
1004:Kulina
999:Korubo
954:Baniwa
949:Banawá
906:Kalina
901:Aparai
873:Kulina
824:Brazil
764:
649:
639:
488:manioc
483:citrus
481:, and
479:coffee
469:, and
467:cotton
463:gourds
447:Manioc
419:French
395:Balata
387:Régina
368:Kumenê
330:Régina
287:Flecha
240:Kumenê
193:Galibi
189:Maroni
173:Amazon
88:
68:Brazil
65:
2122:Aluku
2060:Carib
1864:South
1835:Ofayé
1830:Mbayá
1820:Guató
1787:Yudjá
1772:Wauja
1662:Guató
1632:Aweti
1591:Goiás
1458:Ceará
1440:Bahia
1389:Krahô
1346:Pemon
1313:Wari’
1298:Kwaza
1288:Kanoê
1271:Arara
1213:Tembé
1162:Arara
1064:Tembé
1019:Matis
984:Hupda
974:Cubeo
893:Amapá
698:(9).
615:(PDF)
572:(PDF)
510:Notes
491:flour
391:Roura
353:FUNAI
315:Urubu
208:FUNAI
158:Names
152:naoné
144:Amapá
72:Amapá
2082:Teko
1866:and
1792:Zoró
1243:Zo'é
1134:Pará
1034:Mura
1014:Mawé
994:Juma
964:Bora
850:Acre
762:ISBN
732:2021
677:2021
647:PMID
597:2021
441:and
421:and
187:and
134:The
2030:in
979:Dâw
822:of
700:doi
637:PMC
627:doi
2168::
722:.
694:.
667:.
645:.
635:.
623:14
621:.
617:.
588:.
544:^
534:.
518:^
477:,
465:,
461:,
457:,
453:,
445:.
401:.
389:,
363:.
2020:e
2013:t
2006:v
805:e
798:t
791:v
734:.
708:.
702::
679:.
653:.
629::
599:.
538:.
108:,
74:)
70:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
