5033:
1302:, copied in the 18th century, the Old Testament, Baptism, Penance, and the Eucharist are all accepted. Early modern Catholic reports of the Paulicians remaining in the Balkans claimed that they were iconoclasts, rejecting the veneration of images and the Cross, that they used fire rather than water in baptism, and that they had a relatively simple conception of priesthood. The practice of baptism by fire by Paulicians in the region before their conversion to Catholicism is corroborated by the contemporary English diplomat
747:
70:
4728:
1144:. By the mid-19th century the mainstream scholarly theory was that the sect was a non-Manichaean, dualistic Gnostic doctrine with substantial elements of Early Christianity closest to Marcionism, although others disputed this. Frederick Conybeare asserted that "The Paulicians are not dualists in any other sense than the New Testament is itself dualistic. Satan is simply the adversary of man and God".
5310:
734:, the reformed leader, was a zealous and effective converter for his sect; he boasted that he had spread his Gospel "from East to West; from North to South". Sergius succeeded in supplanting Baanes, the leader of the old party, by 801 and was active for the next thirty-four years. His activity was the occasion of renewed persecutions on the part of
629:
sect, however, and the earliest
Byzantine source to describe the movement explicitly distinguishes the "Paul of Samosata" supposed to have given the movement its name from the more famous heresiarch. Another possible source is Paul the Armenian, an otherwise obscure Paulician figure said to have led
1044:
but it is likely that their opponents employed these as pejorative appellations meant as terms of abuse, rather than as an accurate reflection of their beliefs. Controversies about the faith include disputes about their beliefs regarding the nature of God, the nature of Christ and their devotional
1079:
church in
Armenia. This text was first identified by Armenian ecclesiastical authorities in 1837 while tracing a group of dissidents led by Hovhannes Vartabedian; British Orientalist Frederick Conybeare published a translation and edition of it in 1898. the manuscript transmission of the
722:
is reported to have moved a significant number of
Paulicians from Eastern Anatolia to Thrace to strengthen the Bulgarian frontier, beginning the presence of the sect in Europe. Despite deportations and continued persecution the sect continued to grow, receiving additions from some of the
1187:
in
Armenia rather than dualist or Gnostic sects. Coynbeare's theory, part of a broader argument that Adoptionism represented the original form of Christianity that had subsequently been suppressed by the Catholic Church, met a skeptical reception at the time. In the 1960s, however,
2280:. Page xxxv Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare "The context implies that the Paulicians of Khnus had objected as against those who deified Jesus that a circumcised man could not be God. ... The word Trinity is nowhere used, and was almost certainly rejected as being unscriptural."
1858:
Dixon 2022, pp. 3–4: "Our earliest
Byzantine source against the heresy claims that they took their name from Paul, a resident of Samosata (Sumaysāṭ) ... however, immediately problematises the link with Paul , remarking that the Paulicians anathematise both him and
1270:
and refused all veneration of her. The sect's places of worship were apparently called "places of prayer" and were small rooms in modest houses and, despite their potential ascetic tendencies, made no distinction in foods and practiced marriage. Due to supposed
1182:
is nowhere used, and was almost certainly rejected as being unscriptural" and that
Paulicians believed that Christ came down from heaven to emancipate humans from the body and from the world. Conybeare also asserted that the movement were survivors of early
835:
had conquered the
Paulician strongholds in Asia Minor (including Tephrike) and the survivors from the destruction of the Paulician state were largely displaced. One group migrated east further into Armenia, where they were assimilated into the emerging
559:
After prolonged warfare, the state of
Tephrike was destroyed by the Byzantines in the 870s. Over the next century, some Paulicians migrated further into Armenia, while others were relocated by the imperial authorities to the Empire's Balkan frontier in
871:
The policy of transferring
Paulicians to the West proved to be harmful for the Byzantines, with the group bringing limited economic and military benefits for the empire's Balkan frontier. The sect also failed to assimilate with the orthodox
568:
over the next century. In Thrace, the sect continued practicing their faith for some time, in some places until the 17th–18th centuries, before gradually converting to other religions and are considered to be the ancestors of the modern
5032:
702:
The adherents of the sect fled, with their new leader Paul at their head, to
Episparis. He died in 715, leaving two sons, Gegnaesius (whom he had appointed his successor) and Theodore. The latter, giving out that he had received the
2641:
Herzog, "Paulicians," Philip Schaff, ed., A Religious Encyclopaedia or Dictionary of Biblical, Historical, Doctrinal, and Practical Theology, 3rd edn, Vol. 2. Toronto, New York & London: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1894.
604:
as "Romanists". The name 'Paulician' was used by outsiders to refer to the sect and literally means 'the followers of Paul'. The identity of the Paul for whom the movement was named is disputed. It is most likely to be
2897:
2144:
The Key of Truth, a Manual of the Paulician Church of Armenia, The Armenian Text, Edited and Translated with Illustrative Documents and Introduction by Fred. C. Conybeare, Formerly Fellow of University College
4767:
1123:
criticised the identification of Paulicians as Manichaeans, although he agreed both sects were dualistic he argued that the Paulicians differed on several points and undoubtedly rejected the doctrine of the
715:, was declared innocent of heresy and returned to Episparis, but, fearing danger, went with his adherents to Mananalis in Eastern Anatolia. His death (in 745) was the occasion of a division in the sect.
5515:
2227:
840:
sect throughout the 10th century. Others were transferred to the Western frontier of the empire, including a military detachment of some 20,000 Paulicians serving in Byzantine Italy under the general
3607:
2173:, which was discovered by FC Conybeare, translated from the Armenian,... It is a manual of 'Thondrakian' or Paulician teaching and practice, mutilated unfortunately by the removal of almost a ..."
1192:, in a comprehensive study of both Greek and Armenian sources, argued in support of a link to Adoptionism, and asserted that Paulicianism independently developed features of docetism and dualism.
1318:
which found expression through a theological movement. Garsoïan agreed that this assertion is supported by both Greek and Armenian sources, but held it only a limited description of the sect.
609:, a figure whom the Paulicians are consistently stated as according special veneration from the earliest sources up to their apparent extinction in the early modern period. Certain medieval
4760:
1084:
is traced to the late 18th century, historians to favor of bizantins how Anna Ohanjanyan have raised doubts over its background, suggesting that its composition was influenced by
765:, instituted a major persecution against the Paulicians throughout Asia Minor in which 100,000 adherents in Byzantine Armenia alone were said to have lost their lives or property.
3840:
1195:
In a paper presented to the Unitarian Christian Alliance Conference in 2022, Atlanta Bible College adjunct professor Sean Finnegan argued that the Armenian sect which produced
1199:, while nontrinitarian, did not hold an Adoptionist Christology. Evidence against an Adoptionist Christology includes an affirmation of the virgin birth in chapter 23 of
4753:
2820:
5474:
1215:
The Paulicians were said to have used a different canon of sacred texts from the orthodox Christian bible. Byzantine scholars claimed that the sect accepted the four
4716:
3070:
2971:
1104:
who is author and lord of the present visible world; and a Good Spirit who is the God of the future world. Dualist cosmologies were professed by the Near Eastern
1449:
Nersessian, Vrej (1998). The Tondrakian Movement: Religious Movements in the Armenian Church from the 4th to the 10th Centuries. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 13.
5347:
4404:
2981:
2914:
1032:
The Paulicians self-identified as Christians, but much about the nature of their beliefs is disputed. Their beliefs prompted Christian critics to brand them as
884:, by the end of 11th century Philippopolis and its surroundings were entirely inhabited by Paulicians and were being joined by new groups of Armenian migrants.
730:
In the late eighth century, the Paulicians suffered a schism and split into two groupings; the Baanites (the old party) and the Sergites (the reformed sect).
2929:
2924:
432:
1147:
The reports of Catholic missionaries working among the remaining Paulicians in the Balkans during the 16th–18th centuries do not reference dualist beliefs.
4005:
2991:
2966:
4356:
4339:
2996:
2976:
815:
to arrange for their exchange. His sojourn of nine months among the Paulicians gave him an opportunity to collect many facts, which he preserved in his
521:, with other scholars arguing that doctrinally the Paulicians were a largely conventional Christian reform movement unrelated to any of these currents.
4055:
3901:
3873:
3517:
3509:
2986:
2919:
4251:
3612:
1116:, and the sect's identification with dualism led the Paulicians to be traditionally labeled as Manichaeans and Marcionists by critics and scholars.
2301:"The Paulician Heresy: A Study of the Origin and Development of Paulicianism in Armenia and the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine Empire (Review)"
4780:
4100:
1886:
Nersessian, Vrej: The Tondrakian Movement, Princeton Theological Monograph Series, Pickwick Publications, Allison Park, Pennsylvania, 1948, p.51.
1877:
Nersessian, Vrej: The Tondrakian Movement, Princeton Theological Monograph Series, Pickwick Publications, Allison Park, Pennsylvania, 1948, p.53.
691:. Simeon, the court official who executed the order, was himself converted, and adopting the name Titus, became Constantine's successor. He was
4580:
4105:
1012:
of 1828–1829, communities whose practices were believed to be influenced by the Paulicians or Tondrakians could still be found in the part of
4504:
3264:
3257:
2813:
2403:
1843:
1720:
1065:
and, seemingly, a reworking of an account of their history composed by the Paulicians themselves. For some scholars, another major source is
863:), the emperor granted the group toleration to practice their faith unmolested. This marked the start of a revival for the sect in the West.
5242:
4115:
3403:
4256:
1171:. The identification with nontrinitarianism sometimes led the Paulicians to be labeled as Arians by critics and Adoptionists by scholars.
1053:
There are few sources for the beliefs of the Paulicians except for the reports of opponents and some Paulician material preserved in the
5397:
5007:
3247:
2694:
The Paulician Heresy. A Study in the Origin and Development of Paulicianism in Armenia and the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine Empire
2516:
The Paulician Heresy: A Study of the origin and development of Paulicianism in Armenia and the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine Empire
1712:
The Paulician heresy: a study of the origin and development of Paulicianism in Armenia and the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine empire
4585:
3998:
920:
some Paulicians, called "Publicani", were present in the Muslim armies although others were reported as assisting the Crusaders. When
553:
374:
2775:
1009:
552:. After a period of relative toleration, renewed Byzantine persecution in the mid 9th century prompted the Paulicians to establish a
5556:
5551:
5546:
5340:
4686:
3252:
2759:
Sunk in the…Gulf of Perdition’: The ‘Heretical’ Paulician and Tondrakian Movements in the Periphery of the Medieval Byzantine Empire
2758:
2625:
Sunk in the…Gulf of Perdition’: The ‘Heretical’ Paulician and Tondrakian Movements in the Periphery of the Medieval Byzantine Empire
2624:
2574:
2539:
2450:
Sunk in the…Gulf of Perdition’: The ‘Heretical’ Paulician and Tondrakian Movements in the Periphery of the Medieval Byzantine Empire
2449:
2211:
1773:
1587:
1484:
1454:
1159:(the belief that Jesus was not coeternal, coequal and indivisibly united in one being with God the Father and the Holy Spirit) and
981:
during the 16th or 17th century. At the end of the 17th century, these Roman Catholic descendants of Paulicians were living around
5262:
3749:
2806:
2475:
425:
5418:
2368:
309:
5219:
4721:
4543:
3075:
2843:
487:
379:
319:
1163:(the belief that Jesus only seemed to be human, and that his human form was an illusion). Nontrinitarian beliefs were held by
997:. After Bulgaria's liberation from Ottoman rule in 1878, a number of these Banat Bulgarians resettled in the northern part of
880:
inhabitants and are reported to have successfully converted many existing inhabitants of Thrace to their heresy. According to
5541:
5510:
5438:
4691:
4681:
4553:
4474:
4160:
3732:
3676:
3597:
3464:
2305:
1021:
179:
4292:
114:
104:
2776:
Leon Arpee. Armenian Paulicianism and the Key of Truth. The American Journal of Theology, Chicago, 1906, vol. £, p. 267-285
1136:
saw the sect as deriving from Marcionism, considering them as descendants of a dualistic sect reformed to become closer to
4776:
4548:
4538:
4453:
4208:
3993:
1379:
959:
758:
344:
5333:
4622:
4590:
4494:
4203:
4175:
3983:
3522:
1819:
400:
2300:
2183:
Ohanjanyan, A. M. (2011). "The Key of Truth and the Problem of the 'Neo-T'ondrakites' at the end of the 19th century".
1904:
Leon Arpee. A History of Armenian Christianity. The Armenian Missionary Association of America, New York, 1946, p. 107.
89:
5469:
5380:
5375:
5084:
4346:
3988:
3835:
3592:
3343:
2488:
1137:
1129:
949:
928:, on the contrary to the Greek inhabitants, they welcomed him as a liberator. In 1205, the Paulicians cooperated with
841:
418:
289:
194:
49:
2793:
977:
The remaining Thracian Paulicians who still practiced their original faith are said to have eventually converted to
803:('the goldenhand'), devastated many cities in the continued wars with the Byzantines; in 867, he advanced as far as
5385:
4666:
4612:
4351:
4223:
4213:
3913:
3793:
3671:
3602:
3490:
3459:
3302:
3242:
2558:
1964:
1613:
1518:
349:
259:
219:
5448:
5370:
4526:
4050:
3906:
3691:
3582:
3469:
2697:. Publications in Near and Middle East Studies. Columbia University, Series A 6. The Hague: Mouton, 1967, 296 pp.
1470:
1240:
1120:
1017:
601:
369:
244:
2738:, Princeton Theological Monograph Series, Pickwick Publications, Allison Park, Pennsylvania, 1948, Pp. 145.
5390:
4953:
4745:
3825:
3577:
3064:
2340:
2943:
94:
69:
962:
during the Second Bulgarian Empire. After the fall of the Bulgarian Empire and the conquest of Thrace by the
4731:
4155:
3881:
3701:
3587:
1343:
933:
545:
459:
404:
279:
5314:
5257:
4656:
4246:
4088:
3532:
3338:
3312:
3307:
3080:
3056:
3052:
3019:
1353:
1315:
1244:
860:
484:
2111:
John Goulter Dowling. A letter to S. R. Maitland. On the Opinions of the Paulicians, London, 1835. p. 50.
1754:
John Goulter Dowling. A letter to S. R. Maitland. On the Opinions of the Paulicians, London, 1835. p. 16.
5536:
5289:
4374:
4228:
3418:
3328:
3292:
3177:
2907:
2902:
820:
314:
254:
3965:
2688:, Islamic History and Civilization, Studies and Texts 18. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1997, Pp. 214.
5237:
4617:
4600:
4421:
4180:
4145:
4028:
3960:
3495:
3438:
921:
652:
525:
5423:
5402:
5356:
5149:
5129:
4918:
4856:
4789:
3527:
3443:
3433:
3297:
3060:
3048:
2935:
1280:
1097:
929:
819:. The propositions of peace were not accepted, the war was renewed, and Chrysocheres was killed at
672:
668:
389:
82:
4727:
505:. Little is known about the Paulician faith and various influences have been suggested, including
5464:
5443:
4605:
4595:
4469:
4140:
4023:
3940:
3803:
3155:
3135:
3115:
3105:
2871:
2601:
2502:
2077:
2069:
1228:
1109:
958:
According to the historian Yordan Ivanov, some of the remaining Thracian Paulicians converted to
894:
793:
449:
362:
302:
269:
199:
184:
169:
58:
1542:"The Life of the Saint and the Animal: Asian Religious Influence in the Medieval Christian West"
781:
1835:
The Church of the Ancient Councils: The Disciplinary Work of the First Four Ecumenical Councils
707:, protested against the leadership of Gegnaesius but was unsuccessful. Gegnaesius was taken to
5162:
5089:
4824:
4661:
4566:
4499:
4479:
4447:
4379:
4366:
4287:
4282:
4033:
3798:
3648:
3167:
3120:
3110:
3100:
2746:
2570:
2535:
2399:
2207:
1839:
1769:
1716:
1583:
1480:
1450:
1364:
1156:
982:
978:
910:
687:. Twenty-seven years later, he was arrested by the Imperial authorities, tried for heresy and
683:(after one of Paul's disciples), and about 660, he founded his first congregation at Kibossa,
618:
339:
334:
264:
209:
31:
2395:
The Birth of Western Painting (Routledge Revivals): A History of Colour, Form and Iconography
2393:
1939:
1833:
847:
In 970, 200,000 Paulicians on Byzantine territory were reportedly transferred by the emperor
772:, fled across the border to the areas of Armenia under Arab control. Under the protection of
5433:
5294:
5017:
4531:
4324:
4272:
4218:
4185:
4135:
3928:
3918:
3696:
3384:
3276:
3199:
3182:
3160:
3145:
3130:
3044:
2829:
2562:
2527:
2492:
2314:
2061:
1706:
1608:
1553:
1338:
1232:
1224:
1189:
1067:
1062:
994:
945:
889:
873:
751:
735:
731:
712:
676:
622:
610:
606:
573:
537:
524:
The founder of the Paulicians is traditionally held to have been an Armenian by the name of
249:
232:
214:
109:
38:
909:, reports that Alexios I succeeded in converting many of the sects around Philippopolis to
746:
675:
of the church. Regarding himself as having been called to restore the pure Christianity of
4995:
4985:
4676:
4509:
4489:
4484:
4439:
4429:
4389:
4384:
4329:
4110:
3716:
3633:
3628:
3368:
3358:
3194:
3188:
3172:
3150:
3140:
3125:
2678:
2658:
2645:
2228:"Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences : Arterial - attaching"
1541:
1276:
1236:
898:
738:. Upon the death of Sergius, the control of the sect was divided between several leaders.
692:
688:
570:
408:
329:
324:
274:
162:
2586:"Byzantine Paulicians: Beliefs and Practices (Bizans Pavlikyanları: İnanç ve Pratikler)"
1476:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
1016:
controlled by Russia. Documents of their professions of faith and disputations with the
600:
The Paulicians called themselves "Good Christians" or "True Believers", and referred to
5252:
5229:
5059:
5022:
4906:
4886:
4851:
4844:
4514:
4394:
4127:
3886:
3780:
3766:
3565:
3428:
3269:
3024:
2049:
1374:
1359:
1220:
1133:
1125:
1058:
963:
848:
812:
708:
549:
284:
174:
1243:, which they professed to have. On the Byzantine account, the Paulicians rejected the
5530:
5489:
5192:
5157:
5002:
4965:
4960:
4943:
4923:
4817:
4434:
4311:
4277:
4015:
3950:
3923:
3808:
3423:
3363:
2672:
2585:
2142:
2081:
1288:
1252:
925:
917:
906:
719:
564:. In Armenia, the Paulicians were assimilated into the related religious movement of
189:
2169:
Part 18 - Page 695 James Hastings, John A. Selbie - 2003 "The possible exception is
1580:
The Paulicians: Heresy, Persecution and Warfare on the Byzantine Frontier, c.750–880
548:, despite intermittent persecutions and deportations by the imperial authorities in
5282:
5167:
5069:
5012:
4975:
4938:
4802:
4195:
4170:
4150:
3933:
3788:
3036:
3031:
2865:
2741:
Edward Gibbon: 'History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' (Chapter LIV).
2709:
2616:
1333:
881:
817:
History of the empty and vain heresy of the Manichæans, otherwise called Paulicians
800:
773:
631:
2098:(in Bulgarian). Jordan Ivanov. Bogomil Books and Legends, Sofia. 1925. p. 36.
1822:. vol. ix. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1983, pp. 140-141.
2693:
2566:
2095:
2014:
1710:
1474:
792:'s campaign against the Arabs and possibly was with Umar at Malakopea before the
5494:
5272:
5212:
5202:
5182:
5172:
5139:
5041:
4990:
4980:
4876:
4812:
4797:
4696:
4671:
4165:
3975:
3742:
3348:
3333:
1384:
1303:
1292:
1267:
1184:
1168:
1105:
1101:
1041:
789:
762:
696:
626:
565:
518:
514:
119:
5309:
768:
In response to the renewed persecution many Paulicians, under their new leader
5484:
5277:
5197:
5109:
5104:
5079:
5074:
5054:
5049:
4948:
4933:
4928:
4913:
4901:
4871:
3970:
3830:
3820:
3653:
3643:
3353:
2523:
2425:
2065:
1989:
1513:
1424:
1348:
1328:
1272:
1259:
1141:
1113:
1085:
1076:
986:
877:
837:
785:
724:
704:
585:
580:. The movement may have also been an influence on medieval European Christian
510:
506:
2605:
1419:
1287:, the worship, and the hierarchy of the established Church, because of which
989:
in 1688, a large number of this group fled across the Danube, settled in the
5267:
5247:
5207:
5187:
5177:
5134:
5124:
5119:
5094:
5064:
4970:
4891:
4861:
4829:
4519:
4399:
3891:
3759:
3706:
3638:
2554:
1369:
1284:
1072:
985:, and suffered religious persecution by the Ottomans. After the uprising of
856:
651:
and the founder of the sect is said to have been an Armenian by the name of
648:
589:
541:
204:
2794:
Full text of "The key of truth, a manual of the Paulician church of Armenia
2318:
1557:
1155:
Paulicians may have held several unorthodox beliefs about Jesus, including
2798:
2686:
The Fatimid Armenians: Cultural and Political Interaction in the Near East
2531:
2052:(1961). "The Transfer of Population as a Policy in the Byzantine Empire".
5428:
5114:
5099:
4866:
4839:
4834:
4807:
4045:
3945:
3896:
3754:
3686:
3474:
2724:(Chapter 37, The Paulikians and the Tondrakians), New York, 1959, 526 pp.
1164:
1160:
998:
777:
656:
239:
134:
17:
2782:
4896:
4411:
4297:
4238:
3737:
3711:
3389:
2518:. Publications in Near and Middle East Studies: Series A. Vol. 6.
2506:
2484:
1179:
1037:
1013:
1005:
902:
901:
in 1081 but subsequently deserted the emperor and were imprisoned. The
852:
832:
808:
804:
769:
684:
664:
494:
384:
124:
5325:
2073:
4334:
4040:
3815:
3681:
2666:
2597:
2519:
1314:
In the 1940s, Soviet scholars saw the sect primarily as a product of
1248:
1216:
971:
953:
660:
581:
577:
561:
533:
529:
149:
144:
129:
1738:"The Descendants of Paulicians: the Pomaks, Catholics, and Orthodox"
780:, the sect was permitted by the Arabs to build two fortress cities,
630:
the sect in its migration to Episparis following its persecution by
2497:
2470:
2107:
2105:
1929:. Trans. Denison B. Hull. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1972
1737:
1653:
990:
967:
788:, and establish an independent state. Karbeas died in 863 during
745:
680:
614:
467:
139:
4319:
1033:
490:
99:
5516:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Caucasus
5329:
4749:
4645:
4076:
3861:
3553:
3220:
2841:
2802:
2716:. Vol. VIII. Baker Book House, Michigan. pp. 417–418.
2663:
Quellen zum Studium der Geschichte der paulikianischen Bewegung
2369:"The Key of Truth: A Monument of Armenian Unitarainism (Paper)"
1295:". Some historians have also viewed them as proto-protestants.
2551:
The Medieval Manichee: A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy
1965:"Understanding our past: The Paulicians: A timeline & map"
2674:
The Key of Truth, A Manual of the Paulician Church of Armenia
2278:
The Key of Truth. A Manual of the Paulician Church of Armenia
2253:
The Key of Truth. A Manual of the Paulician Church of Armenia
1479:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 173, 299.
1445:
1443:
893:, several thousand Paulicians served in the army of Emperor
68:
1100:, a cosmological system of twin, opposing deities; an Evil
855:
in Thrace. As a reward for their promise to keep back "the
807:, where he took many priests as prisoners. In 868, Emperor
2652:, Roi des Bulgares. Bruxelles, Palais des academies, 1938.
2600:: ULUM İslami İlimler Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi: 45–68.
2549:
Runciman, Steven (2009) . "CHAPTER III - The Paulicians".
2015:"The Encyclopedia of Thelema & Magick | Bogomils"
453:
1546:
The Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
1096:
Some scholars argue that the Paulician belief system was
2787:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
2341:"The Key of Truth: A Monument of Armenian Unitarianism"
2206:. Stanford: University of Stanford Press. p. 448.
913:, building a new city of Alexiopolis for the converts.
1262:, the Paulicians were said to have rejected the title
1167:
Christians and many early Christian sects such as the
647:
The sources indicate that most Paulician leaders were
497:
in the 7th century. Followers of the sect were called
4777:
Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church
2747:"The history of Paulicianism on the Balkan peninsula"
2714:
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
1895:
Petrus Siculus, "Historia Manichaeorum", op. cit., 45
536:. The sect flourished between 650 and 872 around the
966:, this group then converted with some Bulgarians to
750:
The massacre of the Paulicians in 843/844, from the
5503:
5457:
5411:
5363:
5228:
5148:
5040:
4788:
4562:
4462:
4420:
4365:
4310:
4265:
4237:
4194:
4126:
4087:
4014:
3872:
3779:
3725:
3664:
3621:
3564:
3508:
3483:
3452:
3411:
3402:
3377:
3321:
3285:
3231:
3089:
3005:
2952:
2883:
2854:
2448:
See also: Yianni Cartledge & Brenton Griffin, ‘
2264:
2262:
2128:
2126:
671:and Christian doctrines and vigorously opposed the
556:in the Armenian borderlands under Arab protection.
1203:, as well as the use of the phrase "only-born" in
30:"Paulician" redirects here. For the dialect, see
5475:Armenian Christian tradition in the 20th century
2704:, London: Variorum Reprints, 1985, Pp. 340.
1838:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 80–81.
1071:, a text claimed to be a manual of the medieval
617:sources associate the sect with the 3rd century
1701:
1699:
1298:In the putatively Paulician or Tondrakian work
1140:Early Christianity yet unable to be freed from
827:Destruction of Paulician state and displacement
3189:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
655:, who hailed from Mananalis, a community near
5341:
4761:
2814:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
1940:"Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία"
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1088:missionary activity in Armenia at that time.
625:. This may be a conflation with the separate
426:
8:
2471:"Armenian Paulicianism and the Key of Truth"
2204:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1927:Digenis Akritas: The Two-Blooded Border Lord
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1045:rituals and practices liturgics protestant.
478:
27:Christian sect formed in 7th century Armenia
2702:Armenia between Byzantium and the Sasanians
2185:Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies
2148:(1 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1898
2096:"Йордан Иванов. Богомилски книги и легенди"
1797:Dixon 2022, pp. 3–4, 64, 114; p. 285 n. 20.
1275:it was asserted that the sect rejected the
5348:
5334:
5326:
4768:
4754:
4746:
4642:
4093:
4084:
4073:
3869:
3858:
3570:
3561:
3550:
3408:
3235:
3228:
3217:
2851:
2838:
2821:
2807:
2799:
2054:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1656:[Paulicians or Banat Bulgarians].
1020:bishop about 1837 were later published by
528:, who hailed from a Syrian community near
433:
419:
43:
2757:Yianni Cartledge & Brenton Griffin, ‘
2623:Yianni Cartledge & Brenton Griffin, ‘
2496:
1291:considered them as "worthy precursors of
1211:Rituals, practices and views of scripture
1061:, comprising certain letters ascribed to
1603:
1601:
1599:
1396:
1174:Frederick Conybeare, in his edition of
57:
46:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1465:
1463:
1715:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 13–26.
924:passed near Philippopolis during the
695:, the punishment pronounced upon the
7:
5243:Community of the Lady of All Nations
2781:Gibbon, Edward; Milman, Henry Hart,
2712:. In Samuel Macaulay Jackson (ed.).
2590:ULUM: Journal of Religious Inquiries
2398:. Taylor & Francis. p. 14.
2299:Toumanoff, Cyril (1 February 1969).
2191:. Translated by Cowe, S. P.: 131–36.
1251:, also known as the Hebrew Bible or
905:, written by the emperor's daughter
2729:Pauliciens, Bulgares et Bons-hommes
2426:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paulicians"
2167:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics
1969:Understanding-our-past.blogspot.com
1766:Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects
1420:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Paulicians"
479:
932:to surrender Philippopolis to the
25:
4687:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
1654:"Pavlikijani ili banatski Bugari"
1582:. Koninklijke Brill. p. 12.
634:at the close of the 7th century.
5308:
5031:
4726:
2681:, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1898.
2476:The American Journal of Theology
3076:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
2898:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
2745:Dragojlović, Dragoljub (1974).
1917:Knopf, New York, 1997, page 140
1736:Edouard Selian (January 2020).
1055:History of the Paulician Heresy
380:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
4161:Great Palace of Constantinople
3902:Patriarchate of Constantinople
2584:Seyfeli, Canan (August 2020).
2392:Byron, R.; Rice, D.T. (2013).
2306:The American Historical Review
1963:Panos, Masis (24 April 2011).
1022:Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare
501:and referred to themselves as
1:
2367:Finnegan, Sean (2022-10-15).
2339:Finnegan, Sean (2022-10-14).
1768:. Syracuse University Press.
1380:Roman Catholicism in Bulgaria
960:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
4623:University of Constantinople
4204:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
3354:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
3043:Byzantine successor states (
2567:10.1017/CBO9780511599514.003
1915:A Short History of Byzantium
1820:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
1207:chapters 2, 17, 21, and 22.
742:Formation of Paulician state
454:
5470:Christianization of Armenia
5381:Armenian Evangelical Church
5376:Armenian Brotherhood Church
4293:Saint Catherine's Monastery
3349:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
3344:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
2677:, edited and translated by
2514:Garsoïan, Nina G. (2011) .
2489:University of Chicago Press
1178:, concluded that "The word
1130:Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler
1119:Eighteenth century scholar
993:region and became known as
950:Catholic Church in Bulgaria
842:Nikephoros Phokas the Elder
466:, "The followers of Paul";
195:Christianization of Armenia
5573:
5315:Catholic Church portal
4682:Neo-Byzantine architecture
3303:Comes sacrarum largitionum
2785:, in Widger, David (ed.),
2559:Cambridge University Press
2469:Arpee, Leon (April 1906).
2202:Treadgold, Warren (1997).
1818:(The Paulician movement).
1652:Nikolin, Svetlana (2008).
943:
711:, appeared before Emperor
554:state centered on Tephrike
540:'s frontier with the Arab
463:
260:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
220:Muslim conquest of Armenia
36:
29:
5371:Armenian Apostolic Church
5303:
5029:
4709:
4652:
4641:
4252:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
4096:
4083:
4072:
3868:
3857:
3573:
3560:
3549:
3238:
3227:
3216:
2850:
2837:
2232:digicoll.library.wisc.edu
2066:10.1017/S0010417500012093
1832:Peter L'Huillier (1996).
1814:Melik-Bakhshyan, Stepan.
1241:Epistle to the Laodiceans
1121:Johann Lorenz von Mosheim
370:First Republic of Armenia
245:Principality of Hamamshen
115:Lchashen–Metsamor culture
105:Trialeti–Vanadzor culture
5557:9th-century Christianity
5552:8th-century Christianity
5547:7th-century Christianity
5398:Georgian Orthodox Church
5391:Armenian Catholic Church
3826:Droungarios of the Fleet
1788:Dixon 2022, pp. 3–4, 51.
1185:Adoptionist Christianity
37:Not to be confused with
4340:Early Byzantine mosaics
3702:Domestic of the Schools
2736:The Tondrakian Movement
1614:Encyclopædia Britannica
1540:Wilson, Joseph (2009).
1519:Encyclopædia Britannica
1344:Banat Bulgarian dialect
934:Second Bulgarian Empire
761:, as regent to her son
280:Principality of Khachen
145:Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
90:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
73:Coat of Arms of Armenia
4657:Byzantine commonwealth
3419:Praetorian prefectures
3339:Logothetes tou genikou
3313:Quaestor sacri palatii
3308:Comes rerum privatarum
3081:Fall of Constantinople
3020:Sack of Constantinople
2783:"The Paulician Heresy"
2268:Dixon 2022, pp. 50–51.
2251:Conybeare, Frederick.
2132:Dixon 2022, pp. 25–26.
2120:Dixon 2022, pp. 16–17.
1913:Norwich, John Julius:
1868:Dixon 2022, pp. 4, 33.
1764:Maoosa, Matti (1987).
1609:"Constantine-Silvanus"
1558:10.1558/jsrnc.v3i2.169
1471:Fine, John Van Antwerp
1354:Edmund Hamer Broadbent
1266:("Mother of God") for
1245:First Epistle of Peter
754:
679:, he adopted the name
74:
5542:Christian terminology
5290:Positive Christianity
4357:Komnenian renaissance
4352:Macedonian period art
4257:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
4229:Walls of Thessaloniki
3329:Logothetes tou dromou
2944:Twenty Years' Anarchy
2908:Valentinianic dynasty
2903:Constantinian dynasty
2708:Newman, A.H. (1951).
2532:10.1515/9783111344522
1994:MedievalChurch.org.uk
1660:(in Serbo-Croatian).
821:Battle of Bathys Ryax
799:Karbeas's successor,
749:
255:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
72:
4554:Units of measurement
4288:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
4181:Pammakaristos Church
4029:Corpus Juris Civilis
3980:Missionary activity
3439:Exarchate of Ravenna
3265:Imperial bureaucracy
2722:A History of Armenia
2319:10.1086/ahr/74.3.961
1578:Dixon, Carl (2022).
1356:- The Pilgrim Church
922:Frederick Barbarossa
831:By 878, the emperor
757:In 843, the Empress
493:which originated in
385:Contemporary Armenia
5511:Freedom of religion
5357:Religion in Armenia
5258:Jehovah's Witnesses
5130:Spanish Adoptionism
4078:Culture and society
3941:Ecumenical councils
3444:Exarchate of Africa
3434:Quaestura exercitus
3298:Magister officiorum
3293:Praetorian prefects
2936:Byzantine Dark Ages
2765:, 9, 2022, 235-271.
2720:Vahan M. Kurkjian:
2631:, 9, 2022, 235-271.
2456:, 9, 2022, 235-271.
2060:(2): 142, 144–152.
1816:«Պավլիկյան շարժում»
1258:In common with the
911:Christian orthodoxy
897:against the Norman
602:orthodox Christians
390:Republic of Artsakh
140:Nairi Confederation
95:Kura–Araxes culture
5465:Armenian mythology
4825:Antidicomarianites
4495:Flags and insignia
4141:Baths of Zeuxippus
4024:Codex Theodosianus
3914:Oriental Orthodoxy
2872:Later Roman Empire
2700:Nina G. Garsoian:
2691:Nina G. Garsoian:
2642:pp. 1776–1777
2561:. pp. 26–62.
1316:proletarian revolt
1231:; the epistles of
1112:sects such as the
1108:faith, as well as
895:Alexios I Komnenos
794:Battle of Lalakaon
755:
643:Origins and growth
584:movements such as
488:medieval Christian
450:Classical Armenian
290:Kingdom of Cilicia
270:Kingdom of Artsakh
250:Kingdom of Armenia
240:Emirate of Armenia
200:Kingdom of Sophene
180:Kingdom of Armenia
170:Satrapy of Armenia
75:
5524:
5523:
5323:
5322:
5163:Consubstantiation
4743:
4742:
4705:
4704:
4662:Byzantine studies
4637:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4448:Alexander Romance
4306:
4305:
4283:Nea Moni of Chios
4146:Blachernae Palace
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4034:Code of Justinian
3882:Eastern Orthodoxy
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3775:
3774:
3649:Scholae Palatinae
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3510:Foreign relations
3504:
3503:
3398:
3397:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3011:(1204–1453)
2734:Vrej Nersessian:
2650:Samuel l'Armenien
2646:Nikoghayos Adontz
2430:www.newadvent.org
2405:978-1-136-75240-7
2289:Dixon 2022, p. 26
1845:978-0-88141-007-5
1722:978-3-11-134452-2
1707:Garsoïan, Nina G.
1428:. 1 February 1911
1365:Paulician dialect
1157:nontrinitarianism
1010:Russo-Turkish War
983:Nikopol, Bulgaria
979:Roman Catholicism
867:Revival in Thrace
659:. He studied the
619:Bishop of Antioch
443:
442:
350:National movement
340:Armenian genocide
335:Armenian question
265:Kingdom of Syunik
210:Byzantine Armenia
32:Paulician dialect
16:(Redirected from
5564:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5327:
5313:
5312:
5295:Reincarnationism
5035:
5018:Subordinationism
5003:Pneumatomachians
4934:Melchisedechians
4770:
4763:
4756:
4747:
4730:
4643:
4586:Imperial Library
4532:Byzantine Greeks
4273:Daphni Monastery
4224:Panagia Chalkeon
4219:Hagios Demetrios
4186:Prison of Anemas
4136:Basilica Cistern
4094:
4085:
4074:
3929:West Syriac Rite
3919:Alexandrian Rite
3870:
3863:Religion and law
3859:
3794:Maritime themata
3750:Palaiologan army
3603:Military manuals
3571:
3562:
3551:
3409:
3385:Megas logothetes
3236:
3229:
3218:
3091:By modern region
3012:
2959:
2958:(717–1204)
2890:
2852:
2839:
2830:Byzantine Empire
2823:
2816:
2809:
2800:
2790:
2754:
2717:
2657:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2580:
2545:
2510:
2500:
2457:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2180:
2174:
2171:The Key of Truth
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2046:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2019:Thelemapedia.org
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1944:Asiaminor.ehw.gr
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
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1878:
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1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1510:
1491:
1490:
1467:
1458:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1416:
1339:Banat Bulgarians
1300:The Key of Truth
1229:Epistles of John
1225:Epistles of Paul
1205:The Key of Truth
1201:The Key of Truth
1197:The Key of Truth
1176:The Key of Truth
1068:The Key of Truth
1063:Sergius-Tychicus
995:Banat Bulgarians
946:Banat Bulgarians
890:Annales Barenses
752:Madrid Skylitzes
736:Leo the Armenian
718:In 747, Emperor
677:Paul the Apostle
623:Paul of Samosata
607:Paul the Apostle
574:Banat Bulgarians
546:Eastern Anatolia
544:in Armenia and
538:Byzantine Empire
482:
481:
465:
457:
452:: Պաւղիկեաններ,
435:
428:
421:
303:Early modern age
215:Sasanian Armenia
62:
44:
21:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5499:
5453:
5412:Other religions
5407:
5386:Catholic Church
5359:
5354:
5324:
5319:
5307:
5299:
5224:
5150:Early modernity
5144:
5036:
5027:
4996:Semipelagianism
4986:Patripassianism
4784:
4774:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4701:
4677:Cyrillic script
4648:
4629:
4574:
4558:
4458:
4440:Digenes Akritas
4416:
4361:
4302:
4266:Other locations
4261:
4233:
4190:
4122:
4111:Cross-in-square
4079:
4060:
4010:
3864:
3845:
3771:
3721:
3717:Varangian Guard
3660:
3634:East Roman army
3629:Late Roman army
3617:
3556:
3537:
3500:
3479:
3448:
3394:
3373:
3369:Epi ton deeseon
3359:Epi tou eidikou
3317:
3281:
3223:
3204:
3191:
3094:
3092:
3085:
3071:Palaiologan era
3013:
3010:
3001:
2972:Nikephorian era
2960:
2957:
2948:
2891:
2889:(330–717)
2888:
2879:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2827:
2780:
2772:
2744:
2707:
2684:S. B. Dadoyan:
2679:F. C. Conybeare
2659:Hrach Bartikyan
2655:
2638:
2636:Further reading
2610:
2608:
2583:
2577:
2548:
2542:
2513:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2410:
2408:
2406:
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2390:
2386:
2377:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2352:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2050:Charanis, Peter
2048:
2047:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1811:
1810:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1705:
1704:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1651:
1650:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1494:
1487:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1448:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1324:
1312:
1277:Christian cross
1213:
1153:
1110:early Christian
1094:
1051:
1030:
970:and became the
956:
944:Main articles:
942:
899:Robert Guiscard
869:
829:
823:in 872 or 878.
744:
693:burned to death
689:stoned to death
645:
640:
598:
576:and the Muslim
503:Good Christians
439:
395:
394:
375:Armenian S.S.R.
365:
355:
354:
345:Western Armenia
330:Armenian Oblast
325:Russian Armenia
320:Ottoman Armenia
310:Iranian Armenia
305:
295:
294:
275:Zakarid Armenia
235:
225:
224:
185:Armenian Empire
165:
155:
154:
85:
60:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5570:
5568:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5529:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5504:Related topics
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5449:Zoroastrianism
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5330:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5253:Indifferentism
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5154:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5060:Bosnian Church
5057:
5052:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5023:Valentinianism
5020:
5015:
5010:
5008:Psilanthropism
5005:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4907:Valentinianism
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4887:Priscillianism
4884:
4879:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4852:Collyridianism
4849:
4848:
4847:
4845:Circumcellions
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4750:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4209:Byzantine Bath
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4128:Constantinople
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:Byzantine Rite
3878:
3876:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3767:Grand domestic
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3733:Komnenian army
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3608:Military units
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Battle tactics
3574:
3568:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3270:Medieval Greek
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3239:
3233:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3025:Fourth Crusade
3016:
3014:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2982:Macedonian era
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2915:Theodosian era
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2778:
2771:
2770:External links
2768:
2767:
2766:
2755:
2742:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2705:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2670:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2621:
2581:
2575:
2546:
2540:
2511:
2498:10.1086/478607
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2441:
2417:
2404:
2384:
2359:
2331:
2313:(3): 961–962.
2291:
2282:
2270:
2258:
2243:
2219:
2212:
2194:
2175:
2159:
2134:
2122:
2113:
2101:
2087:
2032:
2021:. 15 July 2005
2006:
1981:
1955:
1931:
1919:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1851:
1844:
1824:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1774:
1756:
1747:
1728:
1721:
1675:
1627:
1595:
1588:
1570:
1552:(2): 169–194.
1532:
1492:
1485:
1459:
1439:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Restorationism
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:Novgorod Codex
1357:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1311:
1310:Historiography
1308:
1247:and the whole
1212:
1209:
1152:
1149:
1138:proto-orthodox
1134:August Neander
1093:
1090:
1059:Petrus Siculus
1050:
1047:
1029:
1026:
964:Ottoman Empire
941:
938:
868:
865:
849:John Tzimisces
828:
825:
813:Petrus Siculus
776:, the Emir of
743:
740:
709:Constantinople
644:
641:
639:
636:
597:
594:
571:Roman Catholic
550:Constantinople
532:in modern-day
460:Medieval Greek
441:
440:
438:
437:
430:
423:
415:
412:
411:
397:
396:
393:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
366:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
315:Five Melikdoms
312:
306:
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
287:
285:Mongol Armenia
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
236:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
166:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
100:Legend of Hayk
97:
92:
86:
81:
80:
77:
76:
65:
64:
55:
54:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5569:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:Chazinzarians
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5193:Protestantism
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:Antinomianism
5156:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Monothelitism
4964:
4962:
4961:Monophysitism
4959:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4944:Monarchianism
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:Macedonianism
4922:
4920:
4919:Luciferianism
4917:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4818:Semi-Arianism
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4771:
4766:
4764:
4759:
4757:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4644:
4640:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:Encyclopedias
4579:
4578:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Hellenization
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:Everyday life
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4435:Acritic songs
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Hosios Loukas
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
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4112:
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4027:
4025:
4022:
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4019:
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4013:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Monophysitism
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Armenian Rite
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
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3890:
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3884:
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3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3856:
3842:
3841:Naval battles
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
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3810:
3807:
3805:
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3703:
3700:
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3673:
3670:
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3663:
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3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
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3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3548:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Protasekretis
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3215:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Komnenian era
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:Heraclian era
2928:
2926:
2925:Justinian era
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2789:, vol. X
2788:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:(5): 235–244.
2752:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2731:, Geneva 1879
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:(in Armenian)
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2576:9780511599514
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2541:9783110992274
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
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2427:
2421:
2418:
2407:
2401:
2397:
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2385:
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2370:
2363:
2360:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2213:0-8047-2630-2
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:(in Armenian)
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1775:0-815-62411-5
1771:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
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1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
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1676:
1663:
1659:
1655:
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1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:9789004516540
1585:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1486:0-472-08149-7
1482:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:0-900707-92-5
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
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1401:
1397:
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1381:
1378:
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1371:
1368:
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1363:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:Edward Gibbon
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1253:Old Testament
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1190:Nina Garsoïan
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
955:
951:
947:
940:Later history
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
926:Third Crusade
923:
919:
918:First Crusade
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
887:According to
885:
883:
879:
875:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
853:Philippopolis
850:
845:
843:
839:
834:
826:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
753:
748:
741:
739:
737:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:Constantine V
716:
714:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
637:
635:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:
567:
563:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
486:
477:
473:
469:
461:
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451:
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429:
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422:
417:
416:
414:
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410:
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399:
398:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
364:
359:
358:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
304:
299:
298:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
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248:
246:
243:
241:
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234:
229:
228:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
190:Roman Armenia
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
175:Armenia Minor
173:
171:
168:
167:
164:
159:
158:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
84:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
63:
56:
51:
45:
40:
33:
19:
5537:Paulicianism
5480:Paulicianism
5479:
5419:Baháʼí Faith
5364:Christianity
5283:Santa Muerte
5273:Narco-saints
5168:Febronianism
5085:Free Spirits
5070:Conciliarism
5013:Sabellianism
4976:Nestorianism
4882:Paulicianism
4881:
4803:Apollinarism
4446:
4214:Hagia Sophia
4196:Thessalonica
4171:Hagia Sophia
4151:Chora Church
4089:Architecture
3966:Great Schism
3956:Paulicianism
3955:
3934:Miaphysitism
3789:Karabisianoi
3093:or territory
3053:Thessalonica
3037:Latin Empire
3032:Frankokratia
3007:
2967:Isaurian era
2954:
2885:
2870:
2866:Roman Empire
2856:
2786:
2762:
2750:
2735:
2728:
2727:A. Lombard:
2721:
2713:
2710:"Paulicians"
2701:
2692:
2685:
2673:
2662:
2649:
2628:
2617:ResearchGate
2615:– via
2609:. Retrieved
2593:
2589:
2550:
2515:
2480:
2474:
2463:Bibliography
2453:
2444:
2433:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2409:. Retrieved
2394:
2387:
2376:. Retrieved
2372:
2362:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2310:
2304:
2294:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2252:
2246:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
2222:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2143:
2137:
2116:
2090:
2057:
2053:
2025:25 September
2023:. Retrieved
2018:
2009:
1999:25 September
1997:. Retrieved
1993:
1990:"Paulicians"
1984:
1974:25 September
1972:. Retrieved
1968:
1958:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1854:
1834:
1827:
1815:
1793:
1784:
1765:
1759:
1750:
1742:Academia.edu
1741:
1731:
1711:
1666:. Retrieved
1661:
1657:
1618:. Retrieved
1612:
1579:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1549:
1545:
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1517:
1475:
1432:25 September
1430:. Retrieved
1423:
1334:Albigensians
1313:
1299:
1297:
1263:
1257:
1227:; the three
1223:); fourteen
1219:(especially
1214:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1175:
1173:
1169:Adoptionists
1154:
1146:
1126:prophet Mani
1118:
1095:
1081:
1066:
1054:
1052:
1031:
1008:, after the
1003:
976:
957:
915:
888:
886:
882:Anna Komnene
870:
846:
830:
816:
801:Chrysocheres
798:
774:Umar al-Aqta
767:
756:
729:
717:
701:
646:
632:Justinian II
599:
558:
523:
502:
498:
475:
471:
455:Pawłikeanner
446:Paulicianism
445:
444:
125:Arme–Shupria
5495:Tondrakians
5238:Americanism
5213:Lutheranism
5203:Arminianism
5183:Josephinism
5173:Gallicanism
5140:Waldensians
5042:Middle Ages
4991:Pelagianism
4981:Novatianism
4877:Manichaeism
4813:Anomoeanism
4798:Adoptionism
4697:Megali Idea
4672:Byzantinism
4375:Agriculture
4166:Hagia Irene
3999:Kievan Rus'
3976:Mount Athos
3799:Cibyrrhaeot
3743:Vestiaritai
3598:Mercenaries
3475:Catepanates
3334:Sakellarios
3253:Family tree
3178:Mesopotamia
2997:Angelid era
2977:Amorian era
2491:: 267–285.
1514:"Paulician"
1385:Tondrakians
1304:Paul Rycaut
1293:Reformation
1151:Christology
1114:Marcionists
1042:Manichaeans
916:During the
859:" (in fact
811:dispatched
790:Michael III
763:Michael III
725:iconoclasts
697:Manichaeans
667:, combined
653:Constantine
526:Constantine
519:Adoptionism
515:Manichaeism
476:al Bayāliqa
464:Παυλικιανοί
233:Middle Ages
120:Hayasa-Azzi
59:History of
39:Paulianists
5531:Categories
5485:Archontics
5198:Anabaptism
5110:Josephines
5105:Impanation
5090:Henricians
5080:Fraticelli
5075:Dulcinians
5055:Bogomilism
4954:Modalistic
4949:Athinganoi
4929:Marcionism
4914:Iconoclasm
4902:Sethianism
4872:Gnosticism
4692:Third Rome
4618:University
4601:Philosophy
4591:Inventions
4454:Historians
4422:Literature
4405:Varangians
4247:San Vitale
4176:Hippodrome
4156:City Walls
4056:Mutilation
4051:Hexabiblos
3971:Bogomilism
3961:Iconoclasm
3831:Megas doux
3821:Greek fire
3804:Aegean Sea
3677:Kleisourai
3654:Excubitors
3644:Bucellarii
3496:Despotates
3465:Kleisourai
3404:Provincial
3248:Coronation
3222:Governance
2987:Doukid era
2920:Leonid era
2524:De Gruyter
2435:2021-07-14
2411:2023-05-05
2378:2023-01-02
2373:Restitutio
2353:2023-01-02
2348:Restitutio
2237:2017-03-04
2152:23 January
1949:2016-09-25
1425:New Advent
1392:References
1349:Bogomilism
1329:Athinganoi
1285:sacraments
1273:iconoclasm
1260:Nestorians
1142:Gnosticism
1106:Manichaean
1086:Protestant
1077:Tondrakian
987:Chiprovtsi
861:Bulgarians
838:Tondrakian
705:Holy Ghost
699:, in 690.
627:Paulianist
586:Bogomilism
566:Tondrakism
511:Marcionism
507:Gnosticism
499:Paulicians
363:Modern age
83:Prehistory
5268:Mormonism
5263:Modernism
5248:Feeneyism
5230:Modernity
5208:Calvinism
5188:Pantheism
5178:Jansenism
5135:Taborites
5125:Pasagians
5120:Migetians
5095:Humiliati
5065:Catharism
5050:Arnoldism
4971:Montanism
4892:Naassenes
4862:Ebionites
4830:Audianism
4790:Antiquity
4520:Octoechos
4400:Silk Road
3892:Hesychasm
3760:Paramonai
3707:Hetaireia
3639:Foederati
3528:Diplomacy
3523:Diplomats
3429:Provinces
3258:Empresses
3061:Trebizond
2857:Preceding
2751:Balcanica
2606:2645-9132
2555:Cambridge
2082:145091581
1370:Pavlikeni
1264:Theotokos
1239:; and an
1098:dualistic
1073:Paulician
1018:Gregorian
878:Bulgarian
857:Scythians
673:formalism
669:dualistic
649:Armenians
611:Byzantine
596:Etymology
590:Catharism
582:heteredox
542:Caliphate
485:heretical
472:Baylakānī
470:sources:
409:Etymology
205:Commagene
163:Antiquity
18:Paulician
5444:Yazidism
5429:Hetanism
5424:Buddhism
5403:Molokans
5220:Quietism
5115:Lollardy
5100:Hussites
4939:Modalism
4867:Euchites
4840:Donatism
4835:Docetism
4808:Arianism
4613:Scholars
4606:Rhetoric
4596:Medicine
4571:Learning
4470:Calendar
4347:Painters
4046:Basilika
3984:Bulgaria
3946:Arianism
3897:Hayhurum
3874:Religion
3836:Admirals
3755:Allagion
3687:Droungos
3593:Generals
3555:Military
3518:Treaties
3424:Dioceses
3243:Emperors
3156:Sardinia
3136:Dalmatia
3116:Bulgaria
3106:Anatolia
3065:Theodoro
3059: /
3055: /
3047: /
1709:(1967).
1473:(1991).
1322:See also
1161:docetism
1102:demiurge
999:Bulgaria
974:people.
786:Tephrike
778:Melitene
759:Theodora
681:Silvanus
665:Epistles
657:Samosata
530:Samosata
483:) was a
480:البيالقة
401:Timeline
50:a series
48:Part of
5458:History
5439:Judaism
5278:Maximón
4897:Ophites
4857:Dualism
4722:Outline
4667:Museums
4567:Science
4544:Slavery
4500:Gardens
4480:Cuisine
4412:Dynatoi
4380:Coinage
4367:Economy
4335:Mosaics
4298:Mystras
4239:Ravenna
4101:Secular
3989:Moravia
3738:Pronoia
3712:Akritai
3697:Tagmata
3672:Themata
3613:Revolts
3583:Battles
3491:Kephale
3460:Themata
3390:Mesazon
3232:Central
3168:Maghreb
3121:Corsica
3111:Armenia
3101:Albania
2844:History
2507:3153904
2485:Chicago
2324:1 March
1668:1 March
1664:: 15–16
1658:XXI Vek
1620:1 March
1563:30 July
1525:1 March
1221:of Luke
1217:Gospels
1180:Trinity
1092:Dualism
1049:Sources
1038:Muslims
1028:Beliefs
1014:Armenia
1006:Armenia
930:Kaloyan
903:Alexiad
833:Basil I
809:Basil I
805:Ephesus
770:Karbeas
732:Sergius
685:Armenia
661:Gospels
638:History
495:Armenia
405:Origins
61:Armenia
4732:Portal
4647:Impact
4527:People
4475:Cities
4325:Enamel
4106:Sacred
4041:Ecloga
3907:Saints
3816:Dromon
3692:Bandon
3682:Tourma
3665:Middle
3588:Beacon
3470:Bandon
3453:Middle
3322:Middle
3277:Senate
3200:Thrace
3183:Serbia
3161:Sicily
3146:Greece
3131:Cyprus
3049:Epirus
3045:Nicaea
2955:Middle
2832:topics
2667:Eriwan
2611:15 May
2604:
2598:Ankara
2573:
2538:
2520:Berlin
2505:
2402:
2210:
2145:Oxford
2080:
2074:177624
2072:
1859:Mani".
1842:
1772:
1719:
1586:
1483:
1453:
1249:Tanakh
1040:, and
954:Pomaks
952:, and
615:Muslim
578:Pomaks
562:Thrace
534:Turkey
150:Etiuni
130:Mushki
110:Armani
52:on the
5434:Islam
4717:Index
4549:Death
4539:Women
4510:Music
4490:Dress
4485:Dance
4430:Novel
4390:Trade
4385:Mints
4330:Glass
4320:Icons
4116:Domes
3994:Serbs
3809:Samos
3622:Early
3412:Early
3286:Early
3195:Syria
3173:Malta
3151:Italy
3141:Egypt
3126:Crete
3057:Morea
2886:Early
2763:Cerae
2669:1961.
2629:Cerae
2602:eISSN
2596:(1).
2503:JSTOR
2483:(2).
2454:Cerae
2344:(PDF)
2078:S2CID
2070:JSTOR
1281:rites
1233:James
1165:Arian
991:Banat
972:Pomak
968:Islam
874:Roman
782:Amara
713:Leo I
135:Urumu
4781:list
4515:Lyra
4395:silk
4006:Jews
3781:Navy
3726:Late
3566:Army
3533:Wars
3484:Late
3378:Late
3008:Late
2613:2021
2571:ISBN
2536:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2326:2019
2208:ISBN
2154:2017
2027:2016
2001:2016
1976:2016
1840:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1670:2019
1622:2019
1584:ISBN
1565:2020
1527:2019
1481:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1434:2016
1268:Mary
1237:Jude
1235:and
1132:and
1034:Jews
907:Anna
876:and
784:and
663:and
613:and
588:and
517:and
491:sect
468:Arab
4312:Art
4016:Law
2761:',
2627:',
2563:doi
2528:doi
2493:doi
2452:',
2315:doi
2062:doi
1554:doi
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1082:Key
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1057:by
1004:In
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1024:.
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