528:
477:, and with the proceeds built Penydarren House in 1786 on the site of the Roman fort. It was during the construction that workmen first found Roman bricks and the remains of a tessellated pavement. Developed on a site opposite the works, but "sufficiently removed from the town by the extent of the pleasure grounds, and contains all the conveniences and the luxuries requisite for a family of wealth and importance," Homfray was waited on by servants who were dressed in a scarlet and buff livery, while he was driven everywhere in a coach and four horses.
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792:, after the rioters seized some of their weapons, the troops were commanded to open fire. After a protracted struggle in which hundreds sustained an injury, some fatal, the Highlanders were compelled to withdraw to Penydarren House and abandon the town to the rioters. For eight days, Penydarren House was the sole refuge of authority in the district.
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miles (15.7 km). Amid great interest from the public, on 21 February 1804 it successfully carried 11.24 tons of coal, five wagons and 70 men over the full distance, in 4 hours and 5 minutes, at an average speed of 2.4 mph (3.9 km/h). As well as
Homfray, Crawshay, and the passengers,
426:
From the combination of these works, it is presently estimated that the fort had a turf and clay rampart 8.2 metres (27 ft) wide, set on a cobble foundation and separated by a narrow berm of 0.6 metres (2 ft 0 in) wide from its double ditch. The inner ditch was 0.4 metres (1 ft
804:
bought the mineral ground. Foreman subsequently sold the house and its estate to the James family. While the site of the
Ironworks was left to decay, eventually becoming the service depot of the Merthyr tramway, from 1870, parts of the estate were sold off for housing development.
754:
other witnesses included Mr. Giddy, a respected patron of
Trevithick, and an 'engineer from the Government'. The latter was probably a safety inspector, who would have been particularly interested in the boiler's ability to withstand high steam pressures.
808:
For the period 1876 to 1888, the family leased the house out to the
Merthyr Proprietary School. In the 1890s, developments included the general hospital, the Roman Catholic Church of St. Mary's, and the imposing Park Terrace and nearby large villas.
875:
892:
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between 1902 and 1905, during which additional excavation of the Roman fort was undertaken by Frank
Treharne-James. This also allowed the development of the terraces along Gwaelod-y-Garth lane, including Stuart, Cromwell, and Tudor.
657:
at the
Penydarren Ironworks. With the assistance of works engineer Rees Jones, Trevithick mounted the engine on wheels and turned it into a locomotive. In 1803, Trevithick sold the patents for his locomotives to Homfray.
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4 in) wide, the outer 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in) wide, separated by a berm of 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in). If a well recorded by
Treharne-James in 1905 was centrally placed within the
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in 1943. The house was demolished in 1957, and after a period of archeological excavation of the Roman fort, the site was redeveloped as the present day housing community.
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Penydarren had become
Merthyr Tydfil's premier middle-class suburb, with the addition of further terraces north and south of Dane Street, and properties along the Grove.
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431:, and a square outline is assumed, then the fort had dimensions of 152 metres (499 ft) across the rampart crests, covering an area of 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres).
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In modern
Merthyr, behind the monument to Trevithick's locomotive, is a stone wall, which is the sole remainder of the former boundary wall of Penydarren House.
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but also by taking shares himself. Samuel
Homfray left the business in 1813, selling both the house and his shares in the Penydarren Ironworks to Foreman.
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as the location for his experiments into steam locomotion. The community and ward has a population of 5,253, increasing to 5,419 at the 2011 Census.
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of Glamorgan at the Castle Inn, a group led by Lewsyn yr Heliwr (also known as Lewis Lewis) marched there to demand a reduction in the price of
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and an increase in their wages. The demands were rejected, and after being advised to return to their homes, attacked the inn. Engaged by the
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The only information known about the fort is from the later excavations undertaken during the construction of the football stadium in 1905 by
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855:. It elects three county councillors. At the May 2017 elections two Independent candidates (Kevin Gibbs and Chris Davies) and one
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Homfray was so impressed with Trevithick's locomotive that he made another bet with Crawshay, this time for 500
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located outside the fort's southern defences contemporary with the rebuilding. The latest pottery recovered is
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pottery confirms the origin of the fort as a wooden structure, replaced in stone around AD 100, with the
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Being located on a spur of land 700 feet (210 m) above sea level, just southwest of the
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The filling in of the former fish pond marked at Bryant's Field allowed the development of
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candidate (David Isaac) came top of the poll. Kevin Gibbs is now a labour councillor.
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Full-scale replica of Trevithick's 1804 steam-powered railway locomotive in the
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929:"Archeologists hope to learn more about Roman occupation from Penydarren site"
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1222:"These are your councillors in Merthyr Tydfil after the 2017 local elections"
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the third largest of the great Merthyr works. Penydarren was also used by
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Penydarren House was requisitioned by the UK Government at the start of
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Smithsonian Institution. (2014). Train: The definitive visual history.
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The Penydarren Ironworks had been financed by William Forman of the
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to build built one of his high-pressure steam engines to drive a
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and other hostile tribes of Wales by establishing a new base at
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The area is most notable for being the site of a 1st-century
1193:"Mid Glamorgan County Council Election Results 1973-1993"
665:(£525), that Trevithick's steam locomotive could haul 10
488:, and thus obtained a favorable lease of mineral land at
423:, and in 1957 during the demolition of Penydarren House.
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period, with its garrison, moved to a new build fort at
1171:"Historic Landscape Characterisation Merthyr Tydfil"
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800:Forman offered the works for sale in 1859, and the
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1063:. Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society.
480:In 1800, Homfray married Jane Morgan, daughter of
931:. Merthyr Express. 23 March 1957. Archived from
445:, confirming that the site was abandoned in the
397:. It was during this period that he subdued the
1061:Merthyr Tydfil Tramroads and their Locomotives
20:For Trevithick's Pen-y-darren locomotive, see
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8:
1648:Communities in Merthyr Tydfil County Borough
1092:. London: Seeley, Service & Co. p.
1059:Rattenbury, Gordon; Lewis, M. J. T. (2004).
1281:
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769:, who provided all the capital, partly on
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465:came to South Wales, and establishing the
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1149:"The Merthyr Riots: Settling the Account"
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1135:The South Wales Iron Industry 1750-1885
1110:. trevithicktrail.co.uk. Archived from
882:. UK government. Retrieved 1 March 2009
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649:In 1802, Homfray commissioned engineer
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1653:Wards of Merthyr Tydfil County Borough
1255:- Historical Photographs of Penydarren
847:Penydarren has subsequently become an
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1299:Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council
1173:. Glamorgan-Gwent Archeological Trust
878:2001 Census: Census Area Statistics:
853:Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council
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851:(coterminous with the community) to
840:Penydarren was an electoral ward to
776:The house played a key role in the
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14:
1151:. National Library of Wales. 1959
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893:"Ward/Community population 2011"
796:Development and the James family
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1108:"Trevithick Monument Continued"
820:By 1910, the Edwardian Baroque
482:Sir Charles Morgan, 1st Baronet
256:Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament
1253:Old Merthyr Tydfil: Penydarren
1:
1663:Mid Glamorgan electoral wards
1290:Merthyr Tydfil County Borough
1029:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
960:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
828:had been completed, and post
523:The "Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
498:High Sheriff of Monmouthshire
345:Merthyr Tydfil County Borough
1607:Registered parks and gardens
1562:Parliamentary constituencies
842:Mid Glamorgan County Council
515:, it was handed over to the
1084:Rogers, Col. H. C. (1961).
1031:. National Library of Wales
496:. In 1813 he was appointed
492:, where he established the
86:OS grid reference
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533:National Waterfront Museum
264:Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney
246:Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney
1374:
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1025:"Homfray, Frank Treharne"
989:"Pen-y-Darren Roman Fort"
965:National Library of Wales
761:1811–1856: Merthyr Rising
620:
585:
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543:"Pen-y-Darren Locomotive"
500:and in 1818, returned as
272:
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29:Human settlement in Wales
1198:. The Elections Centre (
790:93rd (Highland) Regiment
671:Merthyr Tydfil Tramroad
633:Merthyr Tydfil Tramroad
395:Sextus Julius Frontinus
991:. roman-britain.co.uk.
955:"Frank Treharne James"
727:51.645567°N 3.324233°W
692:51.750825°N 3.375761°W
536:
172:Postcode district
1088:Turnpike to Iron Road
530:
365:Industrial Revolution
120:Preserved county
935:on 28 September 2011
802:Dowlais Iron Company
732:51.645567; -3.324233
697:51.750825; -3.375761
502:Member of Parliament
467:Penydarren Ironworks
421:Frank Treharne-James
369:Penydarren Ironworks
152:Sovereign state
1602:Scheduled monuments
1200:Plymouth University
1114:on 22 February 2014
880:National Statistics
844:from 1973 to 1996.
723: /
688: /
311: /
102:Principal area
1410:Cefn-coed-y-cymmer
1005:. alangeorge.co.uk
1003:"Penydarren House"
669:of iron along the
651:Richard Trevithick
645:Richard Trevithick
569:Richard Trevithick
537:
494:Tredegar Ironworks
373:Richard Trevithick
315:51.7581°N 3.3705°W
238:UK Parliament
184:Dialling code
22:Richard Trevithick
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1586:Listed buildings
1133:Ince, L. (1993).
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1490:Quakers Yard
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1445:Merthyr Vale
1420:Edwardsville
1363:Troed-y-rhiw
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1333:Merthyr Vale
1232:. Retrieved
1230:. 5 May 2017
1227:Wales Online
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1485:Pontygwaith
1306:Communities
1035:17 February
830:World War I
730: /
695: /
469:, he won a
355:Description
318: /
215:South Wales
203:South Wales
1642:Categories
1627:Public art
1546:River Taff
1525:Twynyrodyn
1475:Penydarren
1470:Pentrebach
1440:Heolgerrig
1430:Georgetown
1400:Abercanaid
1348:Penydarren
1234:3 November
898:9 November
863:References
715:51°38′44″N
680:51°45′03″N
574:Build date
558:Power type
535:, Swansea.
439:bath house
391:River Taff
385:Roman fort
367:it housed
361:Roman fort
333:Penydarren
303:51°45′29″N
77:Population
59:Penydarren
35:Penydarren
1595:Grade II*
1510:Treharris
1505:Trefechan
1386:Towns and
1358:Treharris
1318:Cyfarthfa
718:3°19′27″W
706:Abercynon
683:3°22′33″W
630:Operators
508:borough.
451:Gelligaer
447:Hadrianic
429:principia
411:Legio II
337:community
306:3°22′14″W
222:Ambulance
162:Post town
1515:Trelewis
1480:Pontsarn
1425:Gellideg
1405:Bedlinog
1388:villages
1313:Bedlinog
1206:14 April
1177:27 April
1155:27 April
1118:27 April
1009:27 April
970:27 April
939:27 April
824:and the
771:mortgage
599:
506:Stafford
490:Tredegar
443:Trajanic
403:Caerleon
93:SO055075
1622:Museums
1590:Grade I
1572:Schools
1415:Dowlais
1395:Aberfan
1323:Dowlais
748:⁄
663:guineas
566:Builder
435:Flavian
413:Augusta
399:Silures
138:Country
1567:Places
1555:Topics
1539:Rivers
1530:Vaynor
1460:Panteg
1435:Gurnos
1368:Vaynor
1328:Gurnos
1067:
655:hammer
625:Career
461:After
198:Police
1582:SSSIs
1196:(PDF)
786:bread
704:) to
611:0-4-0
606:Whyte
561:Steam
473:with
349:Wales
335:is a
287:Wales
227:Welsh
188:01685
144:Wales
1495:Quar
1465:Park
1455:Pant
1353:Town
1343:Park
1338:Pant
1236:2018
1208:2019
1179:2011
1157:2011
1120:2011
1065:ISBN
1037:2011
1011:2011
972:2011
941:2011
900:2015
822:YMCA
667:tons
577:1803
504:for
409:for
339:and
210:Fire
177:CF47
484:of
471:bet
405:or
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