998:. These are believed to have independent influences on the sea lamprey behavior. One group of pheromones serves a migratory function in that when they are made by larvae, they are thought to lure maturing adults into streams with suitable spawning habitat. Sex pheromones emitted from males are capable of luring females long distances to specific locations. These pheromones are both several different compounds thought to elicit different behaviors that collectively influence the lampreys to exhibit migratory or spawning behaviors. Scientists are trying to characterize the function of each pheromone, and each part of the molecules, to determine if they can be used in a targeted effort at environmentally friendly lamprey control. However, as of 2017, the most effective control measures still involve the application of
1884:
Wiedemann, Leanne M; Sower, Stacia A; Decatur, Wayne A; Hall, Jeffrey A; Amemiya, Chris T; Saha, Nil R; Buckley, Katherine M; Rast, Jonathan P; Das, Sabyasachi; Hirano, Masayuki; McCurley, Nathanael; Guo, Peng; Rohner, Nicolas; Tabin, Clifford J; Piccinelli, Paul; Elgar, Greg; Ruffier, Magali; Aken, Bronwen L; Searle, Stephen M J; Muffato, Matthieu; Pignatelli, Miguel; Herrero, Javier; Jones, Matthew; Brown, C Titus; Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen; Nanlohy, Kaben G; Libants, Scot V; Yeh, Chu-Yin; McCauley, David W; Langeland, James A; Pancer, Zeev; Fritzsch, Bernd; de Jong, Pieter J; Zhu, Baoli; Fulton, Lucinda L; Theising, Brenda; Flicek, Paul; Bronner, Marianne E; Warren, Wesley C; Clifton, Sandra W; Wilson, Richard K; Li, Weiming (2013).
917:, which means that it has no predators. The sea lamprey is an aggressive predator by nature, which gives it a competitive advantage in a lake system where it has no predators and its prey lacks defenses against it. The sea lamprey played a large role in the destruction of the Lake Superior trout population. Lamprey introduction along with poor, unsustainable fishing practices caused the lake trout populations to decline drastically. The relationship between predators and prey in the Great Lakes ecosystem then became unbalanced. Each individual sea lamprey has the potential of killing 40 pounds of fish through its 12â18 month feeding period.
926:
42:
694:
107:
937:
82:
63:
1022:(DEEP) has taken a different path to this same goal by introducing sea lampreys to freshwater rivers and lakes of the Connecticut River watershed, and providing easier access around dams and other barriers for the lampreys to reach spawning sites high upstream. After preying on larger fish at sea, the adult lampreys migrate up the rivers to spawn, whereupon they quickly die of natural causes and
728:(PUFA) in the gills shifts towards higher amounts of SFA, as they affect the fluidity of the membrane, and higher levels of SFA lead to a decrease in permeability compared to PUFA. Lamprey ammocoetes have a relatively narrow range of salinity tolerance, but become better able to withstand wider ranges of salinity concentrations as they reach later stages of life. Tight regulation of
655:; from their lake or sea habitats, they migrate up rivers to spawn. Females deposit a large number of eggs in nests made by males in the substrate of streams with moderately strong current. Spawning is followed by the death of the adults. Larvae burrow in the sand and silt bottom in quiet water downstream from spawning areas and filter-feed on plankton and detritus.
568:-like openings behind the eye. Sea lampreys are olive or brown-yellow on the dorsal and lateral part of the body, with some black marblings, with lighter coloration on the belly. Within their seven-year lifespans, adults can reach a length of up to 120 cm (47 in) and a body weight up t 2.3 kg (5.1 lb).
942:
941:
938:
943:
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Another technique used in the prevention of lamprey population growth is the use of barriers in major reproduction streams of high value to the lamprey. The purpose of the barriers is to block their upstream migration to reduce reproduction. The issue with these barriers is that other aquatic species
1883:
Smith, Jeramiah J; Kuraku, Shigehiro; Holt, Carson; Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana; Jiang, Ning; Campbell, Michael S; Yandell, Mark D; Manousaki, Tereza; Meyer, Axel; Bloom, Ona E; Morgan, Jennifer R; Buxbaum, Joseph D; Sachidanandam, Ravi; Sims, Carrie; Garruss, Alexander S; Cook, Malcolm; Krumlauf, Robb;
713:. Changes in membrane composition influence the movement of different ions across the membrane, changing amounts of components to change the membranes' environment. In some instances, the sea lamprey has adapted to living exclusively in fresh water, as evidenced by the population in the Great Lakes.
2059:
Dunlop, Erin S.; McLaughlin, Rob; Adams, Jean V.; Jones, Michael; Birceanu, Oana; Christie, Mark R.; Criger, Lori A.; Hinderer, Julia L.M.; Hollingworth, Robert M.; Johnson, Nicholas S.; Lantz, Stephen R.; Li, Weiming; Miller, James; Morrison, Bruce J.; Mota-Sanchez, David; Muir, Andrew; SepĂșlveda,
818:
The lamprey genome may serve as a model for developmental biology and evolution studies involving transposition of repetitive sequences. The lamprey genome undergoes drastic rearrangements during early embryogenesis in which about 20% of the germline DNA from somatic tissues is shed. The genome is
970:
Genetic researchers have mapped the sea lamprey's genome in the hope of finding out more about evolution; scientists trying to eliminate the Great Lakes problem are coordinating with these genetic scientists, hoping to find out more about its immune system and fitting it into its place in the
940:
754:
in their blood. Urea is toxic to most fishes in high concentrations, and is usually excreted immediately. Lampreys are able to tolerate much higher concentrations than most other fish and excrete it at extremely high rates, obtained from ingested blood.
643:. The largest European populations of sea lampreys are located throughout the southwestern areas of Europe (north-central Portugal, north-northwest of Spain, and westâsouthwest of France). These countries also support the main fisheries of the species.
673:, prevents the victim's blood from clotting. Victims typically die from excessive blood loss or infection. After one year of hematophagous feeding, lampreys return to the river to spawn and die, a year and a half after the completion of metamorphosis.
1010:
are also inhibited by this barrier. Fish that use tributaries are impeded from traveling upstream to spawn. To account for this, barriers have been altered and designed to allow the passage of most fish species, but still impede others.
743:. When introduced to higher levels of acids, they are able to excrete excess acids at higher rates than most other saltwater fishes, and in much shorter times, with the majority of the transfer of ions occurring at the gill surface.
501:
native to the
Northern Hemisphere. It is sometimes referred to as the "vampire fish". In its original habitats, the sea lamprey coevolved with its hosts, and those hosts evolved a measure of resistance to the sea lampreys.
1648:
JoĂŁo, Maria; Machado, Maria; Ferreira, Ana; Quintella, Bernardo; Almeida, Pedro (2015). "Structural lipid changes and Na/K-ATPase activity of gill cells' basolateral membranes during saltwater acclimation in sea lamprey
889:
In its original habitats, the sea lamprey coevolved with its hosts, and those hosts evolved a measure of resistance to the sea lampreys. However, in the Great Lakes, the sea lamprey attacks native fish such as
1786:
Wilkie, Michael; Turnbull, Steven; Bird, Jonathan; Wang, Yuxiang; Claude, Jaime; Youson, John (2004). "Lamprey parasitism of sharks and teleosts: High capacity urea excretion in an extant vertebrate relic".
939:
564:. Its mouth is jawless, round and sucker-like, and as wide or wider than the head; sharp teeth are arranged in many concentric circular rows around a sharp, rasp-like tongue. There are seven branchial or
676:
Lampreys are considered a delicacy in some parts of Europe, and are seasonally available in France, Spain, and
Portugal. They are served pickled in Finland. Mostly known for preparing cooked or grilled
2060:
Maria S.; Steeves, Todd; Walter, Lisa; Westman, Erin; Wirgin, Isaac; Wilkie, Michael P. (2018). "Rapid evolution meets invasive species control: the potential for pesticide resistance in sea lamprey".
1019:
2139:
Pratt, T. C.; OâConnor, L. M.; Hallett, A. G. (2009). "Balancing
Aquatic Habitat Fragmentation and Control of Invasive Species: Enhancing Selective Fish Passage at Sea Lamprey Control Barriers".
658:
After several years in freshwater habitats, the larvae undergo a metamorphosis that allows young, post-metamorphic lampreys to migrate to the sea or lakes, and start the adult
2062:
819:
highly repetitive. About 35% of the current genome assembly is composed of repetitive elements with high sequence identity. Northern lampreys have the highest number of
1581:
1430:
1330:
3145:
1492:
3233:
1006:
has been detected in the Great Lakes. Further research and combined use of multiple control methods are needed to forestall future development of resistance.
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2313:
662:
method of feeding. Some individuals start hematophagous feeding in the river before migrating to the sea, where sea lampreys prey on a wide variety of fish.
2244:
2230:
1621:
1497:
Chi, Shaopeng; Xiao, Rong; Li, Qingwei; Zhou, Liwei; He, Rongqiao; Qi, Zhi (2009). "Suppression of neuronal excitability by the secretion of the lamprey (
3361:
759:
present in ingested elasmobranch blood aid in counteracting the detrimental effects of high urea concentration in the lamprey's bloodstream as it feeds.
1018:
The intent of lamprey control programs is a safer habitat and a healthier population growth for vulnerable native fish species such as lake trout. The
1383:
Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R., NachĂłn, D. J. & Cobo, F. (2013). "Hematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed
European sea lampreys
3277:
3106:
1344:
Silva, S.; Servia, M. J.; Vieira-Lanero, R.; Cobo, F. (2013a). "Downstream migration and hematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed sea lampreys (
3171:
964:
3366:
1444:
Silva, S.; AraĂșjo, M. J.; Bao, M.; Mucientes, G.; Cobo, F. (2014). "The haematophagous feeding stage of anadromous populations of sea lamprey
3259:
1314:
665:
The lamprey uses its suction cup-like mouth to attach itself to the skin of a fish and rasps away tissue with its sharp, probing tongue and
3381:
3272:
3386:
3336:
1966:
2196:
851:
538:
506:
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which opened in 1825 was not clear as of 2007. The species was first contained to Lake
Ontario due to the natural barrier formed by
3351:
3285:
3119:
2306:
2071:
1301:
AraĂșjo, M.J., Silva, S., Stratoudakis, Y., Gonçalves, M., Lopez, R., Carneiro, M., Martins, R., Cobo, F. and
Antunes, C. (2016).
3376:
241:
199:
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was built in the late 1800s - early 1900s, they were able to bypass
Niagara Falls and invade the remaining Great Lakes: Lakes
3371:
3346:
956:
3176:
3220:
2997:
705:
Due to its lifecycle that switches between fresh and salt water, the sea lamprey is adapted to tolerate a wide range of
3158:
3015:
2518:
2299:
1831:
1825:
Boehm, Thomas; Hirano, Masayuki; Holland, Stephen J.; Das, Sabyasachi; Schorpp, Michael; Cooper, Max D. (2018-04-26).
960:
925:
913:
The lake trout plays a vital role in the Lake
Superior ecosystem. The lake trout has traditionally been considered an
725:
41:
3072:
1270:
Silva, S.; Vieira-Lanero, R.; Barca, S.; Cobo, F. (2016). "Densities and biomass of larval Sea
Lamprey populations (
106:
1840:
620:. They have been found at depths up to 4000 meters and can tolerate temperatures of 1â20 °C (34â68 °F).
1134:
3238:
3085:
979:
831:
3331:
804:
3303:
2902:
2431:
3356:
3341:
2911:
2767:
2758:
2509:
991:
983:
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assists in regulating the lamprey's internal fluid and ion balance as it moves to areas of higher salinity.
2970:
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1941:
2932:
2812:
2785:
2680:
2593:
2527:
2422:
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as each individual has the potential of killing 40 pounds of fish through its 12â18 month feeding period.
2707:
2698:
2662:
2458:
1246:
3020:
2803:
2734:
2611:
2575:
2491:
1575:
1424:
1003:
910:, another invasive species, to explode in population, with adverse effects on many native fish species.
721:
221:
2794:
2716:
1247:"A 'vampire fish' is spawning in Vermont's waters. Experts say most of them are nothing to worry about"
693:
1973:. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program (NAS). Retrieved on 2007-08-04.
3290:
3041:
2979:
2148:
1396:
1203:
987:
899:
807:
and amino acid usage patterns compared to other vertebrates. The full sequence and annotation of the
526:
50:
2500:
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2449:
2268:
1083:
780:
776:
71:
3212:
2689:
2602:
1526:
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249:
101:
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1984:
588:
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2156:
2083:
2075:
1909:
1901:
1844:
1796:
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1715:
1700:"Ionoregulatory changes during metamorphosis and salinity exposure of juvenile sea lamprey (
1670:
1662:
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1510:
1465:
1457:
1404:
1357:
1283:
1211:
1078:
847:
636:
534:
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906:, which historically did not face sea lampreys. Elimination of these predators allowed the
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2845:
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2380:
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1970:
1849:
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1400:
1207:
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808:
3080:
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2893:
2776:
2620:
1914:
1885:
1274:
Linnaeus, 1758) in North West Spain and data comparisons with other
European regions".
907:
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652:
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605:
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522:
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1215:
3320:
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514:
237:
195:
91:
86:
1479:
1369:
858:, where it was first noticed in the 1830s, or whether it was introduced through the
803:
was sequenced in 2013. This sequencing effort revealed that the lamprey has unusual
3033:
2566:
2482:
2440:
2227:
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters
855:
747:
62:
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2413:
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1035:
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617:
2175:
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886:(1938), where it decimated indigenous fish populations in the 1930s and 1940s.
2224:
1514:
1461:
1361:
952:
891:
879:
859:
826:
Two genes important to immune functionâCDA1 and CDA2âwere first discovered in
820:
772:
518:
510:
2955:
2285:
2097:
1858:
1596:"Lamprey: a prehistoric sea monster sucks blood, then gets cooked in its own"
1544:
Silva, S., Servia, M.J., Vieira-Lanero, R., Barca, S. & Cobo, F. (2013).
1223:
955:
have met with varied success. The control programs are carried out under the
3054:
2079:
995:
871:
613:
495:
118:
3163:
1923:
1866:
1808:
1764:
1729:
1684:
1522:
1416:
1772:
769:
apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)s
17:
3093:
3007:
2949:
2827:
2635:
2342:
2291:
1946:
1111:
706:
138:
3251:
1231:
1191:
582:
27:
Parasitic lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) native to the Northern Hemisphere
3298:
3111:
3098:
2354:
2323:
2255:
1720:
1699:
1675:
1470:
1026:, thus providing a food source for the native freshwater fish species.
812:
709:. Cell membranes on the surface of the gills are major contributors to
666:
640:
550:
498:
168:
158:
148:
2160:
2111:
2088:
2013:
1408:
3137:
2992:
2336:
1626:
796:
768:
682:
128:
2926:
1905:
1566:
1545:
1287:
3059:
1698:
Reis-Santos, Patrick; McCormick, Stephen; Wilson, Jonathan (2008).
935:
924:
692:
54:
1827:"Evolution of Alternative Adaptive Immune Systems in Vertebrates"
3264:
1309:. Vol. 2. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 115â148.
756:
751:
565:
3046:
2930:
2295:
746:
Sea lampreys parasitize other fishes for their diet, including
1493:
Fig. 1 Effect of lamphredin from the buccal glands of lampreys
1054:
1052:
1050:
959:, a joint CanadaâU.S. body, specifically by the agents of the
561:
557:
1745:"Mechanisms of acid-base regulation in migrant sea lampreys (
1020:
Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
750:
such as sharks and rays, which have naturally high levels of
608:
along the shores of Europe and North America, in the western
1002:, or TFM, a selective pesticide, into rivers. As of 2018 no
2197:"Recovery: Why Sea Lampreys Need to Be Restored and Killed"
1743:
Wilkie, Michael; Couturier, Jennifer; Tufts, Bruce (1998).
2247:. Lists general information and resources for Sea Lamprey.
681:, the sea lamprey occasionally is caught in the rivers of
994:, and others in a research effort into newly synthesized
951:
Control efforts, including electric current and chemical
1501:) provides a mechanism for its evolutionary stability".
1303:"Ch. 20. Sea lamprey fisheries in the Iberian Peninsula"
549:
For broader coverage of general lamprey morphology, see
669:
teeth. A fluid produced in the lamprey's mouth, called
627:
basin in the United States, and invasive to the inland
1890:) genome provides insights into vertebrate evolution"
947:
Video of the breathing of sea lamprey. GijĂłn Aquarium
2054:
2052:
1448:: low host selectivity and wide range of habitats".
982:
have teamed up with others from the Universities of
2939:
2891:
2867:
2825:
2747:
2633:
2564:
2540:
2480:
2411:
2369:
1820:
1818:
1624:[What is lamprey? Scientists are divided].
2063:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
2037:McClelland, Edward (2008). "Great Lake Invaders".
1878:
1876:
1550:: duration of and growth in the marine life stage"
517:in 1919 where it has attacked native fish such as
604:The species is found in the northern and western
2243:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
1190:Applegate, Vernon C.; Moffett, James W. (1955).
1503:PflĂŒgers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology
2141:Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
1084:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T16781A18229984.en
2307:
1622:"Kas ir nÄÄŁis? ZinÄtniekiem vienprÄtÄ«bas nav"
720:) move towards the oceans, the ratio between
8:
1580:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1429:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1329:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2245:United States National Agricultural Library
2927:
2314:
2300:
2292:
1160:
1158:
80:
61:
40:
31:
2087:
1961:Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Factsheet:
1913:
1848:
1719:
1674:
1565:
1469:
1082:
732:and an overall decrease in expression of
623:In North America, they are native to the
1789:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
1655:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
1046:
965:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
328:
264:
2281:, February 1950, pp. 159â161/244.
1573:
1422:
1322:
685:as well together with river lampreys.
2008:
2006:
1850:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053028
7:
3304:4FB375CA-4DA1-4DC3-AC23-FAF1F15F3479
3086:81860d28-c0dc-4aec-b09a-a2e54b45a517
2014:"Sea Lamprey: A Great Lakes Invader"
1305:. In A. Orlov and R. Beamish (ed.).
1185:
1183:
616:, and as an invasive species in the
3327:IUCN Red List least concern species
1753:The Journal of Experimental Biology
1708:The Journal of Experimental Biology
1070:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
3362:Fish of the Eastern United States
2233:, United States Geological Survey
1387:on strictly freshwater species".
1216:10.1038/scientificamerican0455-36
1000:(3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol)
739:Lampreys also maintain acid-base
2795:Western Transcaucasian lamprey (
2174:AIS - Aquatic Invasive Species.
2072:National Research Council Canada
1886:"Sequencing of the sea lamprey (
1749:) following exhaustive exercise"
1142:Deeplyfish â fishes of the world
576:The etymology of the genus name
533:, Sea lampreys are considered a
505:It was likely introduced to the
105:
2237:Species Profile â Sea Lamprey (
1546:"Life cycle of the sea lamprey
835:
2039:E â the Environmental Magazine
1983:Dunbar, Willis (May 3, 1949).
1276:Marine and Freshwater Research
1105:Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017).
957:Great Lakes Fishery Commission
846:Sea lampreys are considered a
270:Dumeril 1812 non Erichson 1847
1:
3367:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
1245:Snyder, Alec (25 June 2020).
823:(164â174) among vertebrates.
697:Two sea lamprey preying on a
383:Pallas 1814 non ForsskÄl 1775
375:ForsskÄl 1775 non Pallas 1814
49:Multiple sea lampreys in the
3382:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2804:Far Eastern brook lamprey (
2432:Pit-Klamath brook lamprey (
2275:"Battle of the Great Lakes"
1832:Annual Review of Immunology
1307:Jawless Fishes of the World
961:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
726:polyunsaturated fatty acids
596:is Latin for "of the sea".
445:Petromyzon marinus unicolor
437:Petromyzon marinus dorsatus
315:Rafinesque 1815 nomen nudum
307:Rafinesque 1815 nomen nudum
3403:
3387:Habitats Directive species
3337:Fish of the North Atlantic
2492:Carpathian Brook Lamprey (
2231:GLANSIS Species Fact Sheet
1801:10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.06.001
1667:10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.018
854:. Whether it is native to
560:-like body without paired
548:
2510:Ukrainian brook lamprey (
2331:
1515:10.1007/s00424-008-0631-1
1462:10.1007/s10750-014-1879-4
1362:10.1007/s10750-012-1237-3
980:Michigan State University
783:âhave been discovered in
255:
248:
227:
220:
102:Scientific classification
100:
78:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
2786:Siberian brook lamprey (
2768:American brook lamprey (
2726:European brook lamprey (
2681:European river lamprey (
2612:Mountain brook lamprey (
2603:Southern brook lamprey (
2594:Northern brook lamprey (
2277:by CleLand Van Dresser,
2183:Indiana State Government
1989:Western Michigan at Work
1950:. February 2011 version.
1942:"Family Petromyzontidae"
1940:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1630:(in Latvian). 2023-05-20
929:Mouth of a sea lamprey,
805:guanine-cytosine content
600:Distribution and habitat
3352:Fish of the Great Lakes
2912:Mexican brook lamprey (
2855:Non-parasitic lamprey (
2759:Alaskan brook lamprey (
2735:Western brook lamprey (
2717:Pacific brook lamprey (
2699:Turkish brook lamprey (
2672:Western river lamprey (
2459:Klamath River lamprey (
2267:genome assembly in the
2080:10.1139/cjfas-2017-0015
1389:Journal of Fish Biology
556:The sea lamprey has an
3377:Fish described in 1758
2399:Ionian brook lamprey (
1765:10.1242/jeb.201.9.1473
948:
933:
716:As the larvae (called
702:
462:Petromyzon leucopterus
3372:Parasitic vertebrates
3347:Fish of North America
2645:Least Brook lamprey (
2450:Miller Lake lamprey (
2423:Modoc brook lamprey (
2288:on Sealife Collection
1077:: e.T16781A18229984.
1004:lampricide resistance
946:
928:
866:. However, after the
834:across lampreys. See
830:and then found to be
757:Trimethylamine oxides
722:saturated fatty acids
696:
421:Petromyzon adriaticus
396:Petromyzon americanus
3081:Fauna Europaea (new)
2846:Australian lamprey (
2690:Kern brook lamprey (
2654:Portuguese lamprey (
2528:Vladykov's lamprey (
2519:Drin brook Lamprey (
2225:Invading Species.com
1059:NatureServe (2013).
811:is available on the
429:Petromyzon maculosus
404:Petromyzon nigricans
380:Petromyzon lampetrus
372:Petromyzon lampetrus
51:Aquarium Finisterrae
2269:UCSC Genome Browser
2153:2009TrAFS.138..652P
1401:2013JFBio..82.1739S
1208:1955SciAm.192d..36A
1196:Scientific American
453:Oceanomyzon wilsoni
72:Conservation status
2998:petromyzon-marinus
2985:Petromyzon_marinus
2971:Petromyzon marinus
2941:Petromyzon marinus
2813:Lombardy lamprey (
2585:Chestnut Lamprey (
2355:Petromyzontiformes
2239:Petromyzon marinus
2203:. 11 December 2017
1969:2009-05-11 at the
1963:Petromyzon marinus
1888:Petromyzon marinus
1747:Petromyzon marinus
1721:10.1242/jeb.014423
1702:Petromyzon marinus
1653:, L.) juveniles".
1651:Petromyzon marinus
1548:Petromyzon marinus
1446:Petromyzon marinus
1385:Petromyzon marinus
1348:Linnaeus, 1758)".
1346:Petromyzon marinus
1272:Petromyzon marinus
1168:Petromyzon marinus
1063:Petromyzon marinus
949:
934:
931:Petromyzon marinus
921:Efforts at control
852:Great Lakes region
801:Petromyzon marinus
703:
539:Great Lakes region
507:Great Lakes region
491:Petromyzon marinus
471:Petromyzon maurari
412:Ammocoetes bicolor
388:Petromyzon maximus
355:Bathymyzon bairdii
231:Petromyzon marinus
169:Petromyzontiformes
3314:
3313:
2933:Taxon identifiers
2924:
2923:
2903:Mexican lamprey (
2837:Chilean lamprey (
2552:Pouched lamprey (
2521:E. stankokaramani
2468:Pacific lamprey (
2381:Caspian lamprey (
2279:Popular Mechanics
2161:10.1577/t08-118.1
1714:(Pt 6): 978â988.
1499:Lampetra japonica
1409:10.1111/jfb.12100
1316:978-1-4438-8582-9
1192:"The Sea Lamprey"
1135:"Petromyzontidae"
1114:version (02/2017)
1107:"Petromyzontidae"
978:Researchers from
973:phylogenetic tree
944:
651:Sea lampreys are
625:Connecticut River
610:Mediterranean Sea
482:
481:
475:
466:
457:
449:
441:
433:
425:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
367:
359:
351:
335:
325:
316:
308:
300:
292:
284:
271:
261:
202:
95:
16:(Redirected from
3394:
3307:
3306:
3294:
3293:
3281:
3280:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3228:
3226:NBNSYS0000188586
3216:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3180:
3179:
3167:
3166:
3154:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3128:
3127:
3115:
3114:
3102:
3101:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3050:
3049:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3011:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2987:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2928:
2777:Arctic lamprey (
2621:Silver lamprey (
2501:Korean lamprey (
2316:
2309:
2302:
2293:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2112:"TFM fact sheet"
2108:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1980:
1974:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1759:(9): 1473â1482.
1740:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1678:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1420:
1395:(5): 1739â1745.
1380:
1374:
1373:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1056:
945:
842:Invasive species
815:genome browser.
767:Two presumptive
513:in 1825 and the
473:
464:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
414:
406:
398:
390:
382:
374:
365:
363:Petromyzon ruber
357:
349:
333:
324:Species synonymy
323:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
269:
259:
233:
194:
110:
109:
89:
84:
83:
65:
44:
32:
21:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3332:Petromyzontidae
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3258:
3250:
3247:Observation.org
3245:
3237:
3232:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3196:
3188:
3183:
3175:
3170:
3162:
3157:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3110:
3105:
3097:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3058:
3053:
3045:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3019:
3014:
3006:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2983:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2935:
2925:
2920:
2887:
2863:
2821:
2779:L. camtschatica
2743:
2663:Qurem lamprey (
2656:L. alavariensis
2629:
2560:
2536:
2476:
2407:
2390:Greek lamprey (
2365:
2361:Petromyzontidae
2327:
2320:
2221:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1971:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1906:10.1038/ng.2568
1894:Nature Genetics
1882:
1881:
1874:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1572:
1567:10.3354/ab00488
1554:Aquatic Biology
1543:
1542:
1538:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1421:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1321:
1317:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1288:10.1071/MF15065
1269:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1016:
936:
923:
844:
793:
765:
691:
649:
602:
574:
554:
547:
478:
465:Rafinesque 1818
334:(Linnaeus 1758)
331:Lampetra marina
327:
326:
319:
263:
262:
244:
235:
229:
216:
213:P. marinus
193:
179:Petromyzontidae
104:
96:
85:
81:
74:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Fish of Canada
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:Fish of Europe
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3256:
3243:
3230:
3217:
3204:
3194:
3181:
3168:
3155:
3142:
3129:
3116:
3103:
3090:
3077:
3068:Fauna Europaea
3064:
3051:
3038:
3025:
3012:
3002:
2989:
2976:
2961:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2894:Tetrapleurodon
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:L. richardsoni
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2683:L. fluviatilis
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2576:Ohio lamprey (
2572:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:E. tridentatus
2465:
2456:
2447:
2443:E. macrostomus
2441:Lake lamprey (
2438:
2434:E. lethophagus
2429:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2272:
2259:
2252:Lamprey genome
2248:
2234:
2228:
2220:
2219:External links
2217:
2215:
2214:
2188:
2166:
2131:
2103:
2048:
2029:
2002:
1975:
1953:
1938:Froese, Rainer
1929:
1900:(4): 415â421.
1872:
1841:Annual Reviews
1814:
1795:(4): 485â492.
1778:
1735:
1690:
1640:
1613:
1587:
1536:
1509:(3): 537â545.
1485:
1456:(1): 187â199.
1436:
1375:
1336:
1315:
1293:
1262:
1237:
1179:
1170:â Sea lamprey"
1154:
1126:
1097:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1015:
1012:
922:
919:
896:lake whitefish
843:
840:
809:lamprey genome
792:
789:
764:
761:
711:ionoregulation
690:
687:
648:
645:
633:Lake Champlain
606:Atlantic Ocean
601:
598:
573:
570:
546:
543:
523:lake whitefish
480:
479:
477:
476:
467:
458:
450:
442:
434:
426:
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
377:
368:
360:
352:
336:
322:
321:
320:
318:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
272:
260:Genus synonymy
258:
257:
256:
253:
252:
246:
245:
236:
225:
224:
218:
217:
210:
208:
204:
203:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
98:
97:
79:
76:
75:
70:
67:
66:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3399:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2879:Sea lamprey (
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2815:L. zanandreai
2811:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2761:L. alaskensis
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2710:L. lusitanica
2706:
2704:
2702:
2701:L. lanceolata
2697:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2665:L. auremensis
2661:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2392:C. hellenicus
2388:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2176:"Sea lamprey"
2170:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2147:(3): 652â65.
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1985:"May 3, 1949"
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1641:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1601:
1600:Atlas Obscura
1597:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:Hydrobiologia
1447:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:Hydrobiologia
1347:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1143:
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915:apex predator
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869:
868:Welland Canal
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742:
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735:
731:
727:
723:
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708:
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695:
688:
686:
684:
680:
679:river lamprey
674:
672:
668:
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660:hematophagous
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366:LacepĂšde 1800
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88:
87:Least Concern
77:
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68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
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2913:
2904:
2892:
2880:
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2868:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2806:L. reissneri
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
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2664:
2655:
2647:L. aepyptera
2646:
2634:
2623:I. unicuspis
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2587:I. castaneus
2586:
2577:
2567:Ichthyomyzon
2565:
2554:G. australis
2553:
2541:
2530:E. vladykovi
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2483:Eudontomyzon
2481:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2370:
2278:
2263:
2238:
2205:. Retrieved
2200:
2191:
2182:
2169:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2106:
2067:
2061:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2021:. Retrieved
2018:www.glfc.org
2017:
1995:December 17,
1993:. Retrieved
1988:
1978:
1962:
1956:
1945:
1932:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1836:
1830:
1792:
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1707:
1701:
1693:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1632:. Retrieved
1625:
1616:
1606:15 September
1604:. Retrieved
1599:
1590:
1576:cite journal
1557:
1553:
1547:
1539:
1506:
1502:
1498:
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1453:
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1425:cite journal
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1345:
1339:
1306:
1296:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
1240:
1202:(4): 36â41.
1199:
1195:
1173:
1167:
1145:. Retrieved
1141:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1074:
1068:
1062:
1017:
1008:
977:
969:
950:
930:
912:
904:lake herring
888:
882:(1937), and
856:Lake Ontario
845:
827:
825:
817:
800:
794:
784:
766:
745:
738:
717:
715:
704:
675:
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664:
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622:
603:
593:
587:
586:"stone" and
581:
577:
575:
555:
531:lake herring
509:through the
504:
490:
489:
485:
483:
470:
461:
452:
444:
436:
428:
420:
415:Lesueur 1818
411:
407:Lesueur 1818
403:
399:Lesueur 1818
395:
387:
379:
371:
362:
354:
346:
342:
338:
330:
311:
303:
295:
287:
278:
274:
266:
230:
228:
212:
211:
189:
188:
35:Sea lamprey
29:
3278:sea-lamprey
3208:NatureServe
3133:iNaturalist
2965:Wikispecies
2905:T. spadicea
2839:M. lapicida
2788:L. kessleri
2770:L. appendix
2750:Lethenteron
2719:L. pacifica
2614:I. greeleyi
2578:I. bdellium
2494:E. danfordi
2425:E. folletti
2414:Entosphenus
2372:Caspiomyzon
2349:Hyperoartia
2286:Sea lamprey
2074:: 152â168.
2045:(2): 10â11.
1676:10174/16601
1471:10261/98126
1356:: 277â286.
1090:19 November
1036:Lamprey pie
1014:Restoration
953:lampricides
836:§Immunology
821:chromosomes
773:lymphocytes
741:homeostasis
730:Na/K-ATPase
699:brown trout
667:keratinized
629:Great Lakes
618:Great Lakes
592:"sucking";
545:Description
486:sea lamprey
456:Fowler 1908
440:Wilder 1883
432:Gronow 1854
391:Cuvier 1816
358:(Gill 1883)
299:Fowler 1908
296:Oceanomyzon
291:(Gill 1883)
159:Hyperoartia
3321:Categories
2914:T. geminis
2881:P. marinus
2870:Petromyzon
2857:M. praecox
2728:L. planeri
2674:L. ayresii
2461:E. similis
2452:E. minimus
2401:C. graecus
2383:C. wagneri
2284:Photos of
2201:nature.org
2089:1807/78674
2023:2024-07-04
1634:2024-07-24
1256:2020-06-30
1042:References
996:pheromones
892:lake trout
860:Erie Canal
828:P. marinus
785:P. marinus
763:Immunology
724:(SFA) and
718:ammocoetes
707:salinities
689:Physiology
671:lamphredin
653:anadromous
578:Petromyzon
519:lake trout
511:Erie Canal
474:DeKay 1840
424:Nardo 1847
343:Bathymyzon
339:Petromyzon
288:Bathymyzon
279:Bathymyzon
275:Petromyzon
267:Ammocoetus
190:Petromyzon
18:Petromyzon
2848:M. mordax
2692:L. hubbsi
2596:I. fossor
2512:E. mariae
2261:View the
2250:View the
2098:0706-652X
1859:0732-0582
1843:: 19â42.
1661:: 67â75.
1560:: 59â62.
1325:cite book
1224:0036-8733
1024:decompose
992:Wisconsin
984:Minnesota
832:conserved
614:Black Sea
572:Etymology
496:parasitic
448:Gage 1928
350:Gill 1883
283:Gill 1883
207:Species:
125:Kingdom:
119:Eukaryota
3213:2.106340
3151:11359260
3094:FishBase
3005:BioLib:
2950:Wikidata
2828:Mordacia
2797:L. ninae
2636:Lampetra
2605:I. gagei
2503:E. morii
2343:Chordata
2337:Animalia
2335:Kingdom
2119:glfc.org
1967:Archived
1947:FishBase
1924:23435085
1867:29144837
1809:15369838
1730:18310123
1685:26244517
1523:19198874
1480:17796757
1417:23639169
1370:16752713
1232:24944609
1174:FishBase
1112:FishBase
1030:See also
963:and the
884:Superior
878:(1936),
876:Michigan
874:(1921),
791:Genetics
734:H-ATPase
637:New York
580:is from
304:Lampreda
250:Synonyms
238:Linnaeus
196:Linnaeus
175:Family:
139:Chordata
135:Phylum:
129:Animalia
115:Domain:
92:IUCN 3.1
3299:ZooBank
3112:2421262
2956:Q385764
2543:Geotria
2359:Family
2341:Phylum
2326:species
2324:lamprey
2322:Extant
2264:petMar2
2256:Ensembl
2207:8 April
2149:Bibcode
2124:8 April
1915:3709584
1773:9547326
1397:Bibcode
1282:: 116.
1204:Bibcode
908:alewife
850:in the
838:above.
813:Ensembl
647:Ecology
641:Vermont
594:marinus
551:Lamprey
537:in the
499:lamprey
494:) is a
469: ?
460: ?
419: ?
370: ?
347:bairdii
185:Genus:
165:Order:
155:Class:
149:Agnatha
90: (
3291:101174
3265:101174
3177:159722
3073:304317
3060:PTEMMA
3047:580535
2993:ARKive
2353:Order
2347:Class
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1991:. WKZO
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1912:
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1627:lsm.lv
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1119:18 May
990:, and
988:Guelph
902:, and
797:genome
683:Latvia
612:, the
583:petro-
529:, and
312:Pricus
3286:WoRMS
3197:NAS:
3190:16781
3164:70237
3146:IRMNG
3138:49223
3034:6V6DZ
3021:27318
3008:15178
2179:(PDF)
2115:(PDF)
2070:(1).
1839:(1).
1527:S2CID
1476:S2CID
1366:S2CID
1228:JSTOR
1138:(PDF)
880:Huron
589:myzon
55:Spain
3273:ODNR
3260:OBIS
3252:2162
3239:7757
3234:NCBI
3185:IUCN
3172:ITIS
3120:GISD
3107:GBIF
3099:2530
3055:EPPO
3016:BOLD
2209:2018
2126:2018
2094:ISSN
1997:2019
1920:PMID
1863:PMID
1855:ISSN
1805:PMID
1769:PMID
1726:PMID
1704:L.)"
1681:PMID
1608:2018
1582:link
1519:PMID
1431:link
1413:PMID
1331:link
1311:ISBN
1220:ISSN
1149:2017
1121:2017
1092:2021
1075:2013
900:chub
872:Erie
848:pest
795:The
781:CDA2
779:and
777:CDA1
752:urea
639:and
631:and
566:gill
562:fins
535:pest
527:chub
484:The
242:1758
200:1758
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3159:ISC
3125:542
3042:EoL
3029:CoL
2980:ADW
2254:in
2157:doi
2145:138
2084:hdl
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1910:PMC
1902:doi
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