303:. The larvae accomplish their jumps by bending over, grabbing onto the rears of their own bodies with their mouth hooks, and tensing their muscles in a manner that increases the pressure on their own blood and internal organs. When they release their grip, the internal pressure straightens out the tubular body, propelling the forequarters upwards, the rest of the body following. Jumping is performed most typically when the larva is alarmed by a disturbance, or when it is abandoning its feeding site in preparation for pupation.
31:
53:
405:
1368:
247:. The mature larva is about 8 mm (0.31 in) long and is sometimes called the cheese skipper because of its leaping ability - when disturbed, this tiny maggot can hop some 15 cm (6 in) into the air. Adults are also known as bacon flies and their larvae as bacon skippers, ham skippers, cheese maggots, cheese hoppers, etc. In the
320:
occurs. In prime areas of the antler, near oviposition sites (cracks in the antler surface), males spend much of their time battling rival males. Males spend their entire lives competing on the same antler (only leaving to spend the night in nearby vegetation), making it possible to mark flies
439:
The family differs from the similar looking family
Sepsidae in several characters, particularly in having the costa broken at the end of the subcosta, the setulose mesonotum and the absence of a hair or fine bristle arising on the posterior edge of the posterior spiracle of the thorax.
342:. In particular, the antennae, forelegs, and heads of the males are adapted in unusual ways to their behaviour in combat and courtship. A male courts a female by dancing side-to-side, forequarters held high, displaying his elongated antennae and vibrating his elongated forelegs.
215:. For a fly maggot, the larvae of many species have an unusually well-developed ability to leap when alarmed or when abandoning their larval food to pupate; they accordingly may be known as
3763:
396:
is not the only piophilid species to attack human corpses, so caution is appropriate in identification of the species found and in interpretation of their significance.
392:
larvae may be useful in estimating the date of death for human remains because they do not take up residence in a corpse until three to six months after death. However,
321:
individually and obtain longitudinal field data on these tiny insects. This unique ecology made it possible to document senescence in wild insects for the first time.
3637:
460:. The nomenclature is volatile, with two subfamily names (Neottiophilinae and Thyreophorinae) in use recently, having been subsumed in the subfamily Piophilinae.
3676:
1396:
1440:
312:, commonly known as the antler fly, breeds on discarded antlers of moose and other deer. On discarded antlers, the males form complex, highly structured
3611:
3650:
1193:
1403:
1350:
1316:
1258:
McAlpine, JF (1977). "A revised classification of the
Piophilidae, including 'Neottiophilidae' and 'Thyreophoridae' (Diptera: Schizophora)".
1177:
911:
877:
850:
622:
McAlpine, JF (1977). "A revised classification of the
Piophilidae, including 'Neottiophilidae' and 'Thyreophoridae' (Diptera: Schizophora)".
1139:
Bonduriansky, R. (2003). "Layered sexual selection: a comparative analysis of sexual behaviour within an assemblage of piophilid flies".
412:
Piophilidae are small flies, often dark in color and shiny. The wings are usually clear and unmarked, with the exception of the genera
1326:
275:
The adult cheese fly's body is black, blue-black, or bronze, with some yellow on the head, antennae, and legs. The wings are faintly
662:
3725:
750:
735:
765:
1433:
3655:
1000:
3663:
1399:
Featured
Creatures Web site (note that many of the images on this site show other species misidentified as Piophila casei)
3758:
365:. In the gut, the larvae may cause serious lesions by attempting to bore through the intestinal walls. Symptoms include
129:
3520:
3497:
52:
3590:
3681:
700:
3603:
1426:
678:
Rochefort, S.; et al. (2015). "Key to forensically important
Piophilidae (Diptera) in the Nearctic Region".
457:
236:
3422:
30:
239:, and a typical member of the family. It is a small species, about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. The fly's
3437:
2601:
1388:
326:
313:
308:
3712:
1392:
712:
667:
609:
283:
when at rest. At 4 mm (0.16 in) long, the fly is one-third to one-half as long as the common
3525:
574:
497:
483:
299:, the larvae of typical piophilids are notorious for jumping or "skipping", especially in their final
3753:
3730:
3691:
3559:
3484:
339:
145:
504:
155:
1197:
539:
518:
511:
449:
385:
208:
203:
are the best-known members, but most species of the
Piophilidae are scavengers in animal products,
3270:
602:
588:
553:
3094:
1662:
1220:
1028:
981:
931:
532:
490:
469:
330:, occurs in North America. It is one of the carrion-feeding piophilids and is remarkable for its
317:
269:
212:
164:
150:
47:
3717:
581:
525:
595:
3699:
3546:
1947:
1346:
1334:
1312:
1240:
1173:
1167:
1095:
1020:
907:
901:
873:
867:
846:
658:
331:
248:
3704:
3642:
3475:
1372:
840:
3322:
3228:
3211:
3089:
2531:
2134:
1891:
1802:
1267:
1232:
1148:
1085:
1012:
1001:"Leaping behaviour and responses to moisture and sound in larvae of piophilid carrion flies"
973:
631:
189:
1327:
Filth Flies: Significance, Surveillance and
Control in Contingency Operations (.pdf format)
2939:
2934:
2799:
2698:
2647:
2484:
2165:
2030:
1856:
1848:
1670:
1629:
193:
3598:
3585:
3220:
3146:
3060:
2997:
2913:
2848:
2830:
2815:
2721:
2716:
2565:
2343:
2264:
2220:
2181:
1955:
1874:
1815:
1810:
1678:
1576:
960:
Maitland, David P. (1992). "Locomotion by jumping in the
Mediterranean fruit-fly larva
814:
39:
1378:
350:
If swallowed (whether accidentally or otherwise), the larvae sometimes survive in the
3747:
3361:
3353:
3344:
3236:
3170:
3162:
3115:
3081:
2897:
2853:
2758:
2750:
2672:
2662:
2606:
2578:
2468:
2327:
2280:
2249:
2001:
1993:
1904:
1784:
1776:
1704:
1686:
1605:
1305:
760:
567:
3489:
1236:
1032:
404:
3551:
3502:
3392:
3384:
3375:
3317:
3278:
3261:
3136:
3036:
2973:
2881:
2858:
2789:
2734:
2711:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2642:
2621:
2536:
2497:
2460:
2430:
2388:
2367:
2335:
2236:
2186:
1984:
1883:
1794:
1742:
1734:
1637:
1613:
1551:
1493:
985:
476:
429:
114:
1285:
Ozerov, A.L. (2004). "On the classification of the family
Piophilidae (Diptera)".
3668:
3624:
3469:
3309:
3288:
3019:
3002:
2978:
2965:
2889:
2868:
2781:
2773:
2763:
2706:
2677:
2637:
2611:
2502:
2421:
2305:
2272:
2215:
2152:
2109:
1963:
1922:
1914:
1896:
1789:
1771:
1584:
1114:
799:
718:
296:
276:
1367:
381:. Some species also have been known to cause naso-oral and urogenital myiasis.
3301:
3244:
3178:
3154:
3128:
3073:
2905:
2876:
2843:
2820:
2742:
2629:
2596:
2583:
2557:
2492:
2380:
2207:
2194:
2139:
2089:
2046:
2038:
1755:
1721:
1713:
1560:
1533:
1525:
1509:
783:
723:
560:
433:
359:
335:
264:
228:
3460:
1024:
3572:
3327:
3283:
3120:
3110:
3044:
3028:
2952:
2944:
2926:
2838:
2825:
2807:
2794:
2573:
2523:
2510:
2447:
2439:
2351:
2254:
2241:
2228:
2173:
2118:
2054:
2014:
1823:
1621:
1481:
1469:
1383:
617:
Recent works containing keys for identification of the
Piophilidae include:
453:
351:
84:
64:
1244:
1099:
755:
1418:
1047:
3533:
3512:
3454:
3052:
2960:
2685:
2588:
2544:
2396:
2359:
2144:
2126:
1592:
1487:
1271:
1221:"Skipping clues: Forensic importance of the family Piophilidae (Diptera)"
635:
546:
374:
370:
284:
256:
252:
1016:
354:
and pass through the digestive system alive. Such behaviour is known as
3538:
2318:
1568:
1343:
Handbook of Urban Insects And Arachnids: A Handbook of Urban Entomology
736:
The Western Palearctic subfamilies, tribes and genera of Piophilidae -
362:
355:
280:
244:
204:
196:
3629:
770:
3102:
2160:
1475:
1463:
977:
366:
300:
259:
94:
74:
3616:
3431:
1152:
1090:
1073:
3577:
403:
378:
240:
3435:
2086:
1506:
1422:
1450:
295:
Like the larvae of various fly families, including the family
104:
3564:
219:
or other kinds of skippers according to their food source.
1166:
David Alan Warrell; Timothy M. Cox; John D. Firth (2003).
657:. Appendix Volume. Science Herald, Budapest.pp 355–365.
243:
infest cured meats, smoked or salted fish, cheeses, and
1335:"Diptera, Ephemeroptera: Piophilidae: Cheese skipper (
866:
Gary R. Mullen; Lance A. Durden (27 September 2002).
672:
Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR
448:
The Piophilidae are a small family of less than 100
3444:
3383:
3374:
3352:
3343:
3300:
3269:
3260:
3219:
3210:
3145:
3072:
3027:
3018:
2990:
2925:
2867:
2772:
2733:
2697:
2620:
2556:
2522:
2459:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2379:
2326:
2317:
2304:
2263:
2206:
2117:
2108:
2013:
1992:
1983:
1946:
1913:
1882:
1873:
1847:
1754:
1733:
1712:
1703:
1661:
1604:
1559:
1550:
1524:
1304:
207:, and fungi. They may accordingly be important in
655:Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera
2362:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
255:, the larvae are intentionally introduced into
227:The most notorious member of the family is the
1899:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
1345:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–1.
1260:Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada
691:A still useful older work is Séguy, E. (1934)
670:Family Piophilidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988
646:(Vol. 2). Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 32.
624:Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada
377:. Both living and dead larvae may pass in the
1434:
1325:Lieutenant Brian F. Prendergast, USN (2001).
1307:Ninety-Nine More Maggots, Mites, and Munchers
834:
832:
830:
8:
1384:An extensive bibliography on the Piophilidae
1074:"Rapid and costly ageing in wild male flies"
680:Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification
432:flies, female piophilids have an extensible
428:, which have brown wing markings. Like all
3764:Taxa named by Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart
3432:
3380:
3349:
3266:
3216:
3207:
3024:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2323:
2314:
2310:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2083:
1989:
1980:
1943:
1879:
1870:
1844:
1709:
1700:
1658:
1556:
1547:
1521:
1517:
1503:
1441:
1427:
1419:
1169:Oxford Textbook of Medicine: Sections 1-10
29:
20:
1089:
674:Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition
456:in distribution, though some species are
1172:. Oxford University Press. p. 853.
1072:Bonduriansky, R.; Brassil, C.E. (2002).
408:Morphological details of the Piophilidae
3084:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
1219:Martín-Vega, Daniel (10 October 2011).
1194:"Discovery Channel: You're on the Case"
826:
653:. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, A. (eds).
999:Bonduriansky, Russell (October 2002).
925:
923:
900:Gordh, G.; Headrick, David H. (2001).
701:Bibliotheque Virtuelle Numerique pdf
699:. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28
7:
3692:0fb4b2ad-da07-4cd1-ae6b-6dca9f01e00b
3604:089fdc7e-035d-424b-9c7f-855397fe0c56
842:Forensic Entomology: An Introduction
697:Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae
2547:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
373:, pain in the abdomen, and bloody
14:
869:Medical and Veterinary Entomology
346:Medical and forensic significance
1366:
1311:. University of Illinois Press.
810:. University of New South Wales.
794:. University of New South Wales.
51:
1237:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.016
872:. Academic Press. p. 139.
463:The genera of Piophilidae are:
1225:Forensic Science International
262:to produce the characteristic
1:
2231:(dagger flies, balloon flies)
1379:Family description and images
452:species in 21 genera, mainly
279:and lie flat upon the fly's
3423:List of families of Diptera
3055:(house flies, stable flies)
1329:. Retrieved 1 October 2005.
1141:Canadian Journal of Zoology
306:The tiny piophilid species
3780:
1826:(dark-winged fungus gnats)
1818:(long-winged fungus gnats)
1805:(long-beaked fungus gnats)
1303:Berenbaum, May R. (1993).
903:A dictionary of entomology
644:Manual of Nearctic Diptera
3420:
3206:
2900:(vinegar and fruit flies)
2810:(lekking, or druid flies)
2416:
2313:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2082:
2033:(long-bodied crane flies)
1979:
1942:
1869:
1843:
1699:
1657:
1546:
1520:
1516:
1502:
1458:
1412:Atlas of Living Australia
1005:The Canadian Entomologist
839:Gennard, Dorothy (2012).
642:McAlpine JF. (ed.) 1989.
340:morphological adaptations
316:in which a great deal of
170:
163:
142:
137:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
1797:(predatory fungus gnats)
808:Evolutionary Biology Lab
792:Evolutionary Biology Lab
192:of "true flies", in the
2688:(black scavenger flies)
2049:(hairy-eyed craneflies)
1966:(primitive crane flies)
1724:(march flies, lovebugs)
1113:Bonduriansky, Russell.
1046:Bonduriansky, Russell.
318:territorial competition
3330:(horse and deer flies)
2602:Strongylophthalmyiidae
2513:(picture-winged flies)
2041:(limoniid crane flies)
1333:Robinson, W H (2005).
815:Images at Diptera.info
802:Prochyliza xanthostoma
786:Protopiophila litigata
409:
336:behavioural adaptation
327:Prochyliza xanthostoma
309:Protopiophila litigata
3713:Paleobiology Database
2916:(frightful hairy fly)
2745:(beetle-backed flies)
2283:(tangle-veined flies)
2168:(hilarimorphid flies)
2129:(flower-loving flies)
1958:(phantom crane flies)
932:"The cheese skipper (
906:. CABI. p. 701.
845:. Wiley. p. 67.
761:Australasian/Oceanian
713:Thyreophora cynophila
693:Diptères: Brachycères
407:
3599:Fauna Europaea (new)
3247:(wood soldier flies)
3097:(New Zealand batfly)
3047:(little house flies)
2539:(stilt-legged flies)
2450:(thick-headed flies)
2346:(spear-winged flies)
2275:(small-headed flies)
2004:(winter crane flies)
1579:(frog-biting midges)
1287:Entomological Review
1272:10.4039/entm109103fv
930:Don C. Mote (1914).
636:10.4039/entm109103fv
334:and its patterns of
268:("rotten cheese" in
3759:Brachycera families
3312:(water snipe flies)
2833:(upside-down flies)
2370:(flat-footed flies)
2354:(flat-footed flies)
2223:(long-legged flies)
2057:(large crane flies)
1673:(net-winged midges)
1640:(non-biting midges)
1017:10.4039/Ent134647-5
943:The Ohio Naturalist
386:forensic entomology
209:forensic entomology
2981:(freeloader flies)
2784:(leaf miner flies)
2724:(small dung flies)
2568:(stalk-eyed flies)
2391:(big-headed flies)
1849:Perissommatomorpha
1679:Deuterophlebiidae
1663:Blephariceromorpha
962:Ceratitis capitata
410:
388:, the presence of
324:The waltzing fly,
291:Behaviour patterns
213:medical entomology
3741:
3740:
3700:Open Tree of Life
3438:Taxon identifiers
3429:
3428:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3370:
3369:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3313:
3292:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3229:Pantophthalmidae
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3132:
3124:
3106:
3098:
3085:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3040:
3014:
3013:
3006:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2948:
2935:Acartophthalmidae
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2884:(quasimodo flies)
2834:
2811:
2803:
2785:
2754:
2746:
2725:
2689:
2681:
2633:
2592:
2569:
2548:
2540:
2514:
2506:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2451:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2245:
2232:
2224:
2198:
2190:
2177:
2169:
2156:
2148:
2130:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2024:
2005:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1948:Ptychopteromorpha
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1900:
1865:
1864:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1806:
1803:Lygistorrhinidae
1798:
1780:
1765:
1746:
1725:
1695:
1694:
1682:
1681:(mountain midges)
1674:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1616:(solitary midges)
1596:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1571:(meniscus midges)
1542:
1541:
1352:978-0-521-81253-5
1318:978-0-252-06322-0
1179:978-0-19-857014-1
972:(6356): 159–161.
913:978-0-85199-291-4
879:978-0-08-053607-1
852:978-1-119-94543-7
800:"Waltzing Flies (
668:Stackelberg, A.A.
332:sexual dimorphism
182:
181:
133:
3771:
3734:
3733:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3672:
3671:
3669:NBNSYS0000160721
3659:
3658:
3646:
3645:
3633:
3632:
3620:
3619:
3607:
3606:
3594:
3593:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3567:
3555:
3554:
3542:
3541:
3529:
3528:
3516:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3433:
3394:
3381:
3350:
3345:Vermileonomorpha
3329:
3323:Pelecorhynchidae
3311:
3290:
3267:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3217:
3212:Stratiomyomorpha
3208:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3130:
3122:
3104:
3096:
3095:Mystacinobiidae
3090:Mesembrinellidae
3083:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3025:
3004:
2980:
2967:
2954:
2946:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2832:
2809:
2801:
2800:Aulacigastridae
2783:
2752:
2744:
2723:
2687:
2679:
2631:
2607:Syringogastridae
2590:
2567:
2546:
2538:
2532:Cypselosomatidae
2512:
2504:
2486:
2485:Platystomatidae
2478:
2470:
2449:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2398:
2390:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2282:
2274:
2243:
2230:
2222:
2197:(stiletto flies)
2196:
2188:
2175:
2167:
2166:Hilarimorphidae
2154:
2146:
2135:Apsilocephalidae
2128:
2115:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2084:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2031:Cylindrotomidae
2023:
2022:
2018:
2003:
1990:
1981:
1965:
1957:
1944:
1924:
1898:
1892:Canthyloscelidae
1880:
1871:
1845:
1825:
1817:
1804:
1796:
1778:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1744:
1723:
1710:
1701:
1680:
1672:
1671:Blephariceridae
1659:
1639:
1631:
1630:Ceratopogonidae
1623:
1615:
1594:
1587:(phantom midges)
1586:
1578:
1570:
1557:
1548:
1522:
1518:
1504:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1415:
1408:: Skipper Flies"
1371:Data related to
1370:
1356:
1322:
1310:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1200:on 16 March 2006
1196:. Archived from
1190:
1184:
1183:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1119:bonduriansky.net
1115:"Waltzing flies"
1110:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1052:bonduriansky.net
1043:
1037:
1036:
996:
990:
989:
978:10.1038/355159a0
957:
951:
950:
940:
927:
918:
917:
897:
891:
890:
888:
886:
863:
857:
856:
836:
811:
795:
687:
639:
575:Protothyreophora
498:Centrophlebomyia
199:. The so-called
128:
56:
55:
33:
21:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3690:
3688:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3623:
3615:
3610:
3602:
3597:
3589:
3584:
3576:
3571:
3563:
3558:
3550:
3545:
3537:
3532:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3400:
3376:Xylophagomorpha
3366:
3335:
3296:
3252:
3239:(soldier flies)
3186:
3141:
3131:(tachina flies)
3068:
3061:Scathophagidae
3039:(cabbage flies)
3010:
2986:
2940:Australimyzidae
2921:
2914:Mormotomyiidae
2863:
2831:Neurochaetidae
2768:
2729:
2722:Sphaeroceridae
2699:Sphaeroceroidea
2693:
2653:Heterocheilidae
2648:Helosciomyzidae
2616:
2552:
2518:
2505:(peacock flies)
2471:(flutter flies)
2455:
2404:
2375:
2344:Lonchopteridae
2288:
2259:
2237:Homalocnemiidae
2221:Dolichopodidae
2202:
2092:
2062:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2009:
1971:
1956:Ptychopteridae
1930:
1909:
1861:
1857:Perissommatidae
1831:
1816:Rangomaramidae
1761:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1729:
1691:
1645:
1632:(biting midges)
1600:
1577:Corethrellidae
1538:
1512:
1498:
1454:
1447:
1402:
1363:
1353:
1332:
1319:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1153:10.1139/z03-031
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1091:10.1038/420377a
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1040:
998:
997:
993:
959:
958:
954:
938:
929:
928:
921:
914:
899:
898:
894:
884:
882:
880:
865:
864:
860:
853:
838:
837:
828:
823:
798:
784:"Antler Flies (
782:
779:
777:Image galleries
747:
732:
708:
677:
621:
615:
446:
402:
348:
338:and associated
293:
225:
217:cheese skippers
173:Neottiophilidae
146:Neottiophilinae
127:
50:
17:
16:Family of flies
12:
11:
5:
3777:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3722:
3709:
3696:
3686:
3673:
3660:
3647:
3634:
3621:
3608:
3595:
3586:Fauna Europaea
3582:
3569:
3556:
3543:
3530:
3517:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3466:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3389:
3387:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3354:Vermileonoidea
3347:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3281:
3279:Austroleptidae
3275:
3273:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3237:Stratiomyidae
3234:
3231:(timber flies)
3225:
3223:
3221:Stratiomyoidea
3214:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3176:
3171:Nycteribiidae
3168:
3163:Hippoboscidae
3160:
3157:(tsetse flies)
3151:
3149:
3147:Hippoboscoidea
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3121:Sarcophagidae
3118:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3087:
3082:Calliphoridae
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2998:Cryptochetidae
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2898:Drosophilidae
2895:
2887:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2849:Periscelididae
2846:
2841:
2836:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:Fergusoninidae
2813:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2778:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:Chamaemyiidae
2748:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2717:Nannodastiidae
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2487:(signal flies)
2482:
2479:(cheese flies)
2474:
2469:Pallopteridae
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2338:(ironic flies)
2332:
2330:
2321:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:Nemestrinidae
2278:
2269:
2267:
2265:Nemestrinoidea
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2189:(window flies)
2184:
2182:Mythicomyiidae
2179:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2147:(robber flies)
2142:
2137:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:Trichoceridae
1998:
1996:
1994:Trichoceroidea
1987:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1875:Psychodomorpha
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1811:Mycetophilidae
1808:
1800:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:Cecidomyiidae
1774:
1772:Bolitophilidae
1768:
1766:
1762:(fungus gnats)
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1619:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1400:
1389:Piophila casei
1386:
1381:
1376:
1375:at Wikispecies
1362:
1361:External links
1359:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1337:Piophila casei
1330:
1323:
1317:
1297:
1296:
1277:
1250:
1211:
1185:
1178:
1158:
1147:(3): 479–491.
1131:
1105:
1064:
1048:"Antler flies"
1038:
1011:(5): 647–656.
991:
952:
934:Piophila casei
919:
912:
892:
878:
858:
851:
825:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
812:
796:
778:
775:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:Fauna Europaea
731:
728:
727:
726:
721:
716:
707:
704:
689:
688:
675:
665:
649:Ozerov, 2000.
647:
640:
614:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
557:
550:
543:
536:
529:
522:
515:
508:
505:Dasyphlebomyia
501:
494:
487:
480:
473:
465:
445:
444:Classification
442:
401:
398:
347:
344:
292:
289:
233:Piophila casei
224:
221:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:Thyreophoridae
174:
168:
167:
161:
160:
159:
158:
156:Thyreophorinae
153:
148:
140:
139:
135:
134:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
40:Piophila casei
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3776:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3419:
3397:
3393:Xylophagidae
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3385:Xylophagoidea
3382:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3362:Vermileonidae
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3291:(snipe flies)
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3165:(louse flies)
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3123:(flesh flies)
3119:
3117:
3116:Rhinophoridae
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:Anthomyiidae
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:(lance flies)
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2955:(beach flies)
2951:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2908:(shore flies)
2904:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:Curtonotidae
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Teratomyzidae
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Cremifaniidae
2757:
2755:
2753:(aphid flies)
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2680:(marsh flies)
2676:
2674:
2673:Ropalomeridae
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Natalimyzidae
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:Megamerinidae
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2537:Micropezidae
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:Pipunculidae
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2368:Platypezidae
2366:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:Ironomyiidae
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2328:Platypezoidea
2325:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Oreogetonidae
2248:
2246:
2244:(dance flies)
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:Scenopinidae
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2176:(mydas flies)
2172:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2140:Apystomyiidae
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2021:(crane flies)
2016:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1905:Valeseguyidae
1903:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1795:Keroplatidae
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Diadocidiidae
1783:
1781:
1779:(gall midges)
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1743:Anisopodidae
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1735:Anisopodoidea
1732:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Bibionomorpha
1702:
1698:
1688:
1687:Nymphomyiidae
1685:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1642:
1638:Chironomidae
1636:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1624:(black flies)
1620:
1618:
1614:Thaumaleidae
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1606:Chironomoidea
1603:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1526:Axymyiomorpha
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1293:(5): 600–608.
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1084:(6914): 377.
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
953:
949:(7): 309–315.
948:
944:
937:
935:
926:
924:
920:
915:
909:
905:
904:
896:
893:
881:
875:
871:
870:
862:
859:
854:
848:
844:
843:
835:
833:
831:
827:
820:
816:
813:
809:
805:
803:
797:
793:
789:
787:
781:
780:
776:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
745:Species lists
744:
740:
739:
734:
733:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
714:
710:
709:
705:
703:
702:
698:
694:
685:
681:
676:
673:
669:
666:
664:
663:963-04-8840-X
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
619:
618:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
600:
598:
597:
593:
591:
590:
586:
584:
583:
579:
577:
576:
572:
570:
569:
568:Protopiophila
565:
563:
562:
558:
556:
555:
551:
549:
548:
544:
542:
541:
540:Neottiophilum
537:
535:
534:
530:
528:
527:
523:
521:
520:
519:Lasiopiophila
516:
514:
513:
512:Diacanthomyia
509:
507:
506:
502:
500:
499:
495:
493:
492:
488:
486:
485:
481:
479:
478:
474:
472:
471:
467:
466:
464:
461:
459:
455:
451:
443:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Neottiophilum
415:
406:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
345:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
322:
319:
315:
311:
310:
304:
302:
298:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
266:
261:
258:
254:
250:
249:Mediterranean
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
175:
172:
171:
169:
166:
162:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
141:
136:
131:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
111:Superfamily:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Cheese flies
22:
19:
3445:
3318:Oreoleptidae
3310:Athericidae
3289:Rhagionidae
3284:Bolbomyiidae
3271:Rhagionoidea
3262:Tabanomorpha
3155:Glossinidae
3137:Ulurumyiidae
3063:(dung flies)
3003:Lonchaeidae
2991:Lonchaeoidea
2979:Milichiidae
2974:Inbiomyiidae
2968:(frit flies)
2966:Chloropidae
2890:Diastatidae
2859:Xenasteiidae
2790:Anthomyzidae
2782:Agromyzidae
2735:Lauxanioidea
2712:Heleomyzidae
2678:Sciomyzidae
2668:Phaeomyiidae
2658:Huttoninidae
2643:Helcomyzidae
2632:(kelp flies)
2622:Sciomyzoidea
2591:(rust flies)
2503:Tephritidae
2498:Richardiidae
2477:Piophilidae
2476:
2461:Tephritoidea
2431:Acalyptratae
2399:(hoverflies)
2273:Acroceridae
2153:Bombyliidae
2127:Apioceridae
1985:Tipulomorpha
1964:Tanyderidae
1925:(moth flies)
1923:Psychodidae
1915:Psychodoidea
1897:Scatopsidae
1884:Scatopsoidea
1745:(wood gnats)
1595:(mosquitoes)
1585:Chaoboridae
1552:Culicomorpha
1494:Holometabola
1492:Superorder:
1486:Infraclass:
1411:
1405:
1342:
1336:
1306:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1231:(1–3): 1–5.
1228:
1224:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:the original
1188:
1168:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:
1108:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1041:
1008:
1004:
994:
969:
965:
961:
955:
946:
942:
933:
902:
895:
883:. Retrieved
868:
861:
841:
807:
801:
791:
785:
737:
711:
696:
692:
690:
683:
679:
671:
654:
650:
643:
627:
623:
616:
608:
603:Thyreolepida
601:
594:
589:Pygopiophila
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
554:Piophilosoma
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
477:Allopiophila
475:
468:
462:
458:cosmopolitan
447:
438:
425:
421:
417:
413:
411:
393:
389:
383:
349:
325:
323:
314:aggregations
307:
305:
294:
274:
263:
237:cosmopolitan
232:
226:
216:
201:cheese flies
200:
185:
183:
138:Subfamilies
124:
115:Tephritoidea
38:
18:
3754:Piophilidae
3625:iNaturalist
3503:Piophilidae
3490:Piophilidae
3476:Piophilidae
3470:Wikispecies
3446:Piophilidae
3395:(awl flies)
3245:Xylomyidae
3181:(bat flies)
3179:Streblidae
3173:(bat flies)
3129:Tachinidae
3020:Calyptratae
2906:Ephydridae
2892:(bog flies)
2869:Ephydroidea
2802:(sap flies)
2774:Opomyzoidea
2764:Lauxaniidae
2743:Celyphidae
2707:Chyromyidae
2638:Dryomyzidae
2630:Coelopidae
2612:Tanypezidae
2422:Schizophora
2306:Muscomorpha
2216:Atelestidae
2195:Therevidae
2155:(bee flies)
2110:Asilomorpha
2047:Pediciidae
2039:Limoniidae
1790:Ditomyiidae
1722:Bibionidae
1714:Bibionoidea
1622:Simuliidae
1406:Piophilidae
1373:Piophilidae
1204:14 November
751:Palaearctic
719:Cheese mite
651:Piophilidae
610:Thyreophora
533:Neopiophila
491:Bocainamyia
470:Actenoptera
426:Thyreophora
400:Description
297:Tephritidae
186:Piophilidae
151:Piophilinae
125:Piophilidae
3748:Categories
3328:Tabanidae
3302:Tabanoidea
3105:(botflies)
3103:Oestridae
3074:Oestroidea
3045:Fanniidae
2953:Canacidae
2947:(bee lice)
2945:Braulidae
2877:Camillidae
2844:Opomyzidae
2821:Marginidae
2808:Clusiidae
2597:Somatiidae
2584:Nothybidae
2566:Diopsidae
2558:Diopsoidea
2511:Ulidiidae
2493:Pyrgotidae
2448:Conopidae
2440:Conopoidea
2397:Syrphidae
2381:Syrphoidea
2352:Opetiidae
2242:Hybotidae
2229:Empididae
2208:Empidoidea
2090:Brachycera
2055:Tipulidae
2015:Tipuloidea
1824:Sciaridae
1756:Sciaroidea
1593:Culicidae
1561:Culicoidea
1534:Axymyiidae
1510:Nematocera
1480:Subclass:
1470:Arthropoda
821:References
771:World list
724:Casu marzu
582:Pseudoseps
561:Prochyliza
526:Mycetaulus
484:Amphipogon
434:ovipositor
430:tephritoid
422:Pseudoseps
414:Mycetaulus
360:intestinal
352:intestines
277:iridescent
265:casu marzu
251:island of
229:cheese fly
85:Arthropoda
3111:Rhiniidae
3053:Muscidae
3029:Muscoidea
2927:Carnoidea
2839:Odiniidae
2826:Neminidae
2795:Asteiidae
2686:Sepsidae
2589:Psilidae
2574:Gobryidae
2545:Neriidae
2524:Nerioidea
2360:Phoridae
2255:Ragadidae
2161:Evocoidae
2145:Asilidae
2119:Asiloidea
2088:Suborder
1508:Suborder
1482:Pterygota
1462:Kingdom:
1025:0008-347X
596:Stearibia
454:Holarctic
450:described
270:Sardinian
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
3534:BugGuide
3510:BioLib:
3455:Wikidata
2961:Carnidae
2174:Mydidae
1569:Dixidae
1488:Neoptera
1468:Phylum:
1464:Animalia
1453:families
1266:: 1–66.
1245:21802229
1100:12459773
1033:86676206
885:13 April
756:Nearctic
706:See also
630:: 1–66.
547:Piophila
394:P. casei
390:P. casei
375:diarrhea
371:vomiting
285:housefly
257:pecorino
253:Sardinia
235:; it is
223:Overview
165:Synonyms
130:Macquart
121:Family:
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
3705:1007135
3461:Q135117
2319:Aschiza
1476:Insecta
1474:Class:
1451:Diptera
1449:Extant
1391:on the
986:4365010
936:Linne)"
686:: 1–37.
363:myiasis
356:enteric
281:abdomen
245:carrion
205:carrion
197:Diptera
105:Diptera
101:Order:
95:Insecta
91:Class:
3731:987189
3718:139318
3689:NZOR:
3656:143239
3643:100727
3630:326644
3578:1PIOPF
1349:
1315:
1243:
1176:
1124:14 May
1098:
1078:Nature
1057:14 May
1031:
1023:
984:
966:Nature
910:
876:
849:
730:Genera
695:. II.
661:
424:, and
367:nausea
301:instar
260:cheese
241:larvae
190:family
188:are a
132:, 1835
3726:WoRMS
3682:28629
3638:IRMNG
3591:10941
3552:625NK
3539:89214
3513:17454
1029:S2CID
982:S2CID
939:(PDF)
766:Japan
379:stool
194:order
3677:NCBI
3651:ITIS
3617:9503
3612:GBIF
3573:EPPO
3565:8990
3521:BOLD
1397:IFAS
1347:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1241:PMID
1206:2005
1174:ISBN
1126:2022
1096:PMID
1059:2022
1021:ISSN
908:ISBN
887:2013
874:ISBN
847:ISBN
659:ISBN
211:and
184:The
3664:NBN
3560:EoL
3547:CoL
3526:481
3498:AFD
3485:ADW
1268:doi
1264:103
1233:doi
1229:212
1149:doi
1086:doi
1082:420
1013:doi
1009:134
974:doi
970:355
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632:doi
628:103
384:In
358:or
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634::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
