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Pretzel

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489: 1544: 683:) with chocolate coating. In southern Germany and adjoining German-speaking areas, pretzels have retained their original religious meanings and are still used in various traditions and festivals. In some areas, on 1 January, people give each other lightly sweetened yeast pretzels for good luck and good fortune. These "New Year's pretzels" are made in different sizes and can have a width of 50 centimetres (20 in) and more. Sometimes children visit their godparents to fetch their New Years pretzel. On 1 May, love-struck boys used to paint a pretzel on the doors of the adored. On the other hand, an upside-down pretzel would have been a sign of disgrace. Especially Catholic areas, such as Austria, Bavaria, or some parts of Swabia, the "Palm pretzel" is made for 1525: 963: 465: 1132: 401: 1400: 1341: 433: 417: 1264:
appropriately named "Pretzel Field." In 2003, local citizens launched Freeport's first Pretzel Festival which is a large community event where residents get together to celebrate the city's pretzel history. Contestants are chosen to be crowned Pretzel Prince and Princess and a festival mascot by the name of "Pretzel Bill" (stemming from the Billerbeck Bakery name) dresses as a 6-foot tall walking talking pretzel who hands out pretzels from floats and takes photos with the local festival goers.
449: 908: 885: 133: 524: 4580: 51: 1385: 1303: 504: 1370: 284: 4769: 1322: 924: 3495: 873: 516: 1001:, chocolate, strawberry, mustard, cinnamon sugar, cheese and others, and chocolate-covered hard pretzels are popular around Christmas time and given as gifts. The variety of shapes and sizes became a contest of imagination in the marketing of the pretzels taste. During the 1900s, people in Philadelphia would use the small slender pretzel stick as a common accompaniment to 4760: 1574: 144: 310:
dough and crossed them to try and resemble two hands praying, and after he baked it, the pretzel was born. After they were done baking, he handed them out to his students and said "pretiola" (little rewards). Another source locates the invention in a monastery in southern France. In Germany, there are stories that pretzels were the invention of desperate
222:. The traditional pretzel shape is a distinctive symmetrical form, with the ends of a long strip of dough intertwined and then twisted back onto itself in a particular way (a pretzel loop or pretzel bow). Today, pretzels come in various shapes, textures, and colors, but the original soft pretzel is still one of the most common pretzel types to date. 994:, which increased the availability and quantity, and the opening up of multiple points of distribution at schools, convenience and grocery stores, and entertainment venues such as movie theaters, arenas, concert halls, and sport stadiums. Prior to that, street vendors used to sell pretzels on street corners in wooden glass-enclosed cases. 940: 668:, especially in lower Bavaria, unglazed "white" pretzels, sprinkled with salt and caraway seeds are still popular. Basically, with the same ingredients, lye pretzels come in numerous local varieties. Sizes are usually similar; the main differences are the thickness of the dough, the content of fat and the degree of baking. Typical 1259:, which sits about 100 miles outside of Chicago, is another city known for its rich pretzel history. In 1869, a German immigrant named John Billerbeck established the first Billerbeck Bakery which was known for selling German style pretzels to complement the large number of breweries that existed in Freeport during this time. 2617: 715:, there is a festival called "Pretzel Sunday". Boys give their girlfriends pretzels or cakes in pretzel form. The size symbolizes how much he likes her. In return, if a girl wants to increase his attention, she will give him a decorated egg on Easter. The pretzel custom is reversed on Pretzel Sunday during 1809:
What is the story behind the pretzel's special shape? The pretzel represents folded arms across the chest. In that way, it was common to pray during the Middle Ages. According to a scholars, the most popular story is that it was an Italian monk who produced the special pastry in the 7th century. The
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pretzels or pretzel rods. Unlike the soft pretzels, these were durable when kept in an airtight environment and marketable in a variety of convenience stores. Large-scale production began in the first half of the 1900s, more so during 1930 to 1950. A prime example was in 1949, when highly innovative
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memorialized the strong identity that the city of Philadelphia had with pretzel cuisine of local bakers and popularity in Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Recreation Department renamed in 2004 a facility formerly identified as Manayunk Park, located on the 4300 block of Silverwood Street as "Pretzel
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region, and attracts around 300,000 visitors. The festival includes a parade with over 100 bands, floats, and clubs participating from the whole region, and 22,000 pretzels are thrown among the crowds. On the market square of Speyer, there is a fountain with a statue of a boy selling pretzels. The
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backgrounds and were invented by European monks. According to some scholars and various sources, the most popular story is that the pretzel was made in 610 AD by an Italian monk when he decided to make a special treat to help motivate his students to keep on learning. He rolled out a few strips of
389:, which let them be hung on poles suspended just below the kitchen ceiling, the loops in pretzels may have served a practical purpose: bakers could hang them on sticks, for instance, projecting upwards from a central column, as shown in a painting by Job Berckheyde (1630–1693) from around 1681. 672:
pretzels, for example, have very thin "arms" and a "fat belly" with a split, and a higher fat content. The thicker part makes it easier to slice them for the use of sandwiches. In Bavarian pretzels, the arms are left thicker so they do not bake to a crisp and contain very little fat. Oversized
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Co., of New York City, developed the "pretzel bender": a new automatic crispy-styled baked pretzel-twisting machine that rolled and tied them at the rate of 50 a minute—more than twice as fast as skilled hand twisters could make them—and conveyed them through the baking and salting process.
793:(Pretzelfun). The elaborate affair, with about 200 participants, is celebrated as a breakfast with beer and includes Mass in the Lübeck Cathedral and a presentation of songs by a children's choir. In earlier times, the children were very poor, coming from an orphanage, and each received a 1263:
eventually shut down the breweries which led to the decline of pretzel sales in Freeport, but the city never lost its pretzel pride. For more than 100 years, Freeport has been known as "Pretzel City, USA." Their high school athletic mascot is the Pretzel and the football stadium has been
1543: 370:, pretzels were regarded as having religious significance for both ingredients and shape. Pretzels made with a simple recipe using only flour and water could be eaten during Lent when Christians were forbidden to eat eggs, lard, or dairy products such as milk and butter (cf. 1103:
The annual United States pretzel industry is worth over $ 1.2 billion. The average American consumes about 1.5 pounds (0.7 kg) of pretzels per year. The privately run Pretzel Museum opened in Philadelphia in 1993, but is now defunct. In 2003,
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pretzel booths on the main street are permanently installed and were specially designed when the whole downtown area was redone for the 100th anniversary. One-day pretzel fests and markets in other German towns are in Kirchhellen, a borough of
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The pretzel shape is used for a variety of sweet pastries made of different types of dough (flaky, brittle, soft, crispy) with a variety of toppings (icing, nuts, seeds, cinnamon). Around Christmas, they can be made of soft gingerbread
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celebrations. Sizes can range from 30 cm (0.98 ft) up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and they can weigh up to 2.5 kg (5.5 lb). An old tradition on Palm Sunday dating back to 1533 is the outdoor pretzel market
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monk wanted to reward his students with small pieces of bread shaped in the same way as the children's arms when they crossed them during prayer. The pastries were named "pretiolas" - "little rewards". (Translated from Swedish).
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or would crumble pretzels as a topping. This combination of cold sweet and salty taste was very popular for many years. Eventually, this led to the development of an ice cream cone tasting like a pretzel. More recently
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declared 26 April "National Pretzel Day" to acknowledge the importance of the pretzel to the state's history and economy. Philly Pretzel Factory stores offer a free pretzel to each customer on this day. In
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for snacking at school, work, or home, and considered by most to be a quick meal. The average Philadelphian today consumes about twelve times as many pretzels as the national average.
1399: 797:(pretzel) as a reward. Hence, the name "Pretzelfun" was adopted, because this gift was considered a highlight. Today, the children come from schools, but they still get the pretzels. 590:. Baked for consumption on the same day, they are sold in every bakery and in special booths or stands in downtown streets. Often, they are sliced horizontally, buttered, and sold as 754:. The cultural importance of the pretzel for Burg is expressed by a monument in honour of the pretzel bakers, and by an 18 km hiking trail nearby called "Pretzel Hiking Trail". 488: 374:). As time passed, pretzels became associated with both Lent and Easter. Pretzels were hidden on Easter morning just as eggs are hidden today, and are particularly associated with 3396: 3303: 1663: 1796: 1080: in) thick and 12 centimetres (5 in) long; they have become a popular snack in many countries around the world. A thicker variety of sticks can be 1.5 centimetres ( 1055:, is considered the birthplace of the American pretzel industry, and many pretzel bakers are still located in the area. Pennsylvania produces 80% of the nation's pretzels. 4832: 432: 3296: 907: 2812: 2724: 2669: 750:. A local story says that the recipe came from a grateful Napoleonic soldier in 1795, whose wounds were treated by a baker's family in the little town of 4837: 2946: 955: 275:. Varieties of pretzels include soft pretzels, which should be eaten shortly after preparation, and hard-baked pretzels, which have a long shelf life. 3389: 1964: 3195: 947:
In the late 18th century, southern German and Swiss German immigrants introduced the pretzel to North America. The immigrants became known as the
884: 542:-speaking areas, and pretzels have been an integral part of German baking traditions for centuries. Lye pretzels are popular in southern Germany, 3062: 2892: 962: 3552: 2167: 2147: 1938: 1867: 1834: 3165: 2639: 1518:
from January 2002, in which he recalls choking on a pretzel: "When you're eating pretzels, chew before you swallow. Listen to your mother."
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The pretzel has become an element in popular culture, both as a food staple, and its unique knotted twist shape which has inspired
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became renowned for their soft pretzels. The key to success was the introduction of the new mass production methods of the
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There are numerous accounts regarding the origin of pretzels, as well as the origin of the name; most state that they have
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declares 26 April as National Pretzel Day to acknowledge the importance of the pretzel to the state's history and economy.
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prides itself to be the "pretzel town", and around the second weekend of July, from Friday to Tuesday, it holds an annual
2359: 1824: 1096: 2779: 1190: 1117:, the Benzel's pretzel company calls them "bretzels", both for the alliteration and as a nod to their German heritage. 2447:. Brezelfest mit Blasorchester Egerland & Egerländer-Gmoi Kornwestheim-Ludwigsburg,. Moderation Elvira Saverschek 2050: 3139: 1811: 4902: 4867: 4631: 1668: 2820: 2732: 2677: 2213: 1369: 4807: 4797: 4792: 3545: 3007: 1923: 1617: 1279:
it is called perec, a softer variant of the German pastry, usually eaten with cheese or salt-syrup baked on it.
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coated in all of the standard M&M's colors, called "Pretzel M&M's". Soft pretzels are frequently sold in
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hard pretzels are made in the form of loops, braids, letters, little pretzels, or sticks around 3 millimetres (
923: 206: 192: 33: 2936: 1176: 594:, or come with slices of cold meats or cheese. Butter-filled pretzels are also commonly sold under this name. 2444: 738:, "Lent pretzels" are popular. These are briefly boiled in water before baking and then sprinkled with salt. 4847: 4822: 4641: 3920: 1427: 1180: 1125: 967: 954: 739: 637:
sausage. The same dough and baking procedure with lye and salt is used to make other kinds of "lye pastry" (
618:, and bacon bits are other popular toppings. Some bakeries offer pretzels made of different flours, such as 2969:"RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: The Horner Family Of Carroll County, Illinois (And Nearly Everyone Else)" 2466: 1968: 1778: 4892: 4887: 4877: 4842: 4802: 4604: 3203: 2496: 1453: 3802: 4609: 4596: 2307: 1587: 1446:. Although historically, the pretzel has influenced culture, it has recently been heavily influenced by 1431: 1194: 1183:, is founded. Today, it calls itself the world's largest, producing 65 tons of hard pretzels daily. 1162: 1114: 1059: 991: 978:
In the 20th century, soft pretzels became popular in other regions of the United States. Cities such as
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in southern German areas since at least the 12th century. A 12th century illustration of the banquet of
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The looped pretzel is known in other European countries and in other countries around the world.
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race for grade-four children. On finishing the race, they are presented with a sweet pretzel. In
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is renowned for a 200-year-old specialty, the "Burger pretzel". Its texture and flavour resemble
1859: 1491:. It is a haltered maillot that crisscrosses the front and fastens to the waistline. Made from 872: 4897: 4636: 4223: 4183: 3745: 3343: 3288: 3036: 2986: 2397: 2163: 2143: 1863: 1830: 1700: 1622: 890: 833: 809: 355: 297: 240: 1694: 4679: 4626: 4504: 4462: 4367: 4178: 3931: 3797: 1027: 471: 367: 233: 229: 132: 3640: 3260: 503: 4812: 4651: 4263: 4063: 3338: 2991: 2941: 2191: 2028: 914: 786: 523: 180: 4725: 4148: 1900: 1473:, also known as "Pretzel City USA", have also adopted a pretzel logo as their trademark. 50: 4712: 4524: 4437: 4327: 4322: 4287: 4277: 4051: 4001: 3857: 3670: 3650: 3630: 2232: 1852: 1607: 1515: 1484: 1015: 704: 283: 2336: 4786: 4696: 4691: 4659: 4489: 4118: 3912: 3847: 3757: 3459: 3358: 3348: 1612: 1530: 1477: 1023: 987: 971: 838: 820:
dates from around 1550 and depicts two facing lions holding a pretzel at the center.
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introduced soft shaped pretzels with different shapes and pretzel bakery businesses.
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https://varldenshistoria.se/kultur/gastronomi/varifran-har-kringlan-fatt-sin-form
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region, sweet pretzels are made with pudding-filled loops (pudding pretzels). On
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The lye pretzel is the theme for a number of festivals in Germany. The city of
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In the U.S., pretzels come in many varieties of flavors and coatings, such as
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A miniature salted pretzel, shaped like a Christmas tree. Sold in England by
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The pretzel has been in use as an emblem of bakers, here with two lions, in
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that gives pretzels their traditional skin and flavor acquired through the
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flavored pretzels are served with special dishes such as cooked meat with
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is the most common seasoning, or topping, for pretzels, complementing the
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Park". The re-designed park includes pretzel-like looped pathways and a
1169:, becomes the first commercial hard pretzel bakery in the United States. 17: 4514: 4509: 4412: 4402: 4292: 4238: 4203: 4006: 3971: 3882: 3842: 3822: 3812: 3807: 3752: 3740: 3725: 3695: 3690: 3655: 3514: 3509: 3484: 3229: 3169: 2217: 1637: 1602: 1504: 1488: 1284: 1276: 1124:, became very popular in Philadelphia and was established as a part of 1091: 983: 847: 828: 665: 363:
region (today France) may contain the earliest depiction of a pretzel.
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A circulating internet video shows a press conference of US president
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The pretzel has been in use as an emblem of bakers and formerly their
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it is called kringlor, a small pretzel often covered with chocolate.
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The first machine-produced stamped cut soft pretzel was innovated at
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statue in the shape of a pretzel sculpted by Warren C. Holzman. The
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and measuring 5 feet across, is baked by Joseph Nacchio of the
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Southern German and Swiss German immigrants who became known as the
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Hard pretzels originated in the United States, where, in 1850, the
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The "pretzel" bikini bathing suit design, a variant of the
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Pretzel baking has most firmly taken root in the region of
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Mastony, Colleen; Tribune staff reporter (29 June 2007).
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Baker Arent Oostwaard and His Wife Catherina Keizerswaar
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In Bavaria, lye pretzels accompany a main dish, such as
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Like the holes in the hubs of round Finnish flat bread,
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The first Pretzel Museum of soft pretzels is opened in
854:. In 2003 and 2004, "Peace Pretzels" were baked for a 2559: 2557: 719:. This custom also still exists in some areas of the 2584: 2582: 2014: 2012: 673:
pretzels are often sold at fairs or beer festivals.
4734: 4650: 4587: 3568: 3502: 3410: 2283:"Büro für Friedenskultur | Steckenpferdreiten" 1066:, became the first commercial hard pretzel bakery. 470:Bakery emblem used as a logo at a Danish bakery in 84: 74: 60: 1851: 1203:The largest soft pretzel of its time, weighing 40 1282:In Romania, the pretzel is known as a variety of 511:meal, served with sweet mustard and soft pretzels 3008:"The ultimate guide to street food in Bucharest" 1886: 1884: 1882: 3140:"City of Freeport, Illinois, Visiting Freeport" 1090: in) thick; in the U. S. these are called 3285:photo article on automation of making pretzels 2390:"Druckversion speyer.de | Das Brezelfest" 2162:. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1958, pp. 106-7. 3546: 3390: 3304: 2843:"Free soft pretzels for National Pretzel Day" 1535:Still Life with Cheeses, Almonds and Pretzels 1120:The S-shaped soft pretzel, often served with 8: 3261:"Making Soft Pretzels the Old-Fashioned Way" 1352: 858:charity event and other charity purposes in 41: 3319:Baked goods depicting religious iconography 2177: 2175: 2142:. New York: Scholastic, Inc, 2005, p. 105. 1688: 1686: 332: 325: 3553: 3539: 3531: 3397: 3383: 3375: 3311: 3297: 3289: 3166:"Basic Swing: Pretzel Dance Move Tutorial" 2589:Elaine Dann Goldstein (13 November 1988). 2002: 2000: 1487:, emerged in the early 1990s, produced by 1014:with a small spherical pretzel covered in 765:celebrates the "Pretzel weeks" during the 40: 3196:"Images of spandex pretzel design Bikini" 438:Bakery emblem with a cut in the pretzel, 4833:German-American culture in Philadelphia 2335:. Verkehrsverein-Speyer. Archived from 1654: 1520: 1350:, Poland, selling pretzels, as well as 1298: 868: 396: 789:call their annual meetings in January 3115:"Manayunk Council Local Park History" 2700:"Pretzels keep pace in snacks market" 2526: 2524: 2522: 645:, buns, croissants, and even loaves ( 330:(a medieval term for 'bracelet'), or 205: 191: 7: 3236:from the original on 9 November 2021 1721:"How did the pretzel get its shape?" 917:), typically carried around the neck 761:is the "anise pretzel". The town of 3142:. Ci.freeport.il.us. Archived from 2182:Michael Gruenert (23 August 2009). 2108:Michael Gruenert (23 August 2009). 2019:Michael Gruenert (23 August 2009). 1967:. 29 September 2007. Archived from 1891:Michael Gruenert (23 August 2009). 1476:The pretzel dance move was part of 1408:home-baked sweet pretzels known as 692:) in the Hungerbrunnen Valley near 314:held hostage by local dignitaries. 2949:from the original on 8 August 2022 2813:"National Pretzel Day, April 26th" 1393:pretzels with poppy seeds and salt 804:celebrates the anniversary of the 25: 4838:Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch 3069:. 30 October 2021. Archived from 1779:"hungry-history, twisted history" 1693:Silverman, Sharon Hernes (2001). 1662:Miller, Jeffrey (26 April 2018). 1289:it is a very common street food. 1191:Reading Pretzel Machinery Company 287:Pretzel depicted at a banquet of 4768: 4767: 4758: 4578: 3493: 3279:"Machine Speeds Pretzel Bending" 3006:romaniainsider (16 April 2014). 2731:. 1 October 2008. Archived from 2676:. 1 October 2008. Archived from 2396:. 2 October 2001. Archived from 1854:The Best Bake Sale Ever Cookbook 1572: 1542: 1523: 1398: 1383: 1368: 1339: 1320: 1308:Viipurinrinkeli, a pretzel from 1301: 1144:Pennsylvania milestones timeline 1026:, with notable chains including 958:Philadelphia-style soft pretzels 922: 906: 883: 871: 499:; mulled wine and pretzels sold 484:Southern German-speaking regions 463: 447: 431: 415: 399: 142: 131: 49: 2819:. 24 April 2008. Archived from 2051:"230835/Herst.Laugengeb_Inhalt" 1699:. Stackpole Books. p. 30. 1214:It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 808:(1648) and organizes an annual 218:that is commonly shaped into a 83: 27:Baked pastry shaped into a knot 2893:"Snyder's History of Pretzels" 2538:. 21 July 2008. Archived from 1225:Federal Pretzel Baking Company 1209:Federal Pretzel Baking Company 929:Laugenbrezel, observe the cut. 1: 3259:Moskin, Julia (25 May 2010). 2911:"The Anderson Pretzel Bakery" 2216:. 23 May 2005. Archived from 2214:"Der Klingenpfad Guided Tour" 378:, fasting and prayers before 2532:"The History of the Pretzel" 1097:American Machine and Foundry 757:A variety typical for Upper 3405:Ring and knot-shaped breads 2467:"UNICEF — Peace Brezn" 2420:"Brezelfest in Kirchhellen" 2160:Festivals of Western Europe 2058:Meistermarken-ulmerspatz.de 1858:. Chronicle Books. p.  393:Emblem of the Bakers' Guild 4919: 3033:"Memes in popular culture" 2231:gekapanne (30 July 2008). 1987:, c. 1681 (oil on canvas)" 1556:(1658) features pretzels, 1041: 723:. On the same occasion in 519:Sweet pretzel with almonds 31: 4755: 4576: 3491: 3324: 2725:"Lancaster, Pa. Newswire" 1829:. Springer. p. 111. 1823:Hartel, AnnaKate (2008). 1618:List of pretzel companies 1049:Southeastern Pennsylvania 777:or roast. In the city of 664:). Yet, in some parts of 127: 55:An assortment of pretzels 48: 2973:Wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com 2158:Spicer, Dorothy Gladys. 1850:Grunes, Barbara (2007). 1331:, pretzel sticks called 1177:Anderson Pretzel Factory 837:", which is the largest 34:Pretzel (disambiguation) 4828:German-American cuisine 4818:Cuisine of Philadelphia 3226:"Bush press conference" 2780:"Pretzel Museum Closed" 2644:Blog.modernmechanix.com 1937:SAUNDERS, Fr. William. 1181:Lancaster, Pennsylvania 711:, the fourth Sunday in 321:" may derive also from 2670:"Reuters top ten news" 1941:. CERC. Archived from 1454:Landscape architecture 1412:, some with chocolate 1353: 1243:Pennsylvania Governor 1140: 1126:Philadelphia's cuisine 975: 959: 944: 531: 520: 512: 500: 333: 326: 302: 184: 4774:Category: Street food 3067:justiceguardians.com/ 1971:on 29 September 2007. 1797:"History of Pretzels" 1588:Allerheiligenstriezel 1355:obwarzanki krakowskie 1195:Reading, Pennsylvania 1163:Sturgis Pretzel House 1134: 1115:Altoona, Pennsylvania 965: 957: 942: 831:and festival called " 526: 518: 506: 491: 286: 243:. Other toppings are 4742:List of street foods 4154:Obwarzanek krakowski 3465:Obwarzanek krakowski 2755:"The Pretzel Museum" 2735:on 25 September 2009 2680:on 25 September 2009 2565:"The Pretzel Museum" 1874:history of pretzels. 1467:municipal government 1167:Lititz, Pennsylvania 1064:Lititz, Pennsylvania 392: 32:For other uses, see 4747:List of food trucks 4535:U' pastizz 'rtunnar 3445:Buccellato di Lucca 3119:Manayunkcouncil.org 3095:. Philly Public Art 2987:"Let's twist again" 2937:"Let's twist again" 2620:. Phillyhistory.org 2370:on 28 November 2010 2194:on 28 December 2010 2120:on 28 December 2010 2031:on 28 December 2010 1903:on 28 December 2010 1749:on 20 October 2008. 1696:Pennsylvania Snacks 1346:A street vendor in 966:A street vendor in 913:Pretzel from Burg ( 816:, the city seal of 806:Peace of Westphalia 781:, the 500-year-old 193:[ˈbʁeːtsl̩] 45: 4555:Vietnamese noodles 4268:Pizza by the slice 3265:The New York Times 2899:on 26 August 2007. 2823:on 10 January 2009 2704:Bakingbusiness.com 2650:on 3 December 2013 2596:The New York Times 2536:Kitchenproject.com 2445:"5.Kornwestheimer" 2258:"Kringelhöge 2008" 2089:on 14 January 2020 1743:Kitchenproject.com 1471:Freeport, Illinois 1418:In popular culture 1257:Freeport, Illinois 1154:Pennsylvania Dutch 1141: 1053:Pennsylvania Dutch 1008:Mars, Incorporated 992:industrialized age 976: 960: 949:Pennsylvania Dutch 945: 943:Hard mini pretzels 785:of boatmen on the 532: 521: 513: 501: 303: 207:[ˈbʁɛtsl̩] 148:Media: Pretzel 4903:Hungarian cuisine 4868:Convenience foods 4780: 4779: 3746:Breakfast burrito 3528: 3527: 3372: 3371: 3344:Sacramental bread 3232:. 13 March 2008. 3206:on 16 August 2010 3200:Bikiniscience.com 3037:Oracle Thinkquest 2542:on 1 January 2011 2477:on 22 August 2007 2188:Brezel-baecker.de 2168:978-1-4375-2015-6 2148:978-0-516-23681-0 2114:Brezel-baecker.de 2025:Brezel-baecker.de 1939:"Lenten Pretzels" 1897:Brezel-baecker.de 1869:978-0-8118-5075-9 1836:978-0-387-75844-2 1739:"History/Pretzel" 1623:Maillard reaction 1032:Wetzel's Pretzels 454:Bakery emblem in 422:Bakery emblem in 356:Hortus deliciarum 338:('little arms'). 317:The German name " 298:Hortus deliciarum 241:Maillard reaction 214:pastry made from 185:Breze(l), Bretzel 156: 155: 137:Cookbook: Pretzel 16:(Redirected from 4910: 4808:Bavarian cuisine 4798:Austrian cuisine 4793:Alsatian cuisine 4771: 4770: 4763: 4762: 4680:Food truck rally 4582: 4505:Tandoori chicken 3932:Galette-saucisse 3798:Cockle (bivalve) 3555: 3548: 3541: 3532: 3497: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3376: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3290: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3202:. Archived from 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3172:. Archived from 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3093:"Pretzel Statue" 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3039:. Archived from 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2895:. Archived from 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2868:"Pretzel Museum" 2864: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2809: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2790:on 27 March 2020 2786:. Archived from 2776: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2646:. Archived from 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2561: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2528: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2503:. Archived from 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2473:. Archived from 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2366:. Archived from 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2339:on 15 March 2010 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2190:. Archived from 2179: 2170: 2156: 2150: 2138:Heinrichs, Ann. 2136: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2116:. Archived from 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2085:. Archived from 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2055: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2027:. Archived from 2016: 2007: 2004: 1995: 1994: 1991:Worcesterart.org 1979: 1973: 1972: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1934: 1928: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1899:. Archived from 1888: 1877: 1876: 1857: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1820: 1814: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1799:. 17 April 2023. 1793: 1787: 1786: 1785:. 28 March 2023. 1775: 1769: 1768: 1761:"pretzel-museum" 1757: 1751: 1750: 1745:. Archived from 1735: 1729: 1728: 1725:Wonderopolis.org 1717: 1711: 1710: 1690: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1669:The Conversation 1659: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1546: 1527: 1402: 1387: 1372: 1358: 1343: 1324: 1305: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1074: 974:selling pretzels 926: 910: 887: 875: 493:Christmas market 472:Ballard, Seattle 467: 451: 435: 419: 403: 368:Christian Church 336: 329: 209: 203: 202: 201: 195: 190: 179: 173: 172: 171: 169: 146: 135: 53: 46: 44: 21: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4883:Swabian cuisine 4858:Italian cuisine 4853:German pastries 4783: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4765:Food portal 4757: 4751: 4730: 4652:Mobile catering 4646: 4583: 4574: 4264:Pizza al taglio 3927:Navajo frybread 3564: 3559: 3529: 3524: 3498: 3489: 3406: 3403: 3373: 3368: 3320: 3317: 3283:Popular Science 3281:, August 1949, 3269: 3267: 3258: 3255: 3253:Further reading 3250: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3146:on 4 March 2012 3138: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3043:on 12 July 2013 3031: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3012:Romania Insider 3005: 3004: 3000: 2992:Chicago Tribune 2985: 2984: 2980: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2942:Chicago Tribune 2934: 2933: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2849: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2811: 2810: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2588: 2587: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2567:. Ushistory.org 2563: 2562: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2530: 2529: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2507:on 19 July 2011 2497:"peacebrezn.de" 2495: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2400:on 10 June 2011 2388: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2342: 2340: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2262:Rondeshagen.com 2256: 2255: 2251: 2241: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2220:on 23 May 2005. 2212: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2181: 2180: 2173: 2157: 2153: 2137: 2133: 2123: 2121: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2083:Brezel-weber.de 2077: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2018: 2017: 2010: 2006:German: Ausbund 2005: 1998: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1945:on 4 March 2021 1936: 1935: 1931: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1890: 1889: 1880: 1870: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1808: 1804: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1707: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1578: 1571: 1568: 1561: 1547: 1538: 1528: 1469:of the City of 1420: 1413: 1403: 1394: 1388: 1379: 1373: 1364: 1344: 1335: 1325: 1316: 1306: 1270: 1268:Other countries 1254: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1046: 1040: 1034:/Pretzel Time. 937: 930: 927: 918: 915:Bergisches Land 911: 902: 888: 879: 876: 787:Stecknitz Canal 734:During Lent in 486: 481: 474: 468: 459: 452: 443: 436: 427: 420: 411: 404: 395: 295:. 12th century 281: 210:) is a type of 198: 197: 196: 188: 175: 167: 165: 164: 163: 152: 85:Region or state 56: 42: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4916: 4914: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4848:German cuisine 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4823:French cuisine 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4785: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4738: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4599: 4593: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4525:Tornado potato 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4438:Sicilian pizza 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4323:Rat-on-a-stick 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4052:List of kebabs 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3671:Belgian waffle 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3535: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3420: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3387: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3276: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3217: 3187: 3157: 3131: 3106: 3084: 3073:on 5 July 2022 3054: 3024: 2998: 2978: 2960: 2927: 2902: 2884: 2859: 2834: 2801: 2771: 2746: 2716: 2691: 2661: 2631: 2609: 2578: 2553: 2518: 2488: 2458: 2436: 2411: 2381: 2350: 2324: 2299: 2274: 2249: 2223: 2205: 2171: 2151: 2131: 2100: 2070: 2042: 2008: 1996: 1974: 1956: 1929: 1914: 1878: 1868: 1842: 1835: 1815: 1802: 1788: 1770: 1752: 1730: 1712: 1705: 1682: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1548: 1541: 1539: 1529: 1522: 1516:George W. Bush 1485:sling swimsuit 1480:in the 1920s. 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1404: 1397: 1395: 1389: 1382: 1380: 1374: 1367: 1365: 1345: 1338: 1336: 1327:Party food in 1326: 1319: 1317: 1307: 1300: 1269: 1266: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1238: 1231: 1228: 1221: 1218: 1201: 1198: 1187: 1184: 1173: 1170: 1160: 1157: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1060:Sturgis bakery 1039: 1036: 1024:shopping malls 1016:milk chocolate 936: 933: 932: 931: 928: 921: 919: 912: 905: 903: 889: 882: 880: 877: 870: 729:the Palatinate 705:Laetare Sunday 647:Laugenbrötchen 538:and adjoining 527:Bretzels from 485: 482: 480: 477: 476: 475: 469: 462: 460: 453: 446: 444: 437: 430: 428: 421: 414: 412: 405: 398: 394: 391: 387:ruisreikäleipä 351:King Ahasuerus 293:King Ahasuerus 280: 277: 154: 153: 151: 150: 139: 128: 125: 124: 86: 82: 81: 76: 72: 71: 62: 58: 57: 54: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4915: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4893:World cuisine 4891: 4889: 4888:Swiss cuisine 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4878:Types of food 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4843:German breads 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4803:Baden cuisine 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4775: 4766: 4761: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4702:Sausage wagon 4700: 4698: 4697:Ice cream van 4695: 4693: 4692:Hot dog stand 4690: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4660:Field kitchen 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4581: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4490:Tahu sumedang 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4179:Pani câ meusa 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 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Index

Pretzels
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Cookbook: Pretzel

Media: Pretzel
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‹See Tfd›
German
[ˈbʁeːtsl̩]

[ˈbʁɛtsl̩]
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dough
knot
Salt
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