3884:
4144:
565:
7476:
1675:
3801:). "Pelvic form four" shows several aspects that are convergent with the hip of sebecosuchians and thus could have supported a pillar-erect stance while limiting a sprawling gait. Stein and colleagues note that this derived state, primarily achieved by the more enclosed acetabulum and expanded iliac crest, would match the cursorial habits and terrestrial lifestyle often inferred based on the cranial material. However, until more material showing a clear relation between this pelvic form and
7471:
3932:, each likely occupying a different niche in their environment. Although it has been proposed that this assemblage could have been the result of the carcasses of these animals being transported to a single location, research suggests that this was not the fact and that all the animals did in fact inhabit a single locality at the time they were alive. In this case, it was probably due to their different specialisation that so many crocodilians were capable of coexisting with each other.
3812:, together with Megalania, could have been one of the dominant terrestrial predators of Pleistocene Australia, given the relative lack of large mammalian land predators compared to other continents. This had become a popular hypothesis during the later part of the 20th century, proposing that Australia's top predators primarily consisted of reptiles such as mekosuchines, giant varanids and madtsoiid snakes rather than marsupial predators, with Max Hecht arguing that animals such as
1280:, but it also does in the Texas Caves cranium assigned to the genus by Molnar. Willis and Mackness also discuss the matter, arguing that the fact that the contact between maxilla and jugal on the inner side of the skull sits before the eyes means the external suture must have been located even further to the front. A feature of the jugal consistently highlighted is that the lower (ventral) side of the jugal was covered in a distinct sculptured area similar to that seen in today's
6631:
1483:. An exception to this is posed by the fourth dentary tooth, which slides neatly into a marked notch located at the premaxillary-maxillary contact. Like in many other mekosuchines, there is a distinct size disparity among the teeth, some of which are noticeably larger than others. The teeth towards the front of the jaw tend to be much taller, but are short anteroposteriorly (from the front to the back), whereas the teeth further back are lower but longer horizontally.
1284:. Furthermore, the depth the maxilla still displays in this region indicates that the infraorbital bar, the region between the lower margin of the eyesockets and the bottom of the cranium, was much deeper than is typical. The postorbital bar, a bony peg behind the eyes that connects the jugal to the skull table, is noted to be much more vertical than in taxa with flattened skulls. This would suggest that the skull table would somewhat overhang the temporal region.
137:
850:
3729:
1397:, forming a partition located above the fenestrae and giving them a more rounded shape. By contrast, the fossae extend much further forward in modern Australasian crocodiles, giving their palatal fenestrae a more sharp ending. As the palatines contribute to this wall, it is described as a "folding of the palatine" by Dirk Megirian. Overall, the palatal fenestrae extend until the fifth or sixth maxillary alveoli in
115:
6636:
1686:
1613:
546:. The fossil specimen (AMF.57844) consisted of a partial rostrum, lacking the very tip of the snout and its teeth. This rostrum was noted for its unusual form, with a much deeper snout compared to extant crocodilians and toothsockets indicative of ziphodont teeth, a combination of traits previously unknown from Australia. Preliminary comparisons were made with modern
4168:, with the other river basins of eastern Australia following suit within the next eight thousand years. During this time the conditions fell below the levels seen today, marking a clear drop in rainfall and thus cutting off the water supply of the catchments. Though the hydroclimate returned to its former state sometime in the last 30.000 years, by then the
4099:, whether it was terrestrial or not, appears to have been closely linked to freshwater systems, in particular those surrounded by riparian woodland and vine forests, typically sharing this environment with a plethora of other crocodilians. This would match the circumstances of its extinction as well, as researchers have noted that the disappearance of
3895:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
736:
642:. The Texas Cave crocodile, as it was referred to in later publications, consisted of a partial maxilla with some additional bone fragments that would be described in 1977 by Max Hecht and Michael Archer. Several further discoveries followed, many of which were eventually listed and briefly discussed once
4197:
was driven to extinction by the gradual drying of
Australia, destroying forest habitats and freshwater systems, is also supported by other publications on the matter. Sobbe, Price and Knezour for example describe the process of aridification as destroying the closed woodlands and vine scrublands that
4177:
species might have avoided by retreating to coastal waters. The same study also analyzed possible changes in vegetation and fire frequency, which also show increased aridification and the collapse of complex rainforests beginning around 50.000 years ago. Charcoal particles further indicate that fires
3824:
shift". They suggest that while the ecosystems of
Miocene Australia were dominated by marsupial predators first and foremost, Pliocene and Pleistocene environments seemingly favoured large-bodied reptilian hunters with fewer marsupial carnivores. However, the idea of a reptile-dominated Australia has
3681:
closely resembles planocraniids, a group of terrestrial
Eusuchians from the Paleogene of Europe. This group, which is known from much better material, is well established to have been one of the dominant terrestrial predators of their environment with several adaptations towards life on land that can
3664:
in cave deposits is assumed by him to be a strong indicator that the animal traveled over land before falling to its death, but at the same time Molnar highlights that even modern crocodilians will occasionally travel distances over land. Likewise the depositional environment does not give any clear
437:
is typically estimated to be around 3 m (10 ft) in length and to weigh around 200 kg (440 lb), though some remains from the
Pliocene could suggest an even greater size. However, these estimates are based on fragmentary specimens and dimensions of related genera as there have been
4159:
survived until the Late
Pleistocene, with records from that time including the isolated tooth of King Creek, dated to be around 122.000 years old, and the fossils recovered from the South Walker Creek site that have been dated to be around 40.000 years old. The fossil of the South Walker Creek site
3935:
The
Bullock Creek Locality is thought to have once been covered by riparian woodlands as noted by Murray and Vickers-Rich, who describe the paleoenvironment as possibly having been a dry vine forest surrounded by scrubs and more open woodlands that covered the area surrounding the floodplains. This
3107:
as a mekosuchine is generally accepted as consensus, some research has proposed an alternative placement outside of the clade. In 2021, Rio and
Mannion published a paper on the phylogeny of crocodilians utilizing a new dataset based purely on morphological traits, in contrast to the work of Lee and
1828:
was necessary because of the similarities in the snout when compared to other
Crocodylidae. However, at the time of Megirian's writing he was unaware of the work by Molnar, Willis and Scanlon, only briefly addressing the existence of Mekosuchinae in a note added later on. Willis doubled down on the
1466:
preserves four teeth in either premaxilla, though a fifth is possible, all of them situated in an alveolar process, with the last two showing the elongated form typical for this genus. However, the third to last toothsocket appears to have been almost circular in cross-section. A prominent pit lies
1059:, though sometimes the amount of serrations on the teeth or the age of the fossils give hints at what taxon they could have belonged to. Additional fossil specimens not assigned to any of the four species include a partial maxilla including two teeth (QM F10771) found at the Glen Garland Station in
816:
gained more attention, with repeated debate on its role in
Australia's prehistoric ecosystems and whether or not it was terrestrial. Among the more notable later finds was the discovery of a ziphodont tooth in the Late Pleistocene King Creek catchment of the eastern Darling Downs, an otherwise well
1661:
fragment of a lower jaw that could suggest an individual between 6โ7 m (20โ23 ft) meters long. However, information on this specimen is sparse, as it is not only fragmentary but only discussed in a singular abstract before being mentioned by Molnar in his 2004 book "Dragons in the Dust".
1660:
meanwhile is thought to have measured less than half that length, with Wroe providing an estimate of less than 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) following personal communication with Willis. There is one single bone fragment that could suggest a greater size, with
Salisbury and Molnar mentioning a
3669:
remains show a mix of terrestrial and semi-aquatic fauna, as is the case for the deposits that yielded the fossil remains of unambiguously terrestrial crocodylomorphs elsewhere in the world. The same issue is later also acknowledged by Busbey in 1986 and by Willis and Mackness in 1996, with both
1651:
is estimated to have reached a body length of approximately 3 m (9.8 ft) by both Flannery and Webb, who further calculate a body mass of over 200 kg (440 lb). However, Wroe notes that neither researcher specifies if said estimates are the maximum length or averages while also
945:
consisting of a partial snout and the antorbital region of what was likely the same specimen, both collected from the so called "Blast Site". The same locality also yielded additional maxillary fragments, teeth and lower jaw fossils, with more fragmentary material also being collected from other
4135:
greatly. Remains of this genus are found before and after the proposed late Miocene extinctions, which has been taken as potential evidence for its ecology differing significantly from the taxa that went extinct. However, conditions continued to deteriorate until the Pleistocene, this time also
3703:
went after larger prey than is typical for crocodilians. However, they are not an indicator for whether or not prey would be acquired in water or on land or whether the prey itself was terrestrial. Subsequently, Molnar highlights that it is just as possible that the teeth may have been used for
505:
s disappearance are unknown, but it is hypothesized that another period of intense aridification gradually dried up the river basins and destroyed the forests that the crocodilian inhabited, leading it to go extinct alongside much of Australia's megafauna. Humans, which arrived on the continent
3865:
Ultimately, a terrestrial lifestyle has been favored by the majority of researchers, even if they generally acknowledge and highlight the limited information that can be extrapolated from skull material alone. Though more distantly related mekosuchines show that the group may have had improved
3698:
standing out as having a much wider head. How exactly this would influence its ecology is however also unknown. Similarly, the precise use of its ziphodont teeth, also shared by planocraniids and the older sebecosuchians, remains an issue with no clear answer. Molnar argues that the lateral
1372:, the area where they contact the maxilla indicates that this species lacked the elongated anterior process that the palatines form in many other crocodiles like the saltwater crocodile. Instead of extending beyond the fenestrae and forming a large, lobate structure, the palatines in
4198:
previously covered the landscape and leading to an expansion of open grasslands, which were oftentimes subject to prolonged periods without rain. They argue that this progress may have begun as early as the beginning of the Pleistocene, with the team noting a marked decline in
689:
specifically. In this early work, Molnar sets up several discussions regarding this taxon that would receive a lot of focus later on, in particular its relationship to other crocodilians and its ecology. Based on its unique cranial anatomy, Molnar cautiously proposed that that
3768:
an improved ability to perform the so-called "highwalk", other parts of the skeleton do show that it was still a semi-aquatic animal. Another study dealing with the postcranial anatomy of mekosuchines was published by Stein and colleagues in 2017, specifically examining the
461:
to be terrestrial, commonly comparing the anatomy of the crocodilian to other, more definitively terrestrial crocodylomorphs from the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic. The discovery of pelvic bones that belonged to a crocodilian with a pillar-erect stance in the same strata as
1216:, unlike those of sebecosuchians, still closely resemble those of modern crocodilians in that they share a singular opening that is directed anterodorsally (towards the front and up) rather than fully to the sides. However, there are still differences, namely that in
496:
is predominantly found in sediments preserving various types of woodland in proximity to bodies of water such as ponds, streams and billabongs. Though successfully surviving a drastic arid period that marked the transition from the Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene,
3724:
to actively chase after its prey rather than having to ambush it as modern crocodiles tend to do, while Murray and Vickers-Rich propose that it could have still been an ambush predator, but doing so by waiting for prey near game trails rather than the shoreline.
1054:
A big issue with much of this material is how fragmentary it is. With these finds often being isolated bones or even just incomplete teeth, the lack of overlap and distinguishing features means that most of them cannot be assigned to any particular species of
1122:
in northern Queensland. This specimen could represent a rare limb element, but it is just as possible that it belonged to a different type of crocodilian altogether. Mackness and Sutton, who described the material, tentatively argue that it did not belong to
1392:
was also shown to be short. In this way they more closely resemble the palatines of dwarf crocodiles and false gharials, although in the former the bones still take on a lobate form. The front of the palatal fenestrae coincide with the anterior wall of the
1184:
as being broader than that of members of the aforementioned groups, yet also distinctly deeper (higher) than those of any modern crocodilians with a distinct trapezoid cross-section. The specific proportions did however vary among species of this genus, as
1479:, reception pits for the teeth of the lower jaw are located medially relative to the teeth of the premaxilla and maxilla, indicating that this animal had an overbite that clearly sets it apart from the interlocking teeth of modern crocodiles and the older
1236:. The premaxillae form a small peg that inserts itself between the maxillae and the nasal bones. The nasals themselves are similar to those of other mekosuchines, being paired, parallel elements with tapering ends. The nasals enter the nares and, based on
478:
filled in the ecosystems of Late Pleistocene Australia has also been a matter of debate, with older literature in particular often claiming that the continent was dominated by reptilian predators. Opponents of this hypothesis meanwhile highlight how
1248:
its altirostral (deep) appearance. Towards the front they incline at a 60ยฐ angle, whereas further towards the back the skull becomes wider and the maxillae only incline at an angle of 45ยฐ. The surface of the maxillae is only slightly sculptured.
3748:
traits of the body, which in the case of planocraniids include hooflike toes and a tail with a round cross-section, rather than the flattened paddle-like tail seen in semi-aquatic crocodilians. While no postcranial remains reliably assigned to
1498:. Ziphodont teeth are characterized by two things, lateral compression that gives them a blade-like appearance and a series of serrations. Though several other mekosuchines do have laterally flattened teeth and some minor crenulations, such as
1583:
are known to have had four to five premaxillary teeth and a further 12 in either maxilla. However, as the skulls of both are incomplete, it cannot be ruled out that they also had a 13th maxillary tooth. Initially, this notion was rejected for
1295:
also feature a distinct crest located across the maxilla and sometimes premaxilla. The skull of Quinkana fortirostrum has a rounded crest which extends along both bones, whereas in Q. timara the crest was restricted entirely to the former.
1082:
Sometimes the material also differs significantly enough to suggest the presence of as of yet unnamed species or even entirely new genera. For example, in 1997 Paul Willis mentioned a ziphodont crocodilian from the Ongeva Local Fauna of the
1316:, but can also be observed in the older species, if not as pronounced as in the Pleistocene form. Megirian hypothesizes that age could be a factor in this, with the features changing as the individual grows older. Similar to the ridges,
3659:
has long been a matter of debate as far back as the type description by Molnar, who lists several points in favour of terrestrial habits while also highlighting potential counterarguments. For instance, the discovery of the holotype of
416:
teeth, meaning they were recurved, serrated and possessed flattened sides that gave them a blade-like shape. However, technically such teeth are only known from two species, as the basalmost form lacked serrations while the holotype of
715:
was named by paleontologist Dirk Megirian as a second species within the genus, although the timing of events meant that he could not properly address the newly erected Mekosuchinae in the main text of his publication. The holotype of
5216:
Yates, A.M.; Ristevski, J.; Salisbury, S.W. (2023). "The last Baru (Crocodylia, Mekosuchinae): a new species of 'cleaver-headed crocodile' from central Australia and the turnover of crocodylians during the Late Miocene in Australia".
1324:
The bottom of the maxilla is slightly convex and does not display the same pattern of wave-like rises and drops (known as festooning) that is seen in many other crocodilians. The lack of vertical festooning is especially prominent in
4172:
had been altered beyond the point that the former freshwater systems could form again. The abrupt drying would have led to the local extinction of the crocodilians within the various inland basins, something that modern species of
1131:
2017, who describe pelvic material from the Golden Steph Site and Price is Right Site of the Riversleigh WHA. Though much like with the metatarsal there is no associated skull material to confirm the fossils actually belonged to
1099:, although said teeth have never been described or figured in detail. Another notable discovery is the "Floraville taxon", which according to Jorgo Ristevski and colleagues could represent a second ziphodont genus in addition to
3857:
may have retreated into the water for protection or thermoregulation or even reproduction. Though sceptical of the hypothesized terrestrial habits, Wroe in particular argues that even if more land-based than other crocodilians,
1240:, do not form an internarial bridge that would divide the nares. Looking at them in profile view, the nasals are slightly arched and heavily sculpted, but located entirely on the dorsal surface of the skull. This differentiates
1535:
had finely serrated teeth, with Megirian observing around seven to ten serrations per millimeter, twice as many as are recorded for the indeterminate Pleistocene form from Croydon. The amount of serrations remains unknown in
4115:. It has been suggested that these extinctions were the result of a short but severe burst or aridity that greatly affected the freshwater ecosystems of interior Australia. While this is thought to have prompted a major
3763:
suggest that it was able to swing its legs with much greater force and that the anatomy of various elements gave it increased stability, greater speed and an increased stride length. While some of these adaptations give
3753:
are known, meaning that no such adaptations can be observed directly, there are other mekosuchines and undetermined remains that could suggest improved terrestrial locomotion relative to modern crocodilians. The Eocene
4186:, which is most evident in the fact that the extinction of Australia's megafauna runs in the opposite direction of what would be expected should humans have been the primary driver. According to Rio and Mannion (2021)
1320:
has a highly distinct antorbital shelf, a flattened region located just before the eyes on the dorsal surface of the cranium. This shelf is proportionally larger in Quinkana timara when compared to the other species.
5289:
Stein, M.; Salisbury, S. W.; Hand, S. J.; Archer, M.; Godthelp, H. (2012). "Humeral morphology of the early Eocene mekosuchine crocodylian Kambara from the Tingamarra Local Fauna southeastern Queensland, Australia".
3108:
Yates which unified various different fields for their phylogenies. While the majority of Mekosuchinae remains intact, this resulted in some taxa as being recovered much closer to today's crocodiles. In addition to
1628:
is a matter of debate, but generally hard to determine both due to the absence of significant postcranial remains and the fragmentary nature of most known material. Willis and Mackness suggest that the holotype of
3841:
are an artifact of preservation and that dwarf caimans are capable of raising their heads as has been inferred for certain mekosuchines. However, not all of Wroe's counterarguments hold up. Crocodilian specialist
3758:
for example represents not only the oldest, but also one of the basalmost and most complete mekosuchines currently known, being among the few with studied postcranial remains. Examinations of the limb bones of
1147:
is best distinguished from other mekosuchines by the proportions of its snout and its highly specialised dentition, both of which are oftentimes cited as evidence for a more terrestrial lifestyle. The snout of
1603:
The dentary teeth are poorly understood given the general lack of lower jaw material, but what little is known shows the same overall pattern as those of the upper jaw, with elongated and compressed alveoli.
4160:
were given particular attention by Hocknull and colleagues in 2020, who studied the locality in an attempt to better understand the extinction of Megafauna in eastern Australia (then part of the continent
3850:, with members of said group still being considered to have been largely terrestrial. Naturally Wroe's writings also do not account for later discoveries regarding the pelvic adaptations of mekosuchines.
1652:
arguing that the weight appears to have been an overestimate based on the mass of saltwater crocodiles of equal length. Regardless, 3 meters is still considered to be a reasonable estimate for the larger
5334:
1787:
However, around the late 80s and early 90s researchers began to discover more and more fossil crocodilians from Australia, slowly beginning to recognize various shared features among them. The subfamily
1228:
gives them more exposure towards the side of the skull than in today's crocodilians. The nares are further surrounded by a ring of bone, referred to as the narial rim, that is only weakly developed in
5501:
5077:"A review of terrestrial mammalian and reptilian carnivore ecology in Australian fossil faunas, and factors influencing their diversity: the myth of reptilian domination and its broader ramifications"
694:
could have been a terrestrial predator, though he himself acknowledged several counterarguments to this hypothesis. Based on the same information, he also tentatively suggested a relationship between
779:
was altered the most significantly by Willis and Mackness, removing features such as the prominent knobs before the eyes as they are not preserved in their taxon. The final species to be named was
677:
region. Molnar also assigned the Texas Cave crocodile to the genus, but was hesitant to make an identification on a species level given some slight differences that may or may not be the result of
1291:
is covered by a variety of highly distinct ridges, knobs and other protrusions. In addition to the narial rim surrounding the animal's nostrils and the highly sculpted nasal bone, some species of
4856:
Hocknull, Scott A.; Lewis, Richard; Arnold, Lee J.; Pietsch, Tim; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Price, Gilbert J.; Moss, Patrick; Wood, Rachel; Dosseto, Anthony; Louys, Julien; Olley, Jon (2020-05-18).
707:
Subsequent years saw a noticeable improvement in the scientific understanding of Australasian fossil crocodilians, with various species being described and finally being placed in the subfamily
787:
by Willis. It was described only a year later in 1997 on the basis of multiple maxillary fragments and a partial dentary alongside multiple other mekosuchines from the White Hunter Site of the
4111:
In continental Australia, mekosuchines experienced two major waves of extinction, the first of which taking place sometime during the late Miocene and wiping out a number of genera including
1038:
had partially interlocking teeth that lacked serrations, meaning it was the only species within the genus to not be ziphodont. It is generally regarded as being among the smaller species of
903:. While the genus as a whole is best known for its ziphodont teeth, they are only inferred for the holotype, as the actual fossil did not preserve with any teeth still in their sockets. The
673:
as a genus in 1981 based primarily on the rostrum from the Chillagoe caves, though he also dealt with much of the more fragmentary material including the Chinchilla jugal and teeth from the
1776:
from most other crocodilians with the exception of members of the Pristichampsinae. Though Molnar did not definitively assign the genus to said family (which has since then been changed to
1264:
s skull. While the former contributes to the side of the skull, the latter is located entirely on the dorsal surface much like the nasals. The shape of the lacrimal further indicates that
3829:
in a 2002 publication, casting doubt over the idea and arguing for the contrary, partially due to the apparent rarity of reptile remains compared to those of marsupials. The rarity of
1356:
Several more features of the skull are only visible when looking at it from below, in ventral view. For instance, the ventral contact between premaxilla and maxilla is U-shape and the
812:
After these early descriptions, things became relatively quiet in terms of fossil material, with far fewer notable discoveries being made. During this period the ecology and habits of
1516:
for example this orientation is best observed ventrolaterally, meaning the inclination is most obvious when looking at the bottom of the skull from a slight angle. However, unlike in
4092:, two species of monitor lizards (including Megalania) and three crocodilians, once again showing how multiple members of the latter group seemingly coexisted alongside each other.
421:
did not preserve teeth in its alveoli. The genus is distinguishable by the combination of these ziphodont teeth and a deep, altirostral skull that is sometimes compared to those of
1844:
as a mekosuchine has prevailed as the dominant interpretation, especially as the family expanded more and more thanks to new fossil discoveries. However, the precise position of
1439:
indicates that the mandibular symphysis, the fused section at the tip of the lower jaw, extended back until the sixth dentary tooth. A dentary piece has also been assigned to
638:
Additional discoveries were made in the years following this event, with a second ziphodont crocodilian being recovered from the Texas Caves in southern Queensland in 1975 by
501:
would eventually die out towards the end of the Pleistocene, with estimates suggesting that it died out somewhere between 40.000 and 10.000 years ago. The precise reasons for
1337:
did not have the sinuous outline like other crocodilians, which is marked by the presence of multiple constrictions and expansions of the maxillae. The only notch present in
837:
people. Molnar explains that part of the reason for this choice in name was that Quinkans were represented by crocodiles in at least one instance at a southeastern Cape York
1420:
featured so called "lateral chambers", which are also seen in other crocodilians. However, most likely because of the increased depth of the skull, the lateral chambers of
3853:
Terrestrial habits and proximity to water may not be mutually exclusive. Some researchers, including Willis and Wroe, have gone on to propose that though hunting on land,
1490:
it is noted that the elongated alveoli likely correspond to teeth that are compressed laterally (side to side). Though only inferred for the holotype, other specimens of
466:
also support this line of thinking, even though no clear overlap to confirm this hypothesis exists. While the majority of mekosuchine researchers support the idea that
4003:, featuring a well developed aquatic ecosystem surrounded by vine thickets and rainforest. Even more recent rock layers of the late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene saw
721:
625:
3732:
While no associated limb and skull fossils are known, pelvic form four suggest that at least one mekosuchine had a more upright posture and could therefore represent
4726:"Quinkana babarra, a new species of ziphodont mekosuchine crocodile from the Early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, Northern Australia with a revision of the genus"
4178:
became more frequent around 44.000 years ago, which was only exacerbated by the decline of grazing megafauna and a reduction of the local grasslands. The arrival of
775:
proved to be much more fragmentary than either of the two established species. Partly for this reason, the diagnosis that had been established by previous works for
7747:
7667:
7587:
3960:. While many of the prey animals at Bullock Creek do show signs of having been attacked by crocodilians, the more flattened punctures that would have been left by
1572:
further stands out from other species in the fact that its teeth do not form an overbite and instead partially interlock more akin to those of modern crocodiles.
3944:, which according to more recent research may have been a type of gharial. Both of these crocodilians may have preferred different habitats from one another and
1304:. More ridges can be found where the maxilla transitions from its lateral (sideways facing) to its dorsal surface. Finally, both the lacrimal and prefrontal of
3744:
is the lack of fossils representing the body or limbs. As discussed by Molnar, many extinct crocodylomorphs were in part determined to be terrestrial based on
1127:
on account of the taxon's inferred terrestrial habits, though this is still under debate. Another instance of possible postcranial material is noted in Stein
646:
was described. These early finds include not just the Texas Cave crocodile but also the Croydon specimens, the Rosella Plains teeth (originally identified as
5544:
3906:
may have preferred open woodlands in the vicinity of extensive bodies of freshwater, with some localities having been likened to today's Kakadu National Park
830:
1244:
from sebecosuchians, in which the nasals contribute to the sides of the skull and form a median crest. The maxillae are steep, which gives the skull of
564:
4226:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem"
3866:
terrestrial capabilities, with some indetermined remains all but confirming the existence of mekosuchines with erect, pillar-like limbs, the status of
3777:
of these animals based on fossils found across Australia. Among these fossils were various elements discovered in regions that also yielded remains of
1030:
appears to lack several key features that are characteristic for more recent members of the genus. In addition to being much more slender-snouted than
8006:
3816:
couldn't have filled the same niche as big cats. A similar sentiment was echoed by Sobbe, Price and Knezour, who proposed that Australia underwent a "
4103:
coincides with an abrupt burst of aridification that lead to the drying of various river systems and the subsequent collapse of the local woodlands.
3740:
While many of the questions raised by the skull anatomy could be solved by sufficient information regarding the postcranial skeleton, the issue with
1588:
on account of the narrowing maxilla, however as Megirian points out the lack of space for an additional tooth could have been compensated for by the
7907:
7827:
7734:
7654:
7574:
3704:
preying on other crocodilians as it is possible that they were built to take down terrestrial prey. Busbey later argued that the ziphodont teeth of
1268:
had eyes that faced sideways rather than up, a hallmark of more terrestrial crocodylomorphs. While the region below the eyes is poorly preserved in
1047:
1892:. Another study headed by Jorgo Ristevski, the results of which are shown on the right, found results that differed significantly, suggesting that
1300:
meanwhile was noted to not have had a full crest but rather multiple isolated peaks, the largest of which corresponding to the end of the crest in
7991:
543:
4064:, though it is noted that it was likely rare in eastern Queensland relative to other parts of Australia. Another Late Pleistocene river deposit,
1376:
seem to end between the fenestrae where they contact the maxilla via a V-shaped suture. This section is so small that Molnar initially described
1272:, there are still several aspects that can be inferred for it and other species provide additional information. Initially, Molnar described the
7986:
3883:
1312:, which specifically possessed two such knobs located on the lacrimal and a single knob on the prefrontal. These features are not exclusive to
4986:"Variation in the pelvic and pectoral girdles of Australian OligoโMiocene mekosuchine crocodiles with implications for locomotion and habitus"
5270:
539:
7981:
5407:
Megirian, D.; Murray, P.F.; Willis, P. (1991). "A new crocodile of the gavial ecomorph morphology from the Miocene of northern Australia".
4143:
3999:, giant snakes and large monitor lizards. The environment of this region has previously been suggested to have been similar to today's
1556:
range from five to eight serrations based on individuals from France and seven to nine serrations based on specimen collected from the
1452:
771:
of northeast Queensland, a locality that would have been intermediate in time between those of the two previously named taxa. However,
7966:
5162:
5125:
1797:
760:
729:
3781:, specifically the Riversleigh WHA. Four morphotypes are identified by the team, with "pelvic form four" having possibly belonged to
7976:
4557:
5385:
1276:
as not extending in front of the orbits, a claim later refuted by Megirian. Not only does the jugal extend in front of the eyes in
907:
was based on the Latin words "fortis" and "rostrum" meaning "strong" and "beak" (in reference to the species' snout) respectively.
732:
in the Northern Territory. In the same paper, Megirian also attributes multiple other fossils from the same site to this species.
654:). Generally, these remains were isolated elements dating to the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Some remains have even been found near
7996:
7971:
7470:
5537:
4828:
4072:
material alongside 16 other species of megafauna, only three of which are still extant. While the herbivore fauna is composed of
374:. Four species are currently recognized, all of which have been named between 1981 and 1997. The two best understood species are
7475:
1540:
on account of the type specimen not preserving teeth, but Pleistocene teeth generally appear less finely serrated than those of
1641:, suggesting that the two were of somewhat similar size despite the fact that the former was proportionally much more robust.
1015:
788:
6803:
6630:
1088:
6849:
6718:
3870:
remains uncertain until more material showcasing a clear link between said material and the diagnostic skulls can be found.
3573:
3118:
2523:
1800:, and Professor John Scanlon to define this growing number of Australian crocodilian genera. It was designed to accommodate
1136:, the terrestrial adaptations suggested by the anatomy of the material would match what is commonly inferred for the genus.
1026:
described. It was described based on multiple fossils of the maxilla as well as a partial lower jaw. As the oldest species,
1896:
was in fact not related to these other terrestrial forms, but instead most closely allied to large-bodied generalists like
5336:
The systematics, palaeobiology and palaeoecology of Kambara taraina sp. nov. from the Eocene Rundle Formation, Queensland
1443:
based on the fact that it lacked festooning and features laterally compressed teeth identical to those of the upper jaw.
1432:. In contrast to this, the lateral chambers and nasal passage of modern saltwater crocodiles are confluent with another.
4065:
3833:
has also been noted by other researchers. In addition to this, Wroe more generally argues against terrestrial habits in
1884:
according to their study, placing it as a derived member of the group most closely related to small dwarf forms such as
1645:
is generally considered to be the smallest of the four species, being described as small to moderately sized by Willis.
1079:, though the holotype of said species is actually toothless. Teeth are also known from a multitude of other localities.
639:
4304:
Ristevski, J.; Willis, P.M.A.; Yates, A.M.; White, M.A.; Hart, L.J.; Stein, M.D.; Price, G.J.; Salisbury, S.W. (2023).
1833:
to the Mekosuchinae with a 1995 publication, once again confirming the validity of this grouping despite the fact that
5530:
3398:
2745:
805:
453:, with both sides providing a variety of arguments. Academic analysis cites comparative morphologies as indicators of
6710:
5877:
398:, from the Pliocene and Oligocene respectively, are only known from a few poorly preserved bone fragments. The name
6931:
5158:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
5035:
Flannery, T. F. (1990). "Pleistocene faunal loss: implications of the aftershock for Australia's past and future".
1512:
species is that they are somewhat inclined to the sides of the maxilla which is visible from different angles. In
1152:
is noticeably deep and angular, its proportions somewhat resembling much older fossil crocodylomorphs such as the
518:
has a long history. Some of the earliest fossil finds now attributed to this genus date as far back as 1886, when
6903:
4164:). According to them, the hydroclimactic conditions began to deteriorate abruptly around 48.000 years ago in the
3720:
also remark on this possibility, suggesting that ziphodont dentition could allow for cursorial hunting, allowing
2560:
136:
6549:
5502:"Fossil turtles from the early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, with a description of a new species of Elseya"
4549:
662:, though like the Texas Cave material they too were originally considered to have belonged to a sebecosuchian.
5870:
5352:"Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeogene ziphodont eusuchians and the status of Pristichampsus Gervais, 1853"
1772:
acquiring the ziphodont condition. At the same time, the snout form and ziphodont dentition clearly set apart
767:
F23220), a fragment of the maxilla, was uncovered in 1991 by Mackness at the Dick's Mother Lode Quarry in the
6635:
4147:
Aridification and an increase in forest fires are thought to have been the main factor for the extinction of
1467:
between the first tooth and the incisive foramen. A further 12 tooth sockets are preserved in the maxilla of
8001:
6924:
3846:
for example maintains that the hooves of planocraniids were an anatomical feature rather than the result of
3432:
3357:
2792:
2691:
1115:
1072:
7410:
7184:
7514:
7434:
7208:
6917:
3805:
skull material is found, it cannot be ruled out that the hip fossils belonged to a different mekosuchine.
3501:
2630:
768:
651:
4306:"Migrations, diversifications and extinctions: the evolutionary history of crocodyliforms in Australasia"
1600:
meboldi is known to have had a minimum of 14 maxillary teeth, setting it apart from the younger species.
981:
681:. The same is the case with most of the other material examined in this work, though the similarities to
7961:
7933:
7853:
7773:
7680:
7600:
7394:
7387:
7200:
7192:
7076:
5713:
5633:
3843:
2718:
1333:. Lateral festooning was likewise not well developed, which means that when viewed from above skulls of
1119:
1092:
519:
7418:
5386:"Continuity and Contrast in Middle and Late Miocene Vertebrate Communities from the Northern Territory"
1674:
1189:, an older form from the Miocene, had noticeably more slender jaws that most closely resemble those of
1360:
is wider than it is long. Other major differences to other crocodilians can be seen in regards to the
1091:
is mentioned by Sobbe and colleagues and several isolated ziphodont teeth have been discovered in the
817:
sampled locality known for its abundant material of Megalania. This marked the first Late Pleistocene
7894:
7814:
7721:
7641:
7561:
6910:
6599:
6592:
6542:
6340:
5447:
5299:
5226:
4939:
4930:
4869:
4481:
4317:
4182:, though falling into the same time frame, was likely coincidental and not tied to the extinction of
4000:
3745:
1853:
1769:
1495:
1060:
3333:
2664:
2272:
799:
756:
6578:
6305:
3673:
Much more important than the circumstances of the fossils preservation is the actual morphology of
3381:
3208:
3160:
2050:
2014:
1589:
1425:
1380:
as lacking an anterior process altogether, whereas Megirian described the palatine process of both
1161:
1043:
951:
947:
470:
was terrestrial, some counter arguments have been raised in the past, especially highlighting that
370:
from about 25 million to about 10,000 years ago, with the majority of fossils having been found in
4776:"New crocodilians from the late Oligocene White Hunter Site, Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland"
3826:
1848:
within Mekosuchinae is still not fully resolved and has undergone various incarnations. In a 2018
1087:
Fossil Site that has yet to be named. A small terrestrial mekosuchine from the middle Pleistocene
7442:
7351:
7343:
7069:
6347:
6326:
6319:
5980:
5856:
5660:
5479:
5471:
5315:
4955:
4824:"A ziphodont crocodile from the late Pleistocene King Creek catchment, Darling Downs, Queensland"
4513:
4335:
3415:
2772:
1281:
934:
538:
began in earnest in 1970 with the discovery of fossil material in the Tea Tree Cave (part of the
446:
131:
7938:
7858:
7778:
7685:
4060:
7752:
7672:
7605:
1698:
within Mekosuchinae is uncertain, but it may be related to either small terrestrial forms like
7920:
7840:
7760:
7592:
7358:
6857:
6824:
6585:
6312:
6117:
5463:
5266:
5191:
5121:
5096:
5017:
4926:"Possible evidence for intraspecific aggression in a Pliocene crocodile from north Queensland"
4903:
4885:
4563:
4553:
4505:
4497:
4411:
4259:
1817:
1720:, early research was uncertain about its relationship to other crocodilians. The type species
1494:
clearly show that this was the case and that the teeth were furthermore serrated, making them
1365:
1107:, Ristevski and colleagues have argued that many isolated teeth traditionally referred to the
984:
of Queensland, but only preserved through a fragment of the maxilla and a few isolated teeth.
849:
764:
655:
7925:
7845:
7765:
4036:
is known to have coexisted with Megalania and a wide range of potential prey items including
7336:
6571:
6434:
6397:
6333:
6228:
6094:
5455:
5416:
5363:
5307:
5234:
5181:
5171:
5088:
5044:
5007:
4997:
4947:
4893:
4877:
4858:"Extinction of eastern Sahul megafauna coincides with sustained environmental deterioration"
4489:
4401:
4325:
4249:
4239:
1394:
1357:
1308:
have well developed knobs where other crocodilians sometimes have ridges. This is unique to
1096:
930:
838:
204:
191:
34:
5436:"A Pliocene mekosuchine (Eusuchia: Crocodilia) from the Lake Eyre Basin of South Australia"
3916:
is its proximity to other crocodilians with which it shared its habitat with. For example,
3728:
996:
by likely having a wider and shorter snout. The name is derived from the Gugu-Yalanji word
7426:
7402:
7365:
7285:
7033:
6760:
6519:
6504:
6469:
6412:
6282:
6138:
6083:
5900:
5884:
4165:
4116:
4073:
3980:
3770:
3184:
1994:
1257:
659:
3708:
were developed convergently to those of large, terrestrial predatory lizards such as the
1764:
and it was determined that the genus should fall under Eusuchia, whereas similarities to
1201:, has been described as having had a shorter and broader snout than even the Pleistocene
5451:
5303:
5230:
4943:
4873:
4485:
4321:
1904:. Yet another alternative was recovered by Yates and colleagues in their description of
1329:, in which the toothrow is nearly straight, though slightly more developed in the older
1075:
of southeastern Queensland and shares similarities with teeth traditionally assigned to
7552:
7299:
7277:
7019:
7011:
6969:
6767:
6702:
6688:
6561:
6274:
6258:
6187:
6145:
6103:
6075:
6053:
6010:
5945:
5932:
5907:
5892:
5863:
5794:
5750:
5735:
5186:
5157:
5114:
Scanlon, J.D. (2014). "Giant terrestrial reptilian carnivores of Cenozoic Australia.".
5048:
5012:
4985:
4898:
4254:
4225:
4077:
4044:
2362:
1960:
1857:
1777:
1734:
1545:
1165:
1153:
700:
551:
426:
422:
30:
1564:
meanwhile seems to have had both serrated and unserrated teeth at the same time while
1471:, much resembling the posterior alveoli of the premaxilla in their elongated form. In
114:
7955:
7497:
7329:
7322:
7307:
7292:
7255:
7241:
7153:
7138:
7130:
7047:
7026:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6873:
6787:
6775:
6725:
6695:
6680:
6666:
6448:
6419:
6389:
6251:
6220:
6207:
6195:
6179:
6161:
6124:
6024:
5848:
5826:
5483:
5351:
5319:
5115:
4823:
4662:
Molnar (Eusuchia: Crocodylidae) from the Miocene Camfield Beds of Northern Australia"
4585:
4339:
4009:
3709:
3525:
2509:
2111:
1861:
1429:
1361:
1341:
is the one separating the maxillae and premaxillae. The most prominent festooning in
1253:
1169:
942:
895:
was described in 1981 by Ralph Molnar based on a partial skull collected from middle
674:
72:
4959:
4775:
4725:
4657:
4517:
4435:
4406:
4389:
1260:, two elements located before the eyes, are highly affected by the angular shape of
7885:
7805:
7712:
7632:
7492:
7315:
7248:
7161:
7146:
7113:
7102:
7054:
6836:
6746:
6733:
6653:
6532:
6483:
6476:
6404:
6266:
6243:
6068:
6060:
6031:
5973:
5966:
5841:
5726:
5618:
5593:
3786:
3300:
3283:
3225:
3056:
2546:
2473:
2174:
2147:
1946:
1881:
1793:
1789:
1751:
1725:
1717:
963:
904:
888:
834:
793:
708:
666:
555:
547:
531:
403:
360:
296:
256:
230:
5459:
4330:
4305:
950:. The species was defined as having a โnarrower snoutโ and โproportionally larger
5311:
4543:
4469:
1868:
age) data were used simultaneously to established the inter-relationships within
7546:
7270:
7263:
7061:
7040:
7004:
6976:
6955:
6497:
6490:
6462:
6455:
6441:
6382:
6235:
6171:
6131:
6110:
6038:
6017:
5959:
5833:
5801:
5758:
5435:
5263:
Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime
4857:
4493:
4038:
3128:. However, these results are generally not followed by mekosuchine researchers.
2091:
1805:
1746:
1740:
1544:. Overall, the amount of serrations bears similarities to the range observed in
1103:. Given the large quantity of ziphodont crocodilians likely to be distinct from
1068:
896:
650:), the Darling Downs teeth and the Chinchilla jugal (named so after the town of
450:
47:
7537:
5145:. Linnean Society of New South Wales Symposium on the Quaternary. Vol. 10.
4881:
1780:), he argued that future discoveries were likely to confirm his suspicion that
7224:
7088:
6893:
6817:
6810:
6796:
6375:
5992:
5772:
5672:
5584:
5554:
5367:
5356:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
4951:
4436:"Quaternary vertebrate faunas from the Texas Caves of southeastern Queensland"
4054:
3821:
3694:
is perhaps the closest to planocraniids regarding its skull proportions, with
3599:
3124:
2335:
1869:
1849:
1804:
and other genera which demonstrated unique characteristics and were native to
1557:
1273:
1221:
1173:
900:
485:
413:
371:
363:
214:
92:
57:
5467:
5100:
4889:
4501:
4415:
3987:
appeared in the Bluff Downs Local Fauna alongside an undetermined species of
7174:
6512:
6295:
5779:
5645:
4925:
4567:
4169:
4049:
3957:
3847:
3817:
3665:
evidence for terrestrial habits either. Many of the localities that yielded
2864:
1873:
1812:. The Mekosuchinae classification was contrasted in the 1994 description of
1451:
1157:
1019:
1000:
meaning โolder sisterโ in reference to it being older than the type species.
725:
647:
506:
around the same time, were likely not responsible for this chain of events.
367:
148:
97:
41:
5195:
5176:
5021:
4907:
4545:
Dragons in the Dust: The Paleobiology of the Giant Monitor Lizard Megalania
4509:
4263:
1612:
1508:
are considered to be truly ziphodont. Another feature of the teeth of some
739:
Quinkan rock art near Laura, Queensland. These spirits are the namesake of
5409:
Beagle: Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory
4984:
Stein, Michael D.; Yates, Adam; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael (2017).
3940:, a semi-aquatic predator specialised in large prey, and the longirostine
1685:
7879:
7799:
7706:
7626:
7531:
7377:
6426:
6046:
5602:
5578:
4202:
material in the eastern Darling Downs following the end of the Pliocene.
1809:
1729:
685:
were clear, the material was generally too fragmentary to be assigned to
678:
514:
As one of the first fossil crocodilians to be recognized from Australia,
168:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
5475:
5141:
Salisbury, S. W.; Willis, P.M.A.; Scanlon, J.D.; Mackness, B.S. (1995).
4244:
526:, in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, which he informally dubbed
7912:
7832:
7739:
7659:
7579:
5765:
5522:
5002:
4081:
3790:
2594:
1756:
1177:
1084:
458:
353:
178:
102:
77:
5238:
4131:
and kin, this burst of aridification does not appear to have affected
3894:
1063:, northwestern Queensland, which exhibits alveoli similar to those of
6362:
5572:
5420:
5076:
4179:
1865:
158:
7508:
5143:
Plio-Pleistocene gigantism in Quinkana (Crocodyloidea; Mekosuchinae)
5092:
4470:"Crocodile with Laterally Compressed Snout: First Find in Australia"
3920:
was found alongside three other crocodilians, the small terrestrial
1552:
possessing around six serrations per millimeter, while specimens of
821:
material of the region since the teeth mentioned by Molnar in 1981.
735:
474:
is still consistently found to have lived near freshwater. The role
1568:, the oldest species, lacked serrations on its carinae altogether.
941:
is known from a lot more material than the other species, with the
5808:
4586:"An early Eocene crocodilian from Murgon, southeastern Queensland"
4230:
4161:
4142:
3837:. Examples used by Wroe include the hypothesis that the hooves of
3727:
2308:
1816:, in which Dirk Megirian suggested that further research into the
1611:
1450:
1209:
848:
734:
356:
7899:
7819:
7726:
7646:
7566:
3712:. Willis followed this idea, suggesting that large varanids and
1353:, however even in these species the condition is barely present.
1067:, but is too fragmentary to be attributed with certainty. A late
550:
as well as extinct groups that shared similar morphology, namely
6881:
5743:
3862:
may have still needed freshwater in order to breed or cool off.
2891:
2194:
1500:
1368:. Although only very little of the actual palatines is known in
7512:
6651:
5930:
5711:
5565:
5526:
3793:, which differ greatly from "pelvic form one" (associated with
1524:
with their oblique tooth orientation, the axis of the teeth in
1388:
as simply having been small. Similarly, the palatal process of
724:
P895-19) consists of various snout fragments discovered within
445:
The genus has been argued amongst paleontologists to be either
386:, a more gracile form from the Miocene. The other two species,
4584:
Willis, Paul M.A.; Molnar, Ralph E.; Scanlon, John D. (1993).
4085:
3774:
4822:
Sobbe, Ian H.; Price, Gilbert J.; Knezour, Robert A. (2013).
3677:. Ever since the description of the genus, it was noted that
980:
Named in 1996, this species is known from the early Pliocene
962:, which are thin Quinkans or โspirits" in the culture of the
873:(d) were all described from skull remains of varying quality.
542:
of Northern Queensland) by Lyndsey Hawkins, a member of the
483:
was relatively rare, whereas large marsupial predators like
3964:
s ziphodont teeth are noted to be much rarer than those of
1435:
Few lower jaws are known, but fossil material referred to
4224:
Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021).
1531:
The development of the serrations differs among species.
833:, a type of spirit of the Northern Queensland aboriginal
665:
These discoveries caught the attention of paleontologist
5339:(PhD thesis). Melbourne: Monash University. p. 340.
3995:, while non-crocodilian predators include the marsupial
402:
comes from the "Quinkans", a legendary folk spirit from
1837:
was the only taxon in the family with ziphodont teeth.
1197:
had similarly narrower jaws while yet another species,
1114:
A metatarsal bone (QM F30566) was found in 1992 in the
429:, leading some early researchers to mistakenly assign
4730:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
3956:
possibly living in slow moving waters like ponds and
1428:
and extend into the space between the palate and the
1022:
deposit (ca. 25 Ma), making it the oldest species of
5509:
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia
5292:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
4310:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
3716:
may have taken down prey in a similar manner. Stein
2969:
2949:
2922:
2895:
2868:
2796:
2776:
2749:
2722:
2695:
2668:
2634:
2598:
2564:
2527:
2386:
2366:
2339:
2312:
2276:
2256:
2199:
2178:
2151:
2115:
2095:
2054:
2018:
1998:
1964:
522:
found a variety of fossil bones, including those of
329:
316:
303:
286:
263:
7869:
7789:
7696:
7616:
7521:
7375:
7223:
7172:
7112:
7086:
6953:
6891:
6835:
6786:
6744:
6664:
6559:
6530:
6361:
6293:
6206:
6159:
6093:
5990:
5943:
5818:
5725:
5671:
5644:
5617:
1014:This species was found at the White Hunter Site in
4390:"Pleistocene ziphodont crocodilians of Queensland"
5434:Yates, Adam M.; Pledge, Neville S. (2017-01-02).
5156:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
5117:Carnivores of Australia: past, present and future
4151:, but there is no evidence for human involvement.
1624:The precise size reached by species of the genus
1424:are much more prominent than in animals like the
4590:Kaupia: Darmstรคdter Beitrรคge zur Naturgeschichte
5384:Murray, Peter; Megirian, Dirk (December 1992).
3971:During the Pliocene an undetermined species of
3699:compression and serrations are both signs that
1633:was slightly smaller than both the holotype of
4724:Willis, Paul M.A.; Mackness, Brian S. (1996).
3912:A somewhat consistent fact about the range of
1220:they are located very close to the tip of the
929:is known from the Bullock Creek Locality near
5538:
1596:is unknown given its fragmentary nature, but
8:
1224:and are deeply notched, which especially in
958:. This distinction is reflected in the name
3797:) and "pelvic form three" (associated with
1071:tooth (QM F57032) was found in 2013 in the
7509:
7233:
7122:
7094:
6961:
6841:
6752:
6672:
6661:
6648:
6367:
6212:
6203:
6002:
5998:
5951:
5940:
5927:
5722:
5708:
5650:
5623:
5614:
5562:
5545:
5531:
5523:
5284:
5282:
4190:finally died out around 10.000 years ago.
1716:predates most of the research done on the
1018:, northwestern Queensland which is a late
492:Regardless of its lifestyle and behavior,
113:
20:
5185:
5175:
5011:
5001:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4924:Mackness, Brian; Sutton, Richard (2000).
4897:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4405:
4329:
4253:
4243:
3991:and a mekosuchine possibly referrable to
1784:was related to these Paleogene animals.
1728:in 1981 through comparison against other
5261:Murray, P. F.; Vickers-Rich, P. (2004).
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5205:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4025:species and an indeterminate species of
1760:. The most similarities were found with
1111:could also belong to these other forms.
1048:Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
937:, dating to the middle to late Miocene.
747:Only two years later a third species of
5495:
5493:
5379:
5377:
4919:
4917:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4579:
4577:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4211:
3785:due to the highly derived state of the
3097:
544:Sydney University Speleological Society
5070:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5058:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4219:
4217:
4215:
3808:One suggestion made by Molnar is that
2496:
1933:
1620:after Flannery (1990) and Sobbe (2013)
829:Its generic name was derived from the
711:in 1993. Shortly after this, in 1994,
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
3983:, specifically the Mampuwordu Sands.
7:
5500:Thomson, S.A.; Mackness, B. (1999).
3548:
3541:
3518:
3493:
3373:
3349:
3325:
3275:
3268:
3200:
3176:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
2937:
2910:
2883:
2856:
2764:
2737:
2710:
2683:
2656:
2649:
2622:
2586:
2579:
2552:
2542:
2515:
2505:
2498:
2354:
2327:
2300:
2248:
2241:
2166:
2139:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2042:
1986:
1979:
1952:
1942:
1935:
853:The holotype specimens of the four
5440:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
5163:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
5049:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1990.tb00232.x
3670:favoring a terrestrial lifestyle.
1840:Since then, the interpretation of
14:
4068:in Western Queensland, recovered
3952:frequenting shallower waters and
126:at the Central Australian Museum
8007:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
7474:
7469:
6634:
6629:
4829:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
4780:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
4440:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
4394:Records of the Australian Museum
4088:, carnivores are represented by
3893:
3882:
1768:were dismissed as the result of
1724:was originally classified under
1702:or large semi-aquatic taxa like
1684:
1673:
1180:. Molnar describes the skull of
616:
615:
607:
606:
598:
597:
589:
588:
580:
579:
571:
570:
563:
135:
4407:10.3853/j.0067-1975.33.1981.198
789:Riversleigh World Heritage Area
7992:Cenozoic reptiles of Australia
4155:Fossil evidence suggests that
1528:fall in line with each other.
1042:. The species was named after
783:, discovered the same year as
755:, was described, this time by
1:
7987:Pleistocene genus extinctions
5460:10.1080/02724634.2017.1244540
5081:Australian Journal of Zoology
4331:10.1080/03115518.2023.2201319
3655:The ecology and lifestyle of
1168:that were primarily found in
1046:, a German astronomer of the
5312:10.1080/03115518.2012.671697
5265:. Indiana University Press.
4468:Molnar, R. E. (1977-07-01).
4388:Molnar, R. E. (1981-10-31).
122:Restoration of the skull of
7982:Pleistocene crocodylomorphs
4494:10.1126/science.197.4298.62
3928:and the large semi-aquatic
3922:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
3399:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
3226:"Asiatosuchus" nanlingensis
2746:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
1486:In the type description of
988:can be differentiated from
806:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
633:fossils found in Queensland
534:). The research history of
412:is primarily known for its
325:Willis & Mackness, 1996
8023:
4882:10.1038/s41467-020-15785-w
4774:Willis, Paul M.A. (1997).
3936:locality was also home to
3122:just outside of the genus
3116:, which nested closely to
1852:study by Lee & Yates,
1592:bone. The tooth count for
7967:Oligocene crocodylomorphs
7487:
7467:
7236:
7125:
7097:
6964:
6844:
6755:
6675:
6660:
6647:
6627:
6370:
6215:
6005:
6001:
5954:
5939:
5926:
5721:
5707:
5653:
5626:
5613:
5561:
5368:10.1017/S1755691013000200
4952:10.1080/03115510008619523
4007:coexist with the gharial
3924:, the small semi-aquatic
3596:
3570:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3523:
3516:
3498:
3491:
3429:
3412:
3395:
3378:
3371:
3354:
3347:
3330:
3323:
3297:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3222:
3205:
3198:
3181:
3174:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3054:
2962:
2942:
2935:
2915:
2908:
2888:
2881:
2861:
2854:
2789:
2769:
2762:
2742:
2735:
2715:
2708:
2688:
2681:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2627:
2620:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2561:Kalthifrons aurivellensis
2557:
2550:
2540:
2520:
2513:
2503:
2471:
2379:
2359:
2352:
2332:
2325:
2305:
2298:
2269:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2191:
2171:
2164:
2144:
2137:
2108:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2047:
2040:
2011:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1957:
1950:
1940:
1416:Internally, the skull of
283:
278:
262:
255:
132:Scientific classification
130:
121:
112:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
7977:Pliocene crocodylomorphs
6804:"Crocodylus" gariepensis
4550:Indiana University Press
4434:Archer, Michael (1978).
1916:and a clade composed of
1792:was proposed in 1993 by
1156:that existed during the
530:(now considered to be a
380:, the type species, and
7997:Crocodiles of Australia
7972:Miocene crocodylomorphs
7077:"Tomistoma" lusitanicum
6850:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
6719:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
5333:Buchanan, L.A. (2008).
4656:Megirian, Dirk (1994).
3574:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
3433:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
3358:Trilophosuchus rackhami
3119:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
3103:Though the position of
2793:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2692:Trilophosuchus rackhami
2524:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
1876:shows the placement of
1554:Boverisuchus magnifrons
1116:Bluff Downs fossil site
489:were much more common.
5219:Papers in Paleontology
5177:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
5075:Wroe, Stephen (2002).
5037:Archaeology in Oceania
4542:Molnar, R. E. (2004).
4152:
4127:filling the niches of
4095:Overall, the range of
3737:
3502:Australosuchus clarkae
2631:Australosuchus clarkae
1621:
1460:
1232:and very prominent in
946:localities within the
921:The second species of
874:
839:rock painting location
769:Charters Towers Region
744:
730:Bullock Creek Locality
652:Chinchilla, Queensland
7934:Paleobiology Database
7854:Paleobiology Database
7774:Paleobiology Database
7681:Paleobiology Database
7618:Quinkana fortirostrum
7601:Paleobiology Database
5350:Brochu, C.A. (2013).
4862:Nature Communications
4146:
3731:
3662:Quinkana fortirostrum
3112:, this also affected
2966:Quinkana fortirostrum
2719:Volia athollandersoni
1649:Quinkana fortirostrum
1618:Quinkana fortirostrum
1615:
1586:Quinkana fortirostrum
1577:Quinkana fortirostrum
1538:Quinkana fortirostrum
1514:Quinkana fortirostrum
1473:Quinkana fortirostrum
1469:Quinkana fortirostrum
1464:Quinkana fortirostrum
1454:
1374:Quinkana fortirostrum
1370:Quinkana fortirostrum
1327:Quinkana fortirostrum
1314:Quinkana fortirostrum
1306:Quinkana fortirostrum
1270:Quinkana fortirostrum
1182:Quinkana fortirostrum
1150:Quinkana fortirostrum
1089:Mt. Etna caves system
1077:Quinkana fortirostrum
1032:Quinkana fortirostrum
880:Quinkana fortirostrum
871:Quinkana fortirostrum
852:
738:
687:Quinkana fortirostrum
528:Pallimnarchus pollens
520:Charles Walter De Vis
419:Quinkana fortirostrum
291:Quinkana fortirostrum
268:Quinkana fortirostrum
7352:"Tomistoma" coppensi
7344:"Tomistoma" cairense
7070:"Tomistoma" cairense
6711:"Crocodylus" affinis
5878:"Crocodylus" affinis
5120:. CSIRO Publishing.
4552:. pp. 174โ175.
4119:, with taxa such as
4001:Kakadu National Park
1616:Size comparisson of
1548:, with specimens of
626:class=notpageimage|
7359:"Tomistoma" dowsoni
5452:2017JVPal..37E4540Y
5304:2012Alch...36..473S
5231:2023PPal....9E1523Y
4944:2000Alch...24...55M
4874:2020NatCo..11.2250H
4486:1977Sci...197...62M
4322:2023Alch...47..370R
4245:10.7717/peerj.12094
4021:, a possible third
3825:been questioned by
3382:Ultrastenos willisi
3209:Kambara murgonensis
3161:Kambara implexidens
2255:Bullock Creek taxon
2051:Kambara murgonensis
2015:Kambara implexidens
1908:, which positioned
1426:saltwater crocodile
1162:northern hemisphere
982:Allingham Formation
6932:C. thorbjarnarsoni
5981:Listrognathosuchus
5857:Brachyuranochampsa
5003:10.7717/peerj.3501
4658:"A New Species of
4153:
4066:South Walker Creek
4019:Paludirex gracilis
4015:Paludirex vincenti
3844:Christopher Brochu
3738:
3416:Mekosuchus sanderi
2773:Mekosuchus sanderi
1872:. Below, the left
1622:
1550:Boverisuchus vorax
1461:
1282:American alligator
1093:Otibanda Formation
935:Northern Territory
875:
745:
629:Locations of some
510:History and naming
7949:
7948:
7921:Open Tree of Life
7841:Open Tree of Life
7761:Open Tree of Life
7515:Taxon identifiers
7506:
7505:
7483:
7482:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7219:
7218:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6904:C. anthropophagus
6643:
6642:
6625:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6357:
6356:
6155:
6154:
6118:Eurycephalosuchus
5922:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5871:"Crocodylus" acer
5703:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5272:978-0-253-34282-9
5239:10.1002/spp2.1523
4170:hydrological flow
3647:
3646:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3585:
3584:
3480:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3443:
3312:
3311:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2843:
2842:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2609:
2608:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2287:
2286:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2126:
2125:
2029:
2028:
1405:and the eight in
1401:, the seventh in
1366:palatal fenestrae
899:cave deposits in
698:and the European
656:Lake Palankarinna
442:specimens found.
345:
344:
339:
326:
313:
300:
251:
8014:
7942:
7941:
7929:
7928:
7916:
7915:
7903:
7902:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7871:Quinkana meboldi
7862:
7861:
7849:
7848:
7836:
7835:
7823:
7822:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7791:Quinkana babarra
7782:
7781:
7769:
7768:
7756:
7755:
7743:
7742:
7730:
7729:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7689:
7688:
7676:
7675:
7663:
7662:
7650:
7649:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7609:
7608:
7596:
7595:
7583:
7582:
7570:
7569:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7510:
7478:
7473:
7435:G. pachyrhynchus
7337:Siquisiquesuchus
7234:
7123:
7095:
6962:
6842:
6753:
6673:
6662:
6649:
6638:
6633:
6600:C. wannlangstoni
6593:C. venezuelensis
6435:Globidentosuchus
6398:Centenariosuchus
6368:
6229:Allognathosuchus
6213:
6204:
6095:Orientalosuchina
6003:
5999:
5952:
5941:
5928:
5723:
5709:
5651:
5624:
5615:
5608:
5607:
5563:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5524:
5517:
5516:
5506:
5497:
5488:
5487:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5421:10.5962/p.262817
5404:
5398:
5397:
5381:
5372:
5371:
5362:(3โ4): 521โ550.
5347:
5341:
5340:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5286:
5277:
5276:
5258:
5243:
5242:
5213:
5200:
5199:
5189:
5179:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5072:
5053:
5052:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5015:
5005:
4981:
4964:
4963:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4901:
4853:
4838:
4837:
4819:
4788:
4787:
4771:
4738:
4737:
4721:
4674:
4673:
4653:
4598:
4597:
4581:
4572:
4571:
4539:
4522:
4521:
4465:
4448:
4447:
4431:
4420:
4419:
4409:
4385:
4344:
4343:
4333:
4301:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4247:
4221:
3918:Quinkana meboldi
3897:
3886:
3874:Paleoenvironment
3783:Quinkana meboldi
3682:also be seen in
3549:
3542:
3519:
3494:
3374:
3350:
3326:
3276:
3269:
3201:
3177:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
2971:
2951:
2938:
2924:
2919:Quinkana meboldi
2911:
2897:
2884:
2870:
2857:
2798:
2778:
2765:
2751:
2738:
2724:
2711:
2697:
2684:
2670:
2657:
2650:
2636:
2623:
2600:
2587:
2580:
2566:
2553:
2543:
2529:
2516:
2506:
2499:
2388:
2368:
2355:
2341:
2328:
2314:
2301:
2278:
2258:
2249:
2242:
2201:
2180:
2167:
2153:
2140:
2117:
2097:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2056:
2043:
2020:
2000:
1987:
1980:
1966:
1953:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1750:and against the
1694:The position of
1688:
1677:
1658:Quinkana meboldi
1643:Quinkana meboldi
1631:Quinkana babarra
1594:Quinkana babarra
1570:Quinkana meboldi
1504:, only those of
1455:An unattributed
1441:Quinkana meboldi
1395:pterygoid fossae
1390:Quinkana meboldi
1358:incisive foramen
1345:is expressed in
1193:in proportions.
1125:Quinkana babarra
1097:Papua New Guinea
1073:Kings Creek site
1065:Quinkana babarra
1036:Quinkana meboldi
1028:Quinkana meboldi
1007:Quinkana meboldi
973:Quinkana babarra
952:antorbital shelf
931:Camfield Station
867:Quinkana babarra
863:Quinkana timara
859:Quinkana mebolid
785:Quinkana babarra
781:Quinkana mebolid
773:Quinkana babarra
763:. The holotype (
761:Paul M.A. Willis
753:Quinkana babarra
669:, who described
619:
618:
610:
609:
601:
600:
592:
591:
583:
582:
574:
573:
567:
552:pristichampsines
433:to said groups.
337:
334:Quinkana meboldi
331:
324:
321:Quinkana babarra
318:
311:
305:
294:
288:
265:
249:
242:
229:
205:Archosauriformes
192:Archosauromorpha
140:
139:
117:
107:
44:
35:Late Pleistocene
29:Temporal range:
21:
8022:
8021:
8017:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8011:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7945:
7937:
7932:
7924:
7919:
7911:
7906:
7898:
7893:
7884:
7883:
7878:
7865:
7857:
7852:
7844:
7839:
7831:
7826:
7818:
7813:
7804:
7803:
7798:
7785:
7777:
7772:
7764:
7759:
7751:
7746:
7738:
7733:
7725:
7720:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7698:Quinkana timara
7692:
7684:
7679:
7671:
7666:
7658:
7653:
7645:
7640:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7612:
7604:
7599:
7591:
7586:
7578:
7573:
7565:
7560:
7551:
7550:
7545:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7517:
7507:
7502:
7479:
7449:
7411:G. curvirostris
7388:G. bengawanicus
7371:
7366:Toyotamaphimeia
7286:Hesperogavialis
7227:
7215:
7168:
7116:
7108:
7091:
7082:
7034:Megadontosuchus
6958:
6937:
6925:C. palaeindicus
6887:
6831:
6782:
6761:Aldabrachampsus
6749:
6740:
6669:
6656:
6639:
6605:
6579:C. brevirostris
6555:
6526:
6520:Wannaganosuchus
6505:Stangerochampsa
6470:Orthogenysuchus
6413:Chinatichampsus
6353:
6289:
6283:Wannaganosuchus
6202:
6164:
6151:
6139:Orientalosuchus
6089:
6084:Stangerochampsa
5995:
5986:
5948:
5935:
5914:
5901:Prodiplocynodon
5885:Portugalosuchus
5814:
5717:
5687:
5667:
5640:
5609:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5551:
5521:
5520:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5491:
5446:(1): e1244540.
5433:
5432:
5428:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5383:
5382:
5375:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5260:
5259:
5246:
5215:
5214:
5203:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5128:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5093:10.1071/zo01053
5074:
5073:
5056:
5034:
5033:
5029:
4983:
4982:
4967:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4855:
4854:
4841:
4821:
4820:
4791:
4773:
4772:
4741:
4723:
4722:
4677:
4655:
4654:
4601:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4560:
4541:
4540:
4525:
4480:(4298): 62โ64.
4467:
4466:
4451:
4433:
4432:
4423:
4400:(19): 803โ834.
4387:
4386:
4347:
4303:
4302:
4271:
4223:
4222:
4213:
4208:
4166:Lake Eyre Basin
4117:faunal turnover
4109:
3981:Lake Eyre Basin
3975:coexisted with
3910:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3876:
3771:shoulder girdle
3696:Q. fortirostrum
3653:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3586:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3313:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3185:Kambara taraina
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2946:Quinkana timara
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2610:
2494:
2485:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2288:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2127:
2030:
1995:Kambara taraina
1906:Baru iylwenpeny
1722:Q. fortirostrum
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1635:Q. fortirostrum
1610:
1581:Quinkana timara
1533:Quinkana timara
1518:Q. fortirostrum
1477:Quinkana timara
1449:
1437:Quinkana timara
1403:Q. fortirostrum
1382:Q. fortirostrum
1331:Quinkana timara
1302:Q. fortirostrum
1278:Quinkana timara
1258:prefrontal bone
1238:Quinkana timara
1234:Q. fortirostrum
1226:Quinkana timara
1203:Q. fortirostrum
1187:Quinkana timara
1142:
990:Q. fortirostrum
956:Q. fortirostrum
933:in Australia's
914:Quinkana timara
893:Q. fortirostrum
847:
827:
713:Quinkana timara
660:South Australia
636:
635:
634:
628:
622:
621:
620:
612:
611:
603:
602:
594:
593:
585:
584:
576:
575:
540:Chillagoe caves
512:
377:Q. fortirostrum
308:Quinkana timara
274:
271:
248:
240:
227:
134:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8020:
8018:
8010:
8009:
8004:
8002:Apex predators
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7954:
7953:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7930:
7917:
7904:
7891:
7875:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7850:
7837:
7824:
7811:
7795:
7793:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7770:
7757:
7744:
7731:
7718:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7677:
7664:
7651:
7638:
7622:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7597:
7584:
7571:
7558:
7543:
7527:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7495:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7439:
7431:
7423:
7415:
7407:
7399:
7391:
7383:
7381:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7348:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7304:
7300:Maomingosuchus
7296:
7289:
7282:
7278:Harpacochampsa
7274:
7267:
7260:
7252:
7245:
7237:
7231:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7205:
7201:T. lusitanicum
7197:
7189:
7185:T. calaritanum
7180:
7178:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7158:
7150:
7143:
7135:
7126:
7120:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7098:
7092:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7073:
7066:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7020:Maomingosuchus
7016:
7012:Leptorrhamphus
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6970:Dollosuchoides
6965:
6959:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6928:
6921:
6918:C. falconensis
6914:
6907:
6899:
6897:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6885:
6878:
6870:
6862:
6854:
6845:
6839:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6821:
6814:
6807:
6800:
6792:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6772:
6768:Dzungarisuchus
6764:
6756:
6750:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6730:
6722:
6715:
6707:
6703:Australosuchus
6699:
6692:
6689:Antecrocodylus
6685:
6676:
6670:
6665:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6567:
6565:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6550:M. latrubessei
6546:
6538:
6536:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6516:
6509:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6401:
6394:
6386:
6379:
6371:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6301:
6299:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6279:
6275:Procaimanoidea
6271:
6263:
6259:Hassiacosuchus
6255:
6248:
6240:
6232:
6225:
6216:
6210:
6201:
6200:
6192:
6188:Menatalligator
6184:
6176:
6167:
6165:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6146:Protoalligator
6142:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6104:Dongnanosuchus
6099:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6080:
6076:Procaimanoidea
6072:
6065:
6057:
6054:Hassiacosuchus
6050:
6043:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6011:Albertochampsa
6006:
5996:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5955:
5949:
5946:Alligatoroidea
5944:
5937:
5936:
5933:Alligatoroidea
5931:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5908:Planocraniidae
5904:
5897:
5893:Pristichampsus
5889:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5864:Charactosuchus
5860:
5853:
5845:
5838:
5830:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5795:Trilophosuchus
5791:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5751:Harpacochampsa
5747:
5740:
5736:Australosuchus
5731:
5729:
5719:
5718:
5712:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5627:
5621:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5596:
5587:
5581:
5575:
5566:
5559:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5518:
5489:
5426:
5399:
5373:
5342:
5325:
5298:(4): 473โ486.
5278:
5271:
5244:
5201:
5148:
5133:
5127:978-0643103177
5126:
5106:
5054:
5027:
4965:
4913:
4839:
4789:
4739:
4675:
4599:
4573:
4558:
4523:
4449:
4421:
4345:
4316:(4): 370โ415.
4269:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4193:The idea that
4108:
4105:
4074:diprotodontids
4045:Macropus titan
4032:At King Creek
3954:Harpacochampsa
3942:Harpacochampsa
3902:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3110:Australosuchus
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2865:Paludirex spp.
2860:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2363:Trilophosuchus
2358:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1961:Australosuchus
1956:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1890:Trilophosuchus
1858:DNA sequencing
1829:assignment of
1822:Pristichampsus
1778:Planocraniidae
1762:Pristichampsus
1735:Pristichampsus
1700:Trilophosuchus
1693:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1609:
1606:
1448:
1445:
1166:sebecosuchians
1141:
1138:
1052:
1051:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:
977:
976:
968:
967:
918:
917:
909:
908:
891:of the genus,
884:
883:
846:
843:
826:
823:
757:Brian Mackness
701:Pristichampsus
640:Michael Archer
624:
623:
614:
613:
605:
604:
596:
595:
587:
586:
578:
577:
569:
568:
562:
561:
560:
556:sebecosuchians
511:
508:
423:sebecosuchians
366:that lived in
343:
342:
341:
340:
327:
314:
312:Megirian, 1994
301:
295:Molnar, 1981 (
281:
280:
276:
275:
272:
260:
259:
253:
252:
238:
234:
233:
225:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
31:Late Oligocene
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8019:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7940:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7896:
7892:
7887:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7860:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7816:
7812:
7807:
7801:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7780:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7762:
7758:
7754:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7687:
7682:
7678:
7674:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7643:
7639:
7634:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7607:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7563:
7559:
7554:
7548:
7544:
7539:
7533:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7511:
7499:
7498:Gryposuchinae
7496:
7494:
7490:
7489:
7486:
7477:
7472:
7445:
7444:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7424:
7421:
7420:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7392:
7390:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7339:
7338:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7330:Rhamphosuchus
7327:
7325:
7324:
7323:Piscogavialis
7320:
7318:
7317:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7308:Paratomistoma
7305:
7302:
7301:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7293:Ikanogavialis
7290:
7288:
7287:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7256:Gavialosuchus
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7242:Aktiogavialis
7239:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7211:
7210:
7209:T. taiwanicum
7206:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7171:
7164:
7163:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7154:Paratomistoma
7151:
7149:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7139:Gavialosuchus
7136:
7133:
7132:
7131:Brasilosuchus
7128:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7118:sensu stricto
7115:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7085:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7048:Paratomistoma
7045:
7043:
7042:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7027:Maroccosuchus
7024:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6998:Gunggamarandu
6995:
6993:
6992:
6991:Gavialosuchus
6988:
6986:
6985:
6984:Ferganosuchus
6981:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6967:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6952:
6934:
6933:
6929:
6927:
6926:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6874:Tzaganosuchus
6871:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6847:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6827:
6826:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6788:Osteolaeminae
6785:
6778:
6777:
6776:Oxysdonsaurus
6773:
6770:
6769:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6743:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6726:Jiangxisuchus
6723:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6696:Astorgosuchus
6693:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6681:Albertosuchus
6678:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6667:Crocodyloidea
6663:
6659:
6655:
6650:
6646:
6637:
6632:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6586:C. gasparinae
6583:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6529:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6449:Kuttanacaiman
6446:
6444:
6443:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6420:Culebrasuchus
6417:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6390:Brachychampsa
6387:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6341:A. prenasalis
6338:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6252:Chrysochampsa
6249:
6246:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6221:Akanthosuchus
6218:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6208:Alligatorinae
6205:
6198:
6197:
6196:Sajkanosuchus
6193:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6180:Lianghusuchus
6177:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6162:Alligatoridae
6158:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6125:Jiangxisuchus
6122:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6025:Brachychampsa
6022:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5929:
5925:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5849:Borealosuchus
5846:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5827:Albertosuchus
5824:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5548:
5543:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5515:(3): 101โ105.
5514:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5400:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5343:
5338:
5337:
5329:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5152:
5149:
5144:
5137:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5110:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5031:
5028:
5023:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4836:(2): 601โ606.
4835:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4559:0-253-34374-7
4555:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4078:palorchestids
4076:, kangaroos,
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4010:Gunggamarandu
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3896:
3885:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3710:komodo dragon
3707:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3650:
3643:
3642:
3634:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3616:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3537:Crocodylinae
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:Osteolaeminae
3521:
3520:
3514:Crocodylidae
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:"Baru" huberi
3328:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3072:
3071:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2665:"Baru" huberi
2659:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2517:
2511:
2510:Crocodyloidea
2508:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2273:"Baru" huberi
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2112:Pallimnarchus
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:stratigraphic
1859:
1856:, molecular (
1855:
1854:morphological
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1752:sebecosuchian
1749:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1676:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:ectopterygoid
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:planocraniids
1543:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1430:nasal passage
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1287:The skull of
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:South America
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:planocraniids
1151:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1044:Ulrich Mebold
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:
975:
974:
970:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:Camfield Beds
944:
943:type material
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:to be named,
924:
920:
919:
916:
915:
911:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:
882:
881:
877:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
824:
822:
820:
815:
810:
808:
807:
802:
801:
800:"Baru" huberi
796:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
742:
737:
733:
731:
728:found in the
727:
723:
719:
714:
710:
705:
703:
702:
697:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:Darling Downs
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
632:
627:
566:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
507:
504:
500:
495:
490:
488:
487:
482:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
436:
432:
428:
427:planocraniids
424:
420:
415:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
390:
385:
384:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
362:
358:
355:
351:
350:
336:
335:
328:
323:
322:
315:
310:
309:
302:
298:
293:
292:
285:
284:
282:
277:
270:
269:
261:
258:
254:
247:
246:
239:
236:
235:
232:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
40:25โ0.01
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
7962:Mekosuchinae
7870:
7790:
7697:
7617:
7522:
7493:Brevirostres
7443:G. papuensis
7441:
7433:
7425:
7417:
7409:
7401:
7395:G. breviceps
7393:
7386:
7376:
7364:
7357:
7350:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7316:Penghusuchus
7314:
7306:
7298:
7291:
7284:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7254:
7249:Dadagavialis
7247:
7240:
7228:
7207:
7199:
7191:
7183:
7173:
7162:Thecachampsa
7160:
7152:
7147:Melitosaurus
7145:
7137:
7129:
7117:
7114:Tomistominae
7103:Sacacosuchus
7101:
7075:
7068:
7060:
7055:Thecachampsa
7053:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7025:
7018:
7010:
7003:
6996:
6989:
6982:
6975:
6968:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6911:C. checchiai
6909:
6902:
6892:
6880:
6872:
6865:
6864:
6856:
6848:
6837:Crocodylinae
6823:
6816:
6809:
6802:
6795:
6774:
6766:
6759:
6747:Crocodylidae
6734:Mekosuchinae
6732:
6724:
6717:
6709:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6679:
6654:Longirostres
6598:
6591:
6584:
6577:
6572:C. australis
6570:
6560:
6548:
6541:
6533:Melanosuchus
6531:
6518:
6511:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6484:Paranasuchus
6482:
6477:Paranacaiman
6475:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6405:Ceratosuchus
6403:
6396:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6306:A. hailensis
6304:
6294:
6281:
6273:
6267:Navajosuchus
6265:
6257:
6250:
6244:Ceratosuchus
6242:
6234:
6227:
6219:
6194:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6082:
6074:
6069:Navajosuchus
6067:
6061:Leidyosuchus
6059:
6052:
6045:
6037:
6032:Ceratosuchus
6030:
6023:
6016:
6009:
5979:
5974:Leidyosuchus
5972:
5967:Diplocynodon
5965:
5958:
5906:
5899:
5891:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5847:
5842:Asiatosuchus
5840:
5832:
5825:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5749:
5742:
5734:
5727:Mekosuchinae
5716:crocodilians
5634:Pseudosuchia
5619:Pseudosuchia
5598:
5594:Pseudosuchia
5589:
5555:crocodilians
5512:
5508:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5393:
5389:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5335:
5328:
5295:
5291:
5262:
5222:
5218:
5167:
5161:
5151:
5142:
5136:
5116:
5109:
5084:
5080:
5043:(2): 45โ55.
5040:
5036:
5030:
4993:
4989:
4938:(1): 55โ62.
4935:
4929:
4865:
4861:
4833:
4827:
4783:
4779:
4733:
4729:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4593:
4589:
4544:
4477:
4473:
4446:(1): 61โ109.
4443:
4439:
4397:
4393:
4313:
4309:
4235:
4229:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4174:
4156:
4154:
4148:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4112:
4110:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4069:
4059:
4053:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3938:Baru darrowi
3937:
3934:
3930:Baru wickeni
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3903:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3839:Boverisuchus
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:Stephen Wroe
3813:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3799:Baru darrowi
3798:
3794:
3782:
3778:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3651:Paleobiology
3598:
3597:
3572:
3571:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3524:
3500:
3499:
3431:
3430:
3414:
3413:
3397:
3396:
3380:
3379:
3356:
3355:
3332:
3331:
3301:Baru wickeni
3299:
3298:
3284:Baru darrowi
3282:
3281:
3224:
3223:
3207:
3206:
3183:
3182:
3159:
3158:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3057:Crocodylidae
3055:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2890:
2889:
2863:
2862:
2791:
2790:
2771:
2770:
2744:
2743:
2717:
2716:
2690:
2689:
2663:
2662:
2629:
2628:
2595:Kambara spp.
2593:
2592:
2559:
2558:
2547:Mekosuchinae
2522:
2521:
2474:Longirostres
2472:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2361:
2360:
2334:
2333:
2307:
2306:
2271:
2270:
2254:
2193:
2192:
2175:Baru darrowi
2173:
2172:
2148:Baru wickeni
2146:
2145:
2110:
2109:
2090:
2089:
2049:
2048:
2013:
2012:
1993:
1992:
1959:
1958:
1947:Mekosuchinae
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1882:Mekosuchinae
1877:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1801:
1790:Mekosuchinae
1786:
1781:
1773:
1770:convergently
1765:
1761:
1755:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1726:Crocodylidae
1721:
1718:Mekosuchinae
1713:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1637:and that of
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:Boverisuchus
1190:
1186:
1181:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1081:
1076:
1064:
1056:
1053:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1006:
1005:
997:
993:
989:
985:
972:
971:
964:Gugu-Yalanji
959:
955:
938:
926:
922:
913:
912:
905:species name
892:
889:type species
879:
878:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
835:Gugu-Yalanji
828:
818:
813:
811:
804:
798:
794:Baru wickeni
792:
784:
780:
776:
772:
752:
748:
746:
740:
717:
712:
709:Mekosuchinae
706:
699:
695:
691:
686:
682:
670:
667:Ralph Molnar
664:
643:
637:
631:Quinkana sp.
630:
535:
532:nomen dubium
527:
523:
515:
513:
502:
498:
493:
491:
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
454:
451:semi-aquatic
444:
439:
438:no complete
434:
430:
418:
409:
408:
404:Gugu-Yalanji
399:
394:
393:
388:
387:
382:
381:
376:
375:
364:crocodylians
348:
347:
346:
338:Willis, 1997
333:
332:
320:
319:
307:
306:
290:
289:
273:Molnar, 1981
267:
266:
257:Type species
250:Molnar, 1981
244:
243:
231:Mekosuchinae
221:
198:
185:
123:
24:
18:
7547:Wikispecies
7419:G. leptodus
7271:Hanyusuchus
7264:Gryposuchus
7193:T. gaudense
7062:Tienosuchus
7041:Ocepesuchus
7005:Kentisuchus
6977:Dollosuchus
6956:Gavialoidea
6498:Purussaurus
6491:Protocaiman
6463:Necrosuchus
6456:Mourasuchus
6442:Gnatusuchus
6383:Bottosaurus
6348:A. thomsoni
6327:A. munensis
6320:A. mefferdi
6236:Arambourgia
6172:Balanerodus
6132:Krabisuchus
6111:Eoalligator
6039:Deinosuchus
6018:Arambourgia
5960:Deinosuchus
5834:Arenysuchus
5802:Ultrastenos
5759:Kalthifrons
5415:: 135โ157.
4868:(1): 2250.
4125:Kalthifrons
4039:Protemnodon
3977:Kalthifrons
3926:Ultrastenos
3746:morphologic
2092:Kalthifrons
1914:Kalthifrons
1808:during the
1806:Australasia
1747:Osteolaemus
1741:Paleosuchus
1712:Given that
1160:across the
1140:Description
1069:Pleistocene
1016:Riversleigh
897:Pleistocene
548:crocodylids
447:terrestrial
406:mythology.
361:mekosuchine
7956:Categories
7886:Q112758481
7806:Q112758362
7713:Q112758291
7633:Q112758227
7491:See also:
7229:sensu lato
7225:Gavialinae
7089:Gavialidae
6894:Crocodylus
6818:Rimasuchus
6811:Euthecodon
6797:Brochuchus
6543:M. fisheri
6376:Acresuchus
6363:Caimaninae
6313:A. mcgrewi
5993:Globidonta
5773:Mekosuchus
5682:see belowโ
5673:Crocodilia
5585:Sauropsida
5396:: 195โ217.
5390:The Beagle
4931:Alcheringa
4786:: 423โ438.
4736:: 143โ151.
4672:: 145โ166.
4666:The Beagle
4238:: e12094.
4206:References
4175:Crocodylus
4136:affecting
4107:Extinction
4090:Thylacoleo
4061:Troposodon
4055:Diprotodon
4048:and other
4027:Crocodylus
3997:Thylacoleo
3989:Crocodylus
3985:Q. babarra
3958:billabongs
3822:ecological
3814:Thylacoleo
3600:Crocodylus
3125:Crocodylus
2336:Mekosuchus
1918:Mekosuchus
1886:Mekosuchus
1870:Crocodylia
1850:tip dating
1566:Q. meboldi
1562:Q. babarra
1558:Messel Pit
1526:Q. babarra
1481:Q. meboldi
1411:Q. meboldi
1399:Q. babarra
1351:Q. meboldi
1347:Q. babarra
1298:Q. babarra
1274:jugal bone
1222:premaxilla
1199:Q. babarra
1195:Q. meboldi
1174:Cretaceous
986:Q. babarra
901:Queensland
486:Thylacoleo
459:habitation
395:Q. meboldi
389:Q. babarra
372:Queensland
215:Crocodilia
7427:G. lewisi
7403:G. browni
7175:Tomistoma
6513:Tsoabichi
6334:A. olseni
6296:Alligator
5780:Paludirex
5661:Neosuchia
5646:Neosuchia
5571:Kingdom:
5484:133338958
5468:0272-4634
5320:129195186
5101:0004-959X
4996:: e3501.
4890:2041-1723
4502:0036-8075
4416:0067-1975
4340:258878554
4121:Paludirex
4050:kangaroos
4023:Paludirex
3993:Paludirex
3962:Quinkana'
3848:taphonomy
3818:taxonomic
3692:Q. timara
3690:species,
2892:Baru spp.
1922:Paludirex
1898:Paludirex
1874:cladogram
1818:phylogeny
1814:Q. timara
1730:Eusuchian
1665:Phylogeny
1656:species.
1639:Q. timara
1542:Q. timara
1522:Q. timara
1496:ziphodont
1447:Dentition
1407:Q. timara
1386:Q. timara
1362:palatines
1262:Quinkana'
1230:Q. timara
1172:from the
1158:Paleogene
1120:Allingham
1020:Oligocene
994:Q. timara
939:Q. timara
927:Q. timara
857:species.
825:Etymology
791:, namely
726:limestone
718:Q. timara
648:Megalania
503:Quinkana'
414:ziphodont
383:Q. timara
368:Australia
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
124:Q. timara
7900:42335013
7880:Wikidata
7820:42335012
7800:Wikidata
7753:10680555
7727:24157140
7707:Wikidata
7673:10898344
7647:61147003
7627:Wikidata
7567:10581005
7553:Quinkana
7538:Q1934473
7532:Wikidata
7523:Quinkana
7378:Gavialis
6866:Quinkana
6427:Eocaiman
6047:Eocaiman
5787:Quinkana
5603:Eusuchia
5579:Chordata
5577:Phylum:
5573:Animalia
5553:Extinct
5476:44866024
5196:30051855
5170:(1881).
5087:(1): 1.
5022:28674657
4960:84759144
4908:32418985
4660:Quinkana
4596:: 27โ33.
4568:52775128
4518:41255154
4510:17828894
4264:34567843
4200:Quinkana
4195:Quinkana
4188:Quinkana
4184:Quinkana
4157:Quinkana
4149:Quinkana
4138:Quinkana
4133:Quinkana
4101:Quinkana
4097:Quinkana
4084:and the
4070:Quinkana
4034:Quinkana
4005:Quinkana
3973:Quinkana
3946:Quinkana
3914:Quinkana
3904:Quinkana
3868:Quinkana
3860:Quinkana
3855:Quinkana
3835:Quinkana
3831:Quinkana
3810:Quinkana
3803:Quinkana
3779:Quinkana
3751:Quinkana
3742:Quinkana
3734:Quinkana
3722:Quinkana
3714:Quinkana
3706:Quinkana
3701:Quinkana
3688:Quinkana
3686:. Among
3684:Quinkana
3679:Quinkana
3675:Quinkana
3667:Quinkana
3657:Quinkana
3557:Quinkana
3114:Quinkana
3105:Quinkana
2383:Quinkana
1912:between
1910:Quinkana
1894:Quinkana
1878:Quinkana
1846:Quinkana
1842:Quinkana
1835:Quinkana
1831:Quinkana
1826:Quinkana
1810:Cenozoic
1802:Quinkana
1782:Quinkana
1774:Quinkana
1714:Quinkana
1696:Quinkana
1654:Quinkana
1626:Quinkana
1598:Quinkana
1510:Quinkana
1506:Quinkana
1492:Quinkana
1488:Quinkana
1457:Quinkana
1422:Quinkana
1418:Quinkana
1378:Quinkana
1343:Quinkana
1339:Quinkana
1335:Quinkana
1318:Quinkana
1310:Quinkana
1293:Quinkana
1289:Quinkana
1266:Quinkana
1254:lacrimal
1246:Quinkana
1242:Quinkana
1218:Quinkana
1214:Quinkana
1164:and the
1145:Quinkana
1134:Quinkana
1109:Quinkana
1105:Quinkana
1101:Quinkana
1061:Yarraden
1057:Quinkana
1040:Quinkana
1024:Quinkana
923:Quinkana
869:(c) and
855:Quinkana
831:Quinkans
819:Quinkana
814:Quinkana
777:Quinkana
749:Quinkana
741:Quinkana
696:Quinkana
692:Quinkana
683:Quinkana
679:ontogeny
671:Quinkana
644:Quinkana
536:Quinkana
524:Quinkana
516:Quinkana
499:Quinkana
494:Quinkana
481:Quinkana
476:Quinkana
472:Quinkana
468:Quinkana
464:Quinkana
455:Quinkana
440:Quinkana
435:Quinkana
431:Quinkana
410:Quinkana
400:Quinkana
349:Quinkana
279:Species
245:Quinkana
179:Reptilia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
25:Quinkana
7926:6150068
7913:8439650
7846:6150067
7833:8637839
7766:4132165
7740:4822171
7660:4822172
7593:1017983
7580:4822170
6858:Kinyang
6825:Kinyang
5766:Kambara
5583:Class:
5448:Bibcode
5300:Bibcode
5227:Bibcode
5187:6030529
5013:5494174
4940:Bibcode
4899:7231803
4870:Bibcode
4482:Bibcode
4474:Science
4318:Bibcode
4255:8428266
4082:wombats
4013:, both
3979:in the
3948:, with
3795:Kambara
3791:ischium
3766:Kambara
3761:Kambara
3756:Kambara
2198:Alcoota
1880:within
1860:), and
1766:Sebecus
1757:Sebecus
1732:genera
1178:Miocene
1176:to the
1085:Alcoota
954:โ than
845:Species
354:extinct
237:Genus:
211:Order:
175:Class:
7939:266022
7859:265695
7779:287376
7686:383305
6562:Caiman
5819:Others
5482:
5474:
5466:
5318:
5269:
5194:
5184:
5124:
5099:
5020:
5010:
4958:
4906:
4896:
4888:
4566:
4556:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4414:
4338:
4262:
4252:
4180:humans
3718:et al.
1866:fossil
1798:Willis
1794:Molnar
1754:genus
1744:, and
1459:tooth.
1129:et al.
998:babarr
960:timara
352:is an
7748:IRMNG
7668:IRMNG
7606:38457
7588:IRMNG
5809:Volia
5714:Basal
5599:Clade
5590:Clade
5505:(PDF)
5480:S2CID
5472:JSTOR
5316:S2CID
5225:(5).
4990:PeerJ
4956:S2CID
4514:S2CID
4336:S2CID
4231:PeerJ
4162:Sahul
3787:ilium
2309:Volia
1575:Both
1210:nares
1118:near
865:(b),
861:(a),
357:genus
222:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
7908:GBIF
7828:GBIF
7735:GBIF
7655:GBIF
7575:GBIF
6882:Voay
5744:Baru
5659:see
5632:see
5464:ISSN
5267:ISBN
5192:PMID
5122:ISBN
5097:ISSN
5018:PMID
4904:PMID
4886:ISSN
4564:OCLC
4554:ISBN
4506:PMID
4498:ISSN
4412:ISSN
4260:PMID
4129:Baru
4123:and
4113:Baru
4058:and
4017:and
3966:Baru
3950:Baru
3789:and
3775:hips
3773:and
2195:Baru
1926:Baru
1924:and
1902:Baru
1900:and
1888:and
1824:and
1704:Baru
1608:Size
1579:and
1520:and
1501:Baru
1475:and
1409:and
1384:and
1364:and
1349:and
1256:and
1252:The
1208:The
992:and
887:The
803:and
759:and
554:and
425:and
392:and
297:type
48:Pre๊
7895:EoL
7815:EoL
7722:EoL
7642:EoL
7562:EoL
5513:123
5456:doi
5417:doi
5364:doi
5360:103
5308:doi
5235:doi
5182:PMC
5172:doi
5168:285
5089:doi
5045:doi
5008:PMC
4998:doi
4948:doi
4894:PMC
4878:doi
4734:116
4490:doi
4478:197
4402:doi
4326:doi
4250:PMC
4240:doi
4140:.
4086:emu
3968:.
1820:of
1212:of
1095:of
722:NTM
658:in
457:โs
449:or
359:of
7958::
7936::
7923::
7910::
7897::
7882::
7856::
7843::
7830::
7817::
7802::
7776::
7763::
7750::
7737::
7724::
7709::
7683::
7670::
7657::
7644::
7629::
7603::
7590::
7577::
7564::
7549::
7534::
5601::
5592::
5511:.
5507:.
5492:^
5478:.
5470:.
5462:.
5454:.
5444:37
5442:.
5438:.
5411:.
5392:.
5388:.
5376:^
5358:.
5354:.
5314:.
5306:.
5296:36
5294:.
5281:^
5247:^
5233:.
5221:.
5204:^
5190:.
5180:.
5166:.
5160:.
5095:.
5085:50
5083:.
5079:.
5057:^
5041:25
5039:.
5016:.
5006:.
4992:.
4988:.
4968:^
4954:.
4946:.
4936:24
4934:.
4928:.
4916:^
4902:.
4892:.
4884:.
4876:.
4866:11
4864:.
4860:.
4842:^
4834:52
4832:.
4826:.
4792:^
4784:41
4782:.
4778:.
4742:^
4732:.
4728:.
4678:^
4670:11
4668:.
4664:.
4602:^
4592:.
4588:.
4576:^
4562:.
4548:.
4526:^
4512:.
4504:.
4496:.
4488:.
4476:.
4472:.
4452:^
4444:19
4442:.
4438:.
4424:^
4410:.
4398:33
4396:.
4392:.
4348:^
4334:.
4324:.
4314:47
4312:.
4308:.
4272:^
4258:.
4248:.
4234:.
4228:.
4214:^
4080:,
4052:,
4042:,
4029:.
1928:.
1920:,
1796:,
1738:,
1560:.
1413:.
1205:.
1034:,
841:.
809:.
797:,
765:QM
751:,
704:.
558:.
224::
201::
188::
98:Pg
42:Ma
37:,
33:-
7446:?
7438:?
7430:?
7422:?
7414:?
7406:?
7398:?
7347:?
7311:?
7303:?
7281:?
7259:?
7212:?
7204:?
7196:?
7188:?
7165:?
7157:?
7142:?
7134:?
7065:?
7015:?
6877:?
6869:?
6861:?
6853:?
6828:?
6779:?
6771:?
6737:?
6729:?
6714:?
6706:?
6684:?
6523:?
6508:?
6430:?
6408:?
6393:?
6286:?
6278:?
6270:?
6262:?
6247:?
6239:?
6224:?
6199:?
6191:?
6183:?
6175:?
6079:?
6064:?
6042:?
5911:?
5896:?
5888:?
5852:?
5837:?
5790:?
5754:?
5739:?
5546:e
5539:t
5532:v
5486:.
5458::
5450::
5423:.
5419::
5413:8
5394:9
5370:.
5366::
5322:.
5310::
5302::
5275:.
5241:.
5237::
5229::
5223:9
5198:.
5174::
5130:.
5103:.
5091::
5051:.
5047::
5024:.
5000::
4994:5
4962:.
4950::
4942::
4910:.
4880::
4872::
4594:3
4570:.
4520:.
4492::
4484::
4418:.
4404::
4342:.
4328::
4320::
4266:.
4242::
4236:9
3820:-
3736:.
2970:โ
2950:โ
2923:โ
2896:โ
2869:โ
2797:โ
2777:โ
2750:โ
2723:โ
2696:โ
2669:โ
2635:โ
2599:โ
2565:โ
2528:โ
2387:โ
2367:โ
2340:โ
2313:โ
2277:โ
2257:โ
2200:โ
2179:โ
2152:โ
2116:โ
2096:โ
2055:โ
2019:โ
1999:โ
1965:โ
1864:(
1706:.
1050:.
966:.
743:.
720:(
330:โ
317:โ
304:โ
299:)
287:โ
264:โ
241:โ
228:โ
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:๊
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