223:
653:
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1079:, jazz, the "forbidden music", served Polish youth of the 1950s much as it had served its African-American creators, both as personal diversion and subterranean resistance to what they saw as a stultifying official culture. Some clubs featured live jazz performances, and their smoky, sexually charged atmosphere carried a message for which the Puritanical values and monumental art of Marxist officialdom were an ideal foil. Arriving in Poland via France, America, and England, Polish coolness stimulated the film talents of a generation of artists, including
1136:
motivations. However, this theory proposes that the level of autonomy that leads to coolness is constrained. An inappropriate level of autonomy that opposes a legitimate norm does not lead to perceptions of coolness. The level of autonomy considered appropriate is influenced by different variables for each individual. For example, people who think that societal institutions and authority are unjust or repressive equate coolness with higher levels of autonomy than those who are less critical of social norms and authority.
83:
582:
599:. They also contend that it furnishes the black male with a sense of control, strength, confidence and stability and helps him deal with the closed doors and negative messages of the "generalized other". They also believe that attaining black manhood is filled with pitfalls of discrimination, negative self-image, guilt, shame, and fear.
456:, to be different from that held by Europeans, who use the term primarily as the ability to remain calm under stress. According to Thompson, there is significant weight, meaning, and spirituality attached to coolness in traditional African cultures, something which Thompson argues is absent from coolness in the Western context:
421:, contained meanings of conciliation and gentleness of character, generosity, grace, and the ability to defuse fights and disputes. It was also associated with physical beauty. In Yoruba culture, Itutu is connected to water. This also gives it a connotation related to temperature. Thompson also cites a definition of
824:
Analysts are marveling at the breadth of a recent explosion in cultural exports, and many argue that the international embrace of Japan's pop culture, film, food, style and arts is second only to that of the United States. Business leaders and government officials are now referring to Japan's 'gross
1261:
to
African Americans in the 1960s. In 2004, over 70% of African American smokers preferred menthol cigarettes compared to 30% of white smokers. This unique social phenomenon was principally occasioned by the tobacco industry's manipulation of the burgeoning segregated urban black consumer market in
1235:
Over the past decade, young black men in
American inner cities have been the market most aggressively mined by brandmasters as a source of borrowed 'meaning' and identity. .. The truth is that the 'got to be cool' rhetoric of the global brands is, more often than not, an indirect way of saying
619:
criticizes calls for assimilation and sublimation of black culture, including the "cool pose". He argues that media and academics have unfairly demonized these aspects of black culture. At the same time, through their sustained fascination with blacks as "exotic" others, appropriated aspects of the
262:
because of its prominent deviation from the standard uniformity and mass production of clothing created by the "totalitarian" system of fashion. Hippie-inspired fashion included various styles featuring bold colors, such as the "Trippy Hippie," the "Fantasy Hippie," the "Retro Hippie", the "Ethnic
1249:
According to the theory of using coolness as a marketing device, cool can be exploited as a manufactured and empty idea imposed on cultures at large through a top-down process by sellers of popular culture who capitalize on trends and subcultures most often created by youths. These include record
521:
sense, equilibrium, self-possession, and an absence of conflict are commonly understood in
African-American contexts well. Expressions such as "Don't blow your cool", or later, "chill out", and the use of "chill" as a general characterization of inner contentment or restful repose, all have their
171:
is also used for describing a general state of calmness and well-being, or similarly, a transcendent, internal state of peace and serenity. It can also refer to an absence of conflict, a state of harmony and balance, as in "the land is cool," or as in a "cool heart." Such meanings, according to
1135:
According to this theory, coolness is a subjective, dynamic, socially-constructed trait, such that it is subjective. People perceive things (e.g., other people, products or brands) to be cool based on an inference of "autonomy". That is, something is perceived to be cool when it follows its own
530:
When the air in the smoke-filled nightclubs of that era became unbreathable, windows and doors were opened to allow some 'cool air' in from the outside to help clear away the suffocating air. By analogy, the slow and smooth jazz style that was typical for that late-night scene came to be called
1058:
self-absorption, and expressing a desire to escape all ideological causes. From the late 1940s onward, this popular culture influenced young people all over the world, to the dismay of the ruling paternalistic elites. The French intelligentsia were outraged, while the
British educated classes
97:
There is no objective expression of coolness, as it varies wildly within cultures, ideologies, interests, and individuals. One consistent aspect, however, is that being cool is widely seen as desirable. Although there is no single concept nor objective manifestation or expression of coolness,
330:
is an especially ubiquitous slang word, most notably among young people. As well as being understood throughout the
English-speaking world, the word has even entered the vocabulary of several languages outside English, and several languages have their own words for the concept.
595:, though an amorphous qualityâmore mystique than materialâis a pervasive element in urban black male culture. Majors and Billson address what they term the "cool pose" in their study and argue that it helps black men counter stress caused by social oppression, rejection and
309:
style of the 1990s and 21st century allowed people who felt financially insecure about their lifestyle to pretend to "fit in" by wearing a unique piece of clothing, but one that was polished. For example, unlike the hippie style that clearly diverges from the norm, through
847:, architecture to fashion, and food to art, Japan has far greater cultural influence now than it did in the 1980s, when it was an economic superpower." The notion of Asian "cool" applied to Asian consumer electronics is borrowed from the cultural media theorist
371:
1330:, the "Monks of Cool" are mentioned. In their passing-out test, a novice must select the "coolest" garment from a room full of clothes. The correct answer is "Hey, whatever I select", suggesting that cool is primarily an attitude of self-assurance.
460:
The telling point is that the "mask" of coolness is worn not only in time of stress, but also of pleasure, in fields of expressive performance and the dance. Struck by the re-occurrence of this vital notion elsewhere in tropical Africa and in the
433:, who define it as the ability to be mentally calm or detached, in an otherworldly fashion, from one's circumstances, to be nonchalant in situations where emotionalism or eagerness would be natural and expected. Joseph M. Murphy writes that
1887:
907:
of the Mona Lisa is seen in both her smile and the positioning of her hands. Both the smile and hands are intended to convey her grandeur, self-confidence, and societal position. Literally translating to "disdain and detachment",
606:. In a 2004 study, researchers found that teachers perceived students with African-American culture-related movement styles, referred to as the "cool pose", as lower in achievement, higher in aggression, and more likely to need
987:, both a committed Communist and a philandering cynic, stands as the archetype of this inter-war cool. Brecht projected his cool attitude to life onto his most famous character Macheath or "Mackie Messer" (Mack the knife) in
851:, who described "cool" or "cold" media as stimulating participants to complete auditive or visual media content, in sharp contrast to "hot" media that degrades the viewer to a merely passive or non-interactive receiver.
787:
describes Asian coolness as "a revolution in taste led by style gurus who are redefining
Chinese craftsmanship in everything from architecture and film to clothing and cuisine" and as a modern aesthetic inspired both by
634:, embodies essential elements of coolness. As an icon, Malcolm X inspires a complex mixture of both fear and fascination in broader American culture, much like the "cool pose" itself. Bongani Madando considers film icon
550:
is the silent and knowing rejection of racist oppression, a self-dignified expression of masculinity developed by black men that were denied mainstream expressions of manhood. She writes that mainstream perception of
1254:", resulting in the selling of coolness. This drives many young people and adults to attempt to "fit into" the mainstream and adhere to trends in order to purchase products and/or brands that make them appear cool.
468:, I have come to term the attitude "an aesthetic of the cool" in the sense of a deeply and completely motivated, consciously artistic, interweaving of elements serious and pleasurable, of responsibility and play.
610:
services than students with standard movement styles, irrespective of race or other academic indicators. The issue of stereotyping and discrimination with respect to the "cool pose" raises complex questions of
1825:
Margaret Lee, "Out of the Hood and into the News: Borrowed Black Verbal
Expressions in a Mainstream Newspaper" (conference paper, University of Georgia, October 1998); cited in Rickford and Rickford,
318:, a little grunge and a little couture", he produces not only a bold statement, but one that is mysterious and awkward, creating an ambiguous perception of what the wearer's internal feelings are.
279:. As a result of their disengagement with the establishment, the scope of self-critique was limited because their "mask" filtered negative thoughts of worthlessness, fostering the opportunity for
1333:"Coolness is a subjective and dynamic, socially constructed positive trait attributed to cultural objects (people, brands, products, trends, etc.) inferred to appropriately autonomous."
912:
is the art of refraining from the appearance of trying to present oneself in a particular way. In reality, of course, tremendous exertion went into pretending not to bother or care.
1042:
The Second World War brought the populations of
Britain, Germany, and France into intimate contact with Americans and their culture. WWII also brought hundreds of thousands of
242:
has transformed from the 1960s to the 1990s by becoming integrated in the dominant fabric of fashion culture. America's mass production of "ready-to-wear" fashion in the
2056:
302:
became the dominant ideology in the 21st century, its definition changed to not one of rebellion but of one attempting to hide their insecurities in a confident manner.
1071:
What it meant to be "cool" resonated behind the Iron
Curtain, where it offered relief from the earnestness of socialist propaganda and socialist realism in art. In the
210:
firms, and has even been used as a shield against racial oppression or political persecution, seen by many as a source of constant cultural information. To many, being
770:
Profiting by their panic, we shall exterminate them completely; this will cool the King's courage and cover us with glory, besides ensuring the success of our mission.
2237:
294:
entered the mainstream as the hippie rebels of the late 1960s became the senior executives of business sectors, such as the fashion industry. Since they grew up with
1272:
cool"âpaying other "smaller, more-limber, closer-to-the-ground outsider" companies to help them keep up with customers' rapidly changing tastes and demands.
961:
The key themes of modern
European coolness were forged by avant-garde artists who achieved prominence in the aftermath of the First World War, most notably
222:
603:
705:
are among the most praised of the genre, influencing many filmmakers across the world with his techniques and storytelling. Notable works of his include
652:
254:
felt repressed by the dominating conservative and conformist ideology of the 1940s and 1950s and rebelled. According to Dick Pountain's definition of
178:
can similarly be used to describe composure and an absence of excitement or agitation in a person, especially in times of stress (as expressed in the
2107:
54:, behavior, comportment, appearance, and style that is generally admired. Because of the varied and changing interpretation of what is considered
1753:
573:), is enacted at times in order to create a powerful appearance, a type of performance frequently maintained for the sake of a social audience.
569:
Among black men in America, coolness, which may have its roots in slavery as an ironic submission and concealed subversion (as in an article by
607:
2437:
1810:
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and accommodation of different cultural values. Jason W. Osborne identifies the "cool pose" as one of the factors in black underachievement.
1088:
944:
is used to mask emotions. A similar "mask" of coolness is worn in both times of stress and pleasure in American and African communities.
887:, has existed in Europe for centuries, particularly when relating to frank amorality or illicit pleasures behind closed doors; Raphael's
2191:
478:
2400:
2160:
889:
839:, and with military power made impossible by a pacifist constitution, the nation had quietly emerged as a cultural powerhouse: "From
452:
in shared notions of self-control and imperturbability. However, he finds the cultural value of cool in Africa, which influenced the
58:, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning. For most, coolness is associated with exemplifying composure and
1681:
1500:
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and maintained the same values, they knew its rules and thus knew how to accurately market and produce such clothing. However, once
690:, samurai from the countryside were often depicted as the target of ridicule by the average commoner in the civilized Edo period.
864:
535:
He continued, "The goal was always the same: to lower the temperature of the music and bring out different qualities in jazz."
2652:
2378:
1997:
Jason W. Osborne, "Unraveling Underachievement among African American Boys from an Identification with Academics Perspective",
2060:
2081:
701:
and warrior castes in India and East Asia all resemble what it means to be "cool". The samurai-themed works of film director
405:, which he translates as "mystic coolness", is one of three pillars of a religious philosophy created in the 15th century by
2207:
998:
During the turbulent inter-war years, coolness was a privilege reserved for bohemian milieus like Brecht's. Cool irony and
555:
is narrow and distorted, with coolness often perceived merely as style or arrogance rather than a way to achieve respect.
2138:
1652:
1420:
Warren & Campbell, "What Makes Things Cool? How Autonomy Influences Perceived Coolness". Article by Caleb Warren and
2453:
921:
2234:
2632:
2622:
2542:
1459:
995:, personifies the bitter-sweet strain of cool; Puritanism and sentimentality are both anathema to the cool character.
931:
he wrote "O gentle son, upon the heat and flame of thy distemper, sprinkle cool patience", and the antagonist Iago in
2031:
774:
Asian countries have developed a tradition on their own to explore types of modern "cool" or "ambiguous" aesthetics.
250:
established specific conventional outfits as markers of one's unchanging social role in society. Subcultures such as
172:
Thompson, are African in origin. Cool is related in this sense to both social control and transcendental balance.
1400:
264:
1250:
company executives, fashion companies, and merchandisers. Furthermore, "cool has become the central ideology of
2647:
2600:
2356:
1322:
563:
145:, political dissidents, etc.âfor whom open rebellion invited punishment, so they hid defiance behind a wall of
66:
or approval, and can be used when referencing both people and items of interest. Although commonly regarded as
1118:, which was part of the dissident underground called itself the "Jazz Section", following the crushing of the
925:, written around 1595 or 1596, he contrasts the shaping fantasies of lovers and madmen with "cool reason", in
2466:
1970:"Exploring the turn-around Phenomenon Experienced by African American Urban Male Adolescents in High School"
1027:
570:
152:
In general, coolness is a trait based on the inference that a cultural object (e.g., a person or brand) is
2555:
1527:
1216:
390:
2373:
1015:
949:
623:
612:
51:
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1046:, whose relaxed, easy-going manner was seen by young people of the time as embodying liberation. To be
829:
The term "gross national cool" was coined by journalist Douglas McGray. In a June/July 2002 article in
149:
detachment, distancing that defiance from the source of authority rather than directly confronting it.
1757:
977:. The goal of such groups was often self-consciously revolutionary, a determination to scandalize the
1984:
Journal article by Scott T. Bridgest, Audrey Davis Mccray, La Vonne I. Neal, Gwendolyn Webb-Johnson;
1421:
1212:
1011:
988:
844:
343:
214:
has become a global phenomenon. Concepts of coolness have existed for centuries in several cultures.
123:
2594:
1917:
1251:
916:
816:
719:
426:
202:
may refer to an attitude widely adopted by artists and intellectuals, who aided its insertion into
1853:
1692:
2447:
1548:
820:'s Anthony Faiola called Tokyo "Japan's Empire of Cool" and Japan "the coolest nation on Earth":
107:
31:
1969:
182:
1293:"Cool is an age-specific phenomenon, defined as the central behavioural trait of teenagerhood."
2433:
1806:
1677:
1496:
1463:
1344:
1296:"Coolness is the proper way you represent yourself to a human being." â Robert Farris Thompson
1258:
1242:
1163:
1158:
is created out of a need for status and distinction. This creates a situation analogous to an
1019:
872:
559:
207:
127:
2188:
2168:
2252:
2002:
1798:
1540:
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is musing about "reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts."
669:
505:, helped popularize notions of cool in the U.S. in the 1940s, giving birth to "Bohemian" or
482:
465:
453:
953:, coolness is used as a criticism: "Upon my word, Gowing's coolness surpasses all belief."
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of the series). Samurai have been presented as cool in many modern Japanese movies such as
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2241:
2195:
1699:
1327:
1282:
974:
739:
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398:
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modulations that are acquired and take on strategic social value within certain contexts.
2315:
Herbert Gold, Bohemia: Digging the Roots of Cool, Touchstone Books; Reprint edition 1994
1957:
513:
appeared on the music scene, emphasizing a restrained, laid-back solo style. Notions of
190:
The word can also express agreement or consent, as in the phrase, "I'm cool with that."
2580:
2547:
2339:
2253:
Sample text for Becoming Mona Lisa : the making of a global icon / Donald Sassoon.
1492:
1485:
1379:
1359:
1306:
1288:
1184:
1150:
1115:
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1084:
984:
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831:
758:
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635:
489:. The definition, meaning "something fashionable", is said to have been popularized in
394:
374:
306:
74:
is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.
1982:
The Effects of African American Movement Styles on Teachers' Perceptions and Reactions
2641:
2586:
1301:
1148:
exists only in comparison with things considered less cool. For example, in the book
1119:
1080:
1023:
966:
919:
used "cool" in several of his works to describe composure and absence of emotion. In
803:
707:
406:
119:
1076:
286:
Starting in the 1990s and continuing into the 21st century, the concept of dressing
2572:
1886:. New York: Crown Publishers. Book profile, Education Resources Information Center
1264:
1007:
848:
836:
789:
784:
724:
616:
498:
494:
59:
2085:
370:
2426:
1902:
Klein (2000), pp. 73â4. The Christian Lacroix quote is from "Off the Street...",
1802:
1790:
2211:
1777:
1349:
1269:
1059:
displayed a haughty indifference that displayed traces of an older aristocratic
1006:
artistes, ostentatious gangsters, and rich socialites. The luxuries depicted in
992:
978:
884:
876:
631:
602:
The "cool pose" may be a factor in discrimination in education, contributing to
410:
311:
280:
272:
157:
131:
835:
magazine, he argued that as Japan's economic juggernaut took a wrong turn into
82:
2608:
1656:
1374:
1227:
1182:, like "good", is a property that exists but can only be sought after. In the
1055:
795:
682:
Japan. Some tend to immediately connect the aesthetic of coolness in Japan to
679:
678:, referring to traditional aesthetic ideals among commoners that developed in
657:
647:
63:
47:
290:
left the minority and entered the mainstream, making it a dominant ideology.
2561:
2112:
1536:
1364:
1159:
895:
868:
779:
745:
729:
686:, but this is historically inaccurate. In fact, in many art forms including
627:
585:
510:
1144:
According to this theory, coolness is a relative concept. In other words,
991:. Mackie, the nonchalant, smooth-talking gangster who is an expert with a
733:(which also borrows a number of aspects from the samurai, for example the
326:
While slang terms are usually short-lived coinages and figures of speech,
1111:
999:
825:
national cool' as a new engine for economic growth and societal buoyancy.
762:, a Chinese military treatise written during the 6th century BC, general
462:
227:
153:
138:
111:
17:
1552:
1522:
1003:
933:
763:
713:
683:
506:
430:
382:
339:
766:, a member of the landless Chinese aristocracy, wrote in Chapter XII:
581:
522:
origins in African-American Vernacular English. As Ted Gioia wrote in
275:
by allowing hippies to reject that lifestyle, which in turn made them
2019:
Yo' Mama's Disfunktional!: Fighting the Culture Wars in Urban America
1314:
1103:
1072:
1054:
meant "hanging out", pursuing sexual liaisons, displaying a level of
941:
927:
807:
798:, professor of Human Geography at the University of Leeds, considers
687:
596:
477:
Ronald Perry writes that many words and expressions have passed from
315:
251:
115:
2353:
2006:
1544:
1196:"The act of discovering what's cool is what causes cool to move on".
1728:Ãsun Across the Waters: A Yoruba Goddess in Africa and the Americas
98:
coolness as a trait can be considered from a few different angles.
27:
Attitude, behavior, appearance, or style which is generally admired
1354:
863:
840:
811:
799:
698:
694:
651:
580:
502:
438:
402:
369:
247:
243:
221:
179:
146:
67:
30:"Coolness" redirects here. For the reciprocal of temperature, see
2473:". SimonSays.com, Simon & Schuster. Retrieved on 02-27-2007.
1043:
962:
734:
562:
has said that "the history of cool in America is the history of
490:
448:
Thompson acknowledges similarities between African and European
110:
confidence in overall behavior, which entails a set of specific
2591:
American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style
2539:
The Laws of Cool: Knowledge Work and the Culture of Information
2304:
American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style
981:
by mocking their culture, sexuality, and political moderation.
2032:"Sidney Poitier: Stone cold when 'cool' was not even a factor"
1369:
1281:"If status is about standing, cool is about standing free." â
518:
378:
342:
or interjection, which can have a range of related adjectival
362:
changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.
271:
all on its own. Handmade clothing passively rebelled against
62:. When used in conversation, it is often as an expression of
2552:
Birth of the Cool: Beat, Bebop, and the American Avant-Garde
2139:"GLOCOM Platform â Books & Journals â Journal Abstracts"
1958:
Cool Politics: Styles of Honour in Malcolm X and Miles Davis
267:, the hand production of hippie fashion made their clothing
263:
Hippie", and the "Craft Hippie". Additionally, according to
206:. This concept was idealized by teenagers, became sought by
2401:"What's in a Word? Telling Your Story with the Right Voice"
1439:
Chasing Cool: Standing out in Today's Cluttered Marketplace
501:
jazz scene in the U.S., as well as expatriate musicians in
1257:
The concept of cool was often used in this way to market
1202:" can only be observed by those who are themselves cool".
542:
and the post-war African-American experience in her book
156:; that is, the person or brand is not constrained by the
2108:"The Next Cultural Revolution | The Birth of Cool"
1034:
outlook had been sown among this inter-war generation.
2306:(History of Emotion), New York University Press, 1994.
1898:
1896:
1861:
660:
considers Tokyo one of the world's "capitals of cool".
485:
slang, including the contemporary meaning of the word
792:-era minimalism and a strenuous attention to detail.
723:, the last being one of the primary inspirations for
544:
What is Cool?: Understanding Black Manhood in America
1884:
What Is Cool? Understanding Black Manhood in America
509:
culture. Shortly thereafter, a style of jazz called
2235:
The High Museum Campaign reaches $ 130 Million Goal
814:, to be one of the world's "capitals of cool", and
2425:
1940:Cool Pose: The Dilemma of Black Manhood in America
1484:
1313:with a sense of exclusivity: "'Secrets,' said the
230:man sporting sunglasses, which fit the concept of
2280:, The Harvard Classics, 1909â14. Act III Scene IV
137:Cool was once an attitude fostered by rebels and
1953:
1951:
1949:
1791:"Music of the African Diaspora in the Americas"
1617:
1615:
1613:
1233:
1220:
314:' combined "fashion-grunge" style of "a little
90:, adapted from Dick Pountain and David Robins,
1569:Coolhunting With Aristotle Welcome to the Hunt
620:"cool pose" into the broader popular culture.
2001:, Vol. 68, No. 4 (Autumn 1999), pp. 555â565.
1268:magazine, some large companies have started "
1199:"Cool cannot be manufactured, only observed".
8:
1840:Cool â The Signs and Meanings of Adolescence
1456:Cool â The Signs and Meanings of Adolescence
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
258:, hippies' fashionable dress can be seen as
2484:Cool: The Signs and Meanings of Adolescence
1842:, University of Toronto Press, 1994, p. 37.
1597:
1516:
1514:
1512:
114:characteristics that is firmly anchored in
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1564:
1562:
437:is also closely associated with the deity
1726:Murphy, Joseph, M. and Sanford, Mei-Mei.
1317:beside her, 'are the very root of cool.'"
693:Some argue that the ethic of the samurai
2619:Race, Gender, and the Meaning of Hip-Hop
2082:"Apollo Movie Guide's Review of Yojimbo"
1676:Flash of the Spirit, Random House 1984,
1287:"Cool is a knowledge, a way of life." â
638:as one who embodies coolness on-screen.
354:One of the essential characteristics of
81:
2499:. New York: Vintage Books, 1983, p. 13.
2278:The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark
2230:
2228:
1521:Thompson, Robert Farris (Autumn 1973).
1483:Pountain, Dick; Robbins, David (2000).
1437:Kerner, Noah and Gene Pressman (2007),
1391:
1222:a heavily manipulative corporate ethos.
377:bronze head sculpture from the city of
106:The sum and substance of coolness is a
2629:The Origins of Cool in Postwar America
2445:
1854:"A History of Cool Jazz in 100 Tracks"
1709:
1707:
1602:Pountain, Dick; Robins, David (2000).
588:"embodied essential elements of cool".
160:, expectations, or beliefs of others.
2208:"Metropolis Tokyo Feature â Pop star"
783:article, "The Birth of Cool", author
358:is its mutabilityâwhat is considered
7:
1449:
1447:
1178:is a real, but unknowable property.
1162:, in which cool is perpetuated by a
524:A History of Cool Jazz in 100 Tracks
517:as an expression of inner self in a
238:In terms of fashion, the concept of
1022:traced the outlines of a new cool.
479:African-American Vernacular English
2577:Cool Rules: Anatomy of an Attitude
2337:Heath, Joseph and Potter, Andrew.
2210:. Metropolis.co.jp. Archived from
1778:Cool â Online Etymology Dictionary
1624:Cool Rules: Anatomy of an Attitude
1604:Cool Rules: Anatomy of an Attitude
1262:cities at that time. According to
973:, and the left-wing milieu of the
890:Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione
871:, or La Gioconda (La Joconde), by
92:Cool Rules: Anatomy of an Attitude
25:
2568:. Speck Press/Fulcrum Publishing.
2566:The Birth (and Death) of the Cool
2084:. Apolloguide.com. Archived from
1916:Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten (2010).
1192:is given three characteristics:
1918:"What Does it Mean to Be Cool?"
1535:(1). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1030:, suggests that the seeds of a
604:achievement gaps in test scores
366:Africa and the African diaspora
2467:"Interview with the Author of
2159:Faiola, Anthony (2003-12-27).
1999:The Journal of Negro Education
940:The cool "Anatolian smile" of
883:"Aristocratic cool," known as
860:Aristocratic and artistic cool
413:civilizations of West Africa.
338:is used as a general positive
102:As a behavioral characteristic
1:
2613:Jeffries, Michael P. (2011).
2059:. Olive Films. Archived from
1087:, and other graduates of the
493:circles by tenor saxophonist
2106:Beech, Hannah (2002-11-11).
1986:Journal of Special Education
1888:U.S. Department of Education
1882:Conner, Marlene Kim (1995).
1803:10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_36
1655:. Voguepedia. Archived from
1458:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada:
1426:Journal of Consumer Research
1099:tends towards the sadistic.
1089:National Film School in Åódź
1026:, a professor of history at
915:English poet and playwright
538:Marlene Kim Connor connects
141:âsuch as slaves, prisoners,
2633:University of Chicago Press
2623:University of Chicago Press
2543:University of Chicago Press
2326:Jerzy Kosinski: A Biography
2240:September 30, 2006, at the
1968:Boddie, Jacquelyn Lynette.
1641:. Boston: MFA Publications.
1637:Whitley, Lauren D. (2013).
1571:. by Nick Southgate, Cogent
1460:University of Toronto Press
965:, such as key Dada figures
2669:
1972:. Retrieved on 02-26-2007.
1890:, Retrieved on 03-01-2007.
1754:"African-American English"
1523:"An Aesthetic of the Cool"
1210:
1174:According to this theory,
1106:, the capital of Bohemia,
1095:, in whose clinical prose
1091:, as well as the novelist
645:
29:
2627:Dinerstein, Joel (2017).
2495:Thompson, Robert Farris.
2424:McCracken, Grant (2009).
2343:. Harper Perennial, 2004.
2265:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1795:Encyclopedia of Diasporas
1739:Thompson, Robert Farris.
1401:Oxford English Dictionary
1188:article, "The Coolhunt",
1122:by Soviet tanks in 1968.
1002:remained the province of
922:A Midsummer Night's Dream
879:, an "aristocratic cool".
2452:: CS1 maint: location (
2194:October 3, 2006, at the
2161:"Japan's Empire of Cool"
1938:Majors, Richard (1992).
1789:Hill, Donald R. (2005).
1713:Robert Farris Thompson,
1309:, one character equates
1110:flourished in the faded
899:are classic examples of
893:and Leonardo da Vinci's
564:African-American culture
2512:, Viking, 2007, p. 106.
2036:The Mail & Guardian
1622:Pountain, Dick (2000).
1539:: 40â43, 64â67, 89â91.
1454:Danesi, Marcel (1994).
1028:George Mason University
957:European inter-war cool
571:Thorsten Botz-Bornstein
118:, a set of discernible
2653:Social constructionism
2525:, Corgi, 2005, p. 244.
2328:, Diane Pub. Co., 1996
1428:, Vol. 41, August 2014
1247:
1232:
1217:Cultural appropriation
1038:PostâWorld War II cool
880:
827:
772:
664:In Japan, synonyms of
661:
589:
533:
470:
391:Robert Farris Thompson
386:
235:
94:
2432:. P.71: Basic Books.
2428:Chief Culture Officer
2289:William Shakespeare,
2276:William Shakespeare,
2263:William Shakespeare,
1715:African Art in Motion
1207:As a marketing device
1170:As an elusive essence
1140:As social distinction
1067:Eastern European cool
1016:Christopher Isherwood
950:The Diary of a Nobody
867:
822:
768:
655:
646:Further information:
624:George Elliott Clarke
584:
546:. Connor writes that
528:
497:. This predominantly
458:
373:
225:
85:
2399:woden (2016-01-25).
2017:Robin D. G. Kelley,
1797:. pp. 363â373.
1606:. Reaktion Book Ltd.
1422:Margaret C. Campbell
1213:Planned obsolescence
1166:problem in society.
1012:Brideshead Revisited
989:The Threepenny Opera
845:consumer electronics
2595:New York University
2497:Flash of the Spirit
2374:"Merchants Of Cool"
2165:The Washington Post
1626:. London: Reaktion.
1491:. London, England:
1398:"cool" definition,
1252:consumer capitalism
1131:As a positive trait
917:William Shakespeare
817:The Washington Post
720:The Hidden Fortress
385:c. 12th century A.D
164:As a state of being
2571:Dick Pountain and
2359:2013-10-05 at the
2302:Peter N. Stearns,
1906:, April 1994, 337.
1864:on 21 October 2015
1698:2007-09-28 at the
1441:, New York: Atria.
1259:menthol cigarettes
1236:'got to be black.'
881:
662:
617:Robin D. G. Kelley
590:
387:
236:
128:facial expressions
95:
32:thermodynamic beta
2537:Alan Liu (2004).
2521:Terry Pratchett,
2508:Gibson, William.
2469:Birth of the Cool
2439:978-0-465-02204-5
2267:, Act V, Scene 1.
1812:978-0-306-48321-9
1469:978-0-8020-7483-6
1345:African aesthetic
1243:Christian Lacroix
1164:collective action
1020:Goodbye to Berlin
873:Leonardo da Vinci
608:special education
560:Christian Lacroix
473:African Americans
208:product marketing
16:(Redirected from
2660:
2605:Hip: The History
2526:
2523:Lords and Ladies
2519:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2471:, Lewis MacAdams
2464:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2443:
2431:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2370:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2324:James P. Sloan,
2322:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2167:. Archived from
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2116:. Archived from
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2009:
1995:
1989:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1860:. Archived from
1849:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1786:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1756:. Archived from
1750:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1717:, New York, 1979
1711:
1702:
1693:The Benin Empire
1690:
1684:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1628:
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1608:
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1599:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1490:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1418:
1405:
1396:
1323:Lords and Ladies
1245:
1230:
1114:splendor of the
1075:industrial city
483:Standard English
466:African Diaspora
454:African diaspora
401:, suggests that
120:bodily movements
21:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2648:Popular culture
2638:
2637:
2534:
2532:Further reading
2529:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2482:Marcel Dansei,
2481:
2477:
2465:
2461:
2444:
2440:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2361:Wayback Machine
2351:
2347:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2247:
2242:Wayback Machine
2233:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:Wayback Machine
2187:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2007:10.2307/2668154
1996:
1992:
1988:, Vol. 37, 2003
1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1894:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1838:Marcel Danesi,
1837:
1833:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1705:
1700:Wayback Machine
1691:
1687:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1601:
1600:
1575:
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1560:
1545:10.2307/3334749
1520:
1519:
1510:
1503:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1419:
1408:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1340:
1328:Terry Pratchett
1283:Grant McCracken
1278:
1246:
1240:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1209:
1172:
1142:
1133:
1128:
1069:
1040:
975:Weimar Republic
959:
862:
857:
837:a 10-year slump
740:Samurai Fiction
650:
644:
579:
475:
443:Yoruba religion
399:Yale University
393:, professor of
368:
352:
334:In this sense,
324:
220:
204:popular culture
196:
184:keep one's cool
166:
104:
80:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2611:
2598:
2584:
2581:Reaktion Books
2569:
2559:
2548:Lewis MacAdams
2545:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2488:
2475:
2459:
2438:
2416:
2391:
2365:
2345:
2340:The Rebel Sell
2330:
2317:
2308:
2295:
2282:
2269:
2256:
2245:
2224:
2199:
2181:
2151:
2130:
2098:
2073:
2048:
2023:
2010:
1990:
1974:
1961:
1945:
1930:
1908:
1892:
1875:
1844:
1831:
1818:
1811:
1781:
1770:
1745:
1732:
1719:
1703:
1685:
1669:
1644:
1629:
1609:
1573:
1558:
1508:
1501:
1493:Reaktion Books
1475:
1468:
1443:
1430:
1406:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1380:Square (slang)
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:Cool Britannia
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1318:
1307:William Gibson
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:Lewis MacAdams
1285:
1277:
1274:
1238:
1224:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1171:
1168:
1151:The Rebel Sell
1141:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1093:Jerzy Kosinski
1085:Roman Polanski
1068:
1065:
1039:
1036:
985:Bertolt Brecht
971:Marcel Duchamp
958:
955:
861:
858:
856:
853:
832:Foreign Policy
759:The Art of War
703:Akira Kurosawa
643:
640:
636:Sidney Poitier
578:
575:
474:
471:
367:
364:
351:
348:
323:
320:
307:grunge fashion
219:
216:
195:
192:
165:
162:
108:self-conscious
103:
100:
86:A timeline of
79:
76:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2665:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2587:Peter Stearns
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:Spook Country
2505:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2417:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2381:
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2375:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2214:on 2008-06-10
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:Japan Society
2185:
2182:
2171:on 2011-06-29
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2120:on 2007-12-24
2119:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2088:on 2008-01-06
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2063:on 2008-04-26
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1760:on 2007-09-27
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:0-394-72369-4
1679:
1673:
1670:
1659:on 2014-07-19
1658:
1654:
1653:"Marc Jacobs"
1648:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:1-86189-071-0
1498:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:In the novel
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:Spook Country
1299:In the novel
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1120:Prague Spring
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:Andrzej Wajda
1078:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:Peter Stearns
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:Arthur Cravan
964:
956:
954:
952:
951:
945:
943:
938:
936:
935:
930:
929:
924:
923:
918:
913:
911:
906:
902:
898:
897:
892:
891:
886:
878:
874:
870:
866:
859:
854:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:
826:
821:
819:
818:
813:
809:
805:
802:, along with
801:
797:
793:
791:
786:
782:
781:
775:
771:
767:
765:
761:
760:
754:
752:
748:
747:
742:
741:
736:
732:
731:
726:
722:
721:
716:
715:
710:
709:
708:Seven Samurai
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:
667:
659:
654:
649:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
587:
583:
576:
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567:
565:
561:
556:
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549:
545:
541:
536:
532:
527:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
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488:
484:
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472:
469:
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457:
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451:
446:
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428:
424:
420:
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412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
384:
380:
376:
372:
365:
363:
361:
357:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
332:
329:
322:As an epithet
321:
319:
317:
313:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:strain theory
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
233:
229:
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1758:the original
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2057:"Kagemusha"
1923:26 February
1827:Spoken Soul
1639:Hippie Chic
1350:Avant-garde
1276:Definitions
1270:outsourcing
1116:Café Slavia
993:switchblade
979:bourgeoisie
910:sprezzatura
905:sprezzatura
901:sprezzatura
885:sprezzatura
877:sprezzatura
632:Miles Davis
395:art history
312:Marc Jacobs
273:consumerism
234:in fashion.
194:As an ideal
42:, or being
2642:Categories
2609:Ecco Press
2556:Free Press
2410:2018-04-11
2385:2018-04-11
2218:2008-11-27
2175:2008-11-27
2145:2008-11-27
2124:2008-11-27
2092:2008-11-27
2067:2008-11-27
2042:2022-12-24
1868:23 October
1764:2007-02-28
1663:2014-04-27
1487:Cool Rules
1387:References
1375:Jihad Cool
1228:Kalle Lasn
1211:See also:
1185:New Yorker
875:expresses
796:Paul Waley
680:Edo-period
658:Paul Waley
648:Cool Japan
429:people of
281:self-worth
218:As fashion
154:autonomous
112:behavioral
64:admiration
2615:Thug Life
2562:Ted Gioia
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1537:MIT Press
1365:Cool jazz
1241:Designer
1160:arms race
896:Mona Lisa
869:Mona Lisa
841:pop music
780:Time Asia
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730:Star Wars
668:could be
642:East Asia
628:Malcolm X
586:Malcolm X
577:Cool pose
558:Designer
511:cool jazz
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198:The word
139:underdogs
116:symbology
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2575:(2000).
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1000:hedonism
963:Dadaists
804:New York
344:meanings
124:postures
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2486:, p. 1.
2293:, Act 1
2291:Othello
1730:, p. 2.
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630:, like
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441:of the
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383:Nigeria
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143:bikers
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417:, or
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244:1940s
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1925:2015
1870:2015
1858:jazz
1807:ISBN
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