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light scanning. The digitized images are stored and displayed on the computer screen. Phosphor plate radiography has been described as having an advantage of fitting within any pre-existing equipment without modification because it replaces the existing film; however, it includes extra costs for the
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resembles the old analogue system of a light sensitive film sandwiched between two x-ray sensitive screens, the difference being the analogue film has been replaced by an imaging plate with photostimulable phosphor (PSP), which records the image to be read by an image reading device, which transfers
237:
in a-Se, and the transit of these electrons and holes depends on the potential of the bias voltage charge. As the holes are replaced with electrons, the resultant charge pattern in the selenium layer is read out by a TFT array, active matrix array, electrometer probes or microplasma line addressing.
151:
Instead of X-ray film, digital radiography uses a digital image capture device. This gives advantages of immediate image preview and availability; elimination of costly film processing steps; a wider dynamic range, which makes it more forgiving for over- and under-exposure; as well as the ability to
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Initially phosphor plate radiography was the system of choice; early DR systems were prohibitively expensive (each cassette costs ÂŁ40-ÂŁ50K), and as the 'technology was being taken to the patient', prone to damage. Since there is no physical printout, and after the readout process a digital image is
257:
A high-density line-scan solid state detector is composed of a photostimulable barium fluorobromide doped with europium (BaFBr:Eu) or caesium bromide (CsBr) phosphor. The phosphor detector records the X-ray energy during exposure and is scanned by a laser diode to excite the stored energy which is
139:
that uses x-ray–sensitive plates to directly capture data during the patient examination, immediately transferring it to a computer system without the use of an intermediate cassette. Advantages include time efficiency through bypassing chemical processing and the ability to digitally transfer and
209:
S), converts X-rays to light. Because of this conversion the a-Si detector is considered an indirect imaging device. The light is channeled through the a-Si photodiode layer where it is converted to a digital output signal. The digital signal is then read out by
328:(NDT) fields. DR has opened a window of opportunity for the security NDT industry due to several key advantages including excellent image quality, high POD (probability of detection), portability, environmental friendliness and immediate imaging.
323:
Digital radiography (DR) has existed in various forms (for example, CCD and amorphous
Silicon imagers) in the security X-ray inspection field for over 20 years and is steadily replacing the use of film for inspection X-rays in the Security and
353:
1143:
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EOD (Explosive
Ordnance Disposal) training and material testing. A 105 mm shell is radiographied with battery powered portable X-ray generator and flat panel detector.
254:(CCD) have also been developed, but despite lower costs compared to FPDs of some systems, bulky designs and worse image quality have precluded widespread adoption.
1066:
Zhao, Wei; Rowlands, J. A. (October 1995). "X-ray imaging using amorphous selenium: Feasibility of a flat panel self-scanned detector for digital radiology".
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where integrity of materials is vital for safety and cost reasons. Advantages of digital technologies include the ability to provide results in real time.
271:
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Hanke, Randolf; Fuchs, Theobald; Uhlmann, Norman (June 2008). "X-ray based methods for non-destructive testing and material characterization".
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Sonoda, M; Takano, M; Miyahara, J; Kato, H (September 1983). "Computed radiography utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence".
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obtained, CR has been known as an indirect digital technology, bridging the gap between x-ray film and fully digital detectors.
72:
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Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
179:
Flat panel detectors (FPDs) are the most common kind of direct digital detectors. They are classified in two main categories:
57:
1158:
79:
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987:
492:
Marchiori, Dennis M. Clinical
Imaging: with Skeletal, Chest, and Abdominal Pattern Differentials. Elsevier Mosby, 2014.
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86:
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are converted directly into charge. The outer layer of the flat panel in this design is typically a high-voltage
68:
46:
885:
Digital
Radiography Using Flat Panel Detector for the Non-DestructiveEvaluation of Space Vehicle Components
325:
891:. National Seminar on Non-Destructive Evaluation. Hyderabad: Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing.
251:
198:
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Antonuk, L E; Yorkston, J; Huang, W; Siewerdsen, J H; Boudry, J M; el-Mohri, Y; Marx, M V (July 1995).
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211:
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Benjamin S (2010). "Phosphor plate radiography: an integral component of the filmless practice".
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Neitzel, U. (17 May 2005). "Status and prospects of digital detector technology for CR and DR".
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Computer
Applications for Handling Legal Evidence, Police Investigation and Case Argumentation
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apply special image processing techniques that enhance overall display quality of the image.
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Lança, LuĂs; Silva, Augusto (2013). "Digital
Radiography Detectors: A Technical Overview".
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194:
189:(a-Si) is the most common material of commercial FPDs. Combining a-Si detectors with a
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1208:
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Wireless CMOS detectors for dental work first made available by Schick
Technologies.
915:
810:
Computer Vision for X-Ray
Testing: Imaging, Systems, Image Databases, and Algorithms
274:(PACS). It is also called photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate-based radiography or
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which uses computer processing to convert multiple projectional radiographies to a
190:
171:
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Introduced in the 1980s by
Fujifilm Medical Systems, computed radiography (CR)...
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After X-ray exposure the plate (sheet) is placed in a special scanner where the
136:
35:
17:
868:
609:"Impact of computers in radiography: The advent of digital radiography, Part-2"
590:
Third Conference on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 18-19 Oct 2013
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French company Signet introduce the first dental digital panoramic system.
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Phosphor stimulated radiography systems first brought into clinical use by
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315:
1182:
Berman, Louis H.; Hargreaves, Kenneth M.; Cohen, Steven R. (2010-05-10).
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Digital radiography in dentistry first introduced as "RadioVisioGraphy".
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222:
352:
691:
Rowlands, JA (7 December 2002). "The physics of computed radiography".
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First amorphous silicon and amorphous selenium detectors introduced.
226:
939:"Digital radiography. A comparison with modern conventional imaging"
1103:"A real-time, flat-panel, amorphous silicon, digital x-ray imager"
351:
314:
294:
596:(10). Skopje (Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of): 65–71.
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released and read out by a digital image capture array of a CCD.
1151:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
247:
1144:"On the development of digital radiography detectors: A review"
1012:
Frommer, Herbert H.; Stabulas-Savage, Jeanine J. (2014-04-14).
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Nondestructive testing of materials is vital in fields such as
29:
835:"A Review of Digital Radiography in the Service of Aerospace"
780:
Holmes, Ken; Elkington, Marcus; Harris, Phil (2013-10-10).
753:
Allisy-Roberts, Penelope; Williams, Jerry R. (2007-11-14).
225:(a-Se) FPDs are known as “direct” detectors because X-ray
1045:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1009.
783:
Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers
356:
Direct x-ray imaging system (DXIS) - real time display
988:"Breakthroughs in Radiography Computed Radiography"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1142:Kim, H K; Cunningham, I A; Yin, Z; Cho, G (2008).
193:in the detector’s outer layer, which is made from
293:is retrieved point by point and digitized, using
175:Flat panel detector used in digital radiography
1015:Radiology for the Dental Professional - E-Book
542:Digital Imaging Systems for Plain Radiography
298:scanner and replacement of scratched plates.
8:
1185:Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult
144:can be used to produce an image of similar
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684:
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272:Picture archiving and communication system
1188:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 108.
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1018:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 288.
962:
736:"The Eclectic History of Medical Imaging"
634:
624:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
759:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 86.
583:"The digital flat-panel X-Ray detectors"
418:and general radiography made available.
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986:Mattoon, John S.; Smith, Carin (2004).
613:Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging
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544:. New York: Springer. pp. 14–17.
414:First commercial indirect CsI FPD for
7:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1120:10.1148/radiographics.15.4.7569143
756:Farr's Physics for Medical Imaging
734:Freiherr, Greg (6 November 2014).
25:
607:Verma, BS; Indrajit, IK (2008).
34:
916:10.1148/radiology.148.3.6878707
693:Physics in Medicine and Biology
45:needs additional citations for
1039:Nissan, Ephraim (2012-06-15).
504:Radiation Protection Dosimetry
242:Other direct digital detectors
214:(TFTs) or fiber-coupled CCDs.
1:
148:to conventional radiography.
1220:Computing in medical imaging
943:Postgraduate Medical Journal
807:Mery, Domingo (2015-07-24).
1157:(4): 86–100. Archived from
937:Bansal, G J (1 July 2006).
705:10.1088/0031-9155/47/23/201
550:10.1007/978-1-4614-5067-2_2
140:enhance images. Also, less
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869:10.1016/j.nima.2008.03.016
267:Phosphor plate radiography
262:Phosphor plate radiography
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786:. CRC Press. p. 83.
477:Resources in your library
278:(not to be confused with
1225:Projectional radiography
955:10.1136/pgmj.2005.038448
581:Ristić, Goran S (2013).
375:Fujifilm Medical Systems
882:Ravindran, V R (2006).
813:. Springer. p. 2.
740:Imaging Technology News
626:10.4103/0971-3026.41828
270:the image usually to a
233:. X-ray photons create
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326:nondestructive testing
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252:charge-coupled device
212:thin film transistors
199:gadolinium oxysulfide
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69:"Digital radiography"
1215:Diagnostic radiology
276:computed radiography
161:Flat panel detectors
54:improve this article
468:Digital radiography
280:computed tomography
246:Detectors based on
235:electron-hole pairs
167:Flat panel detector
133:Digital radiography
27:Form of radiography
516:10.1093/rpd/nch532
441:Dental radiography
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
446:Fluoroscopy
416:mammography
342:electronics
219:Direct FPDs
137:radiography
1209:Categories
1168:2017-05-21
992:Compendium
841:2021-02-02
669:(11): 89.
663:Dent Today
457:References
110:April 2014
80:newspapers
904:Radiology
837:. Vidisco
721:250801018
338:aerospace
332:Materials
197:(CsI) or
156:Detectors
142:radiation
973:16822918
713:12502037
675:21133024
645:19774158
524:15933078
435:See also
311:Security
284:3D image
223:selenium
146:contrast
1129:7569143
1088:8551983
964:2563775
924:6878707
636:2747436
348:History
227:photons
94:scholar
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295:laser
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641:PMID
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520:PMID
424:2003
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383:1987
369:1983
340:and
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