529:
2558:
1178:
541:
907:. During this period, after leaving their parents' home, women were expected to maintain careers as homemakers and wives. Thus, safe and private public toilets were rarely available for women. The result was that they were often restricted in how far they could travel away from home without returning. Alternatively, they had to make do in the public streets as best they could. They often experienced sexual harassment as men tried to "sneak a peek" or otherwise bothered them. Some females experienced even worse if they could not secure safety and privacy even at home or in their workplaces. These problems continue for women and girls in all parts of the world.
2471:
2334:
197:
1803:
2046:
2543:
2021:
2439:
2375:
6351:
2641:
1265:
2189:
2574:
66:
2598:
357:
2507:
2610:
2491:
209:
2391:
1498:
1696:
860:
often been replaced with gender-neutral toilets. This places women at a significant disadvantage. While men can then use both cubicles and urinals, women can only use the former, and women also need safe spaces given their particular health and sanitary needs (for example, women who are menstruating, pregnant or at menopause, may need to use the toilet more often). Women are also likely to feel less comfortable using mixed sex facilities, and require more space.
1273:
2071:
2407:
1939:
549:
2423:
2653:
1587:
2455:
185:
2121:
2622:
2363:
42:
2527:
1872:
1409:
1795:
1779:
686:) for people in 1867. But these toilets needed to cleaned and emptied manually every day and were not popular. In 1894, plague broke out in Hong Kong and 2,500 people died, especially public toilet cleaners. The government decided to act, setting up underground toilet facilities to improve this situation, though these toilets also had to be cleaned and emptied manually.
2096:
369:
518:
953:. It has been estimated that females can take up to 50% longer in the toilet. The reasons given include the requirement to use a cubicle rather than a urinal, pregnancy, managing menstruation, health conditions (such as cystitis), clothing design, and helping others. Women are more likely to be accompanied by very young children, disabled, or older people.
2146:
886:
1291:
233:, "restroom" commonly denotes a facility featuring toilets and sinks designed for use by the public, but "restroom" and "bathroom" are often used interchangeably for any room with a toilet (both in public and in private homes). "Restroom" is considered by some to be slightly more formal or polite. "Bathroom" is quite common in
242:
toilet and sink facilities, something which can be seen in some movies of the time period. An example of this is the description of a "movie palace" which was opening in 1921 which was described as including " ... a rest-room for the fair sex and a lounging room for the sterner sex ... off these rooms are the toilets."
258:
terms are the terms typically used on floor plans for residences or other buildings. Real estate advertisements for residences often refer to "three-piece washrooms" (include a bathtub or shower) and "two-piece washrooms" (only toilet and sink). In public athletic or aquatic facilities, showers are available in
1248:
maintenance. Each sensor views through a small window into each fixture. Sometimes the metal plates that house the sensor windows are bolted on from behind, to prevent tampering. Additionally, all of the electrical equipment is safely behind the walls, so that there is no danger of electric shock. However, a
1906:
increases their water and sanitation requirements for several days each month. Amongst the UN sustainable development goals, there is specific reference to achieving access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls in vulnerable
1566:
There are now durable options for restroom stall materials such as solid plastic that were designed to help fight vandalism. Solid plastic allows for scratches to be less noticeable due to the solid color throughout the product compared to powder coated steel. Powder coated steel chips easily lead to
1369:
is used to allow closets to be flushed repeatedly without waiting for the cistern to refill. This trend of hiding cisterns and fittings behind the walls started in the late 1930s in the United States and in the United
Kingdom from the 1950s, and by the late 1960s it was unusual for toilet cisterns to
681:
In the early days of the colony of Hong Kong, people would go to the toilet in sewers, barrels or in alleys. Once Hong Kong opened up for trade (1856โ1880), the
British Hong Kong government determined that the appalling hygiene situation in Hong Kong was becoming critical. Thus, the government set up
157:
Public toilets may be municipally owned or managed and entered directly from the street. Or they may be within a building that, while privately owned, allows public access, such as a department store, or it may be limited to the business's customers, such as a restaurant. Some public toilets are free
137:
Public toilets are typically found in many different places: inner-city locations, offices, factories, schools, universities and other places of work and study. Similarly, museums, cinemas, bars, restaurants, entertainment venues usually provide public toilets. Railway stations, filling stations, and
2172:
however, many retailers pay insufficient attention to their customer toilet facilities. Due to the potential of customer toilets to increase profits and improve store image, retailers could benefit from regarding toilets as a marketing investment rather than a property expense. Some businesses, like
1347:
Service lighting consisting of windows that run all the way around the outside of the toilet using electric lights behind the windows, to create the illusion of extensive natural light, even when the toilets are underground or otherwise do not have access to natural light. The windows are sometimes
1247:
Sensor-operated fixtures (faucets, soap dispensers, hand dryers, paper towel dispensers) prevent the spread of disease by allowing patrons to circumvent the need to touch common surfaces. Sensor-operated toilets also help conserve water by limiting the amount used per flush, and require less routine
1106:
The inability to satisfy essential physiological needs because no toilet is available contributes to health issues such as urinary tract infections, kidney infections, and digestive problems, which can later develop into severe health problems. Inadequate access to a public toilets when required can
1102:
Public toilets also serve people who are "toilet challenged". First, some people need to go very frequently, including young and old people, people who are pregnant or menstruating, and those with some medical conditions. Second, some people need toilet access urgently, suddenly and without warning:
689:
Early in 1940, the colonial government built the first public flush toilet. In 1953, a fire broke out in Shek Kip Mei. After that, the government embarked on a major public housing project in Hong Kong including public toilets for residents. More than ten people shared each toilet and they used them
265:
In
Britain, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand, the terms in use are "public toilet", "public lavatory" (abbreviated "lav"), "public convenience", and more informally, "public loo". As public toilets were traditionally signed as "gentlemen" or "ladies", the colloquial terms "the gents'
257:
that includes a bathtub or shower while a room with only a toilet and sink in a person's residence is typically called a "washroom" because you would wash your hands in it upon returning home or before a meal or a "powder room" because women would fix their make-up on their faces in that room. These
2217:
are not adequately built for young children, which has resulted in the tragic consequence of children dying by falling inside the hole. Globally, about 620 million children do not have adequate toilets at school, around 900 million cannot wash their hands properly, and almost half of schools do not
1364:
Older toilets infrequently have service ducts, and often in old toilets that have been modernized, the toilet cistern is hidden in a tiled over purpose-built 'box'. Often old toilets still have high-level cisterns in the service ducts. On the outside, the toilet is flushed by a handle (just like an
1199:
Modern public toilets may be designed with a labyrinth entrance (doorless entry), which prevents the spread of disease that might otherwise occur when coming in contact with a door. Doorless entry provides visual privacy while simultaneously offering a measure of security by allowing the passage of
872:
In the UK the number of public toilets fell by nearly 20% from 3,154 in 2015/16 to 2,556 in 2020/21 This loss leads to health and mobility inequality issues for a range of people, including the homeless, disabled, outdoor workers and those whose illnesses mean that they frequently need to access a
859:
There needs to be proper provision of gender-specific toilets for both men and women, with a clear steer in building standards guidance. In recent years, there has been a trend towards the removal of well-established male-only/female-only spaces when premises are built or refurbished, and they have
1923:
found that 59% of transgender
Americans avoided using public facilities for fear of confrontation. This landmark study, which included 27,715 respondents, found that 24% of respondents had their presence in the restroom questioned, 12% had experienced verbal harassment, physical assault, or sexual
1883:
Some public toilets are known for drug-taking and drug-selling, as well as vandalism. This type of criminal activity is associated with all "neglected, unsupervised buildings", not just toilets, and good cleanliness and maintenance, and ideally an attendant on the premises, can act as a protection
914:
emerged in the US in the late 19th century. In these spaces, public toilets could only be accessed by paying a fee. Sex-separated pay toilets were available at the
Chicago World's Fair (US) in 1893. Females complained that these were practically unavailable to them; authorities allowed them to be
698:
In the United States, concerns over public health and sanitation spurred the sanitarian movement during the late 1800s. Reforms to standardize plumbing codes and household plumbing were advocated for; the intersection of advancements in technology and desire for cleanliness and disease-free spaces
1764:
An additional consideration with regard to gendered public restrooms is the availability of baby changing tables. Sometimes, these tables have only been installed in women's restrooms, owing to stereotypical assumptions that only women were likely to be accompanied by babies needing to have their
1075:
A variety of reasons have been put forward for these measures, including protecting the privacy of females, avoidance of retraumatization in females affected by male violence, and to protect females from being assaulted by males donning disguises, although there is no evidence of the latter ever
934:
reasons, they were viewed as offending public sensibilities. It has been said that because public facilities were associated with access to public spaces, extending these rights to women was viewed as "immoral" and an "abomination". As a result of
Victorian era codes, women were delegated to the
2171:
Customers often expect retail stores and shopping centres to offer public toilets. Customers rank complimentary toilets highly, and their availability influences shopping behaviour. By offering appropriate customer toilets, retail stores and shopping centres may enhance their profits and image;
1352:, permanently cemented in place. Lighting installed in service tunnels that run around the outside of the toilets provides optimum safety from electrical shock (keeping the lights outside the toilet), hygiene (no cracks or openings), security (no way for vandals to access the light bulbs), and
923:
destroyed a toilet on the steps of the
California State Capitol. By the 1990s most US jurisdictions had migrated away from pay toilets. Until 1992, U.S. female senators had to use toilets located on different floor levels than the ones they were working on, a reflection of their intrusion in an
672:
on the pavement. Local health boards often built underground public toilets to a high standard, although provisions were higher for men than women. Most have been closed as they did not have disabled access, and were more prone to vandalism and sexual encounters, especially in the absence of an
613:
states โIt does not befit a modest, honourable man to prepare to relieve nature in the presence of other people, nor do up his clothes afterward in their presence. Similarly, he will not wash his hands on returning to decent society from private places, as the reason for his washing will arouse
241:
such as those in national parks. The term restroom derived from the fact that in the early 1900s through to the middle of the century up-scale restaurants, theatres and performing facilities would often have comfortable chairs or sofas located within or in a room directly adjacent to the actual
1098:
Public toilets play a role in community health and individual well-being. Where toilets are available, people can enjoy outings and physical activities in their communities. By letting people get out of their cars and onto their feet, bicycles and mass transit, public toilets can contribute to
854:
announced plans to make provision of single-sex toilets compulsory in new public buildings above a certain size. The technical review consultation on increasing accessibility and provision of toilets for men and women in municipal and private sector locations outlined the context in a call for
423:
is designed to extend and retract vertically from a cylinder relative to street level depending on the time of day. It is typically installed in entertainment districts and operational only during weekends, evenings, and nights. The first such toilet was a telescopic urinal invented in the
1226:
states that toilets should be "suitable, private and safe to use for all intended users, taking into consideration their gender, age and physical mobility (e.g. disabled, sick etc.)" and "All shared or public toilets should have doors that can be locked from the inside, and lights".
4217:
Published in The Public
Historian, ed. Randolph Bergstrom, Volume 27, Issue 4, Fall 2005, pages 11-44. Weyeneth, R. R. (2005). The architecture of racial segregation: The challenges of preserving the problematic past. The Public Historian, 27(4), 11-44. DOI: 10.1525/tph.2005.27.4.11
1334:
in a general-purpose toilet, usage is faster and more sanitary because at the urinal there are no fecal germs, no additional doors or locks to touch, and no seat to turn up. A urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less water per flush (or even no water at all) than a
1890:
inside public toilets can be a problem in areas where the rate of such crimes in general is very high. In South Africa, for instance, many people have reported being afraid to use public toilets. There have been several highly publicized murders in public toilets, such as the
978:. Strategies to keep African-Americans out of sight included the "basement solution," which involved locating public toilets for black people in the basement next to janitor supply rooms. Black workers often had to walk long distances to get to the toilets they were assigned.
383:
Many public toilets are permanent small buildings visible to passers-by on the street. Others are underground, including older facilities in
Britain and Canada. Contemporary street toilets include automatic, self-cleaning toilets in self-contained pods; an example is the
1722:
to match the decoration of the premises. Toilet facilities for people with disabilities, especially those reliant on a wheelchair, may be either gender-specific or unisex. Gender-neutral toilets are usual in cases where sex-separated ones are not practical, such as in
1168:
If bus and truck drivers on timed schedules have difficulty in accessing toilets, this puts them at risk of bladder and digestive health problems. Furthermore, if the concentration of a driver in urgent need is compromised, it becomes a broader public safety concern.
461:
features wider doors, ample space for turning, lowered sinks, and grab-bars for safety. Features above and beyond this standard are advocated by the
Changing Places campaign. Features include a hoist for an adult, a full-sized changing bench, and space for up to two
660:
of 1851. Public toilets were also known as "retiring rooms." They included separate amenities for men and women, and were the first flush toilet facilities to introduce sex-separation to the activity. The next year, London's first public toilet facility was opened.
2262:
hygiene management and privacy (such as the availability of functional toilet doors with locks, disposal facilities and menstrual hygiene products in schools, soap and toilet paper) can severely impact upon their well-being and is considered a form of violation of
935:
private sphere, away from the public, fulfilling their roles as dutiful wives and mothers where any association with sexuality or private body parts was taboo. For women, the female lavatory in a public space was associated with danger and immoral sexual conduct.
690:
for bathing, doing their laundry as well as going to the toilet. Finally, in the 1970s, the government decided that one toilet for four or five families was insufficient and renovated all public housing providing separate flush pedestal toilets for all residents.
622:
These standards were internalized at an early age. Over time, much that had to be explained earlier was no longer mentioned, due to successful social conditioning. This resulted in substantial reduction of explicit text on these topics in subsequent editions of
1321:
exist but are rare. Urinals can be with automatic or manual flushing, or without flush water as is the case for waterless urinals. They can be arranged as single sanitary fixtures (with or without privacy walls) or in a trough design without privacy walls. The
597:
Sociologist Dara Blumenthal notes changing bodily habits, attitudes, and practices regarding hygiene starting in the 16th century, which eventually led to a resurgence of public toilets. While it had been perfectly acceptable to relieve oneself anywhere,
1606:
or be inside a building, e.g. a shopping mall, department store, or railway station. The reason for charging money is usually for the maintenance of the equipment. Paying to use a toilet can be traced back almost 2,000 years — the Roman emperor
846:
are not legally required to provide public toilets, and while in 2008 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Committee called for a duty on local authorities to develop a public toilet strategy, the Government rejected the proposal.
175:
Public toilets are known by many other names depending on the country. Examples are: restroom, bathroom, men's room, women's room, powder room in the US, washroom in Canada, and toilets, lavatories, water closet (W.C.), ladies and gents in Europe.
1911:
1134:
found that 8% of transgender Americans reported having developed urinary tract infections, kidney infections, and other kidney-related problems as a result of avoiding, or not being granted access to, the facilities. In another survey, the group
1924:
assault when attempting to use the restroom, and 9% were denied access entirely. Several studies have found that preventing transgender people from using public toilets has negative mental health impacts, leading to a higher risk of suicide.
706:
is one example of the non-euphemistic use of the term: literally, a place to rest. Historically such rooms pre-dated the washroom and washrooms were added afterwards. Subsequent integrated designs resulted in the "women's restroom lounge".
249:, public facilities are frequently called and signed as "washrooms", although usage varies regionally. The word "toilet" generally denotes the fixture itself rather than the room. The word "washroom" is rarely used to mean "utility room" or "
121:
to people with disabilities. Depending on the culture, there may be varying degrees of separation between males and females and different levels of privacy. Typically, the entire room, or a stall or cubicle containing a toilet, is lockable.
1200:
sound. Doorless entry also helps deter vandalism; fewer audible clues to another person entering discourages some vandals. Doorless entry may also be achieved simply by keeping an existing door propped open, closed only when necessary.
1019:
politics, they erroneously claimed that racial integration would cause them to catch syphilis from toilet seats. Similar arguments equating equal access to restrooms with contracting venereal diseases were made by white women after the
1914:
found no significant change in the number of crimes since the passage of various laws that enable transgender public toilet usage. Transgender and gender non-conforming people are at risk of violence when using the public toilet (see:
1769:
changed. This can be an impediment for fathers with their children and other male caregivers. Advocates have worked for changing tables to be installed in men's restrooms. Unisex washrooms would provide access to either regardless.
1255:
Some public toilets have an automatic sensor-controlled flushing system that flushes the toilet when the user steps away from the sensor. They might also have an additional button that the user can push to provide a second flush.
1742:(also called gender-inclusive, or all-gender). These may be instead of, or in addition to, gendered toilets, depending on the circumstances. Many groups are re-imagining what public toilets can look like; for instance, architect
4614:
2253:
is very important, but is largely non-existent in many regions. Missing or inadequate doors and partitioning are observed in both high- and low-income countries, which can affect children's self-esteem, especially around
1080:
published guidance in 2022 outlining scenarios where it considered exclusion of transgender people from single-sex spaces to be justifiable and proportionate. While transgender public toilet usage has been labelled as a
1898:
Increasing public toilet provision can help to protect women from violent attacks. Research studies have found increased risk of women and girls being raped where there is limited or no access to safe toilets at night.
2557:
1071:
have been put forward to define who can have public toilet access, and on what terms. Many of these bills seek to criminalize usage by people whose gender identity does not match the sex on their birth certificates.
618:
contends that the development of these new behaviours had nothing to do with problems of hygiene and bacterial infection, but rather with conforming to increasingly artificial standards of gentlemanly behaviour.
1370:
be visible in public toilets. In some buildings such as schools, however, a cistern can still be visible, although high-level cisterns had become outdated by the 1970s. Many schools now have low-level cisterns.
1392:(used manually or with auto-sensors). Drying of washed hands is important for convenience but also because wet hands are more easily recontaminated. Paper towels are more hygienic than electric air dryers.
1050:
Public toilets have frequently been inaccessible to people with disabilities. In the United States, all public toilets in federal buildings were required to be accessible to people with disabilities by the
961:
After slavery ended in the United States, southern states attempted to replicate social economic oppression by passing laws requiring that blacks and whites be separated in all public and private venues.
989:
recalled that on cross-country road trips in the 1950s his parents were reluctant to stop the car to allow the children to relieve themselves โ it just was not safe. One solution to this was to carry a
2742:
442:
technologies are used as public toilets. Portables can be moved into place where and when needed and are popular at outdoor festivals and events. A portable toilet can either be connected to the local
5355:
1400:
Public toilets by their nature see heavy usage. Some high-vandalism settings, such as beaches or stadiums, will use metal toilets. Public toilets generally contain several of the following fixtures.
2333:
2318:, many cities, especially large and densely populated cities, are experiencing a severe shortage of public toilets due to lack of land for toilet construction. The general situation of toilets in
974:. Justifications provided for segregated facilities included "protection of a certain group, privacy, cleanliness, and morality.โ This segregation imposed significant restrictions on the lives of
5410:
737:
in terms of access to toilet facilities. In the 1970s there were 50,000 coin-operated public restrooms in the U.S., but they were eliminated by 1980, and public facilities did not replace them.
583:. These latrines housed long benches with holes accommodating multiple simultaneous users, with no division between individuals or groups. Using the facilities was considered a social activity.
919:, claimed that such practices disadvantaged women and girls because men and boys did not have to pay for urinals. As an act of protest against this phenomenon, in 1969 California Assemblywoman
820:
is legislation several U.S. States passed that requires retail establishments with toilet facilities for employees to also allow customers to use the facilities if the customer suffers from an
6049:
1165:
protects workers' rights to toilet breaks because of the documented health risks. This protected right to a toilet is a function of the workplace and is lost when workers leave the workplace.
1519:
dispensing condoms, diapers (nappies), painkillers, energy drinks, perfume, breath mints, facial tissue, confectionery, undergarments, swimwear, soap, sex toys, or sanitary napkins or tampons
2804:
646:. When hygiene became a heightened concern, rapid advancements in toilet technology ensued. In the 19th century, large cities in Europe started installing modern flushing public toilets.
1902:
Several billion people lack access to improved water and sanitation and must travel long distances or wait until nighttime to defecate under cover of darkness. Women and girls managing
1718:
of a man or a woman often suffice to indicate the facility, without explicit reference to the fixtures themselves. In restaurants and other private locations, the identifications can be
3721:
1004:, an annually updated guidebook. Once the traveler found the correct "colored restroom", it could serve "as a respite from the insults of the white world", akin to what is now called
5592:
1239:, and the like, that run behind all the fixtures. Sensors are installed in a separate room, behind the fixtures. Usually, the separate room is just a narrow corridor or passageway.
427:
Private firms may maintain permanent public toilets. The companies are then permitted to use the external surfaces of the enclosures for advertising. The installations are part of a
1645:
In some places, the provision of public toilet facilities is under great pressure. One response by public authorities is to close the buildings, often citing criminal activity. The
1879:
use public toilet in the U.S. This toilet for supermarket customers uses very dim, blue lighting to deter heroin users from injecting. The blue gloom makes veins impossible to see.
2470:
1672:- anyone can use them, but the land ultimately belongs to the corporation in question. When toilets that have been privatised are improperly run, or closed, there may be calls to
770:, there exists no federal law or regulation that makes public toilets provision compulsory. The lack of public toilets across Brazil results in frequent acts of public urination.
981:
Those who were able to afford cars could avoid the indignities of segregated trains and buses, but they faced the difficulty of finding a public toilet they were allowed to use.
2573:
5925:
4593:
4193:
6386:
Locations of public toilets in 18 countries. New locations and comments can be added. Detailed information includes the geographic coordinates and quality of the facility.
2640:
2542:
1528:
Infant changing table, often fold-down (usually in women's rooms, but increasingly also in men's rooms.) They are sometimes placed within a, usually large, toilet cubicle.
1356:(clean architectural lines that maintain a continuity of whatever aesthetic design is present, e.g., the raw industrial urban aesthetic that works well with glass brick).
5291:
1761:
public toilets facilitate usage for people who may require assistance from a caretaker of another gender, such as people with disabilities, elderly people, and children.
6427:
134:. In many cultures, it is customary to tip the attendant, especially if they provide a specific service, such as might be the case at upscale nightclubs or restaurants.
4154:
3514:
1219:
People often expect a high level of privacy when using public toilets. Privacy expectations may include toilet cubicles, cubicle doors, urinal partitions and similar.
5481:
528:
6020:
3777:
3269:
2700:
266:
room" and "the ladies' room", or simply "the gents" and "the ladies" are used to indicate the facilities themselves. The British Toilet Association, sponsor of the
3827:
2374:
1339:. Urinal setups can have individual urinals (with or without privacy partitions) or a communal urinal (also called a trough urinal) which is used by multiple men.
840:, available from Health and Safety Executive Books, outlines guidance on the number of toilets to provide and the type of washing facilities associated with them.
4168:
2597:
2438:
1646:
506:
2752:
4029:
1146:
According to the Government of Australia, more than 3.8 million Australians of all ages are estimated to suffer continence issues. This represents 18% of the
5768:
2774:
4639:
3009:
3499:
Deister Moreira, Fernanda; Rezende; Fabiana Passos, Sonaly (2022). "Public toilets from the perspective of users: a case study in a public place, Brazil".
2176:, have officially opted to let anyone use their toilets, without having to purchase anything. This decision was made after a highly publicized instance of
1462:
Toilet cubicle door lock sign. The toilet cubicle door lock signs are indicated in either colour: Vacant is marked in green, while Engaged is marked in red
310:โ sanitary unit/hub) is sometimes used for public facilities which include a toilet, sink, and possibly a shower, bathtub, and / or bidet. Public urinals (
5745:
4658:
109:
for use by the general public. The facilities are available to customers, travelers, employees of a business, school pupils or prisoners and are commonly
6068:
5393:
4563:
2609:
1177:
1038:, was murdered in 1966 after trying to use a "whites-only" restroom. He was the first black college student to be killed for his actions supporting the
5951:
2506:
4721:
Herman, Jody L (Spring 2013). "Gendered Restrooms and Minority Stress: The Public Regulation of Gender and its Impact on Transgender People's Lives".
2490:
435:
company and the city government and allow these public conveniences to be installed and maintained without requiring funds from the municipal budget.
399:. Squat toilets are common in many Asian and African countries, and, to a lesser extent, in Southern European countries. In many of those countries,
5432:
3477:
1920:
1131:
6194:
505:
needs, and use the waste bins. Public toilets may also become places for harassment of others or illegal activities, particularly if principles of
3903:
1099:
improved environmental health. Mental well-being is enhanced when people are out with families and friends and know a place "to go" is available.
1056:
916:
836:
requires businesses to provide toilets for their employees, along with washing facilities including soap or other suitable means of cleaning. The
3696:
7254:
7199:
7085:
4415:
3101:
2406:
1836:(a collection)โwas coined to describe this kind of graffiti. A famous example of such artwork was featured on the album cover of the satirical
1158:
893:, London, 1904. The male facilities (left) comprise 12 cubicles and 13 urinals; whereas the female facilities (right) comprise just 5 cubicles.
803:
569:
5174:
3283:
1567:
obvious damage compared with solid plastic. Solid plastic is also easier to clean and maintain in public restrooms with high traffic volumes.
6420:
5822:
5710:
4819:
3761:
3166:
2429:
1892:
6297:
5584:
4959:
2390:
1077:
540:
238:
4801:
US Public Health Mandates and the Restroom Problem in America, American Restroom Association, World Toilet Summit, Delhi, November 1, 2007
668:, in built-up urban areas where no space was available to provide them above ground. The facilities were accessible by stairs, and lit by
5201:
3560:
7204:
6062:
3200:
2322:
is insufficient, poorly installed, and dirty. Many public places do not have toilets, leading to the situation of littering everywhere.
2303:
2226:
1563:
Public toilets need both periodic maintenance and emergency cleaning. Volunteer-managed facilities may also be an option in some cases.
938:
According to World Bank data from 2017, over 500 million females lacked access to sanitation facilities to go to the bathroom or manage
4990:
4907:
1143:) reported physical problems from avoiding using public toilets, such as dehydration, kidney infections, and urinary tract infections.
6836:
5836:
5219:
4373:
2271:
1103:
such as those with chronic conditions such as Crohn's disease and colitis, and those temporarily afflicted with food-borne illnesses.
1052:
1016:
1015:
white women refused to share bathrooms with black women throughout the South. Engaging in numerous labor strikes and walkouts against
6246:
3441:
7050:
5814:
5702:
5024:
4748:
4348:
4270:
3544:
2245:, 30% of schools do not provide adequate toilets and 37% of schools do not have access to adequate water supplies. The presence of
1895:
in South Korea in 2016. In the US, an infamous case was the murder of a 9-year-old boy in 1998 in a San Diego county public toilet.
869:
The presence or absence of public toilets has also long been a reflection of a society's class inequalities and social hierarchies.
808:
Various countries have legislation stipulating how many public toilets are required in a given area for employees or for customers.
2422:
2205:
Lack of adequate school toilets is a very serious problem in many developing countries, and contributes to many problems from poor
5725:
5456:
1962:. The privacy and anonymity public toilets provided made them a convenient and attractive location to engage in sexual acts then.
7214:
6413:
4589:
1548:" (who is there during an entire shift) or by professional cleaning staff. They maintain and clean the facilities, ensuring that
4777:
2362:
783:
Massachusetts passed the first law requiring sex separation of public toilets in 1887. By 1920, this was mandated in 43 states.
673:
attendant. A few remain in London, but others have been converted into alternative uses such as cafes, bars and even dwellings.
6802:
2526:
1640:
927:
While some public facilities were available to females in London by 1890, there were much fewer than those available to males.
874:
368:
341:
196:
5041:
1802:
702:
Facilities for women sometimes had a wider emphasis, providing a safe and comfortable private space in the public sphere. The
5074:
2291:
1162:
949:
In many places the queues for the female toilets are longer than those for the males; efforts to deal with this are known as
719:
2932:
1067:
Access to public toilets for transgender and gender non-conforming people is often contested. In the United States, various
5110:
3885:
2454:
1954:
legally could meet others who they knew with certainty to be gay. Many, if not most, gay and bisexual men at the time were
1653:
as a whole. Some of the buildings, particularly the underground ones, are sold and used for other purposes, e.g. as a bar.
6118:
6105:
6003:
4936:
4811:
3378:
3335:
2302:
to use the toilet without adequate privacy amounts to a violation of Article 8 (right to respect for private life) of the
1000:
5726:"Finding private passion in a public place; Why is it that some gay men go in search of sexual encounters in lavatories?"
392:
against open defecation, the Indian government introduced the remotely-monitored eToilet to some public spaces in 2014.
7070:
5841:
4287:
4219:
3310:
2959:
2045:
1669:
1013:
1941 executive order which prohibited โdiscrimination in the employment of workers in defence industries or government,โ
946:
includes sex-separated toilets among its list of suggested measures to ensure the safety of women and girls in schools.
4130:
4105:
3413:
2714:
2020:
1735:
1021:
6272:
6168:
3746:
3017:
2621:
7300:
5133:
3925:
Plaskow, Judith (July 8, 2008). "Embodiment, Elimination, and the Role of Toilets in Struggles for Social Justice".
7295:
6841:
6723:
6590:
6048:
van Maanen, Peter; Shinee, Enkhtsetseg; Grossi, Valentina; Vargha, Mรกrta; Gabriadze, Nana; Schmoll, Oliver (2016).
2669:
1151:
821:
580:
5765:
2782:
130:
or commercial businesses may provide public toilet facilities. Some are unattended while others are staffed by an
5806:
4054:
4030:"Lack of access to a toilet and handwashing materials hits women and girls hardest, especially when menstruating"
2652:
1969:
in the UK). It is likely that the element of risk involved in cottaging makes it an attractive activity to some.
1223:
1147:
632:
5897:
Piha, Samuel; Rรคikkรถnen, Juulia (May 2017). "When nature calls: The role of customer toilets in retail stores".
7290:
7105:
7055:
6787:
6527:
6106:
Building demand for sanitation - a 2015 portfolio update and overview - Water, sanitation, and hygiene strategy
5742:
5012:
4654:
3646:
1966:
1314:
971:
345:
3857:
Carter, W. Burlette (2018). "Sexism in the 'Bathroom Debates': How Bathrooms Really Became Separated By Sex".
7280:
7009:
6968:
6953:
6918:
6383:
5046:
4539:
4513:
1728:
1661:
1365:
ordinary low-level cistern toilet) although behind the wall this handle activates a chain. Sometimes a long
1249:
930:
Toilets also were assigned strong moral overtones. While public water closets were considered necessary for
605:
New instruction manuals, schoolbooks, and court regulations dictated what was appropriate. For instance, in
432:
356:
336:(schools), and other places Muslims gather, have public sex-separated "ablution rooms" since Islam requires
3803:
1264:
7239:
7224:
6657:
4935:, Part 1: Strategy Tools, Section 4: Plan for Operational and Financial Sustainability, also available in
3357:
2680:
2549:
2188:
1754:
an open source website which offers lectures, workshops, and design guidelines for unisex public toilets.
1544:
Thorough cleaning and maintenance are important for public toilets. This task is usually performed by a "
1182:
733:, the United States has just 8 public toilets for every 100,000 people, a rate that ties the country with
302:
267:
3986:
Nirta, Caterina (August 3, 2014). "Trans Subjectivity and the Spatial Monolingualism of Public Toilets".
7194:
7095:
7045:
6807:
4730:
4083:
3621:
3508:
3467:
3263:
1860:
1807:
1700:
1385:
1136:
1039:
943:
787:
502:
389:
65:
4831:
4440:
126:, if present in a male toilet, are typically mounted on a wall with or without a divider between them.
3603:
30:
This article is about a room or building available for public use. For a room in a private house, see
7110:
6958:
6851:
6777:
6357:
6350:
5518:
4313:
1856:
1739:
1690:
1628:
1620:
1120:
1012:
657:
565:
223:
114:
35:
6380:
shows the location of more than 14,000 public and private public toilet facilities across Australia.
1427:; whereas a home toilet seat has a lid, a public toilet may or may not, and may not even have a seat
7285:
7209:
7060:
7004:
6767:
6632:
5178:
3671:
2747:
1211:
usually have some form of coin operated turnstile, or they have an attendant who collects the fee.
817:
718:
claimed to have "invented the hung wall for the w.c. (easier to clean under)" when he designed the
610:
6389:
1743:
1497:
406:
Another traditional type that has been modernized is the screened French street urinal known as a
7158:
6923:
6877:
6733:
6637:
6522:
6143:
6079:
5643:
5615:
5542:
4383:
4263:
Racism in the Nation's Service: Government Workers and the Color Line in Woodrow Wilson's America
4011:
3942:
3570:. Ontario, California: International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials: 34. 2009.
3251:
2381:
2275:
2222:
1959:
1616:
1545:
1457:
1446:
1434:
1124:
1035:
963:
890:
715:
653:
451:
274:
131:
5155:
4949:
4169:"BBC Arts - Hay Festival, 2019 - It really is a man's world: How everyday design excludes women"
1695:
915:
free, but on Fridays only. In the twentieth century, activist groups in the U.S., including the
5507:"Violence, gender and WASH: spurring action on a complex, under-documented and sensitive topic"
1272:
208:
6882:
6872:
6757:
6713:
6620:
6600:
6585:
6555:
6500:
6058:
6012:
5846:
5818:
5810:
5706:
5698:
5635:
5534:
5402:
5198:
5088:
5020:
4889:
4815:
4369:
4344:
4266:
4148:
4003:
3870:
3866:
3757:
3579:
3571:
3540:
3472:
3162:
2287:
2264:
1724:
1719:
1673:
1531:
Sometimes showers are also present, often with soap, shampoo, or similar dispensers (often at
1506:
1327:
975:
939:
903:
The lack of public toilets for females reflects their exclusion from the public sphere in the
877:
as creating a โurinary leashโ which restricts how far people can travel out from their homes.
843:
723:
458:
420:
373:
118:
4232:"The Architecture of Racial Segregation: The Challenges of Preserving the Problematical Past"
3208:
2274:
has funded several research projects for provision of community, shared or school toilets in
652:, the sanitary engineer, introduced public toilets, which he called "monkey closets", to the
7249:
7244:
7234:
7100:
6782:
6772:
6647:
6534:
6485:
5906:
5674:
5663:"Transgender college students more at risk for suicide when denied bathroom, housing rights"
5627:
5526:
5356:"'It's not safe': South Africans fear using public toilets after woman murdered - CBC Radio"
4982:
4879:
4869:
4243:
4079:
3995:
3934:
3243:
3159:
Little Vast Rooms of Undoing: Exploring Identity and Embodiment Thought Public Toilet Spaces
3120:
2517:
2177:
2070:
1840:
1649:
has led to major council cut-backs to public toilet provision, with knock-on effects on the
1603:
1516:
1031:
1025:
982:
730:
711:
703:
428:
317:
246:
230:
139:
1938:
548:
7019:
6978:
6973:
6892:
6846:
6677:
6652:
6626:
6615:
6580:
6539:
6091:
5772:
5749:
5616:"Impact of Bathroom Discrimination on Mental Health Among Transgender and Nonbinary Youth"
5205:
4395:
1711:
1485:
1476:
1366:
1301:
for males are common in public toilets as they are more space efficient than toilets (for
991:
649:
439:
297:
189:
151:
147:
127:
110:
46:
5662:
5482:"Afraid to use the toilet? These women are vulnerable to rape, attacks while in bathroom"
4756:
5560:
5522:
5318:
2881:
2855:
1586:
594:
in 1530 just outside a mosque's exterior courtyard wall which is still operating today.
403:
with water is also the cultural norm and easier to perform while squatting than seated.
253:" as it is in some parts of the United States. "Bathroom" is generally used to refer to
7275:
6823:
6512:
4884:
4857:
3446:
2120:
1947:
1855:, so some public street-level toilets began to make a feature of their visibility. The
1758:
1665:
1627:
to "spend a penny") The first pay toilet in the United States was installed in 1910 in
1522:
1450:
1236:
1140:
615:
498:
443:
184:
6374:
America's advocate for the availability of clean, safe, well designed public restrooms
4488:
469:
Public toilets have frequently been inaccessible to people with certain disabilities.
7269:
7219:
7090:
7014:
6913:
6817:
6570:
5910:
5788:
5647:
5631:
5374:"CNN - Suspect arrested in case of boy killed in public bathroom - November 16, 1998"
4462:
4015:
3946:
3938:
3532:
3398:
Kogan, Terry S. "Sex-Separation in Public Restrooms: Law, Architecture, and Gender."
3255:
2481:
2461:
1916:
1887:
1819:
1747:
1657:
1650:
1384:
An option for hand drying is usually provided next to the sink. This can be either a
1318:
1306:
1285:
1068:
920:
904:
851:
791:
683:
665:
643:
478:
396:
259:
31:
5546:
5269:
4564:"Statistics Show Exactly How Many Times Trans People Have Attacked You in Bathrooms"
3778:"Skip to the loo? Easier said than done as Britain loses hundreds of public toilets"
2701:"Flash from the Past: Hollywood glamour appears in Kitchener when the Capitol opens"
2290:
that a lack of basic privacy is a violation of fundamental rights. For example, the
41:
7173:
6994:
6887:
6856:
6831:
6762:
6728:
6708:
6703:
6610:
6565:
6517:
6470:
6465:
5373:
4954:
4778:"Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Standard Number: 1910.141(c)(1)(i)"
4640:"Trans people can be excluded from single-sex services if 'justifiable', says EHRC"
3418:
2628:
2580:
2259:
2250:
2242:
2214:
2210:
2206:
1903:
1871:
1557:
1549:
1430:
1336:
1323:
1310:
1112:
950:
898:
750:
639:
522:
494:
447:
400:
293:
143:
5952:"Starbucks changes bathroom policy after Philadelphia arrest: Anyone may use them"
4858:"The Hygienic Efficacy of Different Hand-Drying Methods: A Review of the Evidence"
1950:
movement, public toilets were amongst the few places where men too young to enter
340:
before prayer. These rooms normally adjoin the toilets, which are also subject to
5977:
5800:
5691:
5220:"From Jim Crow to transgender ban: the bathroom as battleground for civil rights"
4874:
4734:
4468:(Press release). Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). 4 January 1966
4194:"Workplace restroom policies in light of New Jersey's gender identity protection"
3904:"Social inclusion, toilet rights, and legal protection for transgender Americans"
2906:
2830:
2805:"Clean sweep: How digital solutions like e-toilets are taking on open-defecation"
838:
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Approved Code of Practice and Guidance L24
166:. In the most basic form, a public toilet may just be a street urinal known as a
7168:
7153:
7138:
7133:
7080:
6698:
6682:
6672:
6495:
6490:
5871:
5433:"Why access to decent toilets could help reduce sexual violence in South Africa"
4231:
3106:
2340:
1757:
In addition to accommodating transgender and gender non-conforming individuals,
1532:
1424:
1408:
1349:
1208:
1082:
995:
669:
635:
is reduced from 208 words in the 1729 edition, to 74 words in the 1774 edition.
5884:
3072:
1863:, designed by an Austrian artist and viewed as a tourist draw in a small town.
590:
in 1348, in London in 1383, and in Basel in 1455. A public toilet was built in
7229:
7178:
7163:
6999:
6812:
6797:
6667:
6662:
6595:
6130:
4755:. Australian Government: Department of Health and Ageing. 2006. Archived from
4540:"Tennessee is a few steps away from passing an anti-transgender bathroom bill"
3999:
3828:"The urinary leash: how the death of public toilets traps and trammels us all"
2675:
2584:
2477:
2345:
2234:
1852:
1837:
1824:
1794:
1778:
1738:, some initiatives have called for gender-neutral public toilets, also called
1623:, who invented a door lock requiring the insertion of a penny coin, hence the
1581:
1389:
1379:
1353:
1005:
931:
911:
490:
377:
289:
201:
159:
58:
6016:
5538:
5530:
5406:
4247:
4007:
3575:
2882:"UriLift Triple: retractable unit featuring 3 self-sanitising gents' urinals"
1085:, the ongoing discourse continues to have significant impacts on this group.
602:
increasingly required the removal of waste product from contact with others.
586:
By the Middle Ages public toilets became uncommon, with only few attested in
158:
of charge while others charge a fee. In the latter case they are also called
7148:
7075:
7040:
7024:
6963:
6943:
6897:
6692:
3697:"UK ministers to make single-sex toilets compulsory in new public buildings"
2632:
2588:
2533:
2445:
2173:
1933:
1844:
1715:
1624:
1608:
1591:
1388:(sometimes they have auto-sensors for touchless dispensing) or a mechanical
1331:
1302:
1116:
746:
624:
587:
533:
486:
463:
385:
163:
70:
6400:
5639:
5506:
4893:
2743:"Pinoy English guide: Amalayer, major major, weather weather, comfort room"
1965:
Sexual acts in public toilets are outlawed in many jurisdictions (e.g. the
1472:
Faucets (taps); some are at a lower level for children and wheelchair users
873:
toilet. The decline of the great British public toilet is described by the
517:
325:
6108:, June 2015. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
4080:"Six steps to stop violence against schoolgirls, Document ACT 77/008/2007"
3247:
2095:
1942:
Graffiti on the side of a cubicle in a male toilet. Sydney, Australia 2024
7128:
7065:
6933:
6560:
6450:
6195:"Doanh nghiแปp khแปn khแป vรฌ 'lร m cรกch mแบกng' nhร vแป sinh cรดng cแปng แป TP.HCM"
2984:
2497:
2397:
2299:
2238:
2129:
2079:
2054:
2029:
2004:
1955:
1815:
1611:
is believed to have begun charging his citizens to use toilet facilities
1108:
967:
734:
599:
591:
332:
254:
250:
74:
17:
6322:
6298:"Thanh Hรณa: ฤรนn ฤแบฉy quแบฃn lรฝ nhร vแป sinh cรดng cแปng, dรขn phรณng uแบฟ bแปซa bรฃi"
5693:
Prejudice and Pride: Discrimination Against Gay People in Modern Britain
5505:
Sommer, Marni; Ferron, Suzanne; Cavill, Sue; House, Sarah (2015-04-01).
5394:"How increasing the number of toilets can reduce violence against women"
4697:
4514:"A history of bathroom battles in the U.S.: Racism, sexism, transphobia"
3231:
1958:, and almost no public gay social groups were available for those under
664:
Underground public toilets were introduced in the United Kingdom in the
7143:
6928:
6792:
6738:
6718:
6642:
6605:
6575:
6480:
6475:
6119:
MEDS Convening 2018 - Conversations about Sanitation, SDGs and Research
5678:
4908:"Should men's restrooms have diaper changing tables? New bill says yes"
4416:"The Anti-Trans Bathroom Nightmare Has Its Roots in Racial Segregation"
2564:
2413:
2354:
2350:
2319:
2315:
2255:
2229:. Such situations are common in many parts of the world, especially in
2193:
1977:
1951:
1783:
1161:
during their work day. In the United States, the Department of Labor's
710:
A notable early example of a public toilet in the United States is the
553:
408:
361:
312:
168:
123:
6355:
Knowledge (XXG)'s health care articles can be viewed offline with the
2278:
since 2011, when they launched their "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge".
2145:
1818:, often of a transgressive, gossipy, or low-brow humorous nature (cf.
885:
395:
Public toilets may use seated toiletsโas in most Western countriesโor
6948:
6938:
6507:
6455:
6436:
2230:
1876:
1787:
1766:
1704:
1510:
1420:
1298:
1281:
767:
561:
482:
270:, refers to public toilets collectively as "away-from-home" toilets.
234:
217:
102:
98:
6220:
5926:"Starbucks chairman says coffee shop 'toilets are open to everyone'"
2104:
1290:
642:
had been invented in 1596, but it did not gain popularity until the
6004:"Lack of toilets and water at school puts girls' education at risk"
5585:"When A Transgender Person Uses A Public Bathroom, Who Is At Risk?"
5075:"The smelly, snobbish death of the public loo | the Spectator"
4314:"Driving While Black: The Car and Race Relations in Modern America"
3161:. London & New York: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 71โ91.
2646:
Welsh Dragon Bar, Wellington, New Zealand; formerly a public toilet
824:
or other medical condition requiring immediate access to a toilet.
6460:
4055:"The unexpected link between access to toilets and women's rights"
2907:"Amsterdam is home to the world's first retractable female toilet"
2513:
2187:
1870:
1801:
1793:
1777:
1694:
1595:
1496:
1407:
1289:
1271:
1263:
1176:
1055:. These requirements were extended to all public buildings by the
884:
547:
539:
527:
516:
367:
355:
292:"W.C.", an abbreviation for "water closet", an older term for the
207:
195:
183:
64:
50:
40:
5614:
Price-Feeney, Myeshia; Green, Amy E.; Dorison, Samuel H. (2021).
5457:"Creating safe and empowering public spaces with women and girls"
4655:"Stalled Out: How Social Bias is Segregating America's Bathrooms"
5089:"Council could close 'cottaging' toilets in Lincoln city centre"
2246:
2200:
1553:
337:
106:
6409:
2221:
The situation of inadequate school toilets violates children's
1150:. Therefore, the Department of Health and Ageing maintains the
6377:
6371:
5244:
5017:
The Rise of the Indian Rope Trick, (The Biography of a Legend)
4932:
4590:"Debunking The Big Myth About Transgender-Inclusive Bathrooms"
3414:"The Glamorous, Sexist History of the Women's Restroom Lounge"
1714:. In many cultures, this separation is so characteristic that
1509:(almost exclusively in public toilets for males; although see
446:
or store the waste in a holding tank until it is emptied by a
280:
Some European languages use words cognate with "toilet" (e.g.
54:
4679:"Give us a (Loo) break!" (8 March 2010) Trade Union Congress
3747:"The Restroom Revolution: Unisex toilets and campus politics"
3625:
3604:"The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992"
2563:
Inside of cubicle in public toilet in informal settlement in
607:
Galateo: or, A Treatise on Politeness and Delicacy of Manners
424:
Netherlands, which now also offers pop-up toilets for women.
277:, "comfort room", or "C.R.", is the most common term in use.
6365:
5754:
Cottaging and cruising: your safety, your rights and the law
4366:
Toilet. ; Public Restrooms and the Politics of Sharing
3468:"S. Africa Abolishes 1953 Law Segregating Public Amenities"
942:. Risk of sexual assault is high, in India as high as 50%.
454:
require removal of the container to a composting facility.
117:, especially for small or single-occupancy public toilets,
6405:
2856:"London's West End: Man crushed by telescopic urinal dies"
481:, a public toilet can provide far more than access to the
6273:"Lรบng tรบng trong viแปc xแปญ phแบกt hร nh vi "phรณng uแบฟ" bแปซa bรฃi"
6221:"Noi-am-anh-nha-ve-sinh-cong-congTin, แบฃnh clip video tin"
4856:
Huang, Cunrui; Ma, Wenjun; Stack, Susan (1 August 2012).
4680:
3121:"Visit the oldest public toilet in Bosnia - Touring Bird"
1479:, pump bottles or auto dispensers (not commonly supplied)
1453:
and be subject to special regulations concerning disposal
6394:
5319:"Latrinalia - Learning From the Scrawls in the Bathroom"
5292:"Are changing tables in all public men's restrooms now?"
1619:, or by a coin-operated turnstile or cubicle door. (see
629:
Les rรจgles de la biensรฉance et de la civilitรฉ Chrรฉtienne
544:
The wash-basins of a 19th-century facility, still in use
3722:"Toilet provision for men and women: call for evidence"
1699:
Gender neutral toilet sign at department of sociology,
1674:
take them back into the control of the public authority
1063:
Access for transgender and gender non-conforming people
957:
Access for African-American people (racial segregation)
834:
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
790:
in the U.S., sex separation is a legal mandate via the
509:(CPTED) are not applied in the design of the facility.
388:, which first became popular in France. As part of its
5134:"Inconvenienced: how the cuts have hit public toilets"
5111:"Public toilets face closure amid sordid sex sessions"
4288:"Black Highways: Thirty Years Ago We Didn't Dare Stop"
4106:"Why queues for women's toilets are longer than men's"
6051:
Prioritizing pupils' education, health and well-being
5175:"Operators shouldn't get potty over bathroom symbols"
2603:
Instructions posted in women's public toilet, Germany
1235:
Modern public toilets often have a service entrance,
5208:
at Adept Safety Online (informative commercial site)
3754:
Toilet: Public Restrooms and the Politics of Sharing
3537:
Toilet: public restrooms and the politics of sharing
3102:"Das groรe Latrinum: 155 Jahre รถffentliche Toilette"
3041:
Toilet: Public Restrooms and the Politics of Sharing
2933:"Explosion may have caused pop-up urinal to elevate"
2615:
Gents' toilets in Harrods department store in London
222:
Public toilets are known by many names in different
27:
Room or building with toilets for the general public
7187:
7121:
7033:
6987:
6906:
6865:
6748:
6548:
6443:
6121:. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
5431:Gibbs, Andrew; Reddy, Tarylee (17 September 2020).
4265:. University of North Carolina. pp. 117, 119.
1798:
Graffiti at Meilahti Ylรคaste Helsinki Finland. 2006
1154:to enable the public to find the closest facility.
1022:
1954 court ruling against segregated public schools
521:Public toilet remnants from Ancient Roman times in
338:
specific procedures for cleansing parts of the body
6133:, European Court of Human Rights, 15 December 2015
6002:
5392:
4615:"Stop Using Women's Safety To Justify Transphobia"
998:of the car. This treatment led to the creation of
753:, public toilets were usually segregated by race.
237:. "Comfort station" sometimes refers to a visitor
5697:by Bruce Galloway; Published by Routledge, 1983;
4441:"Younge, Samuel ("Sammy") Leamon Jr. (1944โ1966)"
4131:"Why women wait longer for the bathroom than men"
3187:The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500-1800
2237:, but also in other regions. For example, in the
1810:, seen as a tourist attraction in their own right
212:Entrance to an underground public toilet in Japan
6247:"Hร Nแปi: Nhร vแป sinh cรดng cแปng bแบฅt cแบญp ฤแปง ฤฦฐแปng"
6169:"Nhร vแป sinh cรดng cแปng - tฦฐแปng nhแป mร khรดng nhแป"
5874:. Range: 1F680โ1F6FF. (accessed 6 November 2012)
4723:Journal of Public Management & Social Policy
3672:"Government Response to Public Toilet Provision"
1668:are. The toilets may fall under the category of
1252:must be used for all such electrical equipment.
1026:desegregation of Little Rock Central High School
3400:Michigan Journal of Gender & Law; Ann Arbor
3232:""The First Public Toilet?: Rose Street, Soho""
2368:Typical male public toilet in the United States
857:
532:Example of a book that explained proper public
6323:"Khi nhร vแป sinh cรดng cแปng thiแบฟu nghiรชm trแปng"
4832:"Show Me the Science โ How to Wash Your Hands"
1910:A study conducted by the UCLA School of Law's
1814:Public toilets have long been associated with
1560:, and other necessary items are kept stocked.
1139:found that 54% of its respondents (located in
6421:
6368:Campaigning for Better Public Toilets for All
4364:Molotch, ed. by Harvey; Norรฉn, Laura (2010).
2286:It is today accepted in the countries of the
1980:provides several symbols for public toilets.
1647:United Kingdom government austerity programme
1107:lead to substantial problems for people with
627:literature; for example, the same passage in
507:Crime prevention through environmental design
154:are often available at large outdoor events.
8:
5887:Range: 2600โ26FF. (accessed 6 November 2012)
4343:. Harvard University Press. pp. 75โ76.
4153:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3756:. New York City: New York University Press.
3513:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3096:
3094:
3092:
3039:Molotch, Harvey; Noren, Laura, eds. (2010).
1602:Toilets that require the user to pay may be
850:In 2022 the UK Government Equality Minister
614:disagreeable thoughts in people.โ Historian
6397:Volunteer advocacy group for public toilets
6390:Needaloo The Uk Online Disabled Loo Locator
6043:
6041:
6039:
6037:
5173:Michael, Jane; Michael Stern (1999-09-13).
3752:. In Molotch, Harvey; Norรฉn, Laura (eds.).
3535:. In Molotch, Harvey; Norรฉn, Laura (eds.).
3268:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1734:In the 21st century, with support from the
1305:). Urinals in public toilets are common in
1094:Health problems from lack of public toilets
994:(a sort of bucket-like arrangement) in the
699:spurred the development of public toilets.
300:, such as Russian and Belarusian, the term
6428:
6414:
6406:
5899:Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services
5866:
5864:
5177:. Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from
5156:"Let's privatise the loos. Yes, seriously"
4836:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3886:"Why Don't We Have Pay Toilets in America"
1294:A trough urinal in a male public restroom.
501:(e.g. refilling water bottles), attend to
4883:
4873:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3539:. New York: NYU Press. pp. 145โ164.
3526:
3524:
1750:, and legal scholar Terry Kogan launched
1326:for users of urinals is specifically the
150:usually provide toilets for general use.
5042:"Pay toilet movement attacks capitalism"
4950:"Pay-Per-Poop: A History of Pay Toilets"
3442:"Where Did All the Public Bathrooms Go?"
1982:
1937:
1921:National Center for Transgender Equality
1585:
1132:National Center for Transgender Equality
5040:Gruenstein, Peter (September 4, 1975).
4368:. New York: New York University Press.
4318:Automobile in American Life and Society
3284:"Tales of the toilet: a historical AโZ"
2692:
2496:Public toilet at Jozankei Hot Springs,
2329:
1594:, a freestanding, free toilet stall in
1057:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
917:Committee to End Pay Toilets in America
119:public toilets are sometimes accessible
7200:History of water supply and sanitation
7086:Sulabh International Museum of Toilets
6378:Australia's National Public Toilet Map
6087:
6077:
5978:"Why children are drowning in toilets"
5342:Inclusive Urban Design: Public Toilets
4692:
4690:
4688:
4508:
4506:
4487:Summerlin, Donnie (2 September 2008).
4409:
4407:
4405:
4391:
4381:
4146:
3974:Inclusive Urban Design: Public Toilets
3506:
3261:
3180:
3178:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3067:
3065:
2960:"The loo that rises out of the ground"
2850:
2848:
2066:public toilet or unisex public toilet
1076:having occurred in the past. The UK's
889:Section and plan of public toilets in
570:History of water supply and sanitation
111:separated into male and female toilets
5561:"Target 6.2 โ Sanitation and hygiene"
4927:
4925:
4814:. Geneva: World Health Organization,
3330:
3328:
3305:
3303:
1893:Seocho-dong public toilet murder case
1664:is provided by a contractor, just as
1615:74 AD. The payment may be taken by a
966:included public toilets, mandated by
7:
4661:from the original on August 18, 2017
3480:from the original on 16 October 2012
3189:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1540:Cleaning, maintenance and management
1078:Equality and Human Rights Commission
497:, use the mirrors for grooming, get
7255:Workers' right to access the toilet
7205:Human right to water and sanitation
5835:Kirchick, James (1 November 2009).
5218:La Ganga, Maria L (30 March 2016).
4812:Guidelines on Sanitation and Health
4439:Bourlin, Olga (30 September 2014).
4286:Milloy, Courtland (June 21, 1987).
3622:"Health and Safety Executive Books"
3561:"2009 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE, 412.3"
3412:Yuko, Elizabeth (3 December 2018).
3358:"Apple Daily Shek Kip Mei was fire"
3010:"What are Changing Places Toilets?"
2683:, a method of professional cleaning
2304:European Convention on Human Rights
2272:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
1046:Access for people with disabilities
804:Workers' right to access the toilet
798:Toilets for employees and customers
459:wheelchair-accessible public toilet
360:Squat toilet at a train station in
6837:Toilet-related injuries and deaths
6144:"ฤแป mแบฏt tรฌm nhร vแป sinh cรดng cแปng"
6057:. WHO Regional Office for Europe.
5595:from the original on April 9, 2018
4993:from the original on March 3, 2024
4983:"The Rise and Fall of Pay Toilets"
4962:from the original on June 30, 2024
2548:Sinks in the public toilet of the
1867:Drugs, vandalism and violent crime
1848:, using felt-tip pen scribblings.
1475:Antiseptic hand-wash dispenser or
1053:Architectural Barriers Act of 1968
1017:Fair Employment Practice Committee
25:
7051:Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue
5724:David Northmore (11 April 1998).
5113:. Loughborough Echo. 4 March 2009
5019:(1 ed.). Time Warner Books.
4782:United States Department of Labor
4653:Wheeling, Kate (August 4, 2017).
4129:Jones, Nicole Raucheisen, Benji.
4104:O'Dwyer, Lisel (23 August 2018).
3647:"The Provision Of Public Toilets"
2775:"Public Toilets Around the World"
1435:often within a lockable dispenser
1412:A dispenser of toilet seat covers
581:sanitation system of ancient Rome
97:is a room or small building with
7215:Infection prevention and control
6349:
5924:Harriet Agerholm (11 May 2018).
5911:10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.01.005
5632:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.11.001
5298:. American Academy of Pediatrics
5290:Navsaria, Dipesh (7 June 2019).
4981:Tracey, Liz (December 8, 2016).
3939:10.1111/j.1939-3881.2008.00004.x
2958:Freeman, Colin (12 April 2012).
2651:
2639:
2620:
2608:
2596:
2572:
2556:
2541:
2525:
2505:
2489:
2469:
2453:
2437:
2421:
2405:
2389:
2373:
2361:
2332:
2258:; in the case of girls, lack of
2144:
2119:
2094:
2069:
2044:
2019:
1859:block is a colourful example in
579:Public toilets were part of the
320:by the name of a Roman Emperor:
188:A "washroom" (public toilet) at
6803:Privatization of public toilets
6023:from the original on 2022-01-12
5413:from the original on 2022-01-12
4749:"About the National Toilet Map"
4596:from the original on 2015-03-31
3884:Gordon, Aaron (June 14, 2017).
2715:"Away from home toilet charter"
2162:Toilets in particular locations
2116:disabled accessible facilities
1641:Privatization of public toilets
1501:A foldable changing table, open
1404:In the lockable cubicle (stall)
1276:Male urinals without partitions
1159:legal rights to access a toilet
875:Royal Society for Public Health
342:Muslim hygienical jurisprudence
6131:"CASE OF SZAFRAลSKI v. POLAND"
5805:by William Leap; Published by
5391:Rigby, Jennifer (2019-06-10).
5268:Devine, Shannon (2004-03-11).
5132:Dunnico, David (1 June 2014).
4948:Ossea, Ken (August 13, 2021).
4933:Public Toilet Advocacy Toolkit
3440:Yuko, Elizabeth (2021-11-05).
2831:"Street toilets go telescopic"
2532:Public toilets near cinema in
2292:European Court of Human Rights
1456:Dispenser for flushable paper
1315:Islamic toilet etiquette rules
1181:Public toilet in city park in
1163:Occupational Health and Safety
720:Larkin Administration Building
162:and sometimes have a charging
1:
6372:American Restroom Association
5976:Fihlani, Pumza (2018-06-04).
5160:Institute of Economic Affairs
4592:. Media Matters for America.
4491:. The Encyclopedia of Alabama
4414:Frank, Gillian (2015-11-10).
3379:"Hong Kong Housing Authority"
3336:"Hong Kong toilet revolution"
3230:Penner26-30, Barbara (2013).
2412:Traditional squat toilets in
2227:right to water and sanitation
1612:
1001:The Negro Motorist Green Book
729:According to a 2021 study by
288:(tualet) in Russian), or the
69:A public toilet at a park in
7071:Public toilets in Bratislava
6001:Gulland, Anne (2018-08-27).
5620:Journal of Adolescent Health
5511:Environment and Urbanization
4875:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019
4538:Lopez, German (2016-04-07).
4230:Weyeneth, Robert R. (2005).
3859:Yale Law & Policy Review
2444:Trough closet cubicles in a
1907:situations (indicator 6.2).
1670:privately owned public space
1449:; this may be classified as
1445:sanitary protection bin for
1268:Male urinals with partitions
6741:(combined toilet and bidet)
6358:Medical Knowledge (XXG) app
6329:(in Vietnamese). 2023-03-20
6304:(in Vietnamese). 2023-03-26
6193:thanhnien.vn (2023-02-09).
6175:(in Vietnamese). 2023-02-08
6150:(in Vietnamese). 2008-03-07
5950:Zlati Meyer (11 May 2018).
5766:Kingston Hospital NHS Trust
2396:Roadside squat toilet near
2298:(2015) that the forcing of
1736:transgender rights movement
1482:Mirror (usually over sinks)
1467:At the point of handwashing
832:In the United Kingdom, the
786:In jurisdictions using the
255:the room in a person's home
7317:
6842:Toilet Revolution in China
6366:British Toilet Association
2722:British Toilet Association
2670:National Public Toilet Map
2339:Gents toilets inspired by
2198:
1931:
1688:
1638:
1635:Privatization and closures
1579:
1377:
1279:
1152:National Public Toilet Map
896:
855:evidence to be submitted:
822:inflammatory bowel disease
801:
559:
215:
29:
5872:Transport and Map Symbols
5807:Columbia University Press
5344:. Routledge. p. 255.
4000:10.1007/s10978-014-9141-9
3890:Pacific Standard Magazine
3745:Gershenson, Olga (2010).
3402:14.1 (2007): 1โ57. Print.
3157:Blumenthal, Dara (2014).
2658:Toilet sign / AIGA badges
2152:
1710:Public toilets are often
1598:.(formerly coin-operated)
1224:World Health Organization
1111:problems, people who are
714:. The American architect
633:Jean-Baptiste de la Salle
172:, after the French term.
7106:Toilets in New York City
7056:Modern Toilet Restaurant
6788:Islamic toilet etiquette
6271:congly.vn (2017-02-11).
5789:Sexual Offences Act 2003
5531:10.1177/0956247814564528
5057:– via Google News.
4463:"Murdered: Sammy Younge"
4320:. University of Michigan
4248:10.1525/tph.2005.27.4.11
3185:Stone, Lawrence (1977).
3054:Penner, Barbara (2013).
2985:"Retractable facilities"
1967:Sexual Offences Act 2003
1884:against these problems.
1851:As graffiti merged into
1782:Graffiti at a toilet in
1746:, transgender historian
1525:or odour control systems
1442:"Pull-down" purse holder
972:Civil Rights Act of 1964
346:Islamic toilet etiquette
7010:Fecal sludge management
6969:Urine collection device
6954:Urinal deodorizer block
6919:Female urination device
6384:Public Toilets Database
6245:Trรญ, Dรขn (2017-03-12).
5791:, part 1, paragraph 71,
5661:Sutton, Halley (2016).
5047:The Beaver County Times
4862:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
4753:The National Toilet Map
3963:. Reaktion Books, 2013.
1919:). A 2015 study by the
1774:Graffiti and street art
1729:passenger train toilets
1685:Unisex (gender neutral)
1660:the toilets, so that a
1656:Another response is to
1546:public toilet attendant
1250:residual-current device
477:As an "away-from-home"
433:out-of-home advertising
316:) are known in several
45:A public toilet on the
7240:Sustainable sanitation
7225:Reuse of human excreta
6327:Bรกo ฤiแปn tแปญ Tiแปn Phong
5885:Miscellaneous Symbols.
5667:Campus Security Report
4702:2022 U.S. Trans Survey
4681:https://www.tuc.org.uk
4339:Wright, Gavin (2013).
4192:Griffin, C.J. (2009).
3608:www.legislation.gov.uk
3043:. New York: NYU Press.
2681:Spray-and-vac cleaning
2550:Queensland Art Gallery
2476:An outhouse toilet in
2196:
2091:baby changing station
1943:
1880:
1811:
1799:
1791:
1707:
1599:
1502:
1413:
1295:
1277:
1269:
1186:
894:
862:
762:Mandatory requirements
557:
545:
537:
525:
380:
365:
268:Loo of the Year Awards
213:
205:
193:
78:
62:
7195:Ecological sanitation
7096:Toilet History Museum
7046:Hundertwasser Toilets
6988:Feces-related aspects
6907:Urine-related aspects
6808:Swachh Bharat Mission
5340:Greed, Clara (2007).
4084:Amnesty International
3568:Uniform Plumbing Code
3531:Kogan, Terry (2010).
3248:10.1353/vcr.2013.0011
2989:Pop-up Toilet Company
2886:Pop-up Toilet Company
2428:Modern sit toilet in
2380:Public toilet at the
2199:Further information:
2191:
1941:
1874:
1861:Kawakawa, New Zealand
1808:Hundertwasser Toilets
1805:
1797:
1781:
1740:unisex public toilets
1701:Gothenburg University
1698:
1589:
1500:
1411:
1386:paper towel dispenser
1378:Further information:
1293:
1275:
1267:
1180:
1148:Australian population
1115:or going through the
1040:Civil Rights Movement
944:Amnesty International
924:all-male profession.
897:Further information:
888:
802:Further information:
788:Uniform Plumbing Code
562:Toilet ยง History
560:Further information:
551:
543:
531:
520:
431:contract between the
371:
359:
330:in Italian. Mosques,
216:Further information:
211:
199:
187:
68:
47:Boise River Greenbelt
44:
7111:Bryant Park restroom
6959:Urinal (health care)
6778:Honeywagon (vehicle)
5802:Public Sex/gay Space
5362:. November 15, 2016.
5091:. BBC. 2 August 2014
4236:The Public Historian
3311:"Apple Daily toilet"
3288:www.historyextra.com
3073:"Historical Context"
2512:Public toilets near
2296:Szafraลski v. Poland
2276:developing countries
1857:Hundertwasser toilet
1691:Unisex public toilet
1629:Terre Haute, Indiana
1621:John Nevil Maskelyne
1130:A 2015 study by the
1034:, then a student at
658:The Great Exhibition
566:Unisex public toilet
306:(ัะฐะฝัะทะตะป; short for
224:varieties of English
36:Public Toilet (film)
34:. For the film, see
7210:Improved sanitation
7061:National Poo Museum
7005:Defecation postures
6866:Jobs and activities
6768:Bathroom privileges
6724:Urine-diverting dry
6251:Bรกo ฤiแปn tแปญ Dรขn Trรญ
5523:2015EnUrb..27..105S
5296:HealthyChildren.org
5270:"Inclusive toilets"
4292:The Washington Post
4034:blogs.worldbank.org
3476:. 15 October 1990.
3211:on October 25, 2016
3125:www.touringbird.com
2809:hindustantimes.com/
2773:Mulrooney, Thomas.
2748:The Philippine STAR
2201:WASH ยง Schools
1725:aircraft lavatories
1680:Society and culture
1571:Costs and economics
1417:Toilet cubicle door
1374:Hand drying options
1319:Urinals for females
1204:Coin operated entry
1183:Tomaszรณw Mazowiecki
818:Restroom Access Act
611:Giovanni della Casa
556:in Montrรฉal, Quebec
218:Toilet ยง Names
192:in Toronto, Ontario
7159:Groom of the Stool
6924:Interactive urinal
6878:Restroom attendant
5849:on 10 October 2009
5771:2013-10-04 at the
5748:2013-10-05 at the
5679:10.1002/casr.30167
5204:2012-04-16 at the
4489:"Samuel Younge Jr"
4394:has generic name (
4312:Sugrue, Thomas J.
4201:Rutgers Law Review
3976:. Routledge, 2007.
3652:. House of Commons
2785:on 1 November 2013
2384:has recorded music
2382:Vienna State Opera
2223:right to education
2197:
1973:Symbols in unicode
1960:legal drinking age
1944:
1912:Williams Institute
1881:
1812:
1800:
1792:
1708:
1617:bathroom attendant
1600:
1503:
1458:toilet seat covers
1447:menstrual products
1414:
1296:
1278:
1270:
1187:
1137:DC Trans Coalition
1125:fecal incontinence
1119:, and people with
1036:Tuskegee Institute
970:laws prior to the
964:Racial segregation
895:
891:Charing Cross Road
881:Access for females
865:Equality of access
716:Frank Lloyd Wright
558:
546:
538:
526:
452:composting toilets
381:
366:
275:Philippine English
214:
206:
194:
79:
63:
7296:Social inequality
7263:
7262:
6883:Sanitation worker
6873:Manual scavenging
6501:Toilet seat riser
5823:978-0-231-10691-7
5711:978-0-7100-9916-7
5317:Palazzolo, Rose.
5272:. McGill Reporter
4820:978-92-4-151470-5
4341:Sharing the Prize
3959:Penner, Barbara.
3804:"Taking the P***"
3763:978-0-8147-6120-5
3473:Los Angeles Times
3205:Oxford Dictionary
3168:978-1-78348-034-0
3058:. Reaktion Books.
2939:. 1 December 2014
2862:. 27 January 2023
2833:. 1 November 2002
2703:. 16 August 2019.
2591:, the Netherlands
2579:Public toilet by
2460:Public toilet in
2288:Council of Europe
2192:School toilet in
2159:
2158:
2113:WHEELCHAIR SYMBOL
1328:standing position
1307:Western countries
1237:utilities passage
1032:Samuel Younge Jr.
1024:which led to the
976:African-Americans
940:menstrual hygiene
844:Local authorities
724:Buffalo, New York
638:The first modern
503:menstrual hygiene
421:telescopic toilet
374:telescopic urinal
318:Romance languages
180:Alternative names
142:vehicles such as
128:Local authorities
16:(Redirected from
7308:
7250:World Toilet Day
7245:Waste management
7235:Sewage treatment
7122:Historical terms
7101:Toilets in Japan
6783:Incontinence pad
6773:Bathroom reading
6535:Toilet rim block
6523:Holder/dispenser
6486:Electronic bidet
6430:
6423:
6416:
6407:
6353:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6140:
6134:
6128:
6122:
6115:
6109:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6089:
6085:
6083:
6075:
6073:
6067:. Archived from
6056:
6045:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6006:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5894:
5888:
5881:
5875:
5868:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5845:. Archived from
5837:"Cruise Control"
5832:
5826:
5798:
5792:
5786:
5780:
5763:
5757:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5721:
5715:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5626:(6): 1142โ1147.
5611:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5437:The Conversation
5428:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5396:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5215:
5209:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4958:. Minute Media.
4945:
4939:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4877:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4828:
4822:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4694:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4510:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4467:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4411:
4400:
4399:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4379:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4261:Yellin, Eric S.
4258:
4252:
4251:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4198:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4110:The Conversation
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4026:
4020:
4019:
3988:Law and Critique
3983:
3977:
3970:
3964:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3906:. 31 August 2016
3900:
3894:
3893:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3854:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3751:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3624:. Archived from
3618:
3612:
3611:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3578:. Archived from
3565:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3533:"Sex Separation"
3528:
3519:
3518:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3409:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3259:
3236:Victorian Review
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3207:. Archived from
3197:
3191:
3190:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3154:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3117:
3111:
3098:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3020:on 23 April 2017
3016:. Archived from
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2964:Evening Standard
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2781:. Archived from
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2751:. Archived from
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2655:
2643:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2576:
2560:
2545:
2529:
2518:Himachal Pradesh
2509:
2493:
2473:
2457:
2441:
2425:
2409:
2393:
2377:
2365:
2336:
2178:racial profiling
2167:Shopping centres
2148:
2132:
2123:
2107:
2098:
2082:
2073:
2057:
2048:
2032:
2023:
2007:
1983:
1841:Broadway musical
1712:separated by sex
1614:
1604:street furniture
1517:Vending machines
1360:Cisterns (tanks)
1330:. Compared with
1313:, partly due to
1311:Muslim countries
983:Courtland Milloy
910:The practice of
712:Old School Privy
704:Ladies Rest Room
682:public toilets (
592:Ottoman Sarajevo
495:wash their hands
429:street furniture
298:Slavic languages
247:Canadian English
231:American English
152:Portable toilets
140:public transport
21:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7291:Equality rights
7266:
7265:
7264:
7259:
7183:
7117:
7029:
7020:Open defecation
6983:
6979:Urine diversion
6974:Urine deflector
6902:
6893:Toilet training
6861:
6847:Toilet Twinning
6750:
6744:
6695:(self-cleaning)
6658:Passenger train
6591:Container-based
6544:
6439:
6434:
6362:
6354:
6346:
6341:
6332:
6330:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6307:
6305:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6282:
6280:
6279:(in Vietnamese)
6270:
6269:
6265:
6256:
6254:
6253:(in Vietnamese)
6244:
6243:
6239:
6230:
6228:
6227:(in Vietnamese)
6218:
6217:
6213:
6204:
6202:
6201:(in Vietnamese)
6192:
6191:
6187:
6178:
6176:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6153:
6151:
6148:TUOI TRE ONLINE
6142:
6141:
6137:
6129:
6125:
6116:
6112:
6103:
6099:
6086:
6076:
6074:on Sep 1, 2022.
6071:
6065:
6064:9-789289-052009
6054:
6047:
6046:
6035:
6026:
6024:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5986:
5984:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5960:
5958:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5934:
5932:
5930:The Independent
5923:
5922:
5918:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5882:
5878:
5869:
5862:
5852:
5850:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5799:
5795:
5787:
5783:
5777:Sex and the law
5773:Wayback Machine
5764:
5760:
5750:Wayback Machine
5741:
5737:
5730:The Independent
5723:
5722:
5718:
5690:
5686:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5598:
5596:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5569:
5567:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5490:
5488:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5465:
5463:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5441:
5439:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5416:
5414:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5378:edition.cnn.com
5372:
5371:
5367:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5324:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5301:
5299:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5275:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5253:
5251:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5228:
5226:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5206:Wayback Machine
5197:
5193:
5184:
5182:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5052:
5050:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5011:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4930:
4923:
4913:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4841:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4762:
4760:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4706:
4704:
4696:
4695:
4686:
4678:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4622:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4599:
4597:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4573:
4571:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4546:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4443:. BlackPast.org
4438:
4437:
4433:
4424:
4422:
4413:
4412:
4403:
4390:
4380:
4376:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4321:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4294:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4177:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4089:
4087:
4086:. November 2007
4078:
4077:
4073:
4064:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4039:
4037:
4036:. 14 April 2017
4028:
4027:
4023:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3971:
3967:
3958:
3954:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3856:
3855:
3846:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3812:
3810:
3808:www.rsph.org.uk
3801:
3800:
3796:
3787:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3728:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3631:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3505:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3292:
3290:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3260:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3201:"Retiring room"
3199:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3156:
3155:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3014:Changing Places
3008:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2913:. 25 March 2016
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2811:. 24 March 2018
2803:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2779:Plumbworld News
2772:
2771:
2767:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2647:
2644:
2635:
2625:
2616:
2613:
2604:
2601:
2592:
2577:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2546:
2537:
2530:
2521:
2510:
2501:
2494:
2485:
2474:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2442:
2433:
2430:Beijing Airport
2426:
2417:
2410:
2401:
2394:
2385:
2378:
2369:
2366:
2357:
2337:
2328:
2312:
2284:
2203:
2186:
2169:
2164:
2128:
2103:
2078:
2053:
2041:women's toilet
2028:
2003:
1975:
1936:
1930:
1869:
1776:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1666:private prisons
1643:
1637:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1542:
1495:
1486:Waste container
1477:soap dispensers
1469:
1406:
1398:
1382:
1376:
1367:flushing trough
1362:
1345:
1309:but less so in
1288:
1280:Main articles:
1262:
1245:
1233:
1217:
1206:
1197:
1192:
1175:
1096:
1091:
1065:
1048:
992:portable toilet
987:Washington Post
959:
901:
883:
867:
830:
814:
806:
800:
781:
776:
764:
759:
743:
696:
679:
650:George Jennings
577:
572:
515:
475:
440:portable toilet
354:
220:
190:York University
182:
146:, ferries, and
115:some are unisex
91:public bathroom
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7314:
7312:
7304:
7303:
7301:Women's health
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7281:Public toilets
7278:
7268:
7267:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7037:
7035:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6828:
6827:
6824:Skibidi Toilet
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6754:
6752:
6751:policy aspects
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6624:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6515:
6513:Toilet cleaner
6510:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6447:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6401:Urinal Dot Net
6398:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:External links
6342:
6340:
6339:
6314:
6289:
6263:
6237:
6219:thanhnien.vn.
6211:
6185:
6160:
6135:
6123:
6110:
6097:
6088:|website=
6063:
6033:
5993:
5968:
5942:
5916:
5889:
5876:
5860:
5827:
5793:
5781:
5758:
5735:
5716:
5684:
5653:
5606:
5576:
5565:sdg6monitoring
5552:
5517:(1): 105โ116.
5497:
5472:
5448:
5423:
5383:
5365:
5347:
5332:
5309:
5282:
5260:
5236:
5210:
5191:
5165:
5162:. 31 May 2016.
5147:
5124:
5102:
5080:
5066:
5060:
5032:
5025:
5004:
4973:
4940:
4937:SuSanA library
4931:PHLUSH (2015)
4921:
4910:. 25 June 2014
4899:
4868:(8): 791โ798.
4848:
4823:
4803:
4794:
4769:
4740:
4713:
4698:"USTS Reports"
4684:
4672:
4645:
4631:
4606:
4588:Maza, Carlos.
4580:
4570:. 2 April 2015
4555:
4530:
4502:
4479:
4454:
4431:
4420:Slate Magazine
4401:
4375:978-0814795897
4374:
4356:
4349:
4331:
4304:
4278:
4271:
4253:
4222:
4210:
4184:
4160:
4121:
4096:
4071:
4046:
4021:
3994:(3): 271โ288.
3978:
3972:Greed, Clara.
3965:
3952:
3927:Cross Currents
3917:
3895:
3876:
3865:(1): 227โ297.
3844:
3819:
3794:
3769:
3762:
3737:
3713:
3688:
3663:
3638:
3613:
3595:
3552:
3545:
3520:
3501:J Water Health
3491:
3459:
3447:Bloomberg News
3432:
3404:
3391:
3370:
3349:
3324:
3299:
3275:
3222:
3192:
3174:
3167:
3136:
3112:
3110:, 22 June 2007
3088:
3061:
3046:
3031:
3001:
2976:
2950:
2924:
2898:
2873:
2844:
2822:
2796:
2765:
2734:
2706:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2672:(in Australia)
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2638:
2636:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2511:
2504:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2360:
2358:
2338:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2311:
2308:
2283:
2280:
2218:provide soap.
2185:
2182:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2141:public toilet
2139:
2136:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1971:
1948:gay liberation
1932:Main article:
1929:
1926:
1868:
1865:
1775:
1772:
1759:gender-neutral
1703:, Gothenburg,
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1639:Main article:
1636:
1633:
1580:Main article:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1523:Air fresheners
1520:
1514:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1451:clinical waste
1443:
1440:
1437:
1428:
1418:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1396:Other fixtures
1394:
1375:
1372:
1361:
1358:
1344:
1341:
1261:
1258:
1244:
1241:
1232:
1231:Service access
1229:
1216:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1195:Doorless entry
1193:
1191:
1188:
1174:
1171:
1141:Washington, DC
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Health aspects
1087:
1069:bathroom bills
1064:
1061:
1047:
1044:
1011:Following the
958:
955:
882:
879:
866:
863:
829:
828:United Kingdom
826:
813:
810:
799:
796:
780:
777:
775:
774:Sex separation
772:
763:
760:
758:
755:
742:
739:
695:
692:
678:
675:
654:Crystal Palace
616:Lawrence Stone
576:
573:
514:
511:
499:drinking water
493:. People also
474:
471:
401:anal cleansing
353:
350:
324:in French and
308:sanitarny uzel
239:welcome center
181:
178:
138:long distance
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7313:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7220:Public health
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7186:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7120:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7091:Toilet (room)
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7032:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7015:Flying toilet
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6914:Female urinal
6912:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6852:Unisex public
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6826:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6818:Toilet humour
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6747:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6541:
6540:Trap (U-bend)
6538:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6431:
6426:
6424:
6419:
6417:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6352:
6343:
6328:
6324:
6318:
6315:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6290:
6278:
6274:
6267:
6264:
6252:
6248:
6241:
6238:
6226:
6222:
6215:
6212:
6200:
6196:
6189:
6186:
6174:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:BMGF (2018).
6114:
6111:
6107:
6104:BMGF (2015).
6101:
6098:
6093:
6081:
6070:
6066:
6060:
6053:
6052:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6009:The Telegraph
6005:
5997:
5994:
5983:
5979:
5972:
5969:
5957:
5953:
5946:
5943:
5931:
5927:
5920:
5917:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5883:Unicode.org,
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:Unicode.org,
5867:
5865:
5861:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5815:0-231-10691-2
5812:
5808:
5804:
5803:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5767:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5739:
5736:
5731:
5727:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5703:0-7100-9916-9
5700:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5685:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5654:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5610:
5607:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5501:
5498:
5487:
5483:
5480:Tong, Traci.
5476:
5473:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5438:
5434:
5427:
5424:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5399:The Telegraph
5395:
5387:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5343:
5336:
5333:
5320:
5313:
5310:
5297:
5293:
5286:
5283:
5271:
5264:
5261:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5225:
5221:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5181:on 2008-06-17
5180:
5176:
5169:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5135:
5128:
5125:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5090:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5033:
5028:
5026:0-316-72430-0
5022:
5018:
5014:
5013:Lamont, Peter
5008:
5005:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4974:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4849:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4759:on 2006-02-12
4758:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4714:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4595:
4591:
4584:
4581:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4545:
4541:
4534:
4531:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4490:
4483:
4480:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4442:
4435:
4432:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4392:|first1=
4385:
4377:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4357:
4352:
4350:9780674076440
4346:
4342:
4335:
4332:
4319:
4315:
4308:
4305:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4279:
4274:
4272:9781469608020
4268:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4207:(2): 409โ436.
4206:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4185:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4136:
4132:
4125:
4122:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4097:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3918:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3795:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3738:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3628:on 2015-05-12
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3585:on 2014-08-11
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3546:9780814795880
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3502:
3495:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3188:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3100:Peter Kasza:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3032:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2755:on 2017-04-06
2754:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2723:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2482:South Savonia
2479:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2462:New Hampshire
2456:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2265:girls' rights
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:WOMENS SYMBOL
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2016:men's toilet
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1935:
1928:Anonymous sex
1927:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:trans bashing
1913:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:Violent crime
1885:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:(toilet) and
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:toilet humour
1817:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:Susan Stryker
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:female urinal
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1488:/ rubbish bin
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1286:Female urinal
1283:
1274:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1157:Workers have
1155:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
956:
954:
952:
947:
945:
941:
936:
933:
928:
925:
922:
921:March Fong Eu
918:
913:
908:
906:
905:Victorian era
900:
892:
887:
880:
878:
876:
870:
864:
861:
856:
853:
852:Kemi Badenoch
848:
845:
841:
839:
835:
827:
825:
823:
819:
812:United States
811:
809:
805:
797:
795:
793:
792:building code
789:
784:
779:United States
778:
773:
771:
769:
761:
756:
754:
752:
748:
740:
738:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
705:
700:
694:United States
693:
691:
687:
685:
684:squat toilets
676:
674:
671:
667:
666:Victorian era
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
645:
644:Victorian era
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
620:
617:
612:
608:
603:
601:
595:
593:
589:
584:
582:
574:
571:
567:
563:
555:
550:
542:
535:
530:
524:
519:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
470:
467:
465:
460:
457:The standard
455:
453:
449:
445:
444:sewage system
441:
436:
434:
430:
425:
422:
417:
415:
411:
410:
404:
402:
398:
397:squat toilets
393:
391:
387:
379:
376:(Urilift) in
375:
370:
363:
358:
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:les toilettes
278:
276:
271:
269:
263:
261:
256:
252:
248:
243:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
219:
210:
203:
198:
191:
186:
179:
177:
173:
171:
170:
165:
161:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
135:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:public toilet
76:
72:
67:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
32:Toilet (room)
19:
7174:Privy midden
6995:Anal hygiene
6888:Slopping out
6857:Vacuum truck
6832:Toilet plume
6822:
6763:Adult diaper
6749:Cultural and
6687:
6633:Incinerating
6518:Toilet paper
6466:Bidet shower
6356:
6331:. Retrieved
6326:
6317:
6306:. Retrieved
6301:
6292:
6281:. Retrieved
6276:
6266:
6255:. Retrieved
6250:
6240:
6229:. Retrieved
6225:thanhnien.vn
6224:
6214:
6203:. Retrieved
6199:thanhnien.vn
6198:
6188:
6177:. Retrieved
6172:
6163:
6152:. Retrieved
6147:
6138:
6126:
6113:
6100:
6069:the original
6050:
6025:. Retrieved
6008:
5996:
5985:. Retrieved
5981:
5971:
5959:. Retrieved
5955:
5945:
5933:. Retrieved
5929:
5919:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5879:
5851:. Retrieved
5847:the original
5842:The Advocate
5840:
5830:
5801:
5796:
5784:
5776:
5761:
5753:
5743:Galop.org.uk
5738:
5729:
5719:
5696:
5692:
5687:
5670:
5666:
5656:
5623:
5619:
5609:
5597:. Retrieved
5588:
5579:
5568:. Retrieved
5564:
5555:
5514:
5510:
5500:
5489:. Retrieved
5485:
5475:
5464:. Retrieved
5460:
5451:
5440:. Retrieved
5436:
5426:
5415:. Retrieved
5398:
5386:
5377:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5341:
5335:
5323:. Retrieved
5312:
5300:. Retrieved
5295:
5285:
5274:. Retrieved
5263:
5252:. Retrieved
5248:
5239:
5227:. Retrieved
5224:The Guardian
5223:
5213:
5199:Toilet Signs
5194:
5183:. Retrieved
5179:the original
5168:
5159:
5150:
5138:. Retrieved
5136:. Red Pepper
5127:
5115:. Retrieved
5105:
5093:. Retrieved
5083:
5069:
5063:
5051:. Retrieved
5045:
5035:
5016:
5007:
4995:. Retrieved
4986:
4976:
4964:. Retrieved
4955:Mental Floss
4953:
4943:
4912:. Retrieved
4902:
4865:
4861:
4851:
4840:. Retrieved
4838:. 2020-03-04
4835:
4826:
4810:WHO (2018).
4806:
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4781:
4772:
4761:. Retrieved
4757:the original
4752:
4743:
4729:(1): 65โ80.
4726:
4722:
4716:
4705:. Retrieved
4701:
4675:
4663:. Retrieved
4648:
4634:
4623:. Retrieved
4621:. 2016-04-12
4618:
4609:
4598:. Retrieved
4583:
4572:. Retrieved
4567:
4558:
4547:. Retrieved
4543:
4533:
4522:. Retrieved
4520:. 2016-05-17
4517:
4493:. Retrieved
4482:
4470:. Retrieved
4457:
4445:. Retrieved
4434:
4423:. Retrieved
4419:
4365:
4359:
4340:
4334:
4322:. Retrieved
4317:
4307:
4295:. Retrieved
4291:
4281:
4262:
4256:
4242:(4): 11โ44.
4239:
4235:
4225:
4213:
4204:
4200:
4187:
4176:. Retrieved
4172:
4163:
4138:. Retrieved
4134:
4124:
4113:. Retrieved
4109:
4099:
4088:. Retrieved
4074:
4063:. Retrieved
4061:. 2019-11-14
4058:
4049:
4038:. Retrieved
4033:
4024:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3973:
3968:
3960:
3955:
3933:(1): 51โ64.
3930:
3926:
3920:
3908:. Retrieved
3898:
3889:
3879:
3862:
3858:
3836:. Retrieved
3834:. 2021-12-01
3832:the Guardian
3831:
3822:
3811:. Retrieved
3807:
3797:
3786:. Retrieved
3784:. 2021-11-14
3782:the Guardian
3781:
3772:
3753:
3740:
3729:. Retrieved
3725:
3716:
3705:. Retrieved
3703:. 2022-07-03
3701:the Guardian
3700:
3691:
3679:. Retrieved
3677:. www.gov.uk
3666:
3654:. Retrieved
3641:
3630:. Retrieved
3626:the original
3616:
3607:
3598:
3587:. Retrieved
3580:the original
3567:
3555:
3536:
3509:cite journal
3500:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3471:
3462:
3451:. Retrieved
3445:
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3417:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3338:(in Chinese)
3315:. Retrieved
3313:(in Chinese)
3291:. Retrieved
3287:
3278:
3264:cite journal
3242:(1): 26โ30.
3239:
3235:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3209:the original
3204:
3195:
3186:
3158:
3128:. Retrieved
3124:
3115:
3105:
3080:. Retrieved
3076:
3055:
3049:
3040:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3018:the original
3013:
3004:
2992:. Retrieved
2988:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2963:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2937:DutchNews.nl
2936:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2911:DutchNews.nl
2910:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2885:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2859:
2835:. Retrieved
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2808:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2783:the original
2778:
2768:
2757:. Retrieved
2753:the original
2746:
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:
2709:
2695:
2629:squat toilet
2581:Rem Koolhaas
2344:
2313:
2295:
2285:
2269:
2251:toilet paper
2243:Central Asia
2220:
2215:pit latrines
2207:child health
2204:
2170:
2153:
1976:
1964:
1945:
1909:
1904:menstruation
1901:
1897:
1886:
1882:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1822:). The word
1813:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1744:Joel Sanders
1733:
1709:
1655:
1651:public realm
1644:
1601:
1565:
1562:
1558:paper towels
1550:toilet paper
1543:
1431:Toilet paper
1399:
1383:
1363:
1346:
1337:flush toilet
1324:body posture
1297:
1254:
1246:
1234:
1221:
1218:
1207:
1198:
1167:
1156:
1145:
1129:
1113:menstruating
1105:
1101:
1097:
1074:
1066:
1049:
1030:
1010:
999:
986:
980:
960:
951:potty parity
948:
937:
929:
926:
909:
902:
899:Potty parity
871:
868:
858:
849:
842:
837:
833:
831:
815:
807:
785:
782:
765:
751:South Africa
744:
741:South Africa
728:
709:
701:
697:
688:
680:
663:
648:
640:flush toilet
637:
628:
621:
606:
604:
596:
585:
578:
552:Vespasienne
523:Ostia Antica
476:
468:
456:
448:vacuum truck
437:
426:
418:
413:
407:
405:
394:
382:
331:
326:
321:
311:
307:
301:
294:flush toilet
285:
281:
279:
272:
264:
260:locker rooms
244:
228:
221:
174:
167:
156:
136:
94:
90:
86:
82:
80:
57:, featuring
7169:Pail closet
7154:Gong farmer
7139:Close stool
7134:Chamber pot
7081:Shit Museum
6734:Vermifilter
6638:Intelligent
6528:Orientation
6491:Flushometer
5117:20 December
5095:20 December
5053:October 19,
4987:JSTOR Daily
4619:Role Reboot
4324:October 24,
4297:October 24,
3363:26 December
3342:17 December
3107:Der Spiegel
2341:the Beatles
2088:BABY SYMBOL
2013:MENS SYMBOL
1946:Before the
1662:public good
1533:truck stops
1425:toilet seat
1350:glass brick
1209:Pay toilets
1083:moral panic
912:pay toilets
757:Legislation
745:During the
731:QS Supplies
670:glass brick
479:toilet room
450:. Portable
414:vespasienne
322:vespasienne
284:in French;
160:pay toilets
113:, although
7286:Sanitation
7270:Categories
7230:Sanitation
7179:Reredorter
7164:Night soil
7000:Defecation
6813:Toilet god
6798:Latrinalia
6758:Accessible
6714:Telescopic
6629:(Scouting)
6601:Dual flush
6586:Composting
6333:2024-01-04
6308:2024-01-04
6302:laodong.vn
6283:2024-01-04
6257:2024-01-04
6231:2024-01-04
6205:2024-01-04
6179:2024-01-04
6154:2024-01-04
6027:2018-11-19
5987:2018-11-19
5853:22 October
5570:2021-12-30
5491:2021-12-30
5466:2021-12-30
5442:2021-12-30
5417:2021-12-30
5325:30 October
5321:. ABC News
5276:2009-02-27
5254:2022-04-11
5245:"Stalled!"
5229:24 October
5185:2009-02-27
4842:2020-03-06
4763:2006-04-14
4735:1439085659
4707:2022-04-08
4665:August 18,
4625:2022-04-08
4600:2015-04-06
4574:2022-04-08
4549:2022-04-08
4524:2022-04-11
4425:2022-04-08
4178:2021-12-30
4140:2021-12-30
4115:2021-12-30
4090:2009-02-27
4065:2021-12-01
4040:2021-12-01
3838:2021-12-01
3813:2021-12-01
3788:2021-12-01
3731:2022-07-17
3707:2022-07-17
3681:20 January
3656:20 January
3632:2018-12-01
3589:2014-04-11
3453:2021-11-08
3425:3 December
3293:2022-04-11
3215:24 October
3130:2019-09-09
3082:2022-04-11
2994:27 January
2969:8 February
2943:8 February
2917:8 February
2891:8 February
2866:8 February
2837:8 February
2789:20 January
2759:2017-04-06
2688:References
2676:Sanitation
2585:Erwin Olaf
2478:Rantasalmi
2346:Abbey Road
2310:In Vietnam
2235:South Asia
2209:to school
1853:street art
1838:Tony Award
1825:latrinalia
1716:pictograms
1582:Pay toilet
1390:hand dryer
1380:Hand dryer
1354:aesthetics
1006:safe space
932:sanitation
536:practices.
491:defecation
464:caregivers
327:vespasiani
290:initialism
202:pay toilet
59:public art
7149:Garderobe
7076:Rest area
7041:Haewoojae
7025:Scatology
6964:Urination
6944:Sanistand
6898:Toileting
6693:Sanisette
6648:Low-flush
6444:Equipment
6277:congly.vn
6090:ignored (
6080:cite book
6017:0307-1235
5956:USA Today
5905:: 33โ38.
5648:227950339
5539:0956-2478
5486:USA TODAY
5407:0307-1235
4384:cite book
4016:145198888
4008:0957-8536
3947:143489360
3576:0733-2335
3484:29 August
3256:161265931
2633:Hong Kong
2589:Groningen
2534:Bangalore
2484:, Finland
2446:Hong Kong
2300:prisoners
2294:ruled in
2260:menstrual
2174:Starbucks
1934:Cottaging
1845:Urinetown
1752:Stalled!,
1658:privatise
1625:euphemism
1609:Vespasian
1592:Sanisette
1576:User fees
1493:Elsewhere
1439:Coat hook
1332:urination
1303:urination
1117:menopause
749:years in
747:apartheid
726:in 1904.
677:Hong Kong
625:etiquette
588:Frankfurt
534:toileting
487:urination
386:Sanisette
333:madrassas
164:turnstile
132:attendant
77:, Finland
71:Viiskulma
18:Restrooms
7188:See also
7129:Aphedron
7066:Outhouse
6934:Pee curl
6678:Portable
6653:On-board
6616:Freezing
6581:Chemical
6561:Arborloo
6556:Aircraft
6451:Ballcock
6021:Archived
5982:BBC News
5809:, 1999;
5769:Archived
5746:Archived
5673:(2): 9.
5640:33288457
5599:March 4,
5593:Archived
5547:70398487
5461:UN Women
5411:Archived
5249:Stalled!
5202:Archived
5015:(2004).
4991:Archived
4960:Archived
4894:22656243
4787:28 April
4731:ProQuest
4659:Archived
4594:Archived
4518:pennlive
4149:cite web
3961:Bathroom
3910:March 4,
3503:: 41โ53.
3478:Archived
3077:Stalled!
3056:Bathroom
3024:21 March
2860:BBC News
2727:21 March
2664:See also
2567:, Uganda
2498:Hokkaido
2400:, France
2398:Toulouse
2239:Caucasus
2211:dropouts
2063:RESTROOM
1956:closeted
1952:gay bars
1816:graffiti
1720:designed
1348:made of
1343:Lighting
1185:, Poland
1109:prostate
968:Jim Crow
735:Botswana
600:civility
473:Purposes
438:Various
390:campaign
378:Gรถteborg
251:mud room
204:in Kenya
95:washroom
87:restroom
75:Helsinki
7144:Dansker
6929:Pissoir
6793:Istinja
6739:Washlet
6719:Treebog
6643:Latrine
6606:EToilet
6576:Cathole
6481:Commode
6476:Cistern
6437:Toilets
5589:NPR.org
5519:Bibcode
5302:29 July
4997:July 4,
4966:July 4,
4885:3538484
4495:7 March
4472:7 March
4447:7 March
4135:Insider
3871:3311184
3419:Citylab
3384:7 March
3317:6 March
2815:6 April
2627:Public
2565:Kampala
2536:, India
2520:, India
2500:, Japan
2448:factory
2432:, China
2416:, China
2414:Beijing
2355:England
2351:Parkend
2326:Gallery
2320:Vietnam
2316:Vietnam
2282:Prisons
2256:puberty
2213:. Many
2194:Burundi
2184:Schools
2154:Source:
2135:U+1F6BD
2085:U+1F6BC
2060:U+1F6BB
2035:U+1F6BA
2010:U+1F6B9
1978:Unicode
1830:latrine
1784:Bat Yam
1767:diapers
1507:Urinals
1299:Urinals
1260:Urinals
1243:Sensors
1215:Privacy
1121:urinary
985:of the
554:pissoir
513:History
409:pissoir
372:Public
364:, Italy
362:Varenna
313:pissoir
303:sanuzel
235:schools
200:Public
169:pissoir
124:Urinals
103:urinals
99:toilets
7034:Places
6949:Urinal
6939:Pollee
6729:Vacuum
6688:Public
6623:(boat)
6571:Bucket
6508:Toilet
6456:Bedpan
6395:PHLUSH
6173:VOV.VN
6061:
6015:
5961:16 May
5935:16 May
5821:
5813:
5709:
5701:
5646:
5638:
5545:
5537:
5405:
5023:
4914:6 July
4892:
4882:
4818:
4733:
4372:
4347:
4269:
4014:
4006:
3945:
3869:
3802:RSPH.
3760:
3726:GOV.UK
3574:
3543:
3254:
3165:
2464:, U.S.
2343:album
2231:Africa
2138:TOILET
2110:U+267F
1998:Image
1986:Symbol
1877:heroin
1828:โfrom
1788:Israel
1705:Sweden
1421:Toilet
1282:Urinal
1173:Design
768:Brazil
575:Europe
568:, and
483:toilet
286:ััะฐะปะตั
148:planes
144:trains
105:) and
7276:Rooms
6709:Squat
6704:Space
6683:Potty
6611:Flush
6566:Blair
6549:Types
6471:Brush
6461:Bidet
6072:(PDF)
6055:(PDF)
5644:S2CID
5543:S2CID
5140:3 May
4466:(PDF)
4197:(PDF)
4012:S2CID
3943:S2CID
3750:(PDF)
3675:(PDF)
3650:(PDF)
3583:(PDF)
3564:(PDF)
3252:S2CID
3104:, in
2718:(PDF)
2514:Kullu
1995:Value
1875:Anti-
1834:-alia
1596:Paris
1423:with
1190:Entry
996:trunk
352:Types
296:. In
107:sinks
51:Idaho
6699:Sink
6627:Hudo
6621:Head
6496:Seat
6092:help
6059:ISBN
6013:ISSN
5963:2018
5937:2018
5855:2009
5819:ISBN
5811:ISBN
5707:ISBN
5699:ISBN
5636:PMID
5601:2017
5535:ISSN
5403:ISSN
5327:2013
5304:2021
5231:2016
5142:2019
5119:2016
5097:2016
5055:2010
5021:ISBN
4999:2024
4968:2024
4916:2014
4890:PMID
4816:ISBN
4789:2017
4667:2017
4497:2015
4474:2015
4449:2015
4396:help
4370:ISBN
4345:ISBN
4326:2016
4299:2016
4267:ISBN
4155:link
4059:ID4D
4004:ISSN
3912:2017
3867:SSRN
3758:ISBN
3683:2014
3658:2014
3572:ISSN
3541:ISBN
3515:link
3486:2009
3427:2018
3386:2019
3365:2013
3344:2018
3319:2018
3270:link
3217:2011
3163:ISBN
3026:2017
2996:2023
2971:2023
2945:2023
2919:2023
2893:2023
2868:2023
2839:2023
2817:2018
2791:2014
2729:2017
2583:and
2270:The
2249:and
2247:soap
2241:and
2233:and
2225:and
1992:Name
1989:Code
1806:The
1727:and
1554:soap
1284:and
1222:The
1123:and
816:The
656:for
489:and
485:for
419:The
344:and
101:(or
6673:Pit
6668:Pig
6663:Pay
6596:Dry
5907:doi
5675:doi
5628:doi
5527:doi
5360:CBC
4880:PMC
4870:doi
4568:Mic
4544:Vox
4244:doi
4173:BBC
3996:doi
3935:doi
3244:doi
2631:in
2587:in
2349:in
2314:In
766:In
722:in
631:by
416:).
273:In
245:In
229:In
93:or
55:USA
49:in
7272::
6325:.
6300:.
6275:.
6249:.
6223:.
6197:.
6171:.
6146:.
6084::
6082:}}
6078:{{
6036:^
6019:.
6011:.
6007:.
5980:.
5954:.
5928:.
5903:36
5901:.
5863:^
5839:.
5817:,
5775:,
5752:,
5728:.
5705:,
5671:13
5669:.
5665:.
5642:.
5634:.
5624:68
5622:.
5618:.
5591:.
5587:.
5563:.
5541:.
5533:.
5525:.
5515:27
5513:.
5509:.
5484:.
5459:.
5435:.
5409:.
5401:.
5397:.
5376:.
5358:.
5294:.
5247:.
5222:.
5158:.
5044:.
4989:.
4985:.
4952:.
4924:^
4888:.
4878:.
4866:87
4864:.
4860:.
4834:.
4780:.
4751:.
4727:19
4725:.
4700:.
4687:^
4657:.
4617:.
4566:.
4542:.
4516:.
4505:^
4418:.
4404:^
4388::
4386:}}
4382:{{
4316:.
4290:.
4240:27
4238:.
4234:.
4205:61
4203:.
4199:.
4171:.
4151:}}
4147:{{
4133:.
4108:.
4082:.
4057:.
4032:.
4010:.
4002:.
3992:25
3990:.
3941:.
3931:58
3929:.
3888:.
3863:37
3861:.
3847:^
3830:.
3806:.
3780:.
3724:.
3699:.
3606:.
3566:.
3523:^
3511:}}
3507:{{
3470:.
3444:.
3416:.
3327:^
3302:^
3286:.
3266:}}
3262:{{
3250:.
3240:39
3238:.
3234:.
3203:.
3177:^
3139:^
3123:.
3091:^
3075:.
3064:^
3012:.
2987:.
2962:.
2935:.
2909:.
2884:.
2858:.
2847:^
2807:.
2777:.
2745:.
2720:.
2516:,
2480:,
2353:,
2306:.
2267:.
2180:.
2130:๐ฝ
2080:๐ผ
2055:๐ป
2030:๐บ
2005:๐น
1786:,
1731:.
1676:.
1631:.
1613:c.
1590:A
1556:,
1552:,
1433:,
1317:.
1127:.
1059:.
1042:.
1028:.
1008:.
794:.
609:,
564:,
466:.
348:.
262:.
226:.
89:,
85:,
81:A
73:,
53:,
6429:e
6422:t
6415:v
6361:.
6336:.
6311:.
6286:.
6260:.
6234:.
6208:.
6182:.
6157:.
6094:)
6030:.
5990:.
5965:.
5939:.
5913:.
5909::
5857:.
5825:.
5779:.
5756:.
5732:.
5713:.
5681:.
5677::
5650:.
5630::
5603:.
5573:.
5549:.
5529::
5521::
5494:.
5469:.
5445:.
5420:.
5380:.
5329:.
5306:.
5279:.
5257:.
5233:.
5188:.
5144:.
5121:.
5099:.
5077:.
5029:.
5001:.
4970:.
4918:.
4896:.
4872::
4845:.
4791:.
4766:.
4737:.
4710:.
4669:.
4642:.
4628:.
4603:.
4577:.
4552:.
4527:.
4499:.
4476:.
4451:.
4428:.
4398:)
4378:.
4353:.
4328:.
4301:.
4275:.
4250:.
4246::
4181:.
4157:)
4143:.
4118:.
4093:.
4068:.
4043:.
4018:.
3998::
3949:.
3937::
3914:.
3892:.
3873:.
3841:.
3816:.
3791:.
3766:.
3734:.
3710:.
3685:.
3660:.
3635:.
3610:.
3592:.
3549:.
3517:)
3488:.
3456:.
3429:.
3388:.
3367:.
3346:.
3321:.
3296:.
3272:)
3258:.
3246::
3219:.
3171:.
3133:.
3085:.
3028:.
2998:.
2973:.
2947:.
2921:.
2895:.
2870:.
2841:.
2819:.
2793:.
2762:.
2731:.
2105:โฟ
1790:.
1535:)
1513:)
412:(
61:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.