1330:
55:
33:
1315:
421:. Historically, ca 389 names have been used. However, many species concepts are ill-defined, many names have been synonymized and new species are regularly being described, so true number of species is not entirely clear as of now, but is estimated to be around 200. In molecular work, the genus has also been shown to be paraphyletic, with closely related genera being nested within
446:, the Rhizocarpon-type, which is bitunicate with the inner ascus-wall being slightly apically thickened. Ascospores are considered important characters for determining species within the genus. They are either 2-celled (1-septate) or multi-celled (muriform) and are either hyaline or pigmented (green or brown), often with a characteristic halo (
433:
With so many species in a morphologically diverse genus it is difficult to say something general about morphology and anatomy and there will inevitably be some exceptions. However, they do share some key traits. They are all crustose and mostly saxicolous (rock-living), with some being lichenicolous
1637:
2187:
Spribille, Toby; Fryday, Alan M.; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Svensson, Måns; Tønsberg, Tor; Ekman, Stefan; Holien, Håkon; Resl, Philipp; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Thüs, Holger; Vondrák, Jan; Sharman, Lewis (2020).
1769:
1581:
1329:
1470:
Lücking, R., Hodkinson, B. P., & Leavitt, S. D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera".
2931:
1840:"Outline of phylogeny and character evolution in Rhizocarpon (Rhizocarpaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) based on nuclear ITS and mitochondrial SSU ribosomal DNA sequences"
1871:
1807:
1751:
1711:
1675:
1619:
1566:
1505:
1456:
2787:
2839:
2683:
1638:"Rhizocarpon smaragdulum, a new monosporic yellow-thalline species and some additional species of the genus Rhizocarpon from the Altai Mountains (Siberia)"
1409:"A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families"
2761:
2800:
2875:
434:(lichen parasites) on other saxicolous lichens. They are all lecideoid, meaning they have apothecia without a thallus margin containing algae.
1692:
Fryday, A. M., & Kantvilas (2012). "Rhizocarpon austroamphibium (Rhizocarpaceae, lichenized
Ascomycota), a new species from Tasmania".
229:
2888:
2936:
2926:
2338:
Fryday, A.M. (2004). "New species and records of lichenized fungi from
Campbell Island and the Auckland Islands, New Zealand".
1314:
133:
285:
2805:
1385:
Hafellner, J. (1984). "Studien in
Richtung einer naturlicheren Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoraceae und Lecideaceae".
1820:
2826:
2538:
Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Farkas, E.; Upreti, D.K.; Thell, A.; Woo, J.-J.; Oh, S.-O.; Hur, J.-S. (2018).
2300:
Fryday, Alan M. (2019). "Eleven new species of crustose lichenized fungi from the
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)".
665:
1519:
54:
1407:
Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F., Högnabba, F., Oliver, J. C., Molnár, K., Fraker, E., ... & Otálora, M. A. (2014).
2844:
736:
531:
827:
767:
695:
604:
594:
563:
520:
448:
383:
355:
154:
41:
1730:"New species and new records of the lichen genus Rhizocarpon from Tasmania, with a key to the Australian taxa"
1181:
1119:
1108:
992:
921:
837:
797:
716:
624:
1253:
1243:
1191:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1097:
1087:
887:
877:
857:
2916:
1284:
1129:
1077:
972:
847:
817:
747:
685:
655:
635:
542:
1233:
1057:
1047:
1037:
757:
500:
480:
2921:
2636:
1273:
1067:
1027:
1013:
982:
952:
941:
911:
897:
807:
675:
584:
510:
490:
1294:
867:
614:
573:
552:
1865:
1801:
1745:
1705:
1669:
1613:
1560:
1499:
1450:
1263:
1222:
931:
645:
1212:
726:
2893:
2854:
2709:
1201:
1003:
962:
787:
350:
1356:
2753:
1967:
McCarthy, P.M.; Elix, J.A.; Kantvilas, G. (2020). "New species and new records of the lichen genus
705:
2880:
2593:
2520:
2462:
2421:
2378:
2317:
2057:
1909:
1789:
1657:
1601:
1487:
777:
182:
49:
1886:
1768:
Roca-Valiente, B., Hawksworth, D. L., Perez-Ortega, S., Sancho, L. G. & Crespo, A. (2016).
2862:
2792:
2696:
2221:
1438:
467:
346:
2674:
2585:
2554:
2512:
2452:
2413:
2370:
2309:
2211:
2201:
2148:
2049:
1928:
1901:
1851:
1781:
1770:"Type studies in the Rhizocarpon geographicum group (Rhizocarpaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)"
1649:
1593:
1479:
1428:
1420:
1364:
905:
463:
32:
2867:
1547:
Timdal, E., Holtan-Hartwig, J. (1988). "A Preliminary Key tro
Rhizocarpon in Scandinavia".
1941:
342:
96:
2740:
2090:
Alstrup, V.; Hansen, E.S. (2001). "New lichens and lichenicolous fungi from
Greenland".
1582:"Rhizocarpon quinonum, a new anthraquinone-containing species from the Alaska Peninsula"
381:
forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen (
2748:
2216:
2189:
1433:
1408:
418:
362:
244:
116:
2688:
2017:(lichenized Ascomycota, Rhizocarpaceae), a new species from south-eastern Australia".
2910:
2321:
1856:
1839:
1729:
161:
106:
2597:
2539:
2524:
2466:
2425:
2400:, a new monosporic yellow-thalline species and some additional species of the genus
2382:
2061:
1913:
1793:
1661:
1605:
1491:
454:) visible when viewed in a microscope. Asci contain eight, two or rarely one spore.
2701:
2079:. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). Vol. 53. p. 279.
1932:
146:
2831:
2774:
2668:
1483:
1424:
370:
365:. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout
2659:
2558:
2417:
2374:
2313:
2206:
1905:
1785:
1653:
1597:
1361:
ex DC., in
Lamarck & de Candolle, Fl. franç., Edn 3 (Paris) 2: 365 (1805)"
403:
397:
378:
86:
2576:, a new lichen species from north-west Europe and north-east North America".
2735:
2722:
2153:
2132:
409:
366:
255:
66:
2589:
2516:
2225:
2053:
1442:
2503:(Ach.) Massal., with notes on some related species in the British Isles".
449:
356:
2813:
2653:
374:
217:
205:
2457:
2440:
2766:
1994:(Rhizocarpaceae, lichenized Ascomycota): a new species from Tasmania".
2779:
2480:
Eitner, E. (1911). "Dritter
Nachtrag zur schlesischen Flechtenflora".
2482:
Jahresbericht der
Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Kultur
2361:, a new anthraquinone-containing species from the Alaska Peninsula".
2190:"Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska"
1021:
319:
304:
76:
2630:
2109:
Magnusson, A.H. (1948). "New or interesting Swedish lichens. XIII".
2818:
2727:
443:
338:
266:
2168:
Poelt, J. (1955). "Flechten der Schwarzen Wand in der Großarl".
315:
2634:
377:
regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the
2714:
137:
2540:"New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 7"
1887:"The ascus apex in lichenized fungi II. The Rhizocarpon-type"
2262:
Malme, G.O.A. (1914). "Västra Jämtlands Rhizocarponariei".
2126:
2124:
2170:
Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft Wien
2036:
Fryday, Alan M. (2002). "A revision of the species of the
2281:
Anders, J. (1923). "Zur Flechtenflora des Isergebirges".
2239:
Räsänen, V. (1943). "Bestimmungsschlüssel für die gelben
2357:
McCune, Bruce; Timdal, Einar; Bendiksby, Mika (2016). "
1962:
1960:
2245:
Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis
2077:
Lichenographia Fennica. II. Baeomyceae et Lecideales
1580:
McCune, B., Timdal, E., & Bendiksby, M. (2016).
2643:
2396:
Davydov, Evgeny A.; Yakovchenko, Lidia S. (2017). "
1971:from Tasmania, with a key to the Australian taxa".
1728:McCarthy, P.M., Elix, J.A., Kantvilas, G. (2020).
1636:Davydov, E. A., & Yakovchenko, L. S. (2017).
1824:, R. Haugan, "Graphis Scripta" Volym 3 (1) 1990
1227:P.M.McCarthy, J.A.Elix & G.Kantvilas (2020)
2333:
2331:
1990:Fryday, Alan M.; Kantvilas, Gintaras (2012). "
2617:Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo
2441:"Lichens from Upernavik island, NW Greenland"
1631:
1629:
16:Genus of lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae
8:
1870:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1806:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1750:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1710:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1674:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1618:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1565:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1504:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1455:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2932:Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
2631:
1542:
1540:
31:
20:
2456:
2215:
2205:
2152:
1855:
1844:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1822:Rhizocarpon dinothetes new to Scandinavia
1432:
710:P.M.McCarthy, Elix & Kantvilas (2020)
525:P.M.McCarthy, Elix & Kantvilas (2020)
2572:Ihlen, Per G.; Fryday, Alan M. (2002). "
1833:
1831:
1687:
1685:
2615:growing in solfatara fields in Japan".
2040:group occurring in the British Isles".
1763:
1761:
1723:
1721:
1402:
1400:
1348:
1310:
195:
2611:Inoue, M. (2001). "Taxonomic notes on
1863:
1838:Ihlen, P. G., & Ekman, S. (2016).
1799:
1743:
1703:
1667:
1611:
1558:
1497:
1448:
485:(Leight.) Hafellner & Poelt (1976)
2404:from the Altai Mountains (Siberia)".
1413:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1018:McCune, Timdal & Bendiksby (2016)
7:
2855:8ce7cfea-6c51-482f-86fe-03ddc31fd3f8
2013:Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M. (2019). "
926:(Poelt & Nimis) Hafellner (1992)
619:(C.Knight ex Shirley) Zahlbr. (1926)
2131:McCarthy, P.M.; Elix, J.A. (2014).
700:(Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (1880)
1323:sp. on a mountain Zlatibor, Serbia
395:Together with three small genera (
14:
2243:-Arten, -Varietäten und Formen".
1931:Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+.
1165:(Tuck. ex Willey) Lendemer (2010)
680:(Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll.Arg. (1879)
547:(Flörke ex Spreng.) Th.Fr. (1874)
442:The genus has a distinct type of
1857:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00127.x
1328:
1313:
53:
1850:(4). Oxford Academic: 535–546.
782:(Flörke ex Flot.) Arnold (1871)
629:Alstrup & E.S.Hansen (2001)
1278:P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2014)
741:Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2014)
557:Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2019)
1:
1102:Davydov & Yakovch. (2017)
1042:(Lamy ex Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)
536:Fryday & Kantvilas (2012)
1992:Rhizocarpon austroamphibium
1484:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361
1425:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003
1175:S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2018)
1072:(W.A.Weber) Bungartz (2004)
737:Rhizocarpon flavomedullosum
666:Rhizocarpon diploschistinum
532:Rhizocarpon austroamphibium
2953:
1336:Rhizocarpon pycnocarpoides
957:(Akramova) Kudratov (2002)
828:Rhizocarpon intermediellum
752:H.Magn. & Poelt (1955)
2559:10.1556/034.60.2018.1-2.8
2499:Fryday, Alan (2000). "On
2418:10.1017/s0024282917000469
2375:10.1017/s0024282916000347
2340:Bibliotheca Lichenologica
2314:10.1017/S0024282919000185
2264:Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift
2207:10.1017/S0024282920000079
1906:10.1017/S002428298000014X
1786:10.1017/S002428291500050X
1654:10.1017/S0024282917000469
1598:10.1017/S0024282916000347
1357:"Synonymy. Current Name:
1268:(H.Magn.) A.Nordin (2005)
1248:Etayo & Palice (2017)
1217:(Tornab.) Runemark (1956)
1206:Ihlen & Fryday (2002)
1092:Kalb & Aptroot (2017)
967:(Wulfen) A.Massal. (1852)
792:Brodo & Fryday (2020)
696:Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides
605:Rhizocarpon cinereovirens
595:Rhizocarpon cinereonigrum
564:Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum
521:Rhizocarpon austroalpinum
462:As of October 2022,
188:
181:
174:
169:
152:
145:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
2038:Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
2019:Australasian Lichenology
1996:Australasian Lichenology
1973:Australasian Lichenology
1734:Australasian Lichenology
1694:Australasian Lichenology
1182:Rhizocarpon superficiale
1120:Rhizocarpon subgeminatum
1109:Rhizocarpon subareolatum
993:Rhizocarpon purpurascens
922:Rhizocarpon ochrolechiae
838:Rhizocarpon jemtlandicum
798:Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
768:Rhizocarpon geographicum
717:Rhizocarpon expallescens
625:Rhizocarpon cleptophilum
609:(Müll.Arg.) Vain. (1922)
470:) accepts 75 species of
384:Rhizocarpon geographicum
155:Rhizocarpon geographicum
42:Rhizocarpon geographicum
2547:Acta Botanica Hungarica
2398:Rhizocarpon smaragdulum
2154:10.7751/telopea20148124
1285:Rhizocarpon viridiatrum
1254:Rhizocarpon umbilicatum
1244:Rhizocarpon tungurahuae
1208:– Europe; North America
1192:Rhizocarpon tephromelae
1171:Rhizocarpon sunchonense
1161:Rhizocarpon sulphurosum
1151:Rhizocarpon subpostumum
1141:Rhizocarpon submodestum
1098:Rhizocarpon smaragdulum
1088:Rhizocarpon sipmanianum
1062:(Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (1926)
888:Rhizocarpon lusitanicum
878:Rhizocarpon lecanorinum
858:Rhizocarpon kerguelense
568:(Kremp.) Zahlbr. (1926)
417:constitutes the family
2937:Taxa described in 1805
2927:Lecanoromycetes genera
2590:10.1006/lich.2002.0379
2517:10.1006/lich.2000.0269
2501:Rhizocarpon obscuratum
2137:in mainland Australia"
2054:10.1006/lich.2002.0416
1258:(Ramond) Flagey (1894)
1186:(Schaer.) Malme (1914)
1130:Rhizocarpon sublavatum
1078:Rhizocarpon simillimum
973:Rhizocarpon polycarpum
848:Rhizocarpon johnstonii
818:Rhizocarpon infernulum
748:Rhizocarpon furfurosum
686:Rhizocarpon distinctum
656:Rhizocarpon dimelaenae
636:Rhizocarpon copelandii
589:(Norman) Th.Fr. (1874)
543:Rhizocarpon badioatrum
391:Taxonomy and phylogeny
361:lichens in the family
2439:Hansen, E.S. (2007).
2075:Vainio, E.A. (1922).
1885:Honegger, R. (1980).
1289:(Wulfen) Körb. (1855)
1234:Rhizocarpon transiens
1223:Rhizocarpon torquatum
1058:Rhizocarpon roridulum
1052:(Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1905)
1048:Rhizocarpon ridescens
1038:Rhizocarpon richardii
758:Rhizocarpon geminatum
640:(Körb.) Th.Fr. (1874)
501:Rhizocarpon amphibium
481:Rhizocarpon advenulum
2574:Rhizocarpon timdalii
2359:Rhizocarpon quinonum
1274:Rhizocarpon vigilans
1202:Rhizocarpon timdalii
1155:(Nyl.) Arnold (1877)
1145:(Vain.) Vain. (1922)
1082:(Anzi) Lettau (1912)
1068:Rhizocarpon saurinum
1028:Rhizocarpon reductum
1014:Rhizocarpon quinonum
1004:Rhizocarpon pusillum
987:(Nyl.) Arnold (1871)
983:Rhizocarpon postumum
977:(Hepp) Th.Fr. (1874)
963:Rhizocarpon petraeum
953:Rhizocarpon pallidum
942:Rhizocarpon oxydatum
912:Rhizocarpon mawsonii
898:Rhizocarpon malvinae
892:(Nyl.) Arnold (1871)
872:(Ach.) Hazsl. (1884)
812:(Vain.) Vain. (1898)
808:Rhizocarpon inarense
802:(Körb.) Vain. (1922)
788:Rhizocarpon haidense
676:Rhizocarpon disporum
585:Rhizocarpon chioneum
515:(Vain.) Vain. (1922)
511:Rhizocarpon anaperum
495:(Fr.) Rabenh. (1861)
491:Rhizocarpon alpicola
438:Ascus and ascospores
2458:10.3372/wi.37.37125
2015:Rhizocarpon bicolor
1295:Rhizocarpon vulcani
936:(Ach.) Körb. (1861)
868:Rhizocarpon lavatum
822:(Nyl.) Lynge (1934)
706:Rhizocarpon exiguum
615:Rhizocarpon clausum
574:Rhizocarpon caesium
553:Rhizocarpon bicolor
2133:"The lichen genus
1944:Version 2022-10-20
1359:Rhizocarpon Ramond
1264:Rhizocarpon umense
932:Rhizocarpon oederi
778:Rhizocarpon grande
646:Rhizocarpon dahlii
505:(Fr.) Körb. (1855)
2904:
2903:
2863:Open Tree of Life
2637:Taxon identifiers
2578:The Lichenologist
2505:The Lichenologist
2406:The Lichenologist
2363:The Lichenologist
2302:The Lichenologist
2194:The Lichenologist
2111:Botaniska Notiser
2042:The Lichenologist
1894:The Lichenologist
1774:The Lichenologist
1642:The Lichenologist
1586:The Lichenologist
1213:Rhizocarpon tinei
1113:E.S.Hansen (2007)
727:Rhizocarpon ferax
468:Catalogue of Life
330:
329:
312:Rhizocarponomyces
141:
2944:
2897:
2896:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2832:NHMSYS0001496248
2822:
2821:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2731:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2553:(1–2): 115–184.
2544:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1929:Species Fungorum
1927:Source dataset.
1924:
1918:
1917:
1891:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1835:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1665:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1609:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1436:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1365:Species Fungorum
1353:
1332:
1317:
1300:
1299:May.Inoue (2001)
1290:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1228:
1218:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1135:
1125:
1114:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1019:
1009:
998:
988:
978:
968:
958:
947:
937:
927:
917:
916:C.W.Dodge (1948)
906:Falkland Islands
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
862:C.W.Dodge (1948)
853:
852:C.W.Dodge (1948)
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
753:
742:
732:
722:
711:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
651:
641:
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
579:
569:
558:
548:
537:
526:
516:
506:
496:
486:
464:Species Fungorum
451:
358:
323:
308:
297:
289:
278:
270:
259:
248:
233:
221:
209:
132:
58:
57:
35:
21:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2092:Graphis Scripta
2089:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1942:Catalog of Life
1926:
1925:
1921:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1862:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1819:
1815:
1798:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1742:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1702:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1666:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1610:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1557:
1549:Graphis Scripta
1546:
1545:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1496:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1447:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1324:
1318:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1288:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1226:
1216:
1205:
1196:Øvstedal (2009)
1195:
1185:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1144:
1133:
1123:
1112:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1017:
1008:Runemark (1956)
1007:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
945:
935:
925:
915:
901:
891:
881:
871:
861:
851:
841:
831:
821:
811:
801:
791:
781:
772:(L.) DC. (1805)
771:
761:
751:
740:
730:
720:
709:
699:
689:
679:
669:
659:
650:Øvstedal (2009)
649:
639:
628:
618:
608:
598:
588:
577:
567:
556:
546:
535:
524:
514:
504:
494:
484:
460:
453:
440:
431:
393:
360:
326:
314:
303:
295:
284:
276:
265:
254:
243:
227:
215:
204:
194:
193:
165:
158:
131:
97:Lecanoromycetes
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2917:Rhizocarpaceae
2909:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2885:
2872:
2859:
2849:
2836:
2823:
2810:
2797:
2784:
2771:
2758:
2745:
2732:
2719:
2706:
2693:
2680:
2665:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2603:
2564:
2530:
2511:(3): 207–224.
2491:
2472:
2451:(1): 353–362.
2431:
2412:(5): 457–466.
2388:
2369:(5): 367–375.
2349:
2327:
2308:(3): 235–267.
2292:
2273:
2254:
2231:
2179:
2160:
2120:
2101:
2082:
2067:
2048:(6): 451–477.
2028:
2005:
1982:
1956:
1919:
1900:(2): 157–172.
1877:
1827:
1813:
1757:
1717:
1681:
1648:(5): 457–466.
1625:
1592:(5): 367–375.
1572:
1536:
1511:
1478:(4): 361–416.
1472:The Bryologist
1462:
1396:
1377:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1281:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1219:
1209:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1167:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1126:
1116:
1105:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1024:
1010:
1000:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
938:
928:
918:
908:
894:
884:
874:
864:
854:
844:
834:
832:Räsänen (1943)
824:
814:
804:
794:
784:
774:
764:
754:
744:
733:
731:H.Magn. (1948)
723:
713:
702:
692:
682:
672:
662:
652:
642:
632:
621:
611:
601:
591:
581:
570:
560:
549:
539:
528:
517:
507:
497:
487:
476:
459:
456:
447:
439:
436:
430:
427:
419:Rhizocarpaceae
392:
389:
363:Rhizocarpaceae
354:
349:(or sometimes
328:
327:
325:
324:
309:
298:
290:
279:
271:
260:
249:
241:Catillariopsis
234:
222:
213:Catillariopsis
210:
191:
190:
189:
186:
185:
179:
178:
172:
171:
167:
166:
159:
150:
149:
143:
142:
124:
120:
119:
117:Rhizocarpaceae
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2949:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Lichen genera
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:(2): 95–100.
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2484:(in German).
2483:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2270:(3): 273–294.
2269:
2265:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2247:(in German).
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2200:(2): 61–181.
2199:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2172:(in German).
2171:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1780:(2): 97–110.
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1525:
1521:
1520:"Rhizocarpon"
1515:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1387:Nova Hedwigia
1381:
1378:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:Eitner (1911)
1236:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:– South Korea
1173:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:Fryday (2000)
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:Eitner (1911)
1122:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:Th.Fr. (1874)
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:– New Zealand
997:Fryday (2004)
995:
994:
990:
985:
984:
980:
975:
974:
970:
965:
964:
960:
955:
954:
950:
948:– New Zealand
946:Fryday (2004)
944:
943:
939:
934:
933:
929:
924:
923:
919:
914:
913:
909:
907:
902:Fryday (2019)
900:
899:
895:
890:
889:
885:
882:Anders (1923)
880:
879:
875:
870:
869:
865:
860:
859:
855:
850:
849:
845:
840:
839:
835:
830:
829:
825:
820:
819:
815:
810:
809:
805:
800:
799:
795:
790:
789:
785:
780:
779:
775:
770:
769:
765:
760:
759:
755:
750:
749:
745:
739:
738:
734:
729:
728:
724:
721:Th.Fr. (1874)
719:
718:
714:
708:
707:
703:
698:
697:
693:
690:Th.Fr. (1874)
688:
687:
683:
678:
677:
673:
670:McCune (2011)
668:
667:
663:
660:Timdal (2004)
658:
657:
653:
648:
647:
643:
638:
637:
633:
627:
626:
622:
617:
616:
612:
607:
606:
602:
597:
596:
592:
587:
586:
582:
578:Fryday (2002)
576:
575:
571:
566:
565:
561:
555:
554:
550:
545:
544:
540:
534:
533:
529:
523:
522:
518:
513:
512:
508:
503:
502:
498:
493:
492:
488:
483:
482:
478:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
457:
455:
452:
445:
437:
435:
429:Common traits
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
406:
405:
400:
399:
390:
388:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
352:
351:lichenicolous
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
299:
294:
291:
287:
283:
280:
275:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
231:
226:
223:
219:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
168:
163:
157:
156:
151:
148:
144:
139:
135:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Rhizocarpales
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2644:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2550:
2546:
2533:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2076:
2070:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1947:. Retrieved
1940:
1934:
1922:
1897:
1893:
1880:
1866:cite journal
1847:
1843:
1821:
1816:
1802:cite journal
1777:
1773:
1746:cite journal
1737:
1733:
1706:cite journal
1697:
1693:
1670:cite journal
1645:
1641:
1614:cite journal
1589:
1585:
1575:
1561:cite journal
1552:
1548:
1527:. Retrieved
1523:
1514:
1500:cite journal
1475:
1471:
1465:
1451:cite journal
1416:
1412:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1358:
1351:
1335:
1320:
1293:
1283:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1221:
1211:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1139:
1128:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1012:
1002:
991:
981:
971:
961:
951:
940:
930:
920:
910:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
842:Malme (1914)
836:
826:
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
766:
762:Körb. (1855)
756:
746:
735:
725:
715:
704:
694:
684:
674:
664:
654:
644:
634:
623:
613:
603:
599:Vain. (1922)
593:
583:
572:
562:
551:
541:
530:
519:
509:
499:
489:
479:
471:
461:
441:
432:
422:
414:
408:
402:
396:
394:
382:
333:
332:
331:
311:
300:
296:Clem. (1909)
293:Phalodictyum
292:
281:
277:Clem. (1909)
273:
262:
252:Cormothecium
251:
240:
236:
224:
212:
201:
197:
175:
164:) DC. (1805)
153:
147:Type species
127:
126:
40:
24:
18:
2775:iNaturalist
2675:Rhizocarpon
2669:Wikispecies
2645:Rhizocarpon
2623:(1): 11–21.
2613:Rhizocarpon
2445:Willdenowia
2402:Rhizocarpon
2241:Rhizocarpon
2147:: 195–211.
2135:Rhizocarpon
2098:(2): 41–50.
1969:Rhizocarpon
1419:: 132–168.
1321:Rhizocarpon
1280:– Australia
1115:– Greenland
743:– Australia
712:– Australia
631:– Greenland
559:– Australia
538:– Australia
527:– Australia
423:Rhizocarpon
415:Rhizocarpon
373:, and even
371:subtropical
334:Rhizocarpon
128:Rhizocarpon
25:Rhizocarpon
2911:Categories
2346:: 127–146.
2289:: 256–267.
2251:: 127–136.
2176:: 107–113.
2117:: 401–412.
1949:31 October
1935:Rhzicarpon
1393:: 242–366.
1370:31 October
1343:References
472:Rhizopogon
404:Poeltinula
398:Catolechia
379:prothallus
347:saxicolous
237:Catocarpus
225:Catocarpus
202:Catocarpus
87:Ascomycota
83:Division:
2736:FloraBase
2684:AusLichen
2322:196649792
1104:– Siberia
450:perispore
410:Epilichen
367:temperate
357:lecideoid
256:A.Massal.
176:See text
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
2814:MycoBank
2749:Fungorum
2689:30019701
2660:Q3018582
2654:Wikidata
2598:86445685
2525:85411459
2488:: 20–60.
2467:85183953
2426:89823559
2383:89195796
2283:Hedwigia
2226:32788812
2062:85965514
2025:: 51–57.
2002:: 12–17.
1979:: 36–61.
1914:84207315
1794:90906637
1740:: 36–62.
1700:: 12–17.
1662:89823559
1606:89195796
1555:: 41–54.
1529:29 March
1524:MycoBank
1492:90258634
1443:24747130
1136:– Europe
580:– Europe
466:(in the
375:tropical
343:crustose
282:Lepidoma
274:Diphanis
263:Diphaeis
228:(Körb.)
218:M.Choisy
216:(Stein)
183:Synonyms
170:Species
113:Family:
63:Domain:
2793:1086814
2767:2600386
2217:7398404
2141:Telopea
1434:4185256
1307:Gallery
1301:– Japan
458:Species
198:Buellia
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
2894:578651
2881:RHIZO3
2876:PLANTS
2852:NZOR:
2806:190063
2780:117899
2728:1RHKPG
2596:
2523:
2465:
2424:
2381:
2320:
2224:
2214:
2060:
1912:
1792:
1660:
1604:
1490:
1441:
1431:
1022:Alaska
322:(1953)
320:Tomas.
318:&
307:(1861)
305:Kremp.
301:Rehmia
288:(1809)
269:(1909)
258:(1854)
247:(1879)
239:sect.
232:(1871)
230:Arnold
220:(1950)
208:(1855)
200:sect.
140:(1805)
134:Ramond
2889:WoRMS
2868:67089
2845:88641
2788:IRMNG
2741:27548
2715:16596
2702:642BR
2594:S2CID
2543:(PDF)
2521:S2CID
2463:S2CID
2422:S2CID
2379:S2CID
2318:S2CID
2058:S2CID
1910:S2CID
1890:(PDF)
1790:S2CID
1658:S2CID
1602:S2CID
1488:S2CID
444:ascus
339:genus
337:is a
267:Clem.
245:Stein
206:Körb.
77:Fungi
2840:NCBI
2819:4707
2801:ITIS
2762:GBIF
2754:4707
2723:EPPO
2222:PMID
2115:1948
1951:2022
1872:link
1808:link
1752:link
1712:link
1676:link
1620:link
1567:link
1531:2020
1506:link
1457:link
1439:PMID
1372:2022
407:and
316:Cif.
286:Link
192:List
2827:NBN
2710:EoL
2697:CoL
2586:doi
2555:doi
2513:doi
2453:doi
2414:doi
2371:doi
2310:doi
2212:PMC
2202:doi
2149:doi
2050:doi
1902:doi
1852:doi
1782:doi
1650:doi
1594:doi
1480:doi
1476:119
1429:PMC
1421:doi
413:),
387:).
353:),
341:of
138:DC.
136:ex
2913::
2891::
2878::
2865::
2842::
2829::
2816::
2803::
2790::
2777::
2764::
2751::
2738::
2725::
2712::
2699::
2686::
2671::
2656::
2621:27
2619:.
2592:.
2582:34
2580:.
2551:60
2549:.
2545:.
2519:.
2509:32
2507:.
2486:88
2461:.
2449:37
2447:.
2443:.
2420:.
2410:49
2408:.
2377:.
2367:48
2365:.
2344:88
2342:.
2330:^
2316:.
2306:51
2304:.
2287:64
2285:.
2266:.
2249:52
2220:.
2210:.
2198:52
2196:.
2192:.
2174:95
2145:16
2143:.
2139:.
2123:^
2113:.
2096:12
2094:.
2056:.
2046:34
2044:.
2023:85
2021:.
2000:71
1998:.
1977:86
1975:.
1959:^
1939:.
1908:.
1898:12
1896:.
1892:.
1868:}}
1864:{{
1848:77
1846:.
1842:.
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1804:}}
1800:{{
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1738:86
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1698:71
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1600:.
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1437:.
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1415:.
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1391:79
1389:.
1363:.
1020:–
904:–
474:.
425:.
401:,
369:,
345:,
162:L.
2600:.
2588::
2561:.
2557::
2527:.
2515::
2469:.
2455::
2428:.
2416::
2385:.
2373::
2324:.
2312::
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2228:.
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2151::
2064:.
2052::
1953:.
1937:"
1933:"
1916:.
1904::
1874:)
1860:.
1854::
1810:)
1796:.
1784::
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1714:)
1678:)
1664:.
1652::
1622:)
1608:.
1596::
1569:)
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1533:.
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1494:.
1482::
1459:)
1445:.
1423::
1374:.
1229:/
160:(
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