272:
853:
735:
44:
1084:
723:
244:, Charles' archchancellor - or, simply, as a means to replace Charles' childless wife, Richardis, with a new queen who might provide children - he and Richardis were accused by Charles and his courtiers of adultery. Charles asserted that their marriage was unconsummated and demanded a divorce. According to legend and her hagiography, she was put to the
283:
After her lifetime, a legend grew up around the life of
Richardis. The legend relates that, despite being a virtuous wife, her husband continued to accuse her of misconduct. This he did for over ten years. In a bid to assure him of her innocence, she finally assented to an ordeal by fire. Though she
295:
However, the abbey had already been founded seven years before her divorce from
Charles the Fat, and the area had long been associated with the bear. Incorporating the mythos of the bear, the nuns at Andlau long maintained a live bear and allowed free board and passage to passing bear-keepers. To
232:
raiders on the northern French coast. These attacks had intensified as the aggressors, no longer content to pillage the coastline, had moved their attentions to cities and towns along the rivers. Powerless to resist the invasion of the
Normans, Charles III paid for their departure with money,
291:
An alternative legend recounts that
Richardis found the mother bear grieving over her dead cub in the forest. When Richardis held the cub, it returned to life. After the working of this miracle, both mother and cub remained devoted to the saint for the rest of their lives.
284:
was barefoot and wearing a shirt covered in wax, the flames nevertheless refused to touch her. Disheartened by her husband's continued mistrust, Richardis left the imperial palace and wandered into the forest. There she was visited by an
311:
Richardis is patron of Andlau, and of protection against fires. Her iconography refers to her status as an empress and nun and to her ordeal by fire. The bear and ploughshare refer to the foundation legend of Andlau Abbey.
506:
2710:
138:
dressed in
Imperial robes with crown and palm, and surrounded by flames; dressed as a nun, with crown laid aside, and burning pieces of wood, as well as a bear and a ploughshare
1843:
3276:
248:, which she passed successfully; in practice, the commission founded by the Pope to handle the requested annulment and charges reported that she was in fact a virgin.
2227:
1034:
2703:
767:
255:, which she had founded on her ancestral lands in 880, and where her niece Rotrod was abbess. (Richardis herself was previously lay abbess of religious houses at
3324:
240:. During this crisis, Richardis attempted to rule in her husband's stead but was unsuccessful. In an effort to bring down the over-powerful and hated bishop
3470:
1760:
271:
2087:
503:
3455:
2314:
2696:
1120:
3300:
3060:
3340:
3172:
3148:
2640:
2157:
1836:
969:
3490:
2281:
2077:
2067:
666:
3475:
3028:
2047:
1635:
1521:
533:
488:
461:
434:
384:
357:
3356:
3348:
3068:
3012:
2177:
2102:
1541:
1486:
984:
929:
3485:
3140:
1570:
1506:
2252:
1829:
1059:
760:
3465:
2448:
1889:
1780:
1511:
832:
827:
602:
2202:
2187:
1009:
994:
3445:
3132:
2616:
2568:
2499:
2232:
2107:
2022:
1605:
1279:
1039:
949:
914:
703:
639:
399:
Both
Richardis and Charles stated in 887 under oath at the time of the charge of adultery that their marriage was unconsummated.
3480:
2719:
2271:
1992:
2812:
197:. Repudiated by her husband, Richardis later became a Christian model of devotion and just rule. She was canonised in 1049.
2956:
2658:
2323:
2307:
2222:
1733:
1029:
618:
478:
523:
424:
374:
347:
3440:
3332:
3092:
2996:
2860:
2217:
1879:
1531:
1144:
1113:
1087:
1077:
1024:
753:
686:
451:
713:
3450:
3435:
2212:
1575:
1347:
1317:
1019:
797:
776:
326:
3430:
3380:
3188:
3164:
2382:
2197:
2172:
2082:
1610:
1004:
3268:
3220:
2652:
1753:
1728:
2900:
2574:
2550:
2027:
1322:
919:
376:
The Early
Medieval World [2 volumes]: From the Fall of Rome to the Time of Charlemagne [2 volumes]
3020:
2400:
2300:
2207:
1337:
1073:
1014:
568:
2892:
3460:
2592:
2276:
2242:
2052:
1106:
1049:
939:
2676:
1352:
411:
550:
3372:
3316:
3308:
3212:
3204:
3052:
2916:
2799:
2520:
2152:
1962:
1625:
1139:
879:
321:
97:
589:
Ekkart Sauser (2000). "Richardis (Richarde, Richgarda, Richkart): hl. Kaiserin". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).
3156:
3108:
2884:
2628:
2142:
2127:
1699:
1387:
1372:
1234:
959:
676:
228:
Charles' reign was marked by internal and external strife, caused primarily by the constant plundering of
20:
3180:
3396:
2948:
2932:
2794:
2072:
1918:
1852:
1461:
1421:
1342:
792:
693:
101:
2828:
1799:
842:
3425:
3420:
3364:
3244:
3236:
3228:
2789:
2781:
2740:
2646:
2622:
2562:
2424:
2247:
2167:
2122:
2012:
2002:
1704:
1630:
1526:
1501:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1456:
1357:
1054:
979:
954:
909:
812:
3292:
3284:
3116:
3100:
3084:
3044:
2988:
2924:
2876:
2670:
2664:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2412:
2192:
2162:
2097:
2092:
2057:
2042:
2017:
2007:
1972:
1913:
1865:
1771:
1689:
1536:
1294:
1274:
1155:
999:
974:
944:
934:
802:
49:
552:
The
Worldly Cares of Abbess Richildis: Power, Property, and Femail Religious in 11th-century Anjou
3388:
3260:
2980:
2940:
2908:
2773:
2745:
2735:
2580:
2457:
2436:
2355:
2037:
1938:
1904:
1790:
1719:
1684:
1651:
1640:
1620:
1595:
1585:
1496:
1476:
1436:
1431:
1397:
924:
837:
784:
186:
123:
256:
308:
to a more impressive tomb in the newly rebuilt abbey church. The present tomb dates from 1350.
3196:
2760:
2505:
2487:
2388:
2137:
2132:
2112:
1952:
1943:
1928:
1664:
1580:
1546:
1516:
1451:
1441:
1382:
1362:
1327:
869:
861:
659:
598:
529:
484:
457:
430:
380:
353:
3004:
2972:
2750:
2730:
2634:
2544:
2526:
2493:
2481:
2466:
2361:
2147:
1987:
1967:
1743:
1709:
1675:
1615:
1600:
1491:
1312:
964:
899:
884:
632:
426:
Women in the Piast
Dynasty: A Comparative Study of Piast Wives and Daughters (c. 965–c.1144)
288:, who ordered her to found a convent in a certain spot, which a bear would indicate to her.
210:
3252:
3124:
2964:
2556:
2538:
2532:
2117:
1997:
1982:
1977:
1694:
1556:
1426:
904:
894:
889:
572:
510:
190:
133:
53:
3076:
2755:
2032:
1590:
1412:
1392:
739:
245:
222:
162:
43:
3414:
3036:
2604:
2262:
2237:
2182:
2062:
1565:
1402:
1044:
989:
727:
613:
2340:
1899:
1860:
1446:
1269:
276:
252:
214:
143:
116:
1821:
2367:
1284:
1264:
1259:
1214:
1209:
412:"Richardis sainte", Fédération des Sociétés d'Histoire et d'Archéologie d'Alsace
305:
2688:
480:
Routledge
Revivals: Women and Gender in Medieval Europe (2006): An Encyclopedia
2820:
2418:
2346:
1299:
1249:
1224:
1169:
807:
2844:
2804:
2511:
2442:
2334:
1957:
1377:
1229:
1204:
1199:
1194:
874:
822:
649:
296:
this day images of the saint are still often accompanied by that of a bear.
1098:
622:(in German), vol. 28, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 420–421
2394:
1332:
1303:
1254:
1244:
1239:
1219:
1179:
1174:
1164:
304:
Richardis was later canonised and remains translated in November 1049 by
241:
237:
2836:
2475:
1923:
1189:
745:
229:
565:
1184:
260:
206:
194:
148:
110:
87:
83:
504:
Monumenta germaniae Historica, tomus V; Bernoldi Chronicon, Pag 421
2852:
2292:
1874:
285:
270:
30:
591:
218:
2692:
2296:
1825:
1102:
749:
597:(in German). Vol. 17. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1141–1142.
193:. She was renowned for her piety and was the first abbess of
263:). She died at Andlau on 18 September and was buried there.
185:
840 – 18 September, between 894 and 896 AD), was the
453:
Spiritual Marriage: Sexual Abstinence in Medieval Wedlock
217:. She married Charles in 862 and was crowned with him in
852:
711:
236:
By 887, Charles appears to have succumbed to fits of
593:
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)
349:
The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians 751-987
2261:
1937:
1898:
1859:
1789:
1770:
1742:
1718:
1674:
1649:
1555:
1411:
1293:
1154:
860:
783:
142:
132:
122:
107:
93:
77:
66:
61:
28:
590:
275:Richardis undergoing ordeal by fire. Painting by
1810:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
251:Protected by her family, she then withdrew to
2704:
2308:
2228:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1837:
1114:
1035:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
761:
8:
2711:
2697:
2689:
2315:
2301:
2293:
1844:
1830:
1822:
1121:
1107:
1099:
768:
754:
746:
626:
209:, the daughter of Erchanger, count of the
42:
25:
3328:(Munich: 1433–1435; Straubing: 1433–1435)
3288:(Munich: 1397–1432; Straubing: 1429–1432)
19:For other people with the same name, see
3192:(Lower: 1352–1353; Straubing: 1353–1362)
525:Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities
407:
405:
3272:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447)
718:
338:
2282:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
2454:Anna of Constantinople (900–905)
233:despite having military superiority.
7:
566:Patron Saints Index: Saint Richardis
346:Mckitterick, Rosamond (2018-10-08).
225:in 881. The marriage was childless.
3471:9th-century women from East Francia
3208:(Landshut: 1359–1375; Upper: 1363)
2253:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
1060:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
14:
3456:Female saints of medieval Germany
1781:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
373:Frassetto, Michael (2013-03-14).
48:A depiction of St. Richardis and
3264:(1381–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
2108:Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
2023:Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy
1083:
1082:
950:Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
851:
733:
721:
640:Empress of the Holy Roman Empire
81:18 September c. 895 (aged c. 55)
2463:Anna of Provence (915–924)
2272:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1853:Queens and empresses of Germany
1045:Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary
477:Schaus, Margaret (2017-07-12).
3368:(Munich: 1487–1505; 1505–1508)
2277:Victoria of the United Kingdom
2223:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
1072:For Empresses after 1806, see
1030:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
915:Beatrice, Countess of Burgundy
619:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
528:. Cambridge University Press.
522:Reuter, Timothy (2006-11-02).
456:. Princeton University Press.
1:
3491:9th-century empresses consort
3333:Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
3168:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
3136:(Upper: 1324–1340; 1340–1347)
3093:Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
3072:(1254–1255; Upper: 1255–1256)
2808:(? – c. 716; c. 716 – c. 719)
2218:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
1532:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
1145:List of French royal consorts
1025:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
379:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
182:
70:
3476:9th-century Christian saints
2720:Duchesses consort of Bavaria
2517:Berta di Luni (1002–14)
2512:Theophanu of Constantinople
2213:Claudia Felicitas of Austria
1576:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
1020:Claudia Felicitas of Austria
450:Elliott, Dyan (2021-05-11).
423:Pac, Grzegorz (2022-03-07).
327:List of Holy Roman Empresses
2920:(c. 1000 – 1004, 1009–1017)
2198:Maria Leopoldine of Austria
2173:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
2083:Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg
1005:Maria Leopoldine of Austria
940:Yolande, Queen of Jerusalem
875:Theophanu of Constantinople
549:Ragnow, Marguerite (2006).
3507:
3486:9th-century queens consort
2997:Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
2409:Cunigunda of Laon (?)
2406:Bertha of Gellone (?)
2028:Constance, Queen of Sicily
1323:Desiderata of the Lombards
1078:the corresponding template
920:Constance, Queen of Sicily
818:Saint Richardis of Nordgau
555:. University of Minnesota.
18:
2912:(before 972–976, 985–995)
2769:
2726:
2373:Gundiberga (626–652)
2330:
2208:Margaret Theresa of Spain
1808:
1134:
1068:
1015:Margaret Theresa of Spain
849:
700:
691:
683:
673:
664:
656:
646:
637:
629:
612:Wilhelm Wiegand (1889), "
151:; protection against fire
41:
3466:Saints from East Francia
3176:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349)
2880:(Margravine: ?–907)
2653:Joséphine de Beauharnais
2593:Isabella II of Jerusalem
2581:Beatrice of Hohenstaufen
2243:Maria Josepha of Bavaria
2053:Isabella II of Jerusalem
1754:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
1729:Joséphine de Beauharnais
1129:Royal consorts of France
1050:Maria Josepha of Bavaria
694:Queen of Eastern Francia
667:Queen of Western Francia
3446:Frankish queens consort
3373:Marie of Baden-Sponheim
3344:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
3341:Margaret of Brandenburg
3312:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
3296:(Ingolstadt: 1401–1413)
3213:Ingeborg of Mecklenburg
3053:Agnes of the Palatinate
2917:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
2659:Marie Louise of Austria
2521:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
2376:Guntrude (712–744)
2352:Berthora (549–552)
2153:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
1963:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
1140:List of Frankish queens
1040:Maria Amalia of Austria
880:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
322:List of Catholic saints
267:The Legend of Richardis
213:, of the family of the
98:Eastern Orthodox Church
3481:Christian royal saints
3320:(Straubing: 1418–1425)
3304:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
3280:(Straubing: 1394–1404)
3205:Margarete of Nuremberg
3200:(Straubing: 1353–1386)
3021:Clementia of Zähringen
3000:(1127–1138; 1142–1143)
2800:Folchiade of Salzeburg
2629:Elizabeth of Pomerania
2617:Margaret II of Hainaut
2569:Beatrice I of Burgundy
2443:Ageltrude of Benevento
2143:Elisabeth of Nuremberg
2128:Elizabeth of Pomerania
2088:Elisabeth of Carinthia
1746:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
1700:Maria Theresa of Spain
1388:Beatrice of Vermandois
1235:Brunhilda of Austrasia
960:Elizabeth of Pomerania
833:Anna of Constantinople
823:Ageltrude of Benevento
575:, Accessed 2012-07-13.
280:
166:
21:Richardis (given name)
3397:Elisabeth of Lorraine
3360:(Landshut: 1479–1502)
3352:(Landshut: 1452–1479)
3232:(Landshut: 1366–1379)
3160:(Lower: c. 1330–1334)
3144:(Lower: 1326/28–1333)
3120:(Upper: 1308/11–1322)
3112:(Lower: 1297/99–1310)
2949:Ethelinde of Northeim
2933:Judith of Schweinfurt
2677:Marie-José of Belgium
2395:Fastrada of Franconia
2379:Tassia (744–749)
2073:Gertrude of Hohenberg
1919:Matilda of Ringelheim
1462:Adelaide of Maurienne
1422:Adelaide of Aquitaine
1353:Ermentrude of Orléans
1343:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
975:Bianca Maria of Milan
793:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
274:
167:Richgardis, Richardis
102:Roman Catholic Church
3441:Holy Roman Empresses
3365:Kunigunde of Austria
3317:Elizabeth of Görlitz
3309:Catherine of Alençon
3301:Margaret of Burgundy
3237:Catherine of Gorizia
3229:Catherine of Bohemia
3109:Jutta of Schweidnitz
3061:Elizabeth of Hungary
2647:Isabella of Portugal
2563:Richenza of Northeim
2425:Richilde of Provence
2248:Maria Luisa of Spain
2168:Isabella of Portugal
2123:Anna von Schweidnitz
2078:Isabella of Burgundy
2068:Elisabeth of Bavaria
2013:Gertrude of Sulzbach
2003:Richenza of Northeim
1636:Elisabeth of Austria
1626:Catherine de' Medici
1527:Clementia of Hungary
1522:Margaret of Burgundy
1502:Margaret of Provence
1482:Isabella of Hainault
1472:Constance of Castile
1467:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1457:Bertrade of Montfort
1358:Richilde of Provence
1074:Empresses of Austria
980:Isabella of Portugal
910:Richenza of Northeim
813:Richilde of Provence
777:Holy Roman Empresses
3451:Angelic visionaries
3436:Carolingian dynasty
3336:(Munich: 1438–1460)
3293:Elisabeth of Cleves
3285:Elisabetta Visconti
3269:Margaret of Austria
3221:Margaret of Austria
3181:Cunigunde of Poland
3173:Elisabeth of Sicily
3165:Margarete Maultasch
3157:Richardis of Jülich
3149:Margaret of Bohemia
3133:Margaret of Holland
3117:Beatrice of Silesia
3101:Mechthild of Nassau
3085:Matilda of Habsburg
3045:Ludmilla of Bohemia
2989:Wulfhilde of Saxony
2925:Gunhilda of Denmark
2885:Judith of Sülichgau
2877:Cunigunde of Swabia
2671:Elena of Montenegro
2665:Margherita of Savoy
2641:Eleanor of Portugal
2611:Margaret of Brabant
2599:Isabella of England
2587:Constance of Aragon
2575:Constance of Sicily
2551:Constance of Sicily
2476:Marozia of Tusculum
2472:Alda (924–932)
2431:Richardis of Swabia
2419:Engelberga of Parma
2413:Ermengarde of Tours
2401:Luitgard of Sundgau
2193:Maria Anna of Spain
2163:Bianca Maria Sforza
2158:Eleanor of Portugal
2098:Beatrice of Silesia
2093:Margaret of Brabant
2058:Isabella of England
2048:Margaret of Austria
2043:Constance of Aragon
2018:Adelaide of Vohburg
2008:Gertrude of Comburg
1993:Constance of Sicily
1973:Gunhilda of Denmark
1914:Cunigunde of Swabia
1866:Carolingian dynasty
1542:Marie of Luxembourg
1537:Blanche of Burgundy
1487:Ingeborg of Denmark
1373:Théodrate of Troyes
1275:Balthild of Chelles
1000:Maria Anna of Spain
970:Eleanor of Portugal
945:Isabella of England
935:Constance of Aragon
808:Engelberga of Parma
803:Ermengarde of Tours
677:Théodrate of Troyes
175:Richardis of Swabia
50:Herrad of Landsberg
3431:Ahalolfing dynasty
3389:Renata of Lorraine
3325:Margaret of Cleves
3277:Margaret of Cleves
3261:Maddalena Visconti
3224:(Upper: 1361–1363)
3152:(Lower: 1328–1339)
3128:(Lower: 1309–1312)
3104:(Upper: 1294–1317)
3096:(Lower: 1290–1296)
3088:(Upper: 1273–1294)
3080:(Upper: 1260–1271)
3064:(Lower: 1253–1271)
3029:Matilda of England
2981:Matilda of Tuscany
2957:Judith of Flanders
2941:Richenza of Swabia
2909:Gisela of Burgundy
2861:Liutgard of Saxony
2795:Gleisnod de Friuli
2746:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
2557:Matilda of England
2458:Bertila of Spoleto
2437:Bertila of Spoleto
2103:Isabella of Aragon
2038:Beatrice of Swabia
1998:Matilda of England
1939:Kingdom of Germany
1905:Kingdom of Germany
1880:Liutgard of Saxony
1800:Eugénie de Montijo
1791:House of Bonaparte
1720:House of Bonaparte
1685:Margaret of Valois
1652:House of Lancaster
1641:Louise of Lorraine
1621:Eleanor of Austria
1596:Charlotte of Savoy
1586:Isabeau of Bavaria
1571:Blanche of Navarre
1507:Isabella of Aragon
1497:Blanche of Castile
1477:Adela of Champagne
1437:Constance of Arles
1432:Bertha of Burgundy
1398:Gerberga of Saxony
1010:Eleonora of Mantua
995:Eleonora of Mantua
925:Beatrice of Swabia
905:Matilda of England
785:Carolingian Empire
571:2012-06-15 at the
509:2015-01-28 at the
281:
187:Holy Roman Empress
179:Richarde de Souabe
62:Holy Roman Empress
16:Holy Roman Empress
3408:
3407:
3197:Margaret of Brieg
3189:Maud of Lancaster
2840:(c. 741 – c. 748)
2832:(c. 716 – c. 719)
2829:Imma of Alamannia
2824:(c. 716 – c. 719)
2816:(c. 716 – c. 719)
2785:(c. 610 – c. 625)
2777:(c. 556 – c. 572)
2761:Bavaria-Straubing
2686:
2685:
2667: (1878–1900)
2506:Adelaide of Italy
2488:Adelaide of Italy
2290:
2289:
2138:Sophia of Bavaria
2133:Joanna of Bavaria
2113:Blanche of Valois
1953:Adelaide of Italy
1944:Holy Roman Empire
1929:Adelaide of Italy
1819:
1818:
1722:(1804–1814; 1815)
1705:Marie Leszczyńska
1665:Margaret of Anjou
1581:Joanna of Bourbon
1517:Joan I of Navarre
1452:Bertha of Holland
1442:Matilda of Frisia
1383:Eadgifu of Wessex
1363:Adelaide of Paris
1348:Judith of Bavaria
1096:
1095:
1055:Ludovica of Spain
870:Adelaide of Italy
862:Holy Roman Empire
798:Judith of Bavaria
710:
709:
701:Succeeded by
674:Succeeded by
660:Adelaide of Paris
647:Succeeded by
535:978-1-139-45954-9
490:978-1-351-68158-2
463:978-1-4008-4434-0
436:978-90-04-50853-8
386:978-1-59884-996-7
359:978-1-317-87248-1
169:), also known as
155:
154:
94:Venerated in
56:, Alsace, France.
3498:
3357:Hedwig Jagiellon
3349:Amalia of Saxony
3069:Maria of Brabant
3013:Theodora Komnene
3005:Maria of Bohemia
2973:Eupraxia of Kiev
2872:(Queen: 882–887)
2864:(Queen: 880–882)
2856:(Queen: 827–876)
2848:(bef. 770 – 788)
2751:Bavaria-Landshut
2731:Duchy of Bavaria
2713:
2706:
2699:
2690:
2635:Barbara of Cilli
2623:Anna of Świdnica
2545:Eupraxia of Kiev
2527:Gisela of Swabia
2494:Willa of Tuscany
2482:Bertha of Swabia
2467:Bertha of Swabia
2317:
2310:
2303:
2294:
2203:Eleonora Gonzaga
2188:Eleonora Gonzaga
2178:Maria of Austria
2148:Barbara of Cilli
1988:Eupraxia of Kiev
1968:Gisela of Swabia
1846:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1772:House of Orléans
1744:House of Bourbon
1710:Marie Antoinette
1690:Marie de' Medici
1676:House of Bourbon
1616:Claude of France
1601:Anne of Brittany
1566:Joan of Burgundy
1512:Marie of Brabant
1492:Agnes of Merania
1313:Bertrada of Laon
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1086:
1085:
965:Barbara of Cilli
955:Anna of Świdnica
930:Maria of Brabant
900:Eupraxia of Kiev
885:Gisela of Swabia
855:
854:
843:Anna of Provence
838:Bertila of Parma
770:
763:
756:
747:
738:
737:
736:
726:
725:
724:
717:
684:Preceded by
657:Preceded by
633:Richilde of Metz
630:Preceded by
627:
623:
608:
596:
576:
563:
557:
556:
546:
540:
539:
519:
513:
501:
495:
494:
474:
468:
467:
447:
441:
440:
420:
414:
409:
400:
397:
391:
390:
370:
364:
363:
343:
205:She was born in
184:
113:
72:
46:
26:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3461:Alsatian saints
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3381:Anna of Austria
3253:Taddea Visconti
3245:Anna of Neuffen
3141:Anne of Austria
3125:Agnes of Glogau
2965:Bertha of Savoy
2790:Fara of Bavaria
2782:Geila of Friuli
2765:
2722:
2717:
2687:
2682:
2673: (1900–46)
2661: (1810–14)
2655: (1805–10)
2649: (1530–39)
2643: (1452–67)
2637: (1431–37)
2631: (1363–78)
2625: (1355–62)
2619: (1327–47)
2601: (1235–41)
2595: (1225–28)
2589: (1212–22)
2577: (1191–97)
2571: (1156–84)
2565: (1128–37)
2559: (1114–25)
2553: (1095–98)
2547: (1089–93)
2541: (1080–87)
2539:Bertha of Savoy
2535: (1043–56)
2533:Agnes of Poitou
2529: (1026–39)
2523: (1004–24)
2514: (972–983)
2508: (951–973)
2502: (957–963)
2496: (950–953)
2490: (948–950)
2484: (937–948)
2478: (932–933)
2469: (922–926)
2460: (905–915)
2451: (896–899)
2449:Ota of Neustria
2445: (889–894)
2439: (888–889)
2433: (879–888)
2427: (875–877)
2421: (851–875)
2415: (821–851)
2403: (794–800)
2397: (784–794)
2391: (774–783)
2385: (756–774)
2370: (589–616)
2364: (567–573)
2349: (536–540)
2343: (526–534)
2337: (493–526)
2326:
2324:Queens of Italy
2321:
2291:
2286:
2257:
2118:Anne of Bavaria
1983:Bertha of Savoy
1978:Agnes of Poitou
1942:
1933:
1903:
1894:
1864:
1855:
1850:
1820:
1815:
1804:
1785:
1766:
1738:
1714:
1695:Anne of Austria
1670:
1645:
1557:House of Valois
1551:
1427:Rozala of Italy
1407:
1298:
1289:
1150:
1149:
1130:
1127:
1097:
1092:
1064:
895:Bertha of Savoy
890:Agnes of Poitou
856:
847:
828:Ota of Neustria
779:
774:
744:
734:
732:
722:
720:
712:
706:
697:
689:
679:
670:
662:
652:
644:881– 888
643:
635:
611:
605:
588:
585:
580:
579:
573:Wayback Machine
564:
560:
548:
547:
543:
536:
521:
520:
516:
511:Wayback Machine
502:
498:
491:
476:
475:
471:
464:
449:
448:
444:
437:
422:
421:
417:
410:
403:
398:
394:
387:
372:
371:
367:
360:
345:
344:
340:
335:
318:
302:
269:
203:
191:Charles the Fat
189:as the wife of
108:
100:
82:
57:
54:Hohenburg Abbey
37:
34:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3504:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3077:Anna of Glogau
3074:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2928:(1035/36–1038)
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2896:(c. 938 – 947)
2890:
2888:(c. 910 – 937)
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2756:Bavaria-Munich
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Irene Angelina
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:Joan of France
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:Marie of Anjou
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1547:Joan of Évreux
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1413:House of Capet
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Emma of France
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:Maria of Spain
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
858:
857:
850:
848:
846:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
787:
781:
780:
775:
773:
772:
765:
758:
750:
743:
742:
730:
708:
707:
702:
699:
698:882–887
690:
685:
681:
680:
675:
672:
671:884–888
663:
658:
654:
653:
648:
645:
636:
631:
625:
624:
609:
603:
584:
581:
578:
577:
558:
541:
534:
514:
496:
489:
469:
462:
442:
435:
415:
401:
392:
385:
365:
358:
337:
336:
334:
331:
330:
329:
324:
317:
314:
301:
298:
268:
265:
246:ordeal by fire
223:Pope John VIII
202:
199:
153:
152:
146:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
126:
120:
119:
114:
105:
104:
95:
91:
90:
79:
75:
74:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
47:
39:
38:
35:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3503:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:Agnes of Loon
3035:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Lower Bavaria
2739:
2737:
2736:Upper Bavaria
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2607: (1244?)
2606:
2605:Bianca Lancia
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:German Empire
2260:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Maria Theresa
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Anna of Tyrol
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
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2063:Bianca Lancia
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1761:Marie-Thérèse
1758:
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604:3-88309-080-8
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486:
483:. Routledge.
482:
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352:. Routledge.
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92:
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85:
80:
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60:
55:
51:
45:
40:
32:
27:
22:
3399:
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3351:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2784:
2776:
2679: (1946)
2613: (1311)
2583: (1212)
2430:
2358: (560s)
2341:Amalasuintha
2233:Maria Amalia
1900:East Francia
1884:
1861:East Francia
1811:
1759:
1752:
1734:Marie Louise
1663:
1655:
1650:
1447:Anne of Kiev
1367:
1295:Carolingians
1270:Bertechildis
1156:Merovingians
817:
692:
665:
638:
617:
592:
561:
551:
544:
524:
517:
499:
479:
472:
452:
445:
425:
418:
395:
375:
368:
348:
341:
310:
303:
294:
290:
282:
277:Dierec Bouts
253:Andlau Abbey
250:
235:
227:
215:Ahalolfinger
204:
178:
174:
170:
158:
156:
128:18 September
117:Andlau Abbey
3426:890s deaths
3421:840s births
3400:(1597–1623)
3392:(1579–1597)
3384:(1550–1579)
3376:(1522–1550)
3256:(1375–1381)
3248:(1375–1381)
3240:(1375–1391)
3216:(1360–1365)
3184:(1347–1357)
3056:(1231–1253)
3048:(1204–1231)
3040:(1180–1183)
3032:(1168–1180)
3024:(1156–1162)
3016:(1148–1156)
3008:(1139–1141)
2992:(1120–1126)
2984:(1101–1115)
2976:(1089–1096)
2968:(1077–1087)
2960:(1071–1077)
2944:(1061–1070)
2368:Theodelinda
2265:(1871–1918)
1793:(1852–1870)
1774:(1830–1848)
1678:(1589–1792)
1656:(1422–1453)
1631:Mary Stuart
1559:(1328–1589)
1285:Chrothildis
1265:Wulfefundis
1260:Ragintrudis
1215:Austregilde
1210:Theudechild
306:Pope Leo IX
181:in French (
3415:Categories
2821:Pilithrude
2356:Chlothsind
2347:Matasuntha
1946:(962–1806)
1941:within the
1863:during the
1611:Mary Tudor
1415:(987–1328)
1300:Robertians
1250:Gomentrude
1225:Galswintha
1170:Ultragotha
300:Veneration
134:Attributes
2952:(c. 1070)
2904:(947–955)
2869:Richardis
2845:Liutperga
2805:Regintrud
2389:Hildegard
2335:Audofleda
1958:Theophanu
1907:(919–962)
1902:(911–919)
1885:Richardis
1868:(843–911)
1378:Frederuna
1368:Richardis
1328:Hildegard
1306:(751–987)
1280:Bilichild
1230:Fredegund
1205:Marcovefa
1200:Merofleda
1195:Ingoberga
1158:(509–751)
650:Ageltrude
429:. BRILL.
257:Säckingen
159:Richardis
144:Patronage
36:Richardis
2936:(?–1053)
2893:Biltrude
2813:Waldrada
2774:Waldrada
2500:Gerberga
2362:Rosamund
1338:Luitgard
1333:Fastrada
1318:Gerberga
1304:Bosonids
1255:Nanthild
1245:Sichilde
1240:Bertrude
1220:Audovera
1180:Radegund
1175:Guntheuc
1165:Clotilde
1088:Category
687:Liutgard
614:Richgard
569:Archived
507:Archived
316:See also
242:Liutward
171:Richgard
2837:Hiltrud
1924:Eadgyth
1812:italics
1190:Aregund
740:Royalty
714:Portals
583:Sources
238:madness
211:Nordgau
2901:Judith
1185:Ingund
728:Saints
601:
532:
487:
460:
433:
383:
356:
261:Zurich
230:Norman
207:Alsace
195:Andlau
157:Saint
149:Andlau
111:shrine
109:Major
88:Alsace
84:Andlau
2853:Hemma
1875:Hemma
333:Notes
286:angel
163:Latin
124:Feast
31:Saint
2383:Ansa
1302:and
1076:and
599:ISBN
530:ISBN
485:ISBN
458:ISBN
431:ISBN
381:ISBN
354:ISBN
259:and
219:Rome
201:Life
177:and
78:Died
67:Born
1890:Ota
704:Ota
616:",
221:by
73:840
52:in
3417::
404:^
183:c.
173:,
165::
86:,
71:c.
2712:e
2705:t
2698:v
2316:e
2309:t
2302:v
1845:e
1838:t
1831:v
1814:.
1297:,
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
769:e
762:t
755:v
716::
607:.
538:.
493:.
466:.
439:.
389:.
362:.
279:.
161:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
