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Conceived as a shortcut to animating, the rotoscope process proved time-consuming due to the precise and laborious nature of tracing. Rotoscoping is achieved by two methods, rear projection and front surface projection. In either case, the results can have slight deviations from the true line due to
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projector that he used in his popular lectures between 1880 and 1895. The first discs were painted on the glass in dark contours. Discs made between 1892 and 1894 had outlines drawn by Erwin Faber photographically printed on the disc and then colored by hand, but these discs were probably never used
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is more often used to achieve the same background replacement effect, as it is faster and requires less work in post production. Rotoscoping generally provides a higher level of accuracy and may be used in conjunction with Chroma-keying. It may also be used if the subject is not in front of a green
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the separation of the projected image and the surface used for tracing. Misinterpretations of the forms cause the line to wiggle, and the roto tracings must be reworked over an animation disc, using the tracings as a guide where consistency and solidity are important.
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773:(2006). Linklater licensed the same proprietary rotoscoping process for the look of both movies. Linklater was the first director to use digital rotoscoping to create an entire feature movie. Additionally, a 2005–08 advertising campaign by
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animated series (1918–1927). It was known simply as the "Fleischer
Process" on the early screen credits, and was essentially exclusive to Fleischer for several years. The live-movie reference for the character, later known as
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Rotoscoping has also been used to create a special visual effect (such as a glow, for example) that is guided by the matte or rotoscoped line. A classic use of traditional rotoscoping was in the original three
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source material. Viewers criticized the show's shortcuts in facial animation, its reuse of backgrounds, and the liberties it took with realism. Despite this, critics lauded the movie, and the website
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have made the process of layering subjects in scenes easier, rotoscoping still plays a large role in the production of visual effects imagery. Rotoscoping in the digital domain is often aided by
417:(1933). In these examples, the roto tracing was used as a guide for timing and positioning, while the cartoon characters of different proportions were drawn to conform to those positions.
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effect with a matte based on sticks held by the actors. To achieve this, effects technicians traced a line over each frame with the prop, then enlarged each line and added the glow.
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Fleischer ceased to depend on the rotoscope for fluid action by 1924, when Dick Huemer became the animation director and brought his animation experience from his years on the
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159:'s original rotoscope. The artist is drawing on a transparent easel, onto which the movie projector at the right is beaming an image of a single movie frame.
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in order to make the human characters' motions more realistic. The film went significantly over budget due to the complexity of the animation.
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Contemporary uses of the rotoscope and its inherent challenges have included surreal effects in music videos such as Elvis
Costello's "
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Fleischer's last applications of the rotoscope were for the realistic human animation required for the lead character—among others—in
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1337:"Directors Morgan King & Philip Gelatt Revitalize The Subversive, rotoscoped Feature With 'The Spine Of Night' — SXSW Studio"
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Litten, Frederick S. (2013). "Shōtai kenkyū nōto: Nihon no eigakan de jōei sareta saisho no (kaigai) animēshon eiga ni tsuite"
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612:(1992). Bakshi first used rotoscoping because 20th Century Fox refused his request for a $ 50,000 budget increase to finish
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series of the early 1940s, where realistic movement was achieved on a level unmatched by conventional cartoon animation.
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954:"Through a 'Scanner' dazzlingly: Sci-fi brought to graphic life" USA TODAY, August 2, 2006, Wednesday, LIFE; Pg. 4D
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was rotoscope animated. King's
Gorgonaut Studios had previously rotoscope animated a series of short fantasy films.
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1362:"'The Spine of Night' Trailer: An Ultra-Violent rotoscoped Fantasy Starring Richard E. Grant and Lucy Lawless"
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used
Sabiston's rotoscoping work for a series of television commercials, with the tagline "Talk to Chuck".
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subsequently employed
Sabiston and his proprietary rotoscope software in the full-length feature movies
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series. Fleischer returned to rotoscoping in the 1930s for referencing intricate dance movements in his
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by frame, to produce realistic action. Originally, live-action movie images were projected onto a
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190:. This device was eventually replaced by computers, but the process is still called rotoscoping.
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invented a digital rotoscoping process to develop its critically acclaimed adventure video game
271:) that can be used to extract that object from a scene for use on a different background. While
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Fleischer's patent expired by 1934, and other producers could then use rotoscoping freely.
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cartoons. The most notable of these are the dance routines originating from jazz performer
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Description of "Digital cartoon and animation process" (Digital rotoscoping) Patent
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521:. Most films produced with it were adaptations of folk tales or poems—for example,
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movies. By tracing an object, the moviemaker creates a silhouette (called a
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822:) was entirely animated with Rotoshop, but it was far better received than
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panel and traced onto paper. This projection equipment is referred to as a
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1000:[On the Earliest (Foreign) Animation Shown in Japanese Cinemas].
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616:; he resorted to the rotoscope technique to finish the battle sequences.
432:(1941). His most effective use of rotoscoping was in the action-oriented
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Rotoscoping was a popular technique in early animated films made in the
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932:"'American Pop'... Matters: Ron Thompson, the Illustrated Man Unsung"
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Understanding Motion
Capture for Computer Animation and Video Games
1063:
The Art and
Inventions of Max Fleischer: American Animation Pioneer
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used rotoscoping to produce a look that differed greatly from its
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908:"The Polish-American immigrant who changed the face of animation"
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730:, who had used rotoscoping extensively in his previous games
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Modern animation of traced images from
Eadweard Muybridge's
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movies, where the production used it to create the glowing
1246:"Animator Mag - Archive | animation between 1982 and 1995"
283:
software. Rotoscoping is often used in the preparation of
214:(or blue) screen, or for practical or economic reasons.
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used rotoscoping extensively for his animated features
345:. The films were traced from live-action film footage.
426:(1939), and the human characters in his last feature,
37:"Rotographs" redirects here. For the sports site, see
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and his animators used the technique extensively in
2599:
List of animated television series by episode count
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840:(2021), a feature-length fantasy film directed by
826:, with critics praising its rotoscoping. In 2015,
807:awarded it a perfect score for initial reactions.
353:The rotoscope technique was invented by animator
816:(animated prequel to the 2004 live-action film,
2594:List of animated films by box office admissions
201:refers to the technique of manually creating a
259:Rotoscoping has often been used as a tool for
1418:
1231:, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2004,
975:"Compleat Eadweard Muybridge - Muy Blog 2009"
783:used rotoscope as a couch gag in the episode
8:
562:used rotoscoping to remove a large chunk of
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533:. Only during the early 1960s, after the "
174:use to trace over motion picture footage,
1021:"The trick that made animation realistic"
1002:The Japanese Journal of Animation Studies
998:招待研究ノート: 日本の映画館で上映された最初の(海外)アニメーション映画について
647:" (1985), three of A-ha's music videos, "
464:" (1985), the live performance scenes in
321:sequences painted on glass discs for the
136:Learn how and when to remove this message
1163:"'The Last Waltz' rekindles Band fervor"
625:(1979), a short film made by John Lamb,
357:in 1915, and used in his groundbreaking
186:, developed by Polish-American animator
1031:from the original on November 17, 2021.
899:
482:(2004). In the experimental 1973 short
349:Early works and Fleischer's exclusivity
876:, an image editing software employing
530:The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish
1310:"The Spring 2013 Anime Preview Guide"
1290:from the original on October 27, 2008
1213:Ralph Bakshi: The Wizard of Animation
1189:"The 50 Worst Rock Fails Of All Time"
944:from the original on August 24, 2013.
724:Digital Cartoon and Animation Process
476:" (1986), and the animated TV series
7:
2567:Films with live action and animation
1165:. Detroit Free Press. Archived from
925:
923:
921:
810:In early 2015, an anime film titled
634:What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown?
74:adding citations to reliable sources
1316:from the original on April 21, 2013
1150:from the original on March 6, 2014.
287:for other matte-pulling processes.
1019:Edwards, Phil (December 3, 2019).
930:Maçek III, J.C. (August 2, 2012).
25:
2667:Audiovisual introductions in 1915
1659:Modern TV cable and streaming era
273:blue- and green-screen techniques
2635:
2626:
2625:
1385:
1270:La Franco, Robert (March 2006).
1161:Lawson, Terry (April 26, 2002).
858:
570:'s nose in his rock documentary
368:, was performed by his brother (
255:engraved into twenty metal discs
50:
1335:Grobar, Matt (March 18, 2021).
640:It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown
511:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
61:needs additional citations for
1111:. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 2.
337:and Ernst Plank were offering
1:
2589:Most expensive animated films
2244:Direct manipulation animation
1895:Barrier-grid and stereography
653:The Sun Always Shines on T.V.
619:Rotoscoping was also used in
556:Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
30:For the EP by Spiritbox, see
2135:Non-photorealistic rendering
1278:. Vol. 14, no. 3.
813:The Case of Hana & Alice
1767:International Animation Day
1364:. IndieWire. March 11, 2021
1146:. San Francisco Chronicle.
726:. The game was designed by
541:very different aesthetics.
414:The Old Man of the Mountain
348:
2693:
2237:Linear Animation Generator
2140:Physically based animation
961:December 23, 2011, at the
716:. The process was awarded
643:(1984); the Dire Straits "
524:The Night Before Christmas
36:
29:
2677:Film and video technology
2621:
1826:Children's animated films
1448:
1144:"The day the music lived"
1105:Menache, Alberto (2000).
554:used rotoscoping in the "
341:film loops for their toy
209:over another background.
1735:Animation film festivals
997:
979:www.stephenherbert.co.uk
889:List of rotoscoped works
678:Harry and the Hendersons
2557:Twelve basic principles
2477:Instructional animation
708:Smoking Car Productions
317:had some of his famous
2155:Virtual cinematography
1752:Highest-grossing films
1654:Early TV broadcast era
1312:. Anime News Network.
1215:making-of documentary.
745:During the mid-1990s,
256:
242:
160:
2472:Independent animation
2462:Educational animation
1272:"Trouble in Toontown"
1061:Pointer, Ray (2016).
1043:US patent 1242674
719:U.S. patent 6,061,462
591:The Lord of the Rings
558:" sequence. Director
500:Uses by other studios
446:Accidents Will Happen
248:
236:series of photographs
225:
151:
2672:Animation techniques
2452:Animated documentary
2284:Whiteboard animation
2177:Traditional puppetry
1821:Adult animated films
1730:Biologist simulators
1693:Animation department
1394:at Wikimedia Commons
985:on January 19, 2018.
700:Sita Sings the Blues
622:Tom Waits For No One
448:" (1978), Klaatu's "
429:Mr. Bug Goes to Town
70:improve this article
2525:Character animation
2305:Character animation
1843:Children's animated
1250:www.animatormag.com
824:The Flowers of Evil
796:The Flowers of Evil
681:(closing credits),
472:" (1985), Kansas' "
27:Animation technique
2552:Creature animation
2482:Virtual newscaster
2427:Abstract animation
2259:Ink-wash animation
2249:Humanoid animation
2232:Audio-Animatronics
1796:Lost or unfinished
1720:Animation database
1698:Animation director
1235:. ASIN: B0001NBMIK
1169:on August 25, 2003
1142:(April 22, 2002).
837:The Spine of Night
805:Anime News Network
666:The Secret of NIMH
496:done by software.
460:" (1985), A-ha's "
423:Gulliver's Travels
402:Minnie the Moocher
360:Out of the Inkwell
339:chromolithographed
319:chronophotographic
315:Eadweard Muybridge
257:
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240:Eadweard Muybridge
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1905:Limited animation
1848:Computer-animated
1786:Computer-animated
1708:Animation studios
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1390:Media related to
1118:978-0-12-490630-3
912:Little White Lies
846:Morgan Galen King
759:Richard Linklater
537:", did animators
470:Money for Nothing
326:in the lectures.
146:
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16:(Redirected from
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2609:anime franchises
2584:Cartoon violence
2572:highest grossing
2467:Erotic animation
2442:Animated cartoon
2209:Supermarionation
2182:Digital puppetry
2103:Facial animation
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672:An American Tail
657:Train of Thought
645:Brothers in Arms
551:Yellow Submarine
539:start to explore
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252:Horse in Motion
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819:Hana and Alice
775:Charles Schwab
728:Jordan Mechner
573:The Last Waltz
544:The makers of
501:
498:
454:Lawrence Gowan
370:Dave Fleischer
366:Koko the Clown
350:
347:
343:kinematographs
333:toy companies
311:
308:
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285:garbage mattes
281:onion-skinning
261:visual effects
232:horse's gallop
219:
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195:visual effects
153:Patent drawing
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32:Rotoscope (EP)
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2293:Other methods
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1072:9781476663678
1068:
1065:. Mcfarland.
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385:Mutt and Jeff
381:
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355:Max Fleischer
346:
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335:Gebrüder Bing
332:
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188:Max Fleischer
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157:Max Fleischer
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118:
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108:
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97:
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90:
87: –
86:
85:"Rotoscoping"
82:
81:Find sources:
75:
71:
65:
64:
59:This article
57:
53:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2604:anime series
2562:Motion comic
2431:visual music
2377:Pose to pose
2352:Inbetweening
2332:Chuckimation
2274:Shadowmation
2227:Animatronics
2128:eye tracking
2108:Morph target
2060:Multi-sketch
1914:
1811:Short series
1725:Art pipeline
1703:Story artist
1649:World War II
1518:South Africa
1366:. Retrieved
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1275:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1225:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:the original
1156:
1140:Selvin, Joel
1134:
1124:December 14,
1122:. Retrieved
1107:
1100:
1089:
1062:
1056:
1037:
1024:
1014:
1005:
1001:
991:
983:the original
978:
969:
950:
935:
911:
902:
878:interpolated
835:
834:
827:
823:
817:
811:
809:
794:
789:
780:The Simpsons
778:
768:
762:
747:Bob Sabiston
744:
737:
731:
723:
711:
705:
698:
693:(2000); and
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
638:
632:
626:
620:
618:
613:
607:
606:(1983), and
603:Fire and Ice
601:
597:American Pop
595:
589:
583:
580:Ralph Bakshi
578:
571:
549:
543:
528:
522:
519:Soviet Union
516:
509:
503:
494:inbetweening
490:Peter Foldes
483:
477:
474:All I Wanted
466:Dire Straits
443:
436:
427:
421:
419:
412:
411:(1933), and
406:
400:
397:Cab Calloway
384:
382:
378:
358:
352:
328:
313:
310:Predecessors
292:
289:
258:
250:
198:
192:
183:
163:
162:
132:
123:
113:
106:
99:
92:
80:
68:Please help
63:verification
60:
43:
2530:model sheet
2387:Rubber hose
2310:model sheet
2088:Cel shading
1930:Stop motion
1915:Rotoscoping
1887:Traditional
1816:Stop-motion
1762:Outsourcing
1523:South Korea
1503:Philippines
1498:North Korea
1392:Rotoscoping
1294:October 15,
1008:(1A): 9–11.
880:rotoscoping
767:(2001) and
764:Waking Life
651:" (1985), "
637:(1983) and
628:Heavy Metal
546:the Beatles
506:Walt Disney
479:Delta State
450:Routine Day
265:live-action
199:rotoscoping
164:Rotoscoping
126:August 2016
2661:Categories
2535:walk cycle
2402:Syncro-Vox
2315:walk cycle
2219:Mechanical
2145:Procedural
2045:PowerPoint
1998:Puppetoons
1993:Pixilation
1958:silhouette
1947:strata-cut
1938:Claymation
1879:Techniques
1868:Television
1639:Silent Era
1571:Bangladesh
1566:Azerbaijan
1453:Bangladesh
1442:By country
1346:January 4,
1173:January 8,
937:PopMatters
895:References
695:Nina Paley
690:Titan A.E.
659:" (1986);
649:Take On Me
609:Cool World
568:Neil Young
462:Take On Me
452:" (1979),
408:Snow-White
393:Betty Boop
299:lightsaber
211:Chroma key
207:composited
197:industry,
96:newspapers
39:RotoGraphs
2545:off-model
2515:Key frame
2372:Pixel art
2367:Pinscreen
2325:off-model
2269:Scanimate
2187:Machinima
1986:Brickfilm
1974:go motion
1900:Flip book
1434:Animation
1368:March 11,
1320:April 22,
1284:1059-1028
1081:948547933
755:Media Lab
706:In 1994,
661:Don Bluth
434:film noir
376:costume.
331:Nuremberg
329:By 1902,
294:Star Wars
226:A modern
218:Technique
184:rotoscope
172:animators
168:animation
18:Rotograph
2631:Category
2540:lip sync
2420:Variants
2407:Zoetrope
2357:Morphing
2320:lip sync
2300:Blocking
2192:Aniforms
2169:Puppetry
2150:Skeletal
2017:timeline
2008:Computer
1863:Internet
1745:regional
1681:Animator
1674:Industry
1538:Thailand
1508:Portugal
1488:Malaysia
1341:Deadline
1314:Archived
1288:Archived
1148:Archived
1029:Archived
959:Archived
942:Archived
874:Rotoshop
852:See also
785:Barthood
733:Karateka
703:(2008).
687:(1989),
675:(1986),
669:(1982),
631:(1981),
600:(1981),
594:(1978),
588:(1977),
438:Superman
405:(1932),
2646:Outline
2013:history
1964:Graphic
1910:Masking
1801:Package
1626:Ukraine
1596:Hungary
1558:History
1548:Vietnam
1513:Romania
1473:Estonia
1468:Czechia
1226:Wizards
1198:May 22,
1193:Complex
956:WebLink
829:Kowabon
684:The BFG
614:Wizards
585:Wizards
564:cocaine
305:History
193:In the
110:scholar
2641:Portal
2202:Live2D
2118:facial
2083:T-pose
1981:Object
1954:Cutout
1833:Series
1782:Films
1621:Russia
1591:France
1581:Canada
1576:Brazil
1533:Taiwan
1493:Mexico
1458:Bhutan
1436:topics
1282:
1255:May 6,
1115:
1079:
1069:
1049:
485:Hunger
389:Popeye
166:is an
112:
105:
98:
91:
83:
2457:Anime
2098:Crowd
2040:Flash
1969:Model
1858:Flash
1806:Short
1776:Works
1616:Korea
1611:Japan
1601:India
1586:China
1528:Spain
1483:Japan
1478:India
1463:China
1276:Wired
801:manga
792:anime
374:clown
269:matte
230:of a
203:matte
180:glass
176:frame
117:JSTOR
103:books
2397:Sand
2035:2.5D
1713:List
1686:List
1606:Iran
1370:2021
1348:2023
1322:2013
1296:2008
1280:ISSN
1257:2020
1200:2018
1175:2007
1126:2022
1113:ISBN
1077:OCLC
1067:ISBN
844:and
736:and
456:'s "
391:and
279:and
155:for
89:news
2520:Cel
2093:CGI
2055:CSS
2050:SVG
1229:DVD
1025:Vox
751:MIT
697:'s
663:'s
527:or
488:by
468:' "
399:in
263:in
238:by
228:GIF
72:by
2663::
2075:3D
2027:2D
2015:,
1945:,
1339:.
1286:.
1274:.
1248:.
1191:.
1075:.
1027:.
1023:.
1006:15
977:.
940:.
934:.
920:^
910:.
753:)
742:.
722:,
576:.
548:'
2433:)
2429:(
2019:)
2011:(
1960:)
1956:(
1758:)
1754:(
1426:e
1419:t
1412:v
1372:.
1350:.
1324:.
1298:.
1259:.
1202:.
1177:.
1128:.
1083:.
914:.
139:)
133:(
128:)
124:(
114:·
107:·
100:·
93:·
66:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
