751:
732:
693:
708:
720:
88:
663:
678:
63:
235:
44:
492:
This is a toxic plant. At high doses, an extract of the plant exhibited marked damage to all the major organs of the body in both rats and mice. The toxicity appears to depend on the plant organ studied, as well as the season it is harvested, with the bark collected in the monsoon season being the
987:
Baliga, Manjeshwar
Shrinath; Jagetia, Ganesh Chandra; Ulloor, Jagadish N.; Baliga, Manjeshwar Poonam; Ponemone, Venkatesh; Reddy, Rosi; Rao, Mallikarjun K. V. N.; Baliga, Shivanada Bantwal; Devi, Sulochana; Raju, Sudheer Kumar; Veeresh, Veerapura; Reddy, Tiyyagura Koti; Bairy, Laxminarayana K.
493:
least toxic, and bark in the summer the most. Intraperitoneal administration is much more toxic than oral. Rats were more susceptible to the poison than mice, and pure-bred mice strains were more susceptible than crossbred. The toxic effects may be due to the
586:). It has proved a valuable remedy in chronic diarrhoea and the advanced stages of dysentery. It has also been found effectual in restoring the tone of the stomach and of the system generally in debility after fevers and other exhausting diseases (
594:
as an astringent tonic, anthelmintic, and antiperiodic. It is held in the highest repute in the
Phillippine Islands ." Despite its widespread traditional use as an 'antiperiodic' (a medicine which was supposed to cure the effects of
1152:
750:
731:
1747:
632:
by the chancellor, given to him in turn by the Prime
Minister of India. In recent years, supposedly to prevent excessive damage to the environment, the vice-chancellor of the University accepts one
2189:
1213:
Wright, C. W.; Allen, D.; Cai, Ya; Phillipson, J. D.; Said, I. M.; Kirby, G. C.; Warhurst, D. C. (June 1992). "In vitro antiamoebic and antiplasmodial activities of alkaloids isolated from
370:
base, and the apex is usually rounded and up to 23 cm (9.1 in) long by 8 cm (3.1 in) in width. Lateral veins occur in 25 to 50 pairs, at 80–90° to midvein. The
2567:
527:. Echitamine is the most important alkaloid found in the bark, as it has been detected in all samples studied and collected from several locations. It is commercially sold as a
414:
are oblong, with ciliated margins, and end with tufts of hairs 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long. The bark is almost odorless and very bitter, with abundant bitter and milky
1317:
1742:
3257:
3027:
1514:
3066:
3337:
1171:
Wright, Colin W.; Allen, David; Phillipson, J. David; Kirby, Geoffrey C.; Warhurst, David C.; Massiot, Georges; Le Men-Olivier, Louisette (September 1993). "
1253:
2184:
3382:
3377:
1717:
692:
3218:
2975:
2572:
3270:
3231:
3040:
2988:
1790:
861:
852:
1731:
1697:
1632:
347:. A unique feature of this tree is that in some places, such as New Guinea, the trunk is three-sided (i.e. it is triangular in cross-section).
2861:
1298:
972:
1736:
1712:
1549:
1031:
Bhattacharya, S. K.; Bose, R.; Dutta, S. C.; Ray, A. B.; Guha, S. R. (1979). "Neuropharmacological studies on strictamine isolated from
662:
1726:
225:
3367:
719:
1795:
1707:
1702:
1582:
707:
3387:
3357:
3244:
3014:
2582:
2024:
1927:
900:"Dita / Alstonia scholaris / WHITE CHEESE WOOD / Tang jiao shu /: Philippine Medicinal Herbs / Philippine Alternative Medicine"
677:
343:
tree and grows up to 40 m (130 ft) tall. Its mature bark is grayish and its young branches are copiously marked with
1559:
1637:
3275:
3045:
547:, as it is suitable in nature and the tree grows rapidly and is easy to cultivate. In Sri Lanka its light wood was used for
394:
or broadly obovate, 2–4.5 mm (0.08–0.2 in), overlapping to the left. The ovaries are distinct and pubescent. The
2562:
857:
3372:
2750:
2720:
1375:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1331:
636:
leaf from the chancellor on behalf of all the students. This tradition was initiated by the founder of the
University,
3362:
3192:
2838:
2730:
2506:
1474:
391:
3283:
3115:
2486:
2314:
1993:
1938:
1822:
1544:
1509:
1384:
1366:
3071:
3347:
2685:
2650:
2378:
1883:
1689:
1554:
1370:
1291:
87:
3120:
2866:
3352:
1943:
1827:
1569:
1479:
1379:
1352:
629:
324:
diseases and complaints. It is called 'Saptaparna' in India and is the sacred tree of the 2nd Jain tirthankar
3288:
2962:
2725:
2388:
2361:
2279:
1904:
2967:
2941:
2819:
2766:
939:
2936:
2781:
2537:
2309:
2199:
1674:
1622:
582:
states that "the powerfully bitter bark of this tree is used by the natives of India in bowel complaints (
2640:
2368:
2262:
1529:
1343:
613:
601:
340:
204:
3236:
2853:
2993:
843:
3081:
2910:
2670:
2665:
1899:
1850:
1284:
1079:
990:"The evaluation of the acute toxicity and long term safety of hydroalcoholic extract of Sapthaparna (
607:
560:
2954:
2675:
2660:
2615:
2590:
2557:
2227:
2134:
2004:
1958:
1888:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1837:
1592:
637:
446:
305:
52:
807:
401:
Flowers bloom in the month of
October. The flowers are very fragrant and similar to the flower of
3309:
3141:
2949:
2755:
2680:
2655:
2625:
2326:
2207:
2144:
2069:
1914:
1865:
1721:
1484:
1459:
1234:
564:
250:
82:
2902:
520:
516:
497:
3262:
3032:
3342:
3205:
3089:
2884:
2710:
2700:
2600:
2212:
2109:
2010:
1998:
1977:
1966:
1933:
1679:
1652:
1534:
1469:
1464:
1439:
1434:
1404:
1192:
1044:
1013:
968:
512:
403:
375:
3094:
2552:
2431:
2341:
2336:
2321:
2257:
2237:
2114:
1983:
1948:
1922:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1775:
1519:
1454:
1226:
1184:
1087:
1005:
802:
462:
395:
387:
379:
355:
317:
3058:
2735:
2605:
2501:
2491:
2373:
2284:
2252:
1972:
1752:
1122:
528:
125:
3107:
350:
The upper side of the leaves are glossy, while the underside is greyish. Leaves occur in
2830:
1083:
3102:
2461:
2426:
2396:
2299:
2074:
1988:
1894:
1875:
1767:
1757:
1539:
1444:
452:
351:
309:
112:
3331:
3053:
2740:
2690:
2635:
2610:
2542:
2481:
2441:
2411:
2174:
1780:
1662:
1647:
1504:
1489:
1449:
1412:
1188:
1091:
793:
371:
297:
221:
72:
67:
1238:
784:
3314:
3210:
3146:
2645:
2595:
2471:
2346:
1657:
1617:
1577:
1499:
1429:
556:
390:
is white and tube-like, 6–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long. The lobes are broadly
3197:
3184:
2889:
234:
43:
3173:
2843:
1009:
3001:
2813:
2745:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2451:
2446:
2416:
2304:
2272:
2247:
2217:
2154:
2079:
1602:
1424:
1361:
1308:
1111:
Tonanont, N. Wood used in pencil making. Vanasarn 1974 Vol. 32 No. 3 pp. 225–227
761:
524:
481:
313:
301:
171:
161:
1062:
Yamauchi, Tatsuo; Abe, Fumiko; Padolina, William G.; Dayrit, Fabian M. (1990).
2630:
2620:
2511:
2466:
2421:
2356:
2289:
2222:
2104:
2084:
2044:
1612:
1607:
741:
470:
455:: Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
363:
2804:
2923:
2294:
2149:
2124:
2119:
2064:
2049:
1627:
1494:
1417:
1258:
644:
466:
325:
294:
3133:
1230:
1017:
3301:
2876:
1196:
367:
17:
3296:
3167:
3128:
2798:
2527:
2496:
2476:
2456:
2401:
2351:
2242:
2169:
2139:
2089:
1524:
1048:
899:
648:
509:
494:
344:
181:
151:
138:
3223:
2980:
2897:
2547:
2532:
2164:
2159:
2129:
2059:
2054:
2039:
2034:
1322:
1276:
757:
596:
551:. The wood close to the root is very light and of white colour, and in
458:
437:
359:
3006:
2436:
2406:
2331:
2179:
2099:
2094:
1642:
1597:
822:
568:
552:
548:
544:
441:
321:
3019:
2775:
1063:
358:
1–3 cm (0.4–1 in) long. The leathery leaves are narrowly
2928:
1669:
1587:
1394:
433:
383:
99:
3249:
989:
2267:
2232:
243:
2915:
2779:
1280:
1154:
The useful native plants of
Australia : Including Tasmania
415:
599:), it was found to have little to very weak activity against
304:). It is native to southern China, tropical Asia (mainly the
883:
Forest
Resources of the Territories of Papua and New Guinea
963:
Simon
Gardner, Pindar Sidisunthorn and Lai Ee May, 2011.
2568:
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
320:. It is a toxic plant, but is used traditionally for
1175:
species: are they effective in malaria treatment?".
3157:
2788:
2581:
2520:
2387:
2198:
2023:
1957:
1913:
1874:
1836:
1803:
1789:
1766:
1688:
1568:
1403:
1330:
821:GBIF.org (07 June 2018) GBIF Occurrence Download
628:) are awarded to graduates and postgraduates of
1254:"Why the Saptaparni is called the devil's tree"
928:. Singapore: Govt Printing Office. p. 141.
449:: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
1515:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
1292:
1208:
1206:
1166:
1164:
885:. Melbourne: Government Printer. p. 134.
808:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T32295A2812825.en
8:
982:
980:
543:has been recommended for the manufacture of
2185:List of cities in West Bengal by population
2776:
1800:
1299:
1285:
1277:
484:, India, where it is called Chhatim tree.
233:
61:
42:
31:
806:
575:as the tree for achieving enlightenment.
2573:Discrimination against Bengalis in India
894:
892:
862:United States Department of Agriculture
853:Germplasm Resources Information Network
775:
658:
382:are usually as long as or shorter than
1037:Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
838:
836:
834:
580:The Useful Native Plants of Australia
257:
7:
3082:f782a800-4efd-4a44-9786-19e1ebe8563a
1252:Abhishek Gulshan (22 October 2019).
429:is native to the following regions:
3338:IUCN Red List least concern species
1550:Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
1064:"Alkaloids from leaves and bark of
794:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
555:was used for net floats, household
378:is 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long.
3121:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60445977-2
2767:Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons
926:Wayside Trees of Malaya - Volume 1
823:https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.eokqvq
25:
3383:Least concern biota of Queensland
620:During convocation the leaves of
3378:Least concern flora of Australia
1583:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
1380:Night-flowering jasmine (Shiuli)
749:
730:
718:
706:
691:
676:
661:
86:
3289:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:78759-1
1157:. Sydney: Turner and Henderson.
783:Lakhey, P.; Pathak, J. (2021).
1633:Protected areas of West Bengal
1613:Western plateau and high lands
617:, which both cause diarrhoea.
374:are dense and pubescent. Each
1:
2563:Ethnic communities in Kolkata
924:Corner, Prof. E.J.H. (1952).
858:Agricultural Research Service
725:Close-up of bark in Hong Kong
2751:Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
2721:Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
2190:Cities and towns by district
1743:Parliamentary constituencies
1722:All India Trinamool Congress
1189:10.1016/0378-8741(93)90087-L
1177:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1092:10.1016/0031-9422(90)80208-X
1010:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.01.015
647:of the leaves were used for
2731:Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
1475:Great Bengal famine of 1770
605:. It had no effect against
3404:
2487:Santiniketan Leather Goods
1560:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
1545:Partition of Bengal (1947)
1510:Partition of Bengal (1905)
668:Botanical illustration of
611:, and weak effect against
590:). It is described in the
2764:
2686:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
2651:Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
2379:Ghosts in Bengali culture
1727:Communist Party (Marxist)
1628:Sandakphu (Highest point)
1555:Bangladesh Liberation War
1389:Devil's tree (Saptaparni)
1371:White-throated kingfisher
1315:
881:Lane-Poole, C.E. (1925).
398:are distinct and linear.
256:
249:
241:
232:
210:
203:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
3368:Gentianales of Australia
1732:Indian National Congress
1480:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1353:Banglar Mati Banglar Jol
965:Heritage Trees of Penang
630:Visva-Bharati University
2726:Michael Madhusudan Dutt
2362:Pather Panchali (novel)
2280:Prostitution in Kolkata
1748:Assembly constituencies
1713:Human Rights Commission
967:. Penang: Areca Books.
686:blossom – Mumbai, India
316:, where it is a common
300:in the dogbane family (
3388:Symbols of West Bengal
3358:Flora of tropical Asia
2538:Economy of West Bengal
2310:Architecture of Bengal
1737:Bharatiya Janata Party
1675:Tiger Hill, Darjeeling
1231:10.1002/ptr.2650060303
756:Leaves and flowers in
592:Pharmacopoeia of India
588:Pharmacopoeia of India
508:The bark contains the
354:of three to ten, with
2641:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2263:Rabindra Nritya Natya
1638:Rivers of West Bengal
1530:Bengal famine of 1943
1344:Emblem of West Bengal
1219:Phytotherapy Research
1215:Alstonia angustifolia
1151:J. H. Maiden (1889).
904:www.stuartxchange.org
713:Arrangement of leaves
614:Entamoeba histolytica
602:Plasmodium falciparum
571:is said to have used
480:is the state tree of
242:Occurrence data from
2671:Satyendranath Tagore
2666:Abanindranath Tagore
1708:Legislative Assembly
940:"Alstonia scholaris"
801:: e.T32295A2812825.
608:Giardia intestinalis
3373:Flora of Queensland
2676:Satyendranath Dutta
2661:Jnanadanandini Devi
2616:Subhas Chandra Bose
2591:Rabindranath Tagore
2558:Anglo-Indian people
2228:Arts of West Bengal
1959:Presidency division
1838:Jalpaiguri division
1593:North Bengal plains
1121:Grieve, M. (1931).
1084:1990PChem..29.3321Y
1068:in the Philippines"
994:) in mice and rats"
638:Rabindranath Tagore
447:Indian subcontinent
306:Indian subcontinent
53:Conservation status
3363:Trees of Australia
2955:Alstonia scholaris
2867:Alstonia_scholaris
2820:Alstonia scholaris
2790:Alstonia scholaris
2756:Nihar Ranjan Gupta
2681:Raja Ram Mohan Roy
2656:Sarat Chandra Bose
2626:Bidhan Chandra Roy
2327:Bengali literature
2208:Bengal Renaissance
1915:Medinipur division
1485:Bengal Renaissance
1460:East India Company
1131:A Modern Botanical
1066:Alstonia scholaris
1033:Alstonia scholaris
998:Toxicology Letters
992:Alstonia scholaris
846:Alstonia scholaris
826:Alstonia scholaris
787:Alstonia scholaris
670:Alstonia scholaris
622:Alstonia scholaris
584:Treasury of Botany
565:Theravada Buddhism
541:Alstonia scholaris
478:Alstonia scholaris
427:Alstonia scholaris
337:Alstonia scholaris
293:in English, is an
277:, commonly called
274:Alstonia scholaris
214:Alstonia scholaris
36:Alstonia scholaris
3325:
3324:
3159:Echites scholaris
3090:Open Tree of Life
2782:Taxon identifiers
2773:
2772:
2711:Dwarkanath Tagore
2701:Swami Vivekananda
2601:Kazi Nazrul Islam
2417:Bengal Patachitra
2402:Banglar Rosogolla
2213:Bengali calendars
2110:Jaynagar Majilpur
2019:
2018:
2011:South 24 Parganas
1994:North 24 Parganas
1939:Paschim Medinipur
1823:Paschim Bardhaman
1718:Political parties
1680:Siliguri Corridor
1653:Brahmaputra River
1535:Direct Action Day
1470:Bengal Presidency
1465:Battle of Plassey
1440:Cooch Behar State
1435:Mallabhum kingdom
1078:(10): 3321–3325.
973:978-967-57190-6-6
563:, corks, etc. In
404:Cestrum nocturnum
362:to very narrowly
270:
269:
264:
260:Echites scholaris
196:A. scholaris
76:
16:(Redirected from
3395:
3348:Flora of Guangxi
3318:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3278:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3200:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3061:
3049:
3048:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3022:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2983:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2777:
2432:Dhaniakhali Sari
2342:Professor Shonku
2337:Lalmohan Ganguly
2322:Bengali language
2258:Rabindra Sangeet
2115:Jiaganj Azimganj
1884:Dakshin Dinajpur
1805:Burdwan division
1801:
1776:Matua Mahasangha
1520:Anushilan Samiti
1455:Nawabs of Bengal
1301:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1028:
1022:
1021:
984:
975:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
936:
930:
929:
921:
915:
914:
912:
910:
896:
887:
886:
878:
872:
871:
869:
868:
840:
829:
819:
813:
812:
810:
780:
753:
734:
722:
710:
701:fruit, Australia
695:
680:
665:
463:Papua New Guinea
318:ornamental plant
262:
237:
216:
91:
90:
70:
65:
64:
46:
32:
21:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3353:Flora of Yunnan
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3204:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3065:
3057:
3052:
3044:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3000:
2992:
2987:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2860:
2852:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2784:
2774:
2769:
2760:
2736:Sister Nivedita
2606:Anil Kumar Gain
2577:
2516:
2502:Sundarban Honey
2492:Shantipuri sari
2383:
2285:Pohela Boishakh
2194:
2026:
2015:
1953:
1944:Purba Medinipur
1909:
1870:
1832:
1828:Purba Bardhaman
1794:
1785:
1762:
1753:CID West Bengal
1698:Chief Ministers
1684:
1564:
1399:
1326:
1311:
1305:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1030:
1029:
1025:
986:
985:
978:
962:
958:
948:
946:
944:www.efloras.org
938:
937:
933:
923:
922:
918:
908:
906:
898:
897:
890:
880:
879:
875:
866:
864:
842:
841:
832:
820:
816:
782:
781:
777:
772:
765:
754:
745:
735:
726:
723:
714:
711:
702:
696:
687:
681:
672:
666:
657:
537:
529:herbal medicine
506:
490:
424:
334:
279:blackboard tree
228:
218:
212:
199:
85:
77:
66:
62:
55:
28:
27:Species of tree
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3401:
3399:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:wfo-0001072413
3306:
3293:
3280:
3267:
3254:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3202:
3189:
3179:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:wfo-0001257712
3138:
3125:
3112:
3099:
3086:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2998:
2985:
2972:
2959:
2946:
2933:
2920:
2907:
2894:
2881:
2871:
2858:
2848:
2835:
2825:
2810:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Bengali people
2524:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Jaynagarer Moa
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2427:Darjeeling tea
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:Banglar Muslin
2404:
2399:
2397:Baluchari sari
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2369:Bengali cinema
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2315:Bengal temples
2307:
2302:
2300:Raksha Bandhan
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:Hugli-Chuchura
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1905:Uttar Dinajpur
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1876:Malda division
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1758:Kolkata Police
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:Noakhali riots
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1445:Sher Shah Suri
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1244:
1225:(3): 121–124.
1202:
1160:
1143:
1113:
1104:
1072:Phytochemistry
1054:
1043:(6): 598–600.
1023:
1004:(2): 317–326.
976:
956:
931:
916:
888:
873:
830:
814:
774:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
755:
748:
746:
736:
729:
727:
724:
717:
715:
712:
705:
703:
697:
690:
688:
682:
675:
673:
667:
660:
656:
653:
578:The 1889 book
536:
533:
505:
502:
489:
486:
475:
474:
456:
453:Southeast Asia
450:
444:
423:
420:
333:
330:
310:Southeast Asia
268:
267:
266:
265:
254:
253:
247:
246:
239:
238:
230:
229:
219:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
142:
141:
136:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
79:
78:
60:
57:
56:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3400:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Mother Teresa
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Rani Rashmoni
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Nandalal Bose
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Ritwik Ghatak
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Bihari people
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Tangail Saree
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Nakshi kantha
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Fazli (mango)
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Bankura horse
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1781:Bangla Pokkho
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1768:Rights groups
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:Hooghly River
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Damodar River
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Sovabazar Raj
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Bardhaman Raj
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Mughal Empire
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:Gauda Kingdom
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1332:State symbols
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1144:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
983:
981:
977:
974:
970:
966:
960:
957:
945:
941:
935:
932:
927:
920:
917:
905:
901:
895:
893:
889:
884:
877:
874:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
847:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
824:
818:
815:
809:
804:
800:
796:
795:
790:
788:
779:
776:
769:
763:
759:
752:
747:
743:
739:
733:
728:
721:
716:
709:
704:
700:
694:
689:
685:
679:
674:
671:
664:
659:
654:
652:
650:
646:
643:At one time,
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
615:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
503:
501:
500:in the bark.
499:
496:
487:
485:
483:
479:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
443:
439:
435:
432:
431:
430:
428:
421:
419:
417:
413:
408:
406:
405:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:tropical tree
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
261:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
240:
236:
231:
227:
223:
217:
215:
209:
206:
205:Binomial name
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:Tracheophytes
111:
108:
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68:Least Concern
58:
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37:
33:
30:
19:
3158:
3108:tro-50185720
2789:
2646:Meghnad Saha
2596:Satyajit Ray
2521:Demographics
2472:Manasa chali
2347:Tarini Khuro
2135:Krishnanagar
1658:Teesta River
1618:Ganges Delta
1578:Bengal Basin
1500:Jhargram Raj
1430:Sena dynasty
1388:
1321:
1263:. Retrieved
1257:
1247:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1183:(1): 41–45.
1180:
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1153:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
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907:. Retrieved
903:
882:
876:
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851:
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738:A. scholaris
737:
699:A. scholaris
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684:A. scholaris
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573:A. scholaris
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567:, the first
540:
539:The wood of
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422:Distribution
412:A. scholaris
411:
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349:
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291:devil's tree
290:
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283:scholar tree
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35:
29:
3002:iNaturalist
2814:Wikispecies
2746:Amartya Sen
2716:Sukumar Ray
2706:Sarada Devi
2696:Ramakrishna
2452:Gobindobhog
2447:Garad Saree
2389:GI products
2305:Ratha Yatra
2273:Dol Purnima
2248:Chhau dance
2155:Murshidabad
2080:Cooch Behar
1900:Murshidabad
1851:Cooch Behar
1603:Rarh region
1425:Pala Empire
1362:Fishing cat
1309:West Bengal
1265:14 February
762:West Bengal
525:strictamine
482:West Bengal
332:Description
314:Australasia
302:Apocynaceae
172:Apocynaceae
162:Gentianales
126:Angiosperms
3332:Categories
3103:Plant List
3020:60445977-2
2631:Jyoti Basu
2621:Jamini Roy
2512:Tulaipanji
2467:Madurkathi
2422:Chhau mask
2357:Kiriti Roy
2290:Durga Puja
2223:Chalchitra
2218:Patachitra
2105:Jalpaiguri
2085:Darjeeling
2045:Berhampore
2025:Cities and
2007:(declared)
2005:Sundarbans
2001:(declared)
1980:(declared)
1969:(declared)
1930:(declared)
1891:(declared)
1889:Berhampore
1861:Jalpaiguri
1856:Darjeeling
1846:Alipurduar
1690:Governance
1608:Sundarbans
867:2012-03-30
828:(L.) R.Br.
770:References
744:, Malaysia
742:Terengganu
645:decoctions
634:saptaparni
626:saptaparni
521:echitamine
517:echitenine
498:echitamine
471:Queensland
364:spathulate
18:Saptaparna
3174:Q38441020
2968:200018323
2942:200018323
2553:Rajbanshi
2295:Bhai Dooj
2150:Midnapore
2125:Kharagpur
2120:Kalimpong
2070:Bishnupur
2065:Bardhaman
2050:Balurghat
1928:Bishnupur
1866:Kalimpong
1796:districts
1791:Divisions
1570:Geography
1495:Nadia Raj
1418:Shashanka
1307:State of
1259:The Hindu
561:trenchers
510:alkaloids
504:Chemistry
467:Australia
410:Seeds of
396:follicles
366:, with a
345:lenticels
326:Ajitnatha
295:evergreen
190:Species:
96:Kingdom:
3343:Alstonia
3297:Tropicos
3263:11322135
3168:Wikidata
3134:50185720
3129:Tropicos
3033:10200775
2874:BioLib:
2854:251-6-1e
2799:Wikidata
2497:Sitabhog
2477:Mihidana
2457:Himsagar
2352:Kakababu
2243:Gombhira
2170:Siliguri
2140:Kurseong
2090:Durgapur
1999:Ranaghat
1978:Ichamati
1967:Basirhat
1934:Jhargram
1703:Governor
1525:Jugantar
1239:86802484
1217:roots".
1173:Alstonia
1125:Alstonia
1018:15183456
988:(2004).
649:beriberi
557:utensils
513:ditamine
495:alkaloid
488:Toxicity
380:Pedicels
376:peduncle
356:petioles
341:glabrous
287:milkwood
251:Synonyms
183:Alstonia
168:Family:
152:Asterids
139:Eudicots
73:IUCN 3.1
3302:1801406
3250:78759-1
3224:3169666
2981:5414410
2898:Ecocrop
2805:Q135307
2548:Adivasi
2253:Cuisine
2200:Culture
2165:Raiganj
2160:Purulia
2130:Kolkata
2060:Barasat
2055:Bankura
2040:Asansol
2035:Alipore
1984:Kolkata
1949:Purulia
1923:Bankura
1818:Hooghly
1813:Birbhum
1623:Climate
1405:History
1323:Kolkata
1318:Capital
1197:8246529
1136:29 June
1080:Bibcode
949:29 June
909:29 June
764:, India
758:Kolkata
655:Gallery
597:malaria
549:coffins
545:pencils
459:Oceania
438:Guangxi
388:corolla
368:cuneate
360:obovate
178:Genus:
158:Order:
100:Plantae
71: (
3276:184804
3198:166976
3185:125546
3182:APDB:
3095:749453
3079:NZOR:
3046:184803
3007:189179
2916:596591
2877:667381
2851:APSA:
2828:AoFP:
2583:People
2543:Gurkha
2437:Dhokra
2332:Feluda
2180:Tamluk
2100:Howrah
2095:Haldia
1973:Howrah
1598:Dooars
1393:Fish:
1376:Flower
1358:Animal
1349:Anthem
1340:Emblem
1237:
1195:
1097:1 July
1049:500142
1047:
1016:
971:
569:Buddha
553:Borneo
442:Yunnan
386:. The
352:whorls
322:myriad
312:) and
3258:IRMNG
3237:14864
3211:38M3Y
3072:52822
3059:32295
3028:IRMNG
2950:FoAO2
2929:ATNSC
2844:83915
2374:Jatra
2238:Bhadu
2175:Siuri
2145:Malda
2027:towns
1989:Nadia
1895:Malda
1670:Khoai
1643:Ganga
1588:Terai
1395:Ilish
1235:S2CID
434:China
392:ovate
384:calyx
372:cymes
339:is a
226:R.Br.
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
3284:POWO
3271:ITIS
3245:IPNI
3232:GRIN
3219:GBIF
3193:APNI
3116:POWO
3067:NCBI
3054:IUCN
3041:ITIS
3015:IPNI
2994:2688
2989:GRIN
2976:GBIF
2924:EPPO
2890:C8VD
2862:ATRF
2839:APNI
2831:4149
2268:Holi
2233:Baul
1793:and
1385:Tree
1367:Bird
1267:2023
1193:PMID
1138:2007
1099:2021
1045:PMID
1014:PMID
969:ISBN
951:2007
911:2007
799:2021
535:Uses
523:and
308:and
244:GBIF
3310:WFO
3206:CoL
3142:WFO
2963:FoC
2937:FNA
2911:EoL
2903:379
2885:CoL
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