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329:. Other historians like Sailendra Nath Sen are of the opinion that Mahasenagupta - already under pressure from the Maukharis (for failing to provide adequate protection) - wouldn't have knowingly appointed Shashanka to such an important position. Middleton (2015) argues in a similar vein that Shashanka served as
621:
states that this account is doubtful because it was written 500 years after the alleged persecution, and that it is "unsafe to accept the statements recorded in this book as historical". Radhagovinda Basak states that there is no reason to believe that this 12th century
Buddhist author had cherished
283:
armies began attacking the declining empire from multiple sides. Defence of the vast empire put a strain on the royal treasury. Though the Huns were initially driven out, the protracted invasions quickened the downfall of the Gupta kings. It may be noted that Indian archeologist
Shanker Sharma has
1001:
Shashanka's feat in bringing the many tribes and kingdoms under a single flag becomes clear only after his death. Chaos broke out in Bengal with the demise of the Gauda
Kingdom. In Pala inscriptions, this time is called Matsyanyayam, implying times of 'jungle rule' when big fish swallow up small
470:, and his allies. It is evident that Shashanka had to retreat from Kannauj. The result of the battle was inconclusive as Shashanka is documented to have retained dominion over his lands. Shashanka continued to rule Gauda with frequent attacks from Harsha, which he is known to have faced bravely.
564:
As king, Shashanka continued many Gupta-era traditions, e.g., making land grants to
Brahmins, as evidenced by the copperplate inscriptions from the era. Gold and silver coins, known as Dinars, issued by Shashanka have also been discovered. He vigorously propagated Hinduism, and had
398:
The princes were brought back to Gauda as prisoners but released shortly thereafter. They supposedly returned to their kingdom as feudatories under
Shashanka. After the death of Shasanka the capital city Karnasuvarna passed in to the hands of Bhaskaravarman. However
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remarked, “The whole of Gauḍa was once known as Gauḍa Desh. The
Bengali language only a few days ago was known as Gauḍiya Bhasha… Even now in many parts of India Bengalis are known as Gauḍiya. So, if one attempts to write our history, one must begin with Gaur.”
263:'s writings, he is mentioned as She-Shang-Kia. He is also called Śaśānka Gaur, which initially lent credence to the claim that he was descended from the later Gaur. In Sinha's Dynastic History of Magadha, the names 'Śaśānka' and 'Soma' are used interchangeably.
590:
Three copperplate inscriptions issued by King
Shashanka have been discovered. Two of these were issued in his 8th and 10th regnal years and discovered from Midnapore. The other, known as the Egra Copperplate, was discovered near Kharagpur and bears no date.
364:
Not many historical references to the Gauda Army are available. Like its predecessor, the Late Gupta army, Shashanka's army had infantry and cavalry units. D. C. Sircar (1990) reports that the Gauda army also fielded a strong elephant corps in
Kamarupa.
478:
This is a part of Harsha's
Invasion of Bengal, Shashanka marched towards Karnasubarna and sieged it, Harsha's general fled to the East Bengal from the battlefield and by this Harshavardhana got a heavy damage from the side of Gauda Kingdom.
164:
Shashanka, is credited with creating the
Bengali calendar. The term Bangabda (Bangla year) is found too in two Shiva temples many centuries older than Akbar era, suggesting that a Bengali calendar existed long before Akbar's time.
235:
took Shashanka to be a son of Mahasenagupta. R D Banerji concluded that he was descended from the Magadha Guptas. These views are opposed by other historians like B. S. Sinha and John Middleton, citing lack of evidence.
998:. Many historians and commentators argue that Shashanka was the first independent king of not only Gauda, but of Bengal. As such he is a symbolic figure in the region's aspirations for independence and self-rule.
545:
Shashanka, at first glance, appears like a "warlike monarch." His endless invasions and conquests tell of a king intent upon growing his kingdom. Sen describes Shashanka as a 'military adventurer', not unlike
581:
To commemorate his coronation, he started the Bengali era called 'Bangabda' in accordance with earlier Hindu tradition of year counting, which has now become a symbol of Bengal and Bengali cultural identity.
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Historians argue that the unique Gauda style of composition developed with the development of poetry in the courts of the princes of Bengal. These princes of Bengal are none other than the Lords of Gauda.
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emerged, and started vying for control of the many pieces of the former empire. Shashanka emerged as one of these ambitious local rulers, aiming to seize control of Gauda and its surrounding region.
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391:(Assam). The Varman king died early in the war, and his two sons stepped up. The Doobi Copper Plate inscriptions tell us that the Gauda army fought and defeated the king, and princes
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succeeded his brother as ruler of Thanesar in 606 C.E. and he once again gathered the army and attacked Kannauj. Shashanka and his allies fought a major war with the then emperor of
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340:
Whether Shashanka was a feudatory under the Maukharis or the Guptas is not known. By 605 C.E. following Mahasenagupta's death, Shashanka had established what became known as the
325:. And that after the death of Mahasenagupta, Shashanka drove the later Guptas and other prominent nobles out of the region and established his own kingdom with his capital at
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Like many pre-medieval Indian kings, Shashanka is said to have grasped the importance of consolidating his position. He formed astute political alliances, notably with the
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1030:(manmade lake) measuring over 140 acres. That is nearly equal to the total area of 80 football fields. Its aesthetics show clear influences of the Hindu
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who travelled in Bengal about 638 CE, shortly after the death of Shashanka, didn't mention the name of Karnasuvarna's ruler in his description.
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The History of North-Eastern India Extending from the Foundation of the Gupta Empire to the Rise of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal (c. A.D. 320-760)
2006:
The History of North-Eastern India Extending from the Foundation of the Gupta Empire to the Rise of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal (c. A.D. 320-760)
990:
King Shashanka's unification, and subsequent defence, of local, disparate kingdoms including Vanga, Samatata and Gauda, against the mighty king
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Rajyavardhana was killed by Shashanka. No conclusive evidence exists but it is possible that Shashanka, who joined the battle as an ally of
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Not much is known about the early life of Shashanka. Historian D K Ganguly is reported to have concluded that he was a native of Magadha.
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franchise. The movie is based on the discovery of a riddle by the lead trio which leads to a hidden treasure of King Shashanka. It stars
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There are several major contemporary sources of information on his life, including copperplates from his vassal Madhavavarma (king of
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immediately set out with 10,000 cavalrymen to recapture Kanyakubja and avenge his sister Rajyashri. Rajyavardhana fought and killed
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in the small town of Rohtas in the kingdom of Magadha. The seal bore a curt inscription, "Mahasamanta Shashankadeva."
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any ill feeling about 7th century Shashanka, and he may have had reasons to describe the events as they occurred.
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and set his eyes on Magadha. Magadha at that time was under Maukhari rule, and Shashanka vowed to free it again.
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James Lochtefeld (2002), "Jyotisha" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing,
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in Kanyakubja was more of a "confederation of all those who held a grudge", and that it was led by Shashanka.
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argued that the empire's end was precipitated by a massive deluge around the middle of the sixth century C.E.
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Shashanka's name appears in multiple forms, including Śaśānka and Śaśānka-deva. The name is derived from
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550:. But for a pre-medieval Indian king, endless battles, regicide, revenge and intrigue are not uncommon.
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Now because the ruling dynasties of Kanyakubja and Sthaniswara were related by matrimony, Thanesar king
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1057:. He found Shashanka to be a potent symbol of Bengal's glorious past and future political aspirations.
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Location of the Shahshankas and fragmented South Asian polities circa 600 CE, after the retreat of the
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Brahmins and Vedic Brahmins invited into his kingdom, presumably from Kanyakubja, among other places.
509:, his kingdom included more than just that region. By the end of his reign, his domain stretched from
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248:, as another name for the Moon. Śaśānka-deva therefore loosely translates to Moon god. The Hindu god
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Near the end of the sixth century, the empire was ruled over by a feeble ruler belonging to the
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Published in 1914, Shashanka is a historical novel penned by the famous Indian archaeologist
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It appears that between 595 and 600 C.E. the Gauda army had carried out attacks against the
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1985:
Furui, Ryosuke (2011). "Panchrol (Egra) Copperplate Inscription of the Time of Śaśāṅka".
344:. From there, he issued gold coins to celebrate his triumph, and came to be addressed as
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2451:, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, London, 2, 1979
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Political History, in Barpujari, H K (ed.), The Comprehensive History of Assam (Vol-1)
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And Supratisthita The princes are described as fighting a mighty elephantry force.
326:
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Some historians believe that Shashanka began his career as a feudatory chief (maha
296:
292:
272:
181:
1716:
629:, who ruled the kingdom for eight months. However, Gauda was soon divided amongst
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had left the disintegrating empire in chaos. Numerous local kings and rulers like
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of Bengal and was an oppressor of Buddhism. Shashanka is reputed to have cut the
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on the way. As he continued towards Kanyakubja, he came across Shashanka's army.
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Sen (1977) has shown that none other than Shashanka could have defeated the
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1783:(second ed.). India: New Age International (P) Limited. p. 276.
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994:, is considered seminal in the formation of the idea, and the polity, of
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212:), copperplates of his rivals Harsha and Bhaskaravarman, the accounts of
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seated facing on lotus; being watered by small elephants at either side.
151:. He reigned in the 7th century, some historians place his rule between
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17:
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1248:
Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib
995:
991:
630:
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467:
459:
448:
310:
The first mention of Shashanka is found in the 7th century hill fort
169:
144:
1323:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (b).
1144:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (b).
143:: শশাঙ্ক) was the first independent king of a unified polity in the
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600:
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534:
528:
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301:
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A 12th century text states that Shashanka destroyed the Buddhist
216:, who was a bard in the court of Harsha, and of the Chinese monk
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2413:
505:
Though Shashanka remains known, and referred to, as the Lord of
498:
rulers of Magadha. Next, he focused on extending his kingdom to
437:, murdered him. The only source available in this matter is the
161:, whereas other sources place his reign between 590 and 625 CE.
2458:
1556:. Guwahati, India: Publication Board, Assam. pp. 94–171.
1210:
Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures
411:
Hans Bakker argues that the army that set out to attack the
372:
describes the Gauda army as fielding a strong naval force.
2165:"Exploring Bengal's medieval history in the ruins of Gaur"
1066:(2022) is an adventure thriller and the third film in the
625:
Following his death, Shashanka was succeeded by his son,
447:, who was a childhood friend and constant companion of
1891:
Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India
1607:
1605:
1573:
Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India
3746:
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
533:
Coin of Śaśānka-deva, king of Gauda, circa 600–630.
407:
Campaign against the Maukharis of Kanyakubja (Kanauj)
2301:
Chitrolekha International Magazine on Art and Design
279:
in 467 C.E. On top of that, starting circa 480 C.E.
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Coinage of Sasanka Deva. Samatata type. Assam mint.
111:
99:
87:
83:
73:
63:
55:
48:
34:
1894:(2nd ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 125.
1576:(2nd ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 124.
451:; neither of these men were present at the death.
1740:
1738:
1485:(Second ed.). India: New Age International.
1390:Journal of Oriental Research (Ed. J.A.S. Burgess)
1362:. India: Abhinav Publications. pp. 131–133.
2126:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.
1037:According to Bengali folk lore and legends, the
376:Campaign against the Varmans of Kamarupa (Assam)
1693:India: Abhinav Publications. pp. 129–131.
1690:Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D.
1456:India: Abhinav Publications. pp. 129–131.
1453:Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D.
1041:was excavated at the behest of King Shashanka.
1034:school of architecture, design and aesthetics.
2693:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
1852:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 60.
275:saw a series of weak kings after the death of
220:, and also coins minted in Shashanka's reign.
2470:
607:where the Buddha found enlightenment, in the
8:
1643:"History of Bengal, Vol.1, by Majumdar R.C."
306:The Rohtasgarh Fort, built circa 7th century
3363:List of cities in West Bengal by population
1053:, who is best known for his discoveries in
231:The same source reports that the historian
2978:
2477:
2463:
2455:
2254:Hermann Kulke, Dietmar Rothermund (1998),
1970:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1941:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1005:It is thought that the development of the
291:, Mahasenagupta (r. c. 562-601 C.E.). The
31:
502:, parts of Central Provinces, and Bihar.
455:War with Harsha of Sthanisvara (Thanesar)
3751:Discrimination against Bengalis in India
2028:. Oxford University Press. p. 260.
1277:. Oxford University Press. p. 353.
1213:. Vol. 1. Birkhäuser. p. 260.
517:while in the east, his kingdom bordered
2069:. Dacca: University of Dacca. pp.
1780:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
1482:Ancient Indian history and civilization
1250:. Penguin Books India. pp. 96–98.
1103:
487:Shashanka first established himself in
2090:. Dacca: University of Dacca. p.
1963:
1934:
982:Commenting on the symbolism of Gauda,
641:, the latter even managing to conquer
2310:from the original on 21 December 2019
2175:from the original on 11 November 2020
2109:. Sambodhi Publications. p. 134.
2008:. Sambodhi Publications. p. 155.
1960:(in Bengali) (1st ed.). Kolkata.
1931:(in Bengali) (1st ed.). Kolkata.
1637:
1635:
1421:"Deluge drowned mighty Guptas: Study"
1337:from the original on 24 February 2021
1158:from the original on 24 February 2021
7:
2388:from the original on 18 January 2024
2349:from the original on 18 January 2024
2274:from the original on 18 January 2024
2144:from the original on 6 February 2022
1908:from the original on 6 February 2023
1866:from the original on 18 January 2024
1797:from the original on 2 February 2023
1697:from the original on 18 January 2024
1590:from the original on 6 February 2023
1499:from the original on 2 February 2023
1460:from the original on 18 January 2024
1400:from the original on 18 January 2024
1366:from the original on 18 January 2024
1227:from the original on 18 January 2024
1188:from the original on 22 October 2021
1009:took place under Shashanka's reign.
537:seated facing on bull seated left /
2728:Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
1956:Bandyopadhyay, Sunil Kumar (1997).
1431:from the original on 19 August 2019
3945:Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons
2449:Two Interesting Coins of Shashanka
2163:Ganesan, V. B. (27 January 2014).
1758:from the original on 18 April 2021
1687:Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad (1977).
1450:Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad (1977).
1356:Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad (1977).
1118:from the original on 24 April 2021
256:as He holds the moon on his head.
27:Founder of Gauda Kingdom of Bengal
25:
2235:from the original on 14 June 2015
2205:from the original on 22 June 2020
2084:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1943).
2063:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1943).
1846:Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1993).
1673:Shashanka - Vol.1 শশাঙ্ক - খন্ড ১
1657:Shashanka - Vol.1 শশাঙ্ক - খন্ড ১
1281:from the original on 7 March 2023
2761:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
2558:Night-flowering jasmine (Shiuli)
2123:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2120:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1849:A History of Sanskrit Literature
1827:from the original on 1 July 2020
1723:from the original on 3 July 2018
1396:. Popular Prakashan: 197. 1878.
1320:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1317:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1141:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1138:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1136:For a map of the territory, see
673:
655:
2374:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 69.
1271:Monier Monier-Williams (1923).
1178:"Egra Copper Plate Inscription"
2811:Protected areas of West Bengal
2791:Western plateau and high lands
2368:Bhattacharya, Asok K. (1999).
2335:. Concept Publishing Company.
1521:World Monarchies and Dynasties
352:Military campaigns and warfare
321:) under Mahasenagupta, of the
1:
3741:Ethnic communities in Kolkata
1615:The World of the Skandapurāṇa
1274:A Sanskrit–English Dictionary
1018:Sarasanka Dighi (folk legend)
427:
152:
3929:Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
3899:Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
3368:Cities and towns by district
2921:Parliamentary constituencies
2900:All India Trinamool Congress
2105:Basak, Radhagovinda (1967).
2004:Basak, Radhagovinda (1967).
1777:Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999).
3974:7th-century Indian monarchs
3969:6th-century Indian monarchs
3909:Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
2653:Great Bengal famine of 1770
2294:"A Note on Sarasanka Dighi"
2050:"The Wonder That Was India"
1359:Dynastic History of Magadha
1246:Nitish K. Sengupta (2011).
1045:Shashanka (popular culture)
1013:In folk and popular culture
293:decline of the Gupta empire
3995:
3665:Santiniketan Leather Goods
2738:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
2723:Partition of Bengal (1947)
2688:Partition of Bengal (1905)
1751:World History Encyclopedia
1524:. Routledge. p. 330.
1184:. Indian Museum, Kolkata.
333:to a Gauda king, possibly
200:Map of the Shashankas or "
168:He is the contemporary of
3942:
3864:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
3829:Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
3557:Ghosts in Bengali culture
2905:Communist Party (Marxist)
2806:Sandakphu (Highest point)
2733:Bangladesh Liberation War
2567:Devil's tree (Saptaparni)
2549:White-throated kingfisher
2493:
1026:, Sarasanka is a massive
39:
2910:Indian National Congress
2658:Indian Rebellion of 1857
2531:Banglar Mati Banglar Jol
2332:Bengal: The Unique State
1518:Middleton, John (2015).
1092:List of rulers of Bengal
1022:Situated in present-day
586:Copperplate inscriptions
393:Bhaskaravarma of kamrupa
3904:Michael Madhusudan Dutt
3540:Pather Panchali (novel)
3458:Prostitution in Kolkata
2926:Assembly constituencies
2891:Human Rights Commission
2437:, Dacca, 1943, pp 58–68
2408:Karnasubarner Guptodhon
2371:Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay
1927:Roy, Ajit Nath (1995).
1182:Indian Museum (Kolkata)
1063:Karnasubarner Guptodhon
1051:Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay
595:Suppression of Buddhism
525:Rule and administration
348:(king of great kings).
3716:Economy of West Bengal
3488:Architecture of Bengal
2915:Bharatiya Janata Party
2853:Tiger Hill, Darjeeling
1207:Jan Gyllenbok (2018).
542:
361:
307:
233:Padmanath Bhattacharya
205:
3819:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3441:Rabindra Nritya Natya
2816:Rivers of West Bengal
2708:Bengal famine of 1943
2522:Emblem of West Bengal
1886:Sircar, Dineshchandra
1618:. BRILL. p. 90.
1612:Bakker, Hans (2014).
1568:Sircar, Dineshchandra
984:Akshay Kumar Maitreya
532:
474:Siege of Karnasubarna
359:
305:
199:
180:. His capital was at
156: 600 and 636/7
3849:Satyendranath Tagore
3844:Abanindranath Tagore
2886:Legislative Assembly
2447:P. K. Bhttacharyya,
2329:Nanda, J.N. (2005).
2292:Maity, Atanunandan.
2260:, Psychology Press,
2025:India's Ancient Past
1552:Sircar, D C (1990).
970:class=notpageimage|
192:Contemporary sources
3854:Satyendranath Dutta
3839:Jnanadanandini Devi
3794:Subhas Chandra Bose
3769:Rabindranath Tagore
3736:Anglo-Indian people
3406:Arts of West Bengal
3137:Presidency division
3016:Jalpaiguri division
2771:North Bengal plains
1958:Bongabder Utsokotha
1479:Sen, N. S. (1999).
323:Later Gupta Dynasty
289:Later Gupta dynasty
147:region, called the
3934:Nihar Ranjan Gupta
3859:Raja Ram Mohan Roy
3834:Sarat Chandra Bose
3804:Bidhan Chandra Roy
3505:Bengali literature
3386:Bengal Renaissance
3093:Medinipur division
2663:Bengal Renaissance
2638:East India Company
2257:A History of India
1386:"Indian Antiquary"
1060:The Bengali movie
543:
362:
308:
206:
3951:
3950:
3889:Dwarkanath Tagore
3879:Swami Vivekananda
3779:Kazi Nazrul Islam
3595:Bengal Patachitra
3580:Banglar Rosogolla
3391:Bengali calendars
3288:Jaynagar Majilpur
3197:
3196:
3189:South 24 Parganas
3172:North 24 Parganas
3117:Paschim Medinipur
3001:Paschim Bardhaman
2896:Political parties
2858:Siliguri Corridor
2831:Brahmaputra River
2713:Direct Action Day
2648:Bengal Presidency
2643:Battle of Plassey
2618:Cooch Behar State
2613:Mallabhum kingdom
2435:History of Bengal
2087:History of Bengal
2066:History of Bengal
2035:978-0-19-566714-1
1929:Prosongo Bongabdo
1901:978-81-208-0690-0
1583:978-81-208-0690-0
1257:978-0-14-341678-4
1220:978-3-319-57598-8
1076:Arjun Chakrabarty
483:Extent of kingdom
259:The Chinese monk
252:is also known as
184:, in present-day
126:
125:
50:1st King of Gauda
16:(Redirected from
3986:
3964:Rulers of Bengal
3610:Dhaniakhali Sari
3520:Professor Shonku
3515:Lalmohan Ganguly
3500:Bengali language
3436:Rabindra Sangeet
3293:Jiaganj Azimganj
3062:Dakshin Dinajpur
2983:Burdwan division
2979:
2954:Matua Mahasangha
2698:Anushilan Samiti
2633:Nawabs of Bengal
2479:
2472:
2465:
2456:
2444:, Calcutta, 1962
2418:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1314:
1308:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1082:in lead roles.
1007:Bengali calendar
964:
962:
953:
951:
940:
938:
931:
929:
922:
920:
913:
911:
902:
900:
893:
890:
882:
880:
873:
871:
862:
860:
853:
851:
844:
842:
835:
833:
826:
824:
817:
815:
808:
806:
799:
797:
788:
786:
779:
777:
770:
768:
761:
759:
750:
748:
741:
739:
732:
730:
723:
721:
714:
712:
705:
703:
696:
694:
687:
685:
678:
677:
669:
667:
659:
609:Mahabodhi Temple
432:
429:
240:Names and titles
204:", circa 600 CE.
188:in West Bengal.
160:
154:
32:
21:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3938:
3914:Sister Nivedita
3784:Anil Kumar Gain
3755:
3694:
3680:Sundarban Honey
3670:Shantipuri sari
3561:
3463:Pohela Boishakh
3372:
3204:
3193:
3131:
3122:Purba Medinipur
3087:
3048:
3010:
3006:Purba Bardhaman
2972:
2963:
2940:
2931:CID West Bengal
2876:Chief Ministers
2862:
2742:
2577:
2504:
2489:
2483:
2427:
2425:Further reading
2422:
2421:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2382:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2343:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2268:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1987:Pratna Samiksha
1984:
1983:
1979:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1746:"Gauda Kingdom"
1744:
1743:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1584:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1493:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1331:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1307:, pages 326–327
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1221:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1112:"Gauda Kingdom"
1110:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1088:
1072:Abir Chatterjee
1047:
1020:
1015:
980:
979:
978:
972:
966:
965:
960:
958:
956:
954:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
936:
934:
932:
927:
925:
923:
918:
916:
914:
909:
907:
905:
903:
898:
896:
894:
888:
885:
883:
878:
876:
874:
869:
867:
865:
863:
858:
856:
854:
849:
847:
845:
840:
838:
836:
831:
829:
827:
822:
820:
818:
813:
811:
809:
804:
802:
800:
793:
791:
789:
784:
782:
780:
775:
773:
771:
766:
764:
762:
757:
755:
753:
751:
746:
744:
742:
737:
735:
733:
728:
726:
724:
719:
717:
715:
710:
708:
706:
701:
699:
697:
692:
690:
688:
683:
681:
679:
672:
670:
665:
663:
661:
651:
597:
588:
575:
573:Art and culture
527:
485:
457:
431: 606 C.E.
430:
409:
378:
354:
346:Maharajadhiraja
269:
254:Shashank Sekhar
242:
226:
194:
155:
42:
41:Maharajadhiraja
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3981:
3979:Kings of Gauda
3976:
3971:
3966:
3956:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:Bengali people
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3640:Jaynagarer Moa
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Darjeeling tea
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3585:Banglar Muslin
3582:
3577:
3575:Baluchari sari
3571:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Bengali cinema
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3493:Bengal temples
3485:
3480:
3478:Raksha Bandhan
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Hugli-Chuchura
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3083:Uttar Dinajpur
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3054:Malda division
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2936:Kolkata Police
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2718:Noakhali riots
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Sher Shah Suri
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2440:Sudhir R Das,
2438:
2431:R. C. Majumdar
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2399:
2380:
2360:
2341:
2321:
2284:
2266:
2246:
2216:
2195:"Matsyanyayam"
2186:
2155:
2136:
2112:
2097:
2076:
2055:
2041:
2034:
2011:
1996:
1977:
1948:
1919:
1900:
1877:
1858:
1838:
1808:
1789:
1769:
1734:
1708:
1679:
1663:
1647:
1631:
1624:
1601:
1582:
1559:
1544:
1530:
1510:
1491:
1471:
1442:
1411:
1377:
1348:
1329:
1309:
1292:
1263:
1256:
1238:
1219:
1199:
1169:
1150:
1129:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1046:
1043:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
968:
967:
955:
942:
933:
924:
915:
904:
895:
884:
875:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
790:
781:
772:
763:
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
671:
660:
654:
653:
652:
650:
647:
635:Bhaskaravarman
619:R. C. Majumdar
596:
593:
587:
584:
574:
571:
526:
523:
484:
481:
456:
453:
408:
405:
385:Susthitavarman
377:
374:
370:Bhaskaravarman
368:Kamarupa king
353:
350:
268:
265:
241:
238:
225:
222:
193:
190:
174:Bhaskaravarman
124:
123:
113:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3991:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:Mother Teresa
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Rani Rashmoni
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Nandalal Bose
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
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3797:
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3789:Ritwik Ghatak
3787:
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3711:Bihari people
3709:
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3697:
3691:
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3685:Tangail Saree
3683:
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3660:Nakshi kantha
3658:
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3643:
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3620:Fazli (mango)
3618:
3616:
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3608:
3606:
3603:
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3598:
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3590:Bankura horse
3588:
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2959:Bangla Pokkho
2957:
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2946:Rights groups
2943:
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2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:Hooghly River
2839:
2837:
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2829:
2827:
2826:Damodar River
2824:
2822:
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2689:
2686:
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2683:Sovabazar Raj
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Bardhaman Raj
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
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2631:
2629:
2628:Mughal Empire
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:Gauda Kingdom
2589:
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2537:
2534:
2532:
2528:
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2523:
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2515:
2513:
2511:
2510:State symbols
2507:
2503:
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2497:
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2342:9788180691492
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2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:Sharma, R. S.
2015:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1949:
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1938:
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1923:
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1859:9788120811003
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1790:9788122411980
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1625:9789004277144
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1533:
1531:9781317451587
1527:
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1511:
1498:
1494:
1492:81-224-1198-3
1488:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1430:
1426:
1425:The Telegraph
1422:
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1305:0-8239-2287-1
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1033:
1032:Vastu Shastra
1029:
1025:
1017:
1012:
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1008:
1003:
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985:
976:
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939:
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881:
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852:
843:
834:
832:SHAILODBHAVAS
825:
816:
807:
798:
796:
787:
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769:
760:
749:
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731:
722:
713:
704:
695:
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623:
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560:
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531:
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469:
465:
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454:
452:
450:
446:
442:
441:
440:Harshacharita
436:
425:
421:
420:Rajyavardhana
416:
414:
406:
404:
402:
396:
394:
390:
386:
383:
375:
373:
371:
366:
358:
351:
349:
347:
343:
342:Gauda Kingdom
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
285:
282:
278:
274:
267:Rise to power
266:
264:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
239:
237:
234:
229:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
203:
202:Gauda Kingdom
198:
191:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
162:
159:
150:
149:Gauda Kingdom
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:590 – 625 C.E
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3824:Meghnad Saha
3774:Satyajit Ray
3699:Demographics
3650:Manasa chali
3525:Tarini Khuro
3313:Krishnanagar
2836:Teesta River
2796:Ganges Delta
2756:Bengal Basin
2678:Jhargram Raj
2608:Sena dynasty
2595:
2499:
2448:
2442:Rajbadidanga
2441:
2434:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2392:16 September
2390:. Retrieved
2370:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2331:
2324:
2314:16 September
2312:. Retrieved
2300:
2287:
2276:, retrieved
2256:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2209:15 September
2207:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2179:16 September
2177:. Retrieved
2168:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2122:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2086:
2079:
2065:
2058:
2044:
2024:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1957:
1951:
1928:
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1890:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1848:
1841:
1831:16 September
1829:. Retrieved
1820:
1811:
1801:15 September
1799:. Retrieved
1779:
1772:
1762:15 September
1760:. Retrieved
1749:
1725:. Retrieved
1711:
1701:15 September
1699:. Retrieved
1689:
1682:
1672:
1666:
1656:
1650:
1614:
1592:. Retrieved
1572:
1562:
1553:
1547:
1537:15 September
1535:. Retrieved
1520:
1513:
1503:15 September
1501:. Retrieved
1481:
1474:
1464:15 September
1462:. Retrieved
1452:
1445:
1435:14 September
1433:. Retrieved
1424:
1414:
1404:16 September
1402:. Retrieved
1393:
1389:
1380:
1370:16 September
1368:. Retrieved
1358:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1319:
1312:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1273:
1266:
1247:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1209:
1202:
1192:14 September
1190:. Retrieved
1181:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1140:
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1106:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:Mohenjo Daro
1048:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1004:
1000:
989:
981:
919:LATER GUPTAS
886:
814:PANDUVAMSHIS
794:
643:Karnasuvarna
624:
617:
598:
589:
580:
576:
563:
552:
544:
504:
493:
486:
477:
473:
472:
458:
438:
417:
410:
397:
379:
367:
363:
345:
339:
331:maha samanta
330:
327:Karnasubarna
316:
309:
297:Yashodharman
286:
273:Gupta Empire
270:
258:
253:
243:
230:
227:
207:
182:Karnasuvarna
167:
163:
128:
127:
40:
29:
3924:Amartya Sen
3894:Sukumar Ray
3884:Sarada Devi
3874:Ramakrishna
3630:Gobindobhog
3625:Garad Saree
3567:GI products
3483:Ratha Yatra
3451:Dol Purnima
3426:Chhau dance
3333:Murshidabad
3258:Cooch Behar
3078:Murshidabad
3029:Cooch Behar
2781:Rarh region
2603:Pala Empire
2540:Fishing cat
2487:West Bengal
2239:23 November
2229:Banglapedia
2225:"Shashanka"
2199:Banglapedia
2171:. N. Ravi.
1821:Banglapedia
1717:"CNG Coins"
1427:. Kolkata.
1231:28 December
975:Alchon Huns
548:Yasodharman
401:Hiuen Tsang
382:Varman King
277:Skandagupta
186:Murshidabad
135:: Śaśāṅka,
64:Predecessor
3958:Categories
3809:Jyoti Basu
3799:Jamini Roy
3690:Tulaipanji
3645:Madurkathi
3600:Chhau mask
3535:Kiriti Roy
3468:Durga Puja
3401:Chalchitra
3396:Patachitra
3283:Jalpaiguri
3263:Darjeeling
3223:Berhampore
3203:Cities and
3185:(declared)
3183:Sundarbans
3179:(declared)
3158:(declared)
3147:(declared)
3108:(declared)
3069:(declared)
3067:Berhampore
3039:Jalpaiguri
3034:Darjeeling
3024:Alipurduar
2868:Governance
2786:Sundarbans
2381:8126008482
2267:0203443454
2148:27 January
2137:0226742210
1817:"Kulinism"
1419:Raj, Dev.
1330:0226742210
1151:0226742210
1098:References
1080:Ishaa Saha
879:TOCHARIANS
720:ZHANGZHUNG
664:South Asia
605:Bodhi tree
515:Bhuvanesha
445:Bāṇabhaṭṭa
312:Rohtasgarh
281:Alchon Hun
224:Early life
214:Banabhatta
106:Gauda Raaj
43:Gaudeshwar
3731:Rajbanshi
3473:Bhai Dooj
3328:Midnapore
3303:Kharagpur
3298:Kalimpong
3248:Bishnupur
3243:Bardhaman
3228:Balurghat
3106:Bishnupur
3044:Kalimpong
2974:districts
2969:Divisions
2748:Geography
2673:Nadia Raj
2596:Shashanka
2485:State of
2278:3 October
2169:The Hindu
1993:: 119–30.
1966:cite book
1937:cite book
1912:3 October
1888:(1971) .
1870:3 October
1594:3 October
1570:(1971) .
1024:Midnapore
937:CHALUKYAS
908:MANDAVYA-
738:SAMATATAS
702:LICCHAVIS
613:Bodh Gaya
567:Sakadvipi
559:Devagupta
435:Devagupta
424:Devagupta
413:Maukharis
139:: शशाङ्क
129:Shashanka
74:Successor
35:Shashanka
3675:Sitabhog
3655:Mihidana
3635:Himsagar
3530:Kakababu
3421:Gombhira
3348:Siliguri
3318:Kurseong
3268:Durgapur
3177:Ranaghat
3156:Ichamati
3145:Basirhat
3112:Jhargram
2881:Governor
2703:Jugantar
2386:Archived
2353:15 March
2347:Archived
2305:Archived
2272:archived
2233:Archived
2203:Archived
2173:Archived
2142:Archived
2022:(2005).
1906:Archived
1864:Archived
1825:Archived
1795:Archived
1756:Archived
1721:Archived
1695:Archived
1588:Archived
1497:Archived
1458:Archived
1429:Archived
1398:Archived
1364:Archived
1341:25 March
1335:Archived
1285:14 April
1279:Archived
1225:Archived
1186:Archived
1162:25 March
1156:Archived
1122:23 April
1116:Archived
1086:See also
928:THANESAR
841:GONANDAS
805:KALINGAS
767:PALLAVAS
758:KUNDINAS
747:KAMARUPA
639:Kamarupa
519:Kamarupa
496:Maukhari
464:Thanesar
389:Kamarupa
335:Jayanaga
261:Xuanzang
246:Sanskrit
218:Xuanzang
178:Kamarupa
137:Sanskrit
120:Shaivism
116:Hinduism
112:Religion
68:Jayanaga
3726:Adivasi
3431:Cuisine
3378:Culture
3343:Raiganj
3338:Purulia
3308:Kolkata
3238:Barasat
3233:Bankura
3218:Asansol
3213:Alipore
3162:Kolkata
3127:Purulia
3101:Bankura
2996:Hooghly
2991:Birbhum
2801:Climate
2583:History
2501:Kolkata
2496:Capital
2052:. 1967.
1727:16 July
1068:Sona Da
959:PERSIAN
889:VALABHI
868:WESTERN
850:KANNAUJ
795:ALCHONS
756:VISHNU-
693:PANDYAS
539:Lakshmi
319:samanta
172:and of
141:Bengali
101:Dynasty
18:Sasanka
3761:People
3721:Gurkha
3615:Dhokra
3510:Feluda
3358:Tamluk
3278:Howrah
3273:Haldia
3151:Howrah
2776:Dooars
2571:Fish:
2554:Flower
2536:Animal
2527:Anthem
2518:Emblem
2378:
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