560:
1021:
607:
328:(716-57) on the basis of its iconography, though this attribution is tenuous and recent research suggests it is very unlikely. It has also been suggested on the basis of the iconography of certain sceattas that they were issued by ecclesiastical authorities, such as bishops or abbots. Minting may not have been a strictly urban or secular prerogative, and coins were used for many payments and purposes beyond pure commercial buying and selling.
595:
167:
583:
243:
863:
346:
341:
40:
35:
551:
There are relatively few hoards from this period with which to construct even a relative chronology, and any new discovery could radically alter current scholarly understanding. The end of the sceattas is especially difficult to pinpoint, and it is likely that there was a period of some decades in
229:
has radically altered understanding of this coinage and, while it is now clear that these coins were in everyday use across eastern and southern
England in the early 8th century, it is also apparent that the current organization is in considerable need of adjustment.
316:
influences. These designs include human figures, animals, birds, crosses, plants, and monsters, all of which have been elucidated by Anna Gannon. Tony
Abramson has published an illustrated guide for nonexperts. One series (U), has been linked to
567:. Material is lead and weighs approx 36 g. Embedded with an Anglo-Saxon sceat (Series K type 32a) dating to 720-750 AD and minted in Kent. It is edged in dotted triangle pattern. Origin is the Danelaw region and dates 870-930CE.
222:. They are very diverse, organized into over a hundred numbered types derived from the British Museum Catalogue of the 1890s and by broader alphabetical classifications laid out by British numismatist Stuart Rigold in the 1970s.
948:
175:
1231:
460:
The thirty or forty years after 680 saw the production and circulation of the "primary series" of sceattas, which were generally of good metal quality and weight
964:
960:
956:
952:
392:
Associating sceattas with particular mints or kingdoms is very difficult and must be based primarily upon study of find-spots. Most have been found using
913:
191:, meaning "wealth", "money", and "coin", which has been applied to these coins since the 17th century based on interpretations of the legal codes of
764:
606:
304:
Although sceattas present many problems of organization, attribution, and dating, they also carry a variety of designs bespeaking extensive
832:
794:
704:
106:
1216:
415:
The chronology of the sceattas is also very hard to unravel. Some of the earliest series use the same designs as the pale gold
396:
since the 1970s. In this way, it has been possible to attribute some types with considerable confidence, such as series H with
1000:
906:
594:
886:
158:
period that normally weighed 0.8–1.3 grams. It is now (as of 2024) more commonly known in
England as an 'early penny'.
1157:
1151:
995:
1226:
1197:
1163:
1097:
1010:
985:
899:
582:
1221:
1085:
1186:
990:
980:
970:
559:
450:
275:
699:. Studies in Early Medieval Coinage: Two Decades of Discovery. Vol. 1. Boydell Press. pp. 53–68.
534:
321:
1241:
1133:
1061:
203:
1236:
1127:
1055:
1005:
944:
480:
219:
211:
122:
114:
362:
354:
265:
251:
155:
56:
48:
449:
in the
Netherlands); they were a commonly circulating currency in the Frankish realm until the
1091:
828:
809:
790:
760:
700:
518:
514:
510:
397:
289:
242:
1020:
522:
405:
313:
89:
166:
732:
526:
468:
454:
318:
196:
695:
Feveile, Claus (2008). "Series X and Coin
Circulation in Ribe". In Abramson, Tony (ed.).
1145:
1103:
1073:
881:
472:
430:
420:
393:
226:
408:. In Denmark, series X has been plausibly associated with the early trading center at
1210:
1169:
887:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070205055926/http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/coins/emc/
284:
Sceattas rarely carry legends of any kind, though a small number do name the mint of
206:. It is likely, however, that the coins were more often known to contemporaries as "
200:
1079:
975:
868:
804:
Kershaw, Jane (July–August 2024). "Anglo-Saxon
Coinage: the Great Silver Revival".
506:
822:
784:
754:
437:
material, can be dated to the 680s. It is known that sceattas were minted in the
1139:
1067:
530:
476:
401:
181:
1049:
858:
564:
541:
305:
813:
509:
kingdom. One or more types can be attributed with more or less confidence to
1121:
1115:
425:
309:
147:
552:
the middle of the 8th century when very few if any coins were produced in
483:
442:
876:
17:
1109:
1037:
786:
The
Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage: Sixth to Eighth Centuries
553:
502:
446:
416:
376:
345:
340:
293:
151:
143:
39:
34:
1043:
438:
434:
325:
285:
192:
136:
891:
842:
Rigold, Stuart (1977). "The
Principal Series of English Sceattas".
939:
558:
207:
165:
501:
saw a massive expansion of minting all over southern and eastern
409:
372:
185:
139:
130:
895:
737:
Thrymsas and
Sceattas in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Volume 2
563:
Anglo-Saxon-Viking coin weight. Used for trading bullion and
225:
The huge volume of finds made in the last thirty years using
1019:
92:
292:
such as 'Aethiliraed' and 'Efe', which probably refer to
95:
433:) and, by analogy with coins from the better-understood
107:
882:
http://www.allmetal.karoo.net/Anglo-Saxon_coins.html
98:
1179:
1030:
927:
759:. Heritage Marketing & Publications, Limited.
358:Facing bust with beard and cross on either side.
739:. London: Royal Numismatic Society. p. 231.
907:
646:
8:
824:The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe
176:History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066)
60:Coiled wolf with curled tongue facing right
914:
900:
892:
544:, and weight could fluctuate considerably
612:Series E, Kloster Barthe variety (Frisia)
52:Diademed bust right, with cross in front
682:
634:
627:
575:
670:
658:
429:; notionally one-third of a pure gold
121:
65:Silver sceat of series K, London (?),
1232:Archaeological terminology (Germanic)
877:https://kernunnos.com/porc/index.html
719:
7:
827:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
493:The "secondary series", struck from
789:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25:
861:
844:The British Numismatic Journal,
605:
593:
581:
475:, though a few were produced in
344:
339:
241:
88:
38:
33:
488:
756:Sceattas: An Illustrated Guide
366:Right-facing curled 'dragon'.
127:
1:
380:
66:
600:Series C sceat (East Anglia)
467:They were largely minted in
419:(similar to the continental
220:their successor silver coins
540:There was much copying and
1258:
457:instituted at Ver in 755.
371:Silver sceat of series X,
173:
1198:Coins of England category
1195:
1017:
776:An Old English Dictionary
370:
338:
273:
240:
64:
32:
697:Two Decades of Discovery
261:around central annulet.
1217:Anglo-Saxon archaeology
753:Abramson, Tony (2006).
288:and others carry short
276:Aldfrith of Northumbria
269:Left-facing quadruped.
215:
186:
131:
118:
1024:
821:Riché, Pierre (1993).
774:Bosworth; et al.
568:
424:
180:Its name derives from
171:
1023:
783:Gannon, Anna (2003).
588:Series K sceat (Kent)
562:
169:
135:) was a small, thick
479:bearing the name of
404:) and series S with
806:British Archaeology
400:(and in particular
296:rather than kings.
1025:
569:
172:
1227:Anglo-Saxon money
1204:
1203:
1092:Crown of the Rose
849:. pp. 21–30.
766:978-1-905223-01-5
647:Bosworth & al
390:
389:
282:
281:
76:
75:
16:(Redirected from
1249:
922:Coins of England
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909:
902:
893:
871:
866:
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864:
850:
838:
817:
800:
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741:
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500:
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466:
463:
385:
382:
348:
343:
336:
335:
274:Silver sceat of
260:
259:
245:
238:
237:
189:
134:
129:
125:
110:
105:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
71:
68:
42:
37:
30:
29:
27:Anglo-Saxon coin
21:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1222:Anglo-Saxon art
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1175:
1158:Fifty shillings
1026:
1015:
1001:Three halfpence
996:Three farthings
923:
920:
867:
862:
860:
857:
841:
835:
820:
803:
797:
782:
773:
767:
752:
749:
744:
731:
730:
726:
718:
714:
707:
694:
693:
689:
683:Abramson (2006)
681:
677:
669:
665:
657:
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645:
641:
633:
629:
625:
620:
613:
610:
601:
598:
589:
586:
574:
548:
545:
505:to every major
498:
494:
486:
464:
461:
455:Pepin the Short
451:monetary reform
445:(just south of
394:metal detectors
383:
334:
302:
257:
256:
236:
227:metal detectors
178:
164:
108:
91:
87:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1255:
1253:
1245:
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1239:
1234:
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1224:
1219:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1180:Copper and tin
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1104:Half sovereign
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1074:Quarter Florin
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1013:
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998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
942:
937:
931:
929:
925:
924:
921:
919:
918:
911:
904:
896:
890:
889:
884:
879:
873:
872:
856:
855:External links
853:
852:
851:
839:
833:
818:
808:(197): 48–51.
801:
795:
780:
771:
765:
748:
745:
743:
742:
733:Metcalf, D. M.
724:
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473:Thames Estuary
388:
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349:
333:
330:
301:
298:
280:
279:
271:
270:
262:
247:
246:
235:
232:
170:Series U sceat
163:
160:
123:[ʃæɑt]
74:
73:
62:
61:
53:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
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9:
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894:
888:
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880:
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854:
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840:
836:
834:0-8122-1342-4
830:
826:
825:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
798:
796:9780199583843
792:
788:
787:
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777:
772:
768:
762:
758:
757:
751:
750:
746:
738:
734:
728:
725:
722:, p. 81.
721:
716:
713:
708:
706:9781843833710
702:
698:
691:
688:
684:
679:
676:
672:
671:Gannon (2003)
667:
664:
660:
659:Rigold (1977)
655:
652:
648:
643:
640:
637:, p. 49.
636:
631:
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608:
603:
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352:
351:
347:
342:
337:
331:
329:
327:
323:
320:
315:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
290:runic legends
287:
277:
272:
268:
267:
263:
254:
253:
249:
248:
244:
239:
233:
231:
228:
223:
221:
218:), much like
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
188:
183:
177:
168:
161:
159:
157:
153:
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111:
103:
85:
81:
63:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1242:Silver coins
1152:Triple unite
1046:(c.796-1016)
934:
869:Money portal
847:
843:
823:
805:
785:
775:
755:
747:Bibliography
736:
727:
720:Riché (1993)
715:
696:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
635:Kershaw 2024
630:
539:
459:
414:
391:
361:
353:
303:
283:
264:
250:
224:
184:
179:
83:
79:
77:
55:
47:
1237:Numismatics
1148:(Charles I)
1140:Half laurel
1068:Half florin
1040:(c.630-675)
549:1.3 grams).
535:East Anglia
531:Northumbria
507:Anglo-Saxon
491:. 685–704).
477:Northumbria
465:1.3 grams).
402:Southampton
384: 710-
278:, 685-704.
212:Old English
182:Old English
156:Anglo-Saxon
154:during the
115:Old English
70: 710-
1211:Categories
1098:Half crown
1050:Gold penny
1011:Half crown
986:Threepence
618:References
565:hacksilver
542:debasement
322:Aethelbald
204:Æthelberht
199:under its
174:See also:
142:minted in
1122:Spur ryal
1116:Rose Ryal
1112:(James I)
1086:Sovereign
965:1603–1707
961:1485–1603
957:1154–1485
953:1066–1154
814:1357-4442
623:Citations
426:tremissis
310:classical
258:ALDFRIDVS
1187:Farthing
991:Sixpence
981:Shilling
971:Farthing
735:(1993).
577:Sceattas
546:(c. 0.8–
484:Aldfrith
471:and the
443:Dorestad
441:town of
435:Frankish
417:thrymsas
314:Germanic
294:moneyers
216:peningas
132:sceattas
18:Sceattas
1146:Carolus
1110:Jacobus
1038:Thrymsa
949:to 1066
572:Gallery
554:England
503:England
499:c. 750,
447:Utrecht
439:Frisian
431:solidus
377:Denmark
332:Minting
300:Imagery
234:Legends
208:pennies
195:and of
162:History
152:Jutland
144:England
84:sceatta
1172:(1663)
1170:Guinea
1166:(1656)
1160:(1656)
1154:(1642)
1142:(1619)
1136:(1619)
1134:Laurel
1130:(1604)
1124:(1604)
1118:(1604)
1106:(1544)
1100:(1526)
1094:(1526)
1088:(1489)
1082:(1465)
1076:(1344)
1070:(1344)
1064:(1344)
1062:Florin
1058:(1344)
1052:(1257)
1044:Mancus
928:Silver
846:No. 47
831:
812:
793:
763:
703:
533:, and
519:Sussex
515:Mercia
511:Wessex
495:c. 710
462:(c. 1–
398:Wessex
326:Mercia
312:, and
306:Celtic
286:London
193:Mercia
187:sceatt
150:, and
148:Frisia
137:silver
119:sceatt
1164:Broad
1128:Unite
1080:Angel
1056:Noble
1006:Crown
976:Groat
945:Penny
940:Styca
935:Sceat
523:Essex
421:Latin
406:Essex
80:sceat
1031:Gold
829:ISBN
810:ISSN
791:ISBN
761:ISBN
701:ISBN
527:Kent
481:King
469:Kent
410:Ribe
386:20.
373:Ribe
319:King
201:king
197:Kent
140:coin
109:SHAT
72:20.
497:to
453:of
324:of
210:" (
128:pl.
82:or
1213::
963:,
959:,
955:,
951:,
556:.
537:.
529:,
525:,
521:,
517:,
513:,
423::
412:.
381:c.
379:,
375:,
363:R:
355:O:
308:,
266:R:
252:O:
214::
146:,
126:,
117::
113:;
78:A
67:c.
57:R:
49:O:
967:)
947:(
915:e
908:t
901:v
837:.
816:.
799:.
778:.
769:.
709:.
685:.
673:.
661:.
649:.
489:r
487:(
255:+
102:/
99:t
96:æ
93:ʃ
90:/
86:(
20:)
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