538:. Captain Tom Paine in the U.S. Army conducted an experiment at Camp Detrick, MD. In this experiment, he exposed four people to the bacteria in an enclosed space. The individuals soon developed symptoms such as body aches, malaise, green sputum production. A few of the individuals developed fever and chills while others still had a fever after 24 hours. Several other experiments were performed throughout the 50s, 60s, and 70s to test the pathogenicity of
58:
33:
2168:
García-Silvera, Edgar
Edurman; Martínez-Morales, Fernando; Bertrand, Brandt; Morales-Guzmán, Daniel; Rosas-Galván, Nashbly Sarela; León-Rodríguez, Renato; Trejo-Hernández, María R. (2018). "Production and application of a thermostable lipase from Serratia marcescens in detergent formulation and
1573:
Renoz, François; Pons, Inès; Vanderpoorten, Alain; Bataille, Gwennaël; Noël, Christine; Foray, Vincent; Pierson, Valentin; Hance, Thierry (1 July 2019). "Evidence for Gut-Associated
Serratia symbiotica in Wild Aphids and Ants Provides New Perspectives on the Evolution of Bacterial Mutualism in
1063:
causes cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD). CYVD was first detected in pumpkin and squash. CYVD infects the phloem tissue in plants and causes wilting, yellowing, phloem discoloration, plant decline, and eventually death. CYVD mainly affects squash, cantaloupe, watermelon, etc. There have been
576:
were recovered from different specimens, such as urinary and respiratory. Out of the isolates, six were believed to cause infection in humans. From the 1970s to the 1980s, this species was the cause of several hospital outbreaks. However, the most well-known outbreak occurred in
Colorado at a
1521:
George, Priya; Gupta, Alka; Gopal, Murali; Thomas, Litty; Thomas, George V. (January 2013). "Multifarious beneficial traits and plant growth promoting potential of
Serratia marcescens KiSII and Enterobacter sp. RNF 267 isolated from the rhizosphere of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.)".
1039:
was found to be correlated with early abortions in buffalos and cows. The pathogen was isolated in culture after researchers observed reddish vaginal discharge from the cows, and the pathogen was also discovered to be in the semen of a bull, all of which were from the same strain.
867:, such as DNAse, may aid in scavenging activity, allowing them to exploit the environment and maximize the availability of nutrients. Strains producing thermostable lipase, alkaline protease and gelatinase have been isolated from strains causing contact lens-related
2804:
Bruton, B. D.; Mitchell, F.; Fletcher, J.; Pair, S. D.; Wayadande, A.; Melcher, U.; Brady, J.; Bextine, B.; Popham, T. W. (August 2003). "Serratia marcescens, a Phloem-Colonizing, Squash Bug -Transmitted
Bacterium: Causal Agent of Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease".
595:
was first isolated from a patient who had a respiratory infection. The organism was isolated from the patient's sputum after she consumed a fig. The organisms continued to be isolated from several humans over the years. The last documented infection caused by
997:(hospital-acquired) infections of the bloodstream, lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, surgical wounds, and skin and soft tissues and other ailments that are commonly caused by other bacteria. Outbreaks of
473:
is found in over 70 species of healthy, dead, and diseased insects. These include crickets, grasshoppers, bees, aphids, and fruit flies. Most of them reside in insects as bacterial flora and some form
2988:
2400:
Preobrazhenskaya, Yu. V.; Voskoboev, A. I.; Burd, V. N. (1 November 2003). "Hydrolysis of
Phosphoester Bond by the Heme-Independent Chloroperoxidase from Serratia marcescens".
282:. They are typically 1–5 μm in length, do not produce spores, and can be found in water, soil, plants, and animals. Some members of this genus produce a characteristic red
2045:
Clements, T.; Ndlovu, T.; Khan, S.; Khan, W. (19 November 2018). "Biosurfactants produced by
Serratia species: Classification, biosynthesis, production and application".
2096:
Araújo, Hélvia W. C.; Andrade, Rosileide F. S.; Montero-Rodríguez, Dayana; Rubio-Ribeaux, Daylin; Alves da Silva, Carlos A.; Campos-Takaki, Galba M. (4 January 2019).
2962:
975:
is thought to be transmitted through hand-to-hand transmission; in one hospital half of all tested personnels' hands were found to be positive for the pathogen.
3001:
673:
have been isolated in a variety of environments, including soil, water, plants, animals and even air. Several methods can be used to study the epidemiology of
629:
causing infection in humans. A homeless man in France was admitted to the hospital with a mouth abscess. The man developed pneumonia and respiratory issues.
1633:
Wang, Sibao; Dos-Santos, André L. A.; Huang, Wei; Liu, Kun Connie; Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali; Wei, Ge; Agre, Peter; Jacobs-Lorena, Marcelo (29 September 2017).
1384:
Grimont, Francine; Grimont, Patrick A. D. (2006), Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley; Rosenberg, Eugene; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz (eds.), "The Genus
Serratia",
610:
was first found in human specimens in 1985. It is known to cause tissue infections following trauma to the area. The first reported infection caused by
2936:
2975:
2098:"Sustainable biosurfactant produced by Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 and its suitability for agricultural and marine bioremediation applications"
1280:
Fusco, Vincenzina; Abriouel, Hikmate; Benomar, Nabil; Kabisch, Jan; Chieffi, Daniele; Cho, Gyu-Sung; Franz, Charles M. A. P. (1 January 2018).
1080:). Leaf spot disease appears as brown or dark spots on leaves and can permanently damage plants. The sizes and colors of these spots can vary.
2385:
2353:
1401:
1293:
1252:
950:
is the main pathogenic species, infecting animals and plants, but other species that have been reported to infect individuals include
871:
in humans. Due to its short half-life and tendency to remain bound to cells upon secretion, hemolysin has scarcely been identified in
3050:
2368:
Fuchs, R. L.; McPherson, S. A.; Drahos, D. J. (1987), "Cloning and
Expression of a Serratia Marcescens Gene Encoding Chitinase",
2581:"Outbreaks of Serratia marcescens in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units: Clinical aspects, risk factors and management"
268:
2980:
514:
is the most characterized species in this genus. During the summer in Padura, Italy, the town people discovered that their
1415:
Grimont, P. A. D. 1977. Le genre
Serratia. Taxonomie et approche ecologique. PhD Thesis. Univ. Bordeaux I, France. 377 pp.
1119:
Bizio (B.): Lettera di Bartolomeo Bizio al chiarissimo canonico Angelo Bellani sopra il fenomeno della polenta porporina.
915:
1197:"Serratia Marcescens- A Rare Opportunistic Nosocomial Pathogen and Measures to Limit its Spread in Hospitalized Patients"
290:, and can be distinguished from other members of the order Enterobacterales by their unique production of three enzymes:
3093:
1700:
986:
295:
314:
was thought to be a harmless environmental bacteria until it was discovered that the most common species in the genus,
946:
species are nonpathogenic, but those that are pathogenic typically cause infection in immunocompromised individuals.
448:, has been identified on coconuts from various regions of the world, including California, France, and Brazil. Both
3083:
1020:
693:
57:
3006:
2158:
and its extracellular nuclease. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 165(1), 1–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13120.x
3078:
2340:, Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, vol. 3, Springer Netherlands, pp. 328–330,
729:
2578:
Voelz, A; Müller, A; Gillen, J; Le, C; Dresbach, T; Engelhart, S; Exner, M; Bates, CJ; Simon, A (March 2010).
1917:"Caprylate-thallous agar medium for selectively isolating Serratia and its utility in the clinical laboratory"
518:
dish turned red. At first, the people believed that this incident was caused by the devil. A pharmacist named
1035:
non-human animal infections. One case of a non-nosocomial infection in animals was found in one study, after
522:
was appointed to investigate the strange phenomenon. After several experiments, Bizzo presented his results.
244:
922:
in that it is not greatly activated by fructose bisphosphate. ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase from strains of
214:
196:
2850:
2580:
2372:, Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, vol. 4, Springer Netherlands, p. 478,
1009:
220:
2888:
2222:"Detection of virulence factors in Serratia strains isolated from contact lens-associated corneal ulcers"
238:
208:
1281:
1090:
202:
178:
166:
160:
226:
172:
3042:
154:
3055:
3016:
2910:
2286:
1985:
1869:
1646:
1583:
832:
530:
of polenta by Bartolomeo Bizio in Padua. The bacterium was later named in honor of Italian physicist
325:
190:
148:
926:
demonstrated optimal activity in buffer at pH 7.5 and 8.0, respectively. It is greatly activated by
931:
892:
717:
474:
315:
232:
184:
89:
633:
was recovered from a sample and was later identified as the cause of his organ failure and death.
2425:
2318:
2259:
2202:
2078:
2027:
1615:
1555:
1503:
1342:
919:
279:
142:
52:
3024:
2967:
2897:
2830:
2822:
2781:
2763:
2724:
2706:
2667:
2601:
2539:
2521:
2482:
2464:
2445:"Kinetic properties of Serratia marcescens adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase"
2417:
2381:
2349:
2310:
2302:
2251:
2243:
2220:
Pinna, Antonio; Usai, Donatella; Sechi, Leonardo A.; Carta, Arturo; Zanetti, Stefania (2011).
2194:
2186:
2137:
2119:
2070:
2062:
2019:
2001:
1954:
1936:
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1801:
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1607:
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1397:
1334:
1326:
1289:
1234:
1216:
1124:
1073:
982:
2336:
Joshi, Sadhna; Kozlowski, Maya (1987), "Cloning of Serratia Liquefaciens Chitinase Gene(s)",
1635:"Driving mosquito refractoriness to Plasmodium falciparum with engineered symbiotic bacteria"
3088:
3029:
2814:
2771:
2755:
2714:
2698:
2657:
2647:
2593:
2529:
2513:
2472:
2456:
2409:
2373:
2341:
2294:
2233:
2178:
2127:
2109:
2054:
2009:
1993:
1974:"Prodigiosin pigment of Serratia marcescens is associated with increased biomass production"
1944:
1928:
1881:
1840:
1832:
1791:
1775:
1709:
1670:
1654:
1591:
1531:
1487:
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1076:. Leaf spot disease is usually caused by a fungus, but can also be caused by bacteria (e.g.
828:
531:
519:
126:
99:
2685:
Martins, Hugo F G; Raposo, Alexandra; Baptista, Isabel; Almeida, Julio (30 November 2015).
2413:
1363:
591:, a species belonging to the fig tree community, can also be harmful to humans. In 1979,
2290:
1989:
1650:
1587:
2776:
2743:
2719:
2686:
2662:
2627:
2534:
2501:
2132:
2097:
2014:
1973:
1845:
1821:"Serratia fonticola, pathogen or bystander? A case series and review of the literature"
1820:
1796:
1763:
1675:
1634:
1229:
1196:
1056:
900:
856:
332:
is frequently found in showers, toilet bowls, and around wet tiles as a pinkish to red
79:
32:
2477:
2444:
1949:
1916:
1885:
764:, which is 3.57 × 10 daltons. The range of G+C content of each species is as follows:
3072:
2238:
2221:
883:. Plant chitinases are used as defense mechanisms against plant pathogens with which
868:
800:
741:
264:
2744:"Serratia marcescens Infection Associated with Early Abortion in Cows and Buffaloes"
2429:
2322:
2082:
1619:
1559:
1507:
1346:
1212:
875:. However, some studies employing more accurate detection techniques have evidenced
424:
prevalence are vegetables, mushrooms, mosses, grasses, and decaying plant material.
2263:
2206:
2031:
864:
578:
527:
454:
109:
2902:
2460:
2377:
2277:
Ruan, Yuan; Braum, Volkmar (1 August 1990). "Hemolysin as a marker for Serratia".
1144:. Created by J.P. Euzéby in 1997. Curated by A.C. Parte since 2013. Available on:
748:
strains can also be identifiable by type 4 fimbriae, small hair-like projections.
600:
was in Greece. A healthy man was bitten by a dog, and the dog bite turned into an
2345:
1932:
677:. Usual enrichment strategies involve the use of media containing antibiotic and
481:
play a key nutritional role by providing the host with vitamins and amino acids.
2949:
2882:
2597:
896:
860:
796:
701:
685:-thallous medium seems to be highly preferred for the selective growth of genus
459:
440:
have also been identified on Smyrna figs and its fig wasps. Only one species of
372:
occupy an eclectic range of habitats: soil, water, plants, insects, and others.
287:
2818:
1870:"Characterisation of virulence factors of Serratia strains isolated from foods"
1836:
1322:
2759:
2114:
2058:
1997:
1595:
1535:
1001:
994:
927:
888:
816:
709:
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494:
307:
303:
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2525:
2468:
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2190:
2123:
2066:
2005:
1940:
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1787:
1721:
1666:
1603:
1543:
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1393:
1330:
1220:
477:
symbiotic relationships with their hosts. For example, in aphids, strains of
360:– have been shown to cause infection such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis.
320:, is an opportunistic pathogen of many animals, including humans. In humans,
2923:
2702:
1713:
1658:
1098:
1005:
876:
843:
species due to its red colorization. Biosurfactants have been isolated from
836:
824:
820:
733:
682:
328:, but can also cause urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and endocarditis.
2834:
2728:
2671:
2652:
2605:
2543:
2255:
2198:
2141:
2074:
2023:
1854:
1805:
1684:
1611:
1551:
1460:
1443:
1426:
1338:
1238:
2785:
2314:
1901:
404:
is the most abundant, comprising approximately half of all strains found.
2867:
2517:
1958:
1779:
812:
275:
272:
69:
44:
2443:
Preiss, J; Crawford, K; Downey, J; Lammel, C; Greenberg, E (July 1976).
1309:
Greenberg, Leo (November 1978). "Serratia Marcescens in Human Affairs".
534:. In 1945, an experiment was designed to establish the pathogenicity of
2941:
2486:
2298:
1491:
705:
601:
515:
489:
333:
283:
2993:
2954:
1166:
2557:
2182:
1177:
1064:
studies that have shown that this disease is transmitted by insects.
808:
336:
but only causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. Aside from
299:
2844:
2502:"Serratia Infections: from Military Experiments to Current Practice"
1764:"Serratia Infections: from Military Experiments to Current Practice"
934:, 3-phosphoglycerate, fructose-6-phosphate, and 2-phosphoglycerate.
2928:
2558:"Serratia marcescens - Infectious Disease and Antimicrobial Agents"
1915:
Starr, M P; Grimont, P A; Grimont, F; Starr, P B (September 1976).
1427:"Serratia aquatilis sp. nov., isolated from drinking water systems"
3037:
804:
291:
260:
1431:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
1121:
Biblioteca Italiana o sia Giornale di Letteratura, Scienze e Arti
604:. This was the first infection recorded in a healthy individual.
1195:
Khanna, Ashish; Khanna, Menka; Aggarwal, Aruna (February 2013).
2848:
622:
has been recovered from several other patients over the years.
2915:
2626:
Yeung, Ho-Man; Chavarria, Brijaé; Shahsavari, Dariush (2018).
1284:. In Grumezescu, Alexandru Mihai; Holban, Alina Maria (eds.).
1142:
List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)
436:
are often found in Calimyrna figs. Several species related to
1478:(1 September 1981). "Serratia species isolated from plants".
784:
genome has the highest G+C content among all enterobacteria.
618:
was the cause of a hand infection in another French woman.
1145:
1972:
Haddix, Pryce L.; Shanks, Robert M. Q. (September 2018).
1701:"The microbes in a mosquito's gut may help fight malaria"
1386:
The Prokaryotes: Volume 6: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass
1102:– a genus of bacteria that can be used to control dengue.
1068:
is the only other species known to cause harm to plants.
614:
was a leg abscess in a woman in France in 1989. In 1991,
568:
genus by Grimes and Hennerty. The first documentation of
2687:"Serratia marcescens osteomyelitis in Cushing's disease"
1358:
1356:
887:
shares their plant habitat. Chloroperoxidase allows the
2636:
Endocarditis in the Era of the Current Opioid Epidemic"
1868:
Singh, B. R.; Singh, Y.; Tiwari, A. K. (3 March 1997).
1819:
Aljorayid, A; Viau, R; Castellino, L; Jump, RL (2016).
918:, with distinct kinetic properties from those found in
1019:
arthritis have been reported in outpatients receiving
1425:
Kämpfer, Peter; Glaeser, Stefanie P. (January 2016).
1364:"Serratia: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
835:. Prodigiosin, a growth pigment, is often used as a
2857:
760:species has not been documented except for that of
649:species that are human pathogens. However, not all
2742:Das, A. M.; Paranjape, V. L.; Pitt, T. L. (1988).
2579:
1699:
689:, as it can use caprylic acid as a carbon source.
428:has been consistently found in figs and coconuts.
1524:World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
1282:"Chapter 10 - Opportunistic Food-Borne Pathogens"
728:can be easily confused in the lab when using the
2338:Molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions
795:secretes a host of virulence factors, including
1008:have occurred in pediatric wards. Outbreaks of
552:is the second best characterized species after
1094:– a bacterium that naturally prevents malaria.
8:
581:center. During this outbreak, there were 10
326:nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections
1474:Grimont, Patrick A. D.; Grimont, Francine;
1201:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
855:for their range of applications, including
2845:
1874:International Journal of Food Microbiology
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
692:Serological typing and different types of
498:parasites than in untreated counterparts.
31:
20:
2775:
2718:
2661:
2651:
2533:
2476:
2237:
2154:Benedik, M. J., & Strych, U. (1998).
2131:
2113:
2013:
1948:
1844:
1795:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1674:
1442:
1311:Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy
1228:
993:infection is responsible for about 2% of
863:, antitumor, and antimicrobial activity.
502:Isolation, identification, and metabolism
488:can be genetically engineered to prevent
720:slants when grown at around 25 °C.
492:in mosquitos. Research showed 93% fewer
2402:Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
1112:
2171:Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry
2047:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
958:Serratia rubidaea, Serratia odorifera,
542:, but it was not until the 1970s that
526:was first documented as a red-colored
2799:
2797:
2795:
1379:
1377:
1012:in IV drug users have been reported.
7:
3043:6C3DA91C-51AB-18C4-FF0E-FDDBED891D58
3017:27143ed1-b9e6-4084-9c57-e28a56409697
1698:Servick, Kelly (28 September 2017).
1288:. Academic Press. pp. 269–306.
1190:
1188:
1186:
985:and urinary tracts, rather than the
2640:Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
1055:are considered to be opportunistic
546:was confirmed as a human pathogen.
2500:Mahlen, Steven D. (October 2011).
2414:10.1023/B:RUBI.0000008896.40862.d6
1762:Mahlen, Steven D. (October 2011).
879:activity in almost all strains of
712:can also be used. Most strains of
14:
572:was in 1971. Over 20 isolates of
420:The plant types with the highest
2239:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01689.x
1921:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1123:(Anno VIII), 1823, 30, 275-295.
1027:Opportunistic non-human pathogen
756:The average genome size of most
661:are insect and plant pathogens.
56:
1388:, Springer, pp. 219–244,
1260:Louisiana Department of Health
732:system. They can both oxidise
625:There are not many reports of
1:
2506:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2461:10.1128/JB.127.1.193-203.1976
2378:10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_101
1886:10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01196-8
1768:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
981:species tend to colonize the
916:ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase
653:species are human pathogens.
484:In 2017 it was reported that
384:have been found in seawater:
2346:10.1007/978-94-009-4482-4_83
1933:10.1128/jcm.4.3.270-276.1976
1286:Food Safety and Preservation
1044:Opportunistic plant pathogen
968:Opportunistic human pathogen
696:can be used to identify the
458:were also identified in the
2598:10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.09.003
1213:10.7860/JCDR/2013/5010.2737
380:Currently, four species of
340:, some rare strains of the
3110:
2819:10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.937
2748:Epidemiology and Infection
1837:10.1016/j.idcr.2016.05.003
1323:10.1177/106002807801201106
1021:intra-articular injections
324:is mostly associated with
2760:10.1017/S0950268800029307
2370:Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
2115:10.1186/s12934-018-1046-0
2059:10.1007/s00253-018-9520-5
1998:10.1007/s00203-018-1508-0
1596:10.1007/s00248-018-1265-2
1536:10.1007/s11274-012-1163-6
1031:There have been cases of
914:uses a metabolic enzyme,
839:identification marker of
740:can ferment arabinose in
694:polymerase chain reaction
412:found in drinking water.
139:
134:
53:Scientific classification
51:
39:
30:
23:
2586:Int J Hyg Environ Health
2279:Archives of Microbiology
2102:Microbial Cell Factories
1978:Archives of Microbiology
1394:10.1007/0-387-30746-x_11
1148:. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
1004:, wound infections, and
730:analytical profile index
585:bloodstream infections.
560:was first classified as
43:, a typical species, on
2703:10.1136/bcr-2015-212872
2628:"A Complicated Case of
2449:Journal of Bacteriology
2169:biodiesel production".
1714:10.1126/science.aaq0811
1659:10.1126/science.aan5478
1146:http://www.bacterio.net
562:Aerobacter liquefaciens
452:and certain strains of
269:facultatively anaerobic
1444:10.1099/ijsem.0.000731
1178:Images courtesy of CDC
1010:infective endocarditis
987:gastrointestinal tract
955:Serratia liquefaciens,
930:intermediates such as
704:typing, phage typing,
408:is a novel species of
1180:Accessed 7 July 2011.
1091:Delftia tsuruhatensis
2653:10.1155/2018/5903589
2518:10.1128/CMR.00017-11
2226:Acta Ophthalmologica
1780:10.1128/CMR.00017-11
1480:Current Microbiology
1253:"Enterobacteriaceae"
952:Serratia plymuthica,
893:phosphodiester bonds
833:alkaline phosphatase
3094:Pathogenic bacteria
2291:1990ArMic.154..221R
2156:Serratia marcescens
1990:2018ArMic.200..989H
1651:2017Sci...357.1399W
1645:(6358): 1399–1402.
1588:2019MicEc..78..159R
1370:. 11 November 2019.
1072:is associated with
932:phosphoenolpyruvate
845:Serratia marcescens
788:Enzymes and biofilm
744:. The virulence of
718:trypticase soy agar
368:Various strains of
90:Gammaproteobacteria
41:Serratia marcescens
2299:10.1007/BF00248958
1492:10.1007/BF01567926
1476:Starr, Mortimer P.
962:Serratia fonticola
920:Enterobacteriaceae
462:of coconut palms.
280:Enterobacteriaceae
3066:
3065:
3025:Open Tree of Life
2889:Serratia Bacteria
2851:Taxon identifiers
2697:: bcr2015212872.
2387:978-94-010-8090-3
2355:978-94-010-8496-3
1576:Microbial Ecology
1403:978-0-387-30746-6
1295:978-0-12-814956-0
1167:LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de
1078:S. proteamaculans
1074:leaf spot disease
1070:S. proteamaculans
1066:S. proteamaculans
1053:S. proteamaculans
849:Serratia rubidaea
659:S. proteamaculans
252:
251:
245:S. vespertilionis
215:S. proteamaculans
130:
16:Genus of bacteria
3101:
3084:Enterobacterales
3059:
3058:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3019:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2983:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2801:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2691:BMJ Case Reports
2682:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2241:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2183:10.1002/bab.1565
2165:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2117:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2017:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1759:
1726:
1725:
1703:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1678:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1446:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1192:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1164:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1117:
899:are involved in
853:Serratia faciens
829:chloroperoxidase
532:Serafino Serrati
520:Bartolomeo Bizio
197:S. nematodiphila
125:
100:Enterobacterales
61:
60:
35:
21:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3079:Bacteria genera
3069:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3041:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3013:
3005:
3000:
2992:
2987:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2853:
2843:
2842:
2803:
2802:
2793:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2044:
2043:
2039:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1761:
1760:
1729:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1317:(11): 674–679.
1308:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1152:
1135:
1131:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1086:
1057:plant pathogens
1046:
1029:
970:
940:
909:
895:while alkaline
790:
770:S. liquefaciens
754:
738:S. liquefaciens
726:S. liquefaciens
667:
583:S. liquefaciens
574:S. liquefaciens
570:S. liquefaciens
558:S. liquefaciens
550:S. liquefaciens
509:
504:
468:
418:
390:S. liquefaciens
378:
366:
350:S. liquefaciens
242:
236:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
200:
194:
188:
182:
179:S. liquefaciens
176:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
124:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3047:
3034:
3021:
3011:
2998:
2985:
2972:
2959:
2946:
2933:
2920:
2907:
2894:
2879:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2813:(8): 937–944.
2791:
2754:(1): 143–149.
2734:
2677:
2618:
2570:
2549:
2512:(4): 755–791.
2492:
2455:(1): 193–203.
2435:
2408:(6): 556–559.
2392:
2386:
2360:
2354:
2328:
2285:(3): 221–225.
2269:
2232:(4): 382–387.
2212:
2177:(2): 156–172.
2160:
2147:
2088:
2053:(2): 589–602.
2037:
1984:(7): 989–999.
1964:
1927:(3): 270–276.
1907:
1880:(3): 259–266.
1860:
1811:
1774:(4): 755–791.
1727:
1690:
1625:
1582:(1): 159–169.
1565:
1530:(1): 109–117.
1513:
1486:(5): 317–322.
1466:
1437:(1): 407–413.
1417:
1408:
1402:
1373:
1352:
1301:
1294:
1272:
1244:
1207:(2): 243–246.
1182:
1170:
1150:
1129:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1085:
1082:
1045:
1042:
1028:
1025:
969:
966:
939:
936:
908:
905:
901:cell signaling
869:corneal ulcers
857:emulsification
801:biosurfactants
789:
786:
778:S. marinorubra
753:
752:Genome content
750:
716:appear red on
708:analysis, and
681:substances. A
666:
665:Identification
663:
508:
505:
503:
500:
467:
464:
446:S. marinorubra
417:
414:
398:S. marinorubra
377:
374:
365:
362:
278:of the family
250:
249:
221:S. quinivorans
149:S. entomophila
137:
136:
132:
131:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
80:Pseudomonadota
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
49:
48:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3106:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2807:Plant Disease
2800:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2619:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2571:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:S. marcescens
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:S. marcescens
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:S. marcescens
1034:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
999:S. marcescens
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
974:
973:S. marcescens
967:
965:
963:
959:
956:
953:
949:
948:S. marcescens
945:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
924:S. marcescens
921:
917:
913:
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:Endonucleases
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
774:S. plymuthica
771:
767:
766:S. marcescens
763:
762:S. marcescens
759:
751:
749:
747:
743:
742:peptone water
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:S. marcescens
719:
715:
714:S. marcescens
711:
707:
703:
700:. Biotyping,
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:S. marcescens
672:
664:
662:
660:
656:
655:S. entomophia
652:
648:
644:
643:S. plymuthica
640:
636:
632:
631:S. quinivoran
628:
627:S. quinivoran
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
603:
599:
594:
590:
586:
584:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:S. marcescens
551:
547:
545:
544:S. marcescens
541:
540:S. marcescens
537:
536:S. marcescens
533:
529:
525:
524:S. marcescens
521:
517:
513:
512:S. marcescens
506:
501:
499:
497:
496:
491:
487:
482:
480:
479:S. symbiotica
476:
472:
465:
463:
461:
457:
456:
451:
450:S. marcescens
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:S. marcescens
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:S. marcescens
399:
395:
394:S. plymuthica
391:
387:
386:S. marcescens
383:
375:
373:
371:
363:
361:
359:
358:S. odoriferae
355:
351:
347:
346:S. plymuthica
343:
339:
338:S. marcescens
335:
331:
330:S. marcescens
327:
323:
322:S. marcescens
319:
318:
317:S. marcescens
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
265:Gram-negative
262:
258:
257:
248:
247:
246:
241:
240:
239:S. ureilytica
235:
234:
233:S. symbiotica
229:
228:
223:
222:
217:
216:
211:
210:
209:S. plymuthica
205:
204:
199:
198:
193:
192:
187:
186:
185:S. marcescens
181:
180:
175:
174:
169:
168:
163:
162:
157:
156:
151:
150:
145:
144:
138:
133:
128:
123:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2858:
2810:
2806:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2592:(2): 79–87.
2589:
2585:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2552:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2369:
2363:
2337:
2331:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2050:
2046:
2040:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1771:
1767:
1705:
1693:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1411:
1385:
1367:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1285:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1247:
1204:
1200:
1173:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1120:
1115:
1097:
1089:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1016:
1014:
998:
990:
978:
977:
972:
971:
961:
957:
954:
951:
947:
943:
941:
923:
911:
910:
897:phosphatases
884:
880:
872:
852:
848:
844:
840:
792:
791:
782:S. macescens
781:
780:53.5–58.5%.
777:
776:53.3–56.3%,
773:
772:52.6–54.4%,
769:
768:57.5–60.4%,
765:
761:
757:
755:
745:
737:
725:
721:
713:
697:
691:
686:
674:
670:
668:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
639:S. odorifera
638:
634:
630:
626:
624:
620:S. fonticola
619:
616:S. fonticola
615:
612:S. fonticola
611:
608:S. fonticola
607:
606:
597:
592:
588:
587:
582:
579:hemodialysis
573:
569:
566:Enterobacter
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
528:putrefaction
523:
511:
510:
493:
485:
483:
478:
470:
469:
460:rhizospheres
455:Enterobacter
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
419:
409:
406:S. aquatilis
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
379:
369:
367:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
321:
316:
311:
255:
254:
253:
243:
237:
231:
225:
219:
213:
207:
203:S. odorifera
201:
195:
189:
183:
177:
171:
167:S. glossinae
165:
161:S. fonticola
159:
153:
147:
143:S. aquatilis
141:
140:
120:
119:
110:Yersiniaceae
40:
24:
18:
2950:iNaturalist
2883:Wikispecies
2632:marcescens
983:respiratory
903:processes.
861:antifouling
859:, surface,
797:prodigiosin
736:, but only
702:bacteriocin
669:Species of
635:S. rubidaea
475:mutualistic
354:S. rubidaea
288:prodigiosin
227:S. rubidaea
173:S. grimesii
3073:Categories
1574:Insects".
1107:References
1002:meningitis
995:nosocomial
928:glycolysis
907:Metabolism
889:hydrolysis
837:phenotypic
817:gelatinase
710:ribotyping
679:antifungal
645:are other
598:S. ficaria
593:S. ficaria
589:S. ficaria
495:Plasmodium
434:S. ficaria
344:species –
308:serralysin
304:gelatinase
273:rod-shaped
155:S. ficaria
2827:0191-2917
2768:0950-2688
2711:1757-790X
2634:Infective
2526:0893-8512
2469:0021-9193
2422:1573-9163
2307:1432-072X
2248:1755-3768
2191:1470-8744
2124:1475-2859
2067:0175-7598
2006:1432-072X
1941:0095-1137
1894:0168-1605
1788:0893-8512
1722:0036-8075
1667:0036-8075
1604:1432-184X
1544:1573-0972
1500:1432-0991
1453:1466-5034
1331:0012-6578
1221:2249-782X
1099:Wolbachia
1015:Cases of
1006:arthritis
938:Pathology
877:hemolytic
825:chitinase
821:hemolysin
734:arabinose
683:caprylate
507:Isolation
191:S. myotis
2994:serratia
2868:Wikidata
2859:Serratia
2835:30812799
2729:26621903
2672:30581636
2630:Serratia
2611:10 March
2606:19783209
2563:29 April
2544:21976608
2430:12145365
2323:12924027
2256:19845561
2199:28444972
2142:30609918
2108:(1): 2.
2083:53874159
2075:30456577
2024:29616306
1855:27347484
1806:21976608
1685:28963255
1620:52895933
1612:30276419
1560:34792629
1552:22948479
1508:23271219
1461:26537514
1368:Medscape
1347:25400762
1339:10297265
1265:29 April
1239:23543704
1138:Serratia
1084:See also
1033:Serratia
1017:Serratia
991:Serratia
979:Serratia
944:Serratia
912:Serratia
885:Serratia
881:Serratia
873:Serratia
841:Serratia
813:protease
793:Serratia
758:Serratia
746:Serratia
698:Serratia
687:Serratia
671:Serratia
651:Serratia
647:Serratia
486:Serratia
471:Serratia
442:Serratia
438:Serratia
426:Serratia
422:Serratia
410:Serratia
382:Serratia
370:Serratia
342:Serratia
312:Serratia
310:).
276:bacteria
256:Serratia
135:Species
121:Serratia
106:Family:
76:Phylum:
70:Bacteria
66:Domain:
45:XLD agar
25:Serratia
3089:Malaria
2968:1309475
2942:3221744
2874:Q134980
2786:3042434
2777:2249322
2720:4680297
2663:6276409
2646:: 1–5.
2535:3194826
2315:2222120
2287:Bibcode
2264:1979103
2207:4920172
2133:6318876
2032:4566478
2015:7815229
1986:Bibcode
1902:9039571
1846:4909719
1831:: 6–8.
1825:IDCases
1797:3194826
1706:Science
1676:9793889
1647:Bibcode
1639:Science
1584:Bibcode
1230:3592283
1140:". In:
706:plasmid
602:abscess
564:in the
516:polenta
490:malaria
466:Insects
364:Habitat
334:biofilm
284:pigment
116:Genus:
96:Order:
86:Class:
3056:415973
3030:806315
3014:NZOR:
2981:591707
2955:356663
2929:1SERRG
2833:
2825:
2784:
2774:
2766:
2727:
2717:
2709:
2670:
2660:
2604:
2542:
2532:
2524:
2485:
2478:233051
2475:
2467:
2428:
2420:
2384:
2352:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2140:
2130:
2122:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2030:
2022:
2012:
2004:
1959:972193
1957:
1950:274449
1947:
1939:
1900:
1892:
1853:
1843:
1804:
1794:
1786:
1720:
1683:
1673:
1665:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1506:
1498:
1459:
1451:
1400:
1345:
1337:
1329:
1292:
1237:
1227:
1219:
831:, and
809:lipase
641:, and
416:Plants
396:, and
356:, and
302:, and
300:lipase
129:, 1823
3051:WoRMS
3038:Plazi
2963:IRMNG
2916:83136
2426:S2CID
2319:S2CID
2260:S2CID
2203:S2CID
2079:S2CID
2028:S2CID
1616:S2CID
1556:S2CID
1504:S2CID
1343:S2CID
1256:(PDF)
942:Most
805:DNAse
376:Water
292:DNase
261:genus
259:is a
127:Bizio
3002:NCBI
2989:LPSN
2976:ITIS
2937:GBIF
2924:EPPO
2903:7FX5
2831:PMID
2823:ISSN
2782:PMID
2764:ISSN
2725:PMID
2707:ISSN
2695:2015
2668:PMID
2644:2018
2613:2023
2602:PMID
2565:2020
2540:PMID
2522:ISSN
2487:6432
2483:PMID
2465:ISSN
2418:ISSN
2382:ISBN
2350:ISBN
2311:PMID
2303:ISSN
2252:PMID
2244:ISSN
2195:PMID
2187:ISSN
2138:PMID
2120:ISSN
2071:PMID
2063:ISSN
2020:PMID
2002:ISSN
1955:PMID
1937:ISSN
1898:PMID
1890:ISSN
1851:PMID
1802:PMID
1784:ISSN
1718:ISSN
1681:PMID
1663:ISSN
1608:PMID
1600:ISSN
1548:PMID
1540:ISSN
1496:ISSN
1457:PMID
1449:ISSN
1398:ISBN
1335:PMID
1327:ISSN
1290:ISBN
1267:2020
1235:PMID
1217:ISSN
1125:link
1051:and
960:and
851:and
724:and
657:and
432:and
296:nucA
3007:613
2911:EoL
2898:CoL
2815:doi
2772:PMC
2756:doi
2752:101
2715:PMC
2699:doi
2658:PMC
2648:doi
2594:doi
2590:213
2530:PMC
2514:doi
2473:PMC
2457:doi
2453:127
2410:doi
2374:doi
2342:doi
2295:doi
2283:154
2234:doi
2179:doi
2128:PMC
2110:doi
2055:doi
2051:103
2010:PMC
1994:doi
1982:200
1945:PMC
1929:doi
1882:doi
1841:PMC
1833:doi
1792:PMC
1776:doi
1710:doi
1671:PMC
1655:doi
1643:357
1592:doi
1532:doi
1488:doi
1439:doi
1390:doi
1319:doi
1225:PMC
1209:doi
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298:),
263:of
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