76:
569:—who advised the Government of India on the tsunami warning system—has said that the planned route may result in increased impact from tsunami waves. He wrote, "During the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004, the southern part of Kerala was generally spared from a major tsunami, mainly because the tsunami waves from Sumatra region travelling south of the Sri Lankan island, partially diffracted northward and affected the central part of the Kerala coast. Since the tsunami is a long gravity wave (similar to tides and storm surges) during the diffraction process, the rather wide turn it has to take spared the south Kerala coast. On the other hand, deepening the Sethu Canal might provide a more direct route for the tsunami and this could impact south Kerala."
38:
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charged with examining the desirability of the project. After evaluating the costs and benefits, this committee found the project feasible and viable. However it strongly recommended an overland passage instead of a channel cutting through Rama's Bridge. A land passage would have several advantages, such as avoiding shifting sandbanks and navigational hazards. Several reviews of the proposals followed until the
75:
265:, claiming that China will gain too strong of a diplomatic and economic foothold in Sri Lanka if the Indian government does not continue development in the region. In March 2021 the closure of the project was announced. On 12 January 2023, the Tamilnadu Government unanimously passed a resolution demanding that the project be revived.
562:, important for nuclear fuel requirements, would also be affected. Opponents also say that the dumping of dredged material from the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar in deeper waters would "endanger those areas, which are rich reserves containing 400 endangered species, including whales, sea turtles, dugongs and dolphins".
245:
decided to go ahead with the project in its current form. In 2014, the Modi government decided that the project would be implemented by deepening the Pamban pass which would save the Rama Setu from destruction. As of
December 2020, the project remains unfinished. In July 2020, parliamentary leader
244:
as the head of a six-member committee to look at an alternative alignment avoiding the sensitive Rama Sethu stretch. In 2013, the committee released its report calling the project "unviable both from the economic as well as ecological angles". The Indian government rejected the committee's report and
498:
on every voyage because the savings in time for these ships are considerably lower than what is calculated in the DPR. This loss is significant because 65% of the canal's projected users are from Africa and Europe. If tariffs are lowered to a point where ships from Africa and Europe will not lose
216:
surveyed the region in late 18th century; he suggested that a "navigable passage could be maintained by dredging of the
Ramisseram ". Little notice was given to his proposal, perhaps because it came from "so young and an unknown officer", and the idea was only revived 60 years later. Efforts were
211:
Because of its shallow waters, Sethusamudram—the sea separating Sri Lanka from India—presents a hindrance to navigation through the Palk Strait. Though trade across the India-Sri Lanka divide has been active since at least the first millennium BCE, it has been limited to small boats and dinghies.
493:
Some naval hydrographers and experts suggest that the project is unlikely to be financially viable or serve ships in any significant way. The time savings for ships sailing from
Kanyakumari or Tuticorin is between 10 and 30 hours. Ships from destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Mauritius and
277:
Opposition parties are demanding the implementation of the
Sethusamudram canal project using one of five alternative alignments considered by the government earlier without damaging Rama's Bridge. The Indian government has constituted nine committees before Independence and five committees after
224:
of the Indian
Marines and has been reviewed many times without a decision being made. It has been part of the election manifestos of all political parties during elections. The Government of India appointed the Sethu Samudram Project Committee in 1955—headed by Dr. A. Ramasamy Mudaliar—which was
550:
is in the vicinity of the proposed project. Opposition to the canal's planned route has come from local fishermen who are demanding alternative channels, which are available. They say the planned route would destroy marine life and corals and would impact the trade in conch shells that is worth
1031:
1225:
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524:(US$ 290 million), lapsed. To secure more money, Sethusamudram Corp. Ltd would have to draw up new reports, sit with parliamentary committees and receive fresh approval. The project cost which originally were
800:
In these circumstances we have no doubt, whatever that the junction between the two sea should be effected by a Canal; and the idea of cutting a passage in the sea through Ram's Bridge should be abandoned.
203:
The proposed route through the shoals of Ram Setu is opposed by some groups on religious, environmental and economical grounds. Five alternative routes were considered that avoid damage to the shoals.
1322:
502:
The canal is designed for ships of 30,000 metric tonnes and lighter. Most new ships weighing more than 60,000 tonnes and tankers weighing above 150,000 tonnes cannot use this canal.
872:
1233:
1195:
783:
1032:"Latest news on India, World, Sports, Bollywood from Hindustan Times, India's most trusted news brand | Ram Setu project faces cash crunch- Hindustan Times"
499:
money from using the canal, the IRR of the project falls to 2.6%. This is a level at which even public infrastructure projects are rejected by the government.
546:
The project would disturb the ecological balance and destroy corals and kill marine life. The area is an important fishing ground for Tamil Nadu and the
177:. This would provide a continuously navigable sea route around the Indian Peninsula. The channel would be dredged in the Sethusamudram sea between
212:
Larger oceangoing vessels coming from the West have had to navigate around Sri Lanka to reach India' eastern coast. Eminent
British geographer
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Axis Bank Ltd. was appointed "loan arranger" for the project in 2005.Since its inception in 2004, costs have risen to at least
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Europe, would save an average of 8 hours using the canal. At the present tariff rates, ships from Africa and Europe will lose
217:
made in 1838 to dredge the canal, but the passage did not remain navigable for any vessels except those with a shallow draft.
787:
1215:
959:"Most of the earlier alignments suggested were land based channel"- Retrieved from Government Website on Setusamudram Canal
141:
Shri A. Subbiah, IAS chairman, Tuticorin Port Trust & Chairman and managing director, Sethusamudram
Corporation Limited
1292:
577:
188:
The project involves digging a 44.9-nautical-mile (51.7 mi; 83.2 km) long deepwater channel linking the shallow
517:(US$ 480 million), interest rates have risen and old loan terms have lapsed. The loan sanctions, valid only up to
784:"Use land based channel and do not cut through Ram bridge:Sethu samudram project committee report to Union Government"
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Alignment approval subject to
Environmental Report: Supreme Court of India, Project delayed sine die
89:
873:"Citing Indo-China conflict, DMK MP TR Baalu urges PM Modi to restore the 'Sethusamudram' project"
737:
580:
on the feasibility of a route through
Dhanuskodi instead of Rama's Bridge had been carried out.
1116:
822:
588:
Opposition to the project came from some Hindu groups that want to preserve the remains of the
692:
622:
279:
712:
Rodd, Rennell (April 1930). "Major James
Rennell. Born 3 December 1742. Died 20 March 1830".
648:
917:"Most of the earlier committees have suggested land based passages across Rameswaram Island"
729:
589:
253:
urging him to finish the project before 2024. In the letter, Baalu cited tensions between
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725:
51:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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169:) is a proposed project to create a shipping route in the shallow straits between
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Minister Nitin Gadkari inspecting the Sethusamudram project site by Hovercraft
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Revalidated Lakshminaryan committee report. New alignment not suggested.
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independence, most of which have suggested a land-based alignment across
846:"Centre junks Pachauri report, will go ahead with Setusamudram project"
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One mile east of Parliamentary proposal across Rameswaram Island
282:. None of them have suggested an alignment across Rama's Bridge.
813:"Pachauri to head six-member experts committee - Today's Paper"
339:
Almost same place as Parliamentary proposal across Rameswaram
31:
1226:
Manitham's Interim Report on Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project
621:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 298–299.
1170:"India's Sethu Canal Project :Que Sera Sera for Sri Lanka"
649:
http://www.ivarta.com/columns/images/image_OL_070508_3.jpg
618:
Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects
233:
announced the inauguration of the project on 2 July 2005.
1143:"Sethu order not for a year, SC to wait for panel report"
538:(US$ 540 million), a shipping ministry source said.
200:, it received approval of the Indian government in 2005.
720:(4). The Geographical Journal, Vol. 75, No. 4: 289–299.
421:
Across Dhanuskodi Island 1 km west of Ramar Temple
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and Sri Lanka, passing through the limestone shoals of
1196:"Sethusamudram ship channel project set to be beached"
651:
5 Alternative alignments without damaging Ramar bridge
1007:"'The Sethu Samudram does not make nautical sense'"
687:
Asia's Maritime Bead Trade: 300 B.C. to the Present
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317:Two miles east of Pamban across Rameswaram Island
1058:"Sethusamudram project cost rises by Rs 4500 cr"
1082:
1080:
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220:The project was conceived in 1860 by Commander
1323:Proposed transport infrastructure in Sri Lanka
892:"SPV for Sethusamudram project to be wound up"
229:Government of India headed by Prime Minister
8:
68:
1221:Geo-Strategic Implications of Sethusamudram
971:"Sethusamudram Canal: An Expensive Voyage?"
531:(US$ 3.0 billion) will grow by almost
151:
558:(US$ 18 million) a year. Deposits of
443:Across Pamban island East of Ramar Temple
269:Alignments suggested by earlier committees
74:
67:
1089:"Why the Ram Setu must not be destroyed"
285:
610:
608:
604:
576:decided to delay the project until an
429:Pallavan transport consultancy report
69:Sethusamudram Shipping Channel Project
7:
1117:"India's Suez canal opens up divide"
1034:. hindustantimes.com. Archived from
980:. pp. 2993–2996. Archived from
148:Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
943:"History of Sethusamudram Channel?"
844:Singh, Gyanant (23 February 2013).
786:. 30 September 2007. Archived from
662:"Image: lankan.jpg, (400 Ă— 354 px)"
615:Brunn, Stanley D. (19 March 2011).
548:Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
1168:Mendis, Willie (18 January 2008).
25:
1216:Sethusamudram Corporation Limited
919:. 16 October 2007. Archived from
314:Parliamentary committee proposal
27:Canal between India and Sri Lanka
890:Bhaskar, Utpal (16 March 2021).
451:Current alignment most favoured
418:Lakshminarayan committee report
396:Sethusamudram project committee
36:
1115:Ramesh, Randeep (2 July 2005).
1087:Vijay, Tarun (25 April 2007).
821:. 31 July 2008. Archived from
691:. University of Hawaii Press.
1:
1194:Manoj, P (28 December 2020).
1123:. Guardian News and Media Ltd
978:Economic and Political Weekly
871:Nair, Shilpa (10 July 2020).
578:Environmental impact analysis
1298:Water transport in Sri Lanka
969:John, Jacob (21 July 2007).
852:. Living Media India Limited
440:Tuticorin port trust report
399:Mainland at Mandapam island
164:Ocean Shipping Canal Project
683:Francis Jr., Peter (2002).
227:United Progressive Alliance
1339:
1149:. New Delhi. 22 April 2010
664:. nation.lk. 21 April 2007
407:Nagendra committee report
374:Railway engineer proposal
325:William Dennison proposal
295:Suggested alignment route
565:Tsunami expert Professor
473:Mid ocean Passage across
454:Mid ocean passage across
410:Across Rameswaram Island
388:Across Rameswaram Island
377:Across Rameswaram Island
73:
45:This article needs to be
1303:Transport in Thoothukudi
714:The Geographical Journal
365:Across Rameswaram Island
236:In 2008, Prime Minister
1062:Daily News and Analysis
761:Encyclopædia Britannica
385:Robert Bristo proposal
196:. Conceived in 1860 by
592:from the ancient epic
574:Supreme Court of India
572:On 21 April 2010, the
283:
249:presented a letter to
350:One mile from Pamban
276:
1293:International canals
1249:9.09389°N 79.54667°E
542:Environmental impact
336:Stoddart's Proposal
242:Rajendra K. Pachauri
198:Alfred Dundas Taylor
1245: /
726:1930GeogJ..75..289R
347:Robertson proposal
306:Deepen Pampan pass
303:Townshend proposal
251:Prime Minister Modi
214:Major James Rennell
118:, Tamil Nadu, India
90:Government of India
70:
1174:Sri Lanka Guardian
949:on 14 October 2007
923:on 14 October 2007
790:on 13 October 2007
284:
261:over influence in
1318:Macro-engineering
1283:Politics of India
1254:9.09389; 79.54667
987:on 28 August 2008
628:978-90-481-9920-4
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280:Rameswaram Island
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1121:The Guardian
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529:24,700 crore
509:
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292:Report Name
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222:A. D. Taylor
219:
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112:Headquarters
86:Company type
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1313:Palk Strait
1273:Ship canals
1252: /
1067:2 September
1042:2 September
1016:2 September
829:2 September
668:2 September
536:4,500 crore
522:2,400 crore
515:4,000 crore
247:T. R. Baalu
190:Palk Strait
124:Area served
1267:Categories
1240:79°32′48″E
1179:16 October
1127:16 October
1100:10 October
1094:Rediff.com
1011:rediff.com
953:16 October
927:16 October
856:10 October
794:15 October
600:References
240:appointed
183:Rama Sethu
179:Tamil Nadu
137:Key people
129:Tamil Nadu
1237:9°05′38″N
1153:2 October
991:9 October
877:Times Now
818:The Hindu
567:Tad Murty
556:150 crore
496:US$ 4,992
475:Rama Setu
456:Rama Setu
361:proposal
263:Sri Lanka
192:with the
175:Sri Lanka
57:July 2015
879:. India.
594:Ramayana
584:Religion
489:Economic
96:Industry
742:1784813
722:Bibcode
560:thorium
551:almost
207:History
155:
131:, India
116:Chennai
104:Founded
47:updated
901:23 May
764:. 2007
740:
695:
634:23 May
625:
484:Issues
985:(PDF)
974:(PDF)
738:JSTOR
448:2005
437:1996
426:1996
415:1981
404:1967
393:1956
382:1922
371:1903
355:1884
344:1872
333:1871
322:1863
311:1862
300:1861
289:Year
259:China
255:India
171:India
1181:2013
1155:2010
1129:2013
1102:2013
1069:2015
1044:2015
1018:2015
993:2013
955:2007
929:2007
903:2022
896:mint
858:2013
831:2015
796:2007
770:2007
693:ISBN
670:2015
636:2022
623:ISBN
463:2010
257:and
173:and
162:Setu
152:lit.
107:2005
730:doi
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