1208:, and informs Teshub about it. After hearing the news, Teshub starts crying. The following scene is poorly preserved, but it is possible that a violent struggle occurs between Teshub and his allies and Kumarbi. When the text resumes, both sides are being admonished by the god Ea, who warns them about the potential dire consequences of their lack of concern of welfare of their human followers. Šauška therefore devises a non-violent solution to the threat of Ḫedammu. She seduces the eponymous antagonist, and with the help of her servants Ninatta and Kulitta tricks him into drinking a sedating potion, which seemingly leads to his defeat, though the ending is not preserved. It is possible that like some of the other antagonists, he was not killed, but merely had to abstain from trying to overthrow Teshub.
564:
593:, the masculine form of Šauška appears in the procession of male deities (figure designated as 38 in modern reference works), accompanied by Ninatta and Kulitta (figures 36 and 37). While beardless, he wears the same pointed headwear as the other male deities, as well as a robe exposing one leg and pointed shoes. An inscription placed above a gap between figures 55 and 56 in the procession of female deities indicates that originally feminine Šauška was depicted there as well, but this relief is presently missing. A single relief similar to these from Yazılıkaya has however been found in nearby
1273:, only known from fragments, seemingly recounts a story in which Šauška raises the eponymous entity, whose name can be translated as "oil." It has been proposed that in the context of this myth Hašarri should be understood as a personified olive tree. Volkert Haas proposed that this myth might have belonged to the cycle of Kumarbi, but this proposal is not universally accepted. The restoration of the plot is uncertain, both due to state of preservation and the still imperfect understanding of Hurrian language. In known fragments Šauška seeks the help of
949:
678:
47:
462:Šauška was a goddess of love (including sexual love), as well as war. In the former of these two roles, she was believed to be able to guarantee conjugal love, return or deprive of potency, but also turn women into men and vice versa. Especially in Anatolia, she was also closely associated with magic and incantations, and as a result could be invoked as a healing deity. Hittite texts describe her as
816:, a Hurrianized spelling of Suen, name of the moon god; unlike him Namrazunna was female). In one text, Ninatta, Kulitta, Šintal-irti and Namrazunna are grouped together as "first servants," while Šinan-tatukarni, Ali, Halzari and Taruwi are labeled as "last servants." It is assumed that the former group should be understood as bringers of luck, and the latter as having the opposite impact.
901:Šauška, directly identified as the goddess of Nineveh, was also worshiped in Nuzi, where she appears in theophoric names, one example being Ar-Šauška. She was most likely worshiped in a double temple dedicated jointly to her and Teshub. Documents from Nuzi listing oil offerings to various deities additionally attest the worship of other goddesses referred to as "Ishtars": IŠTAR
635:
705:, absorbed from the pantheon of Halab (Aleppo) and regarded as the wife of Teshub. Šauška's secondary position compared to Hebat is particularly visible in Hittite lists of divine witnesses of treaties. According to Alfonso Archi, Shaushka was nonetheless one of the three most commonly worshiped unmarried Hurrian goddesses in the west, next to
894:, but according to Gary Beckman it is unknown if it was inhabited by Hurrians and if Šauška was worshiped in it at the time. Joan Goodnick Westenholz argues that in the light of later evidence and well attested Hurrian names of various locations in northern Mesopotamia, it is plausible that Nineveh was already Hurrian during the reign of
1219:, Šauška joins her brother in a journey to mount Hazzi, from which they can see the new foe. She unsuccessfully attempts to seduce the monster by adorning herself with sea shells and singing a song which reaches both earth and heaven, but a sea wave informs her her efforts are in vain as the monster is incapable of feeling anything.
1146:, the daughter of this goddess' priest from Lawazantiya, Pentipsharri. Some members of the royal court during his reign had theophoric names invoking Šauška, some of them combining linguistically Hittite and Hurrian name elements. She was also introduced to many northern Hittite towns during the reign of Puduhepa's son
643:
legs, but lacking any identifiable sex characteristics, which is assumed to fit Šauška's dual nature as both masculine and feminine deity. Additionally, goddesses depicted on eastern
Hurrian cylinder seals in company of various animals (lions, goats, bulls, snakes, scorpions) and mythical beasts (lion-dragons,
999:, though Marie-Claude Trémouille notes that the logogram IŠTAR might instead denote Išḫara in sources from that city. Shaushka is however unambiguously attested in personal names, such as Arib-Šauška and Wandi-Šauška. In Emar she appears exclusively in Hurro-Hittite documents, and bears the Hurrian epithet
1367:
It has been proposed that a figure known as Ishtar Hurri (the
Hurrian Ishtar first attested in texts from Ugarit written in Akkadian, was analogous to Šauška. While other explanations of the epithet Hurri have also been proposed, according to Mark Smith they are not plausible. The "Hurrian Astarte"
642:
Some possible depictions of Šauška are also known from Nuzi, though they are not directly labeled as such in inscriptions from the site or other textual sources. One is a figure of a deity holding an axe and a geometric emblem, dressed in shoes with pointy ends and a robe exposing the abdomen and
1114:
contains many references to Šauška. There are few, if any, references to any "Ishtar-type" goddesses in texts from the Old
Hittite period, indicating that Shaushka only gained her importance in Anatolia, attested from the Middle Hittite period onward, under Hurrian influence. The annexation of
1277:, as suggested to her by Kumarbi, assembles various gods for uncertain reasons, protects Hašarri from a lion, and eventually rejoices watching the olive tree's growth, possibly supplemented with the help of her magic. Ninatta and Kulitta also make a brief appearance in an unknown role.
581:
A Hittite text describing the appearance of statues of various deities mentions two depictions of Šauška, one seated, winged and holding a cup, and another, masculine, also winged and armed with a golden ax. Both were said to be flanked by
Ninatta and Kulitta and accompanied by an
1127:. Many of the locations associated with Šauška in Hittite documents were located in northern Syria and southeastern Anatolia, and both she and any other goddesses referred to as "Ishtars" were apparently not associated with any of the oldest Hittite religious centers like
808:. In ritual texts other deities were grouped with Ninatta and Kulitta as members of Šauška's entourage. Examples include Šintal-wuri (Hurrian: "seven-eyed"), Šintal-irti ("seven-breasted"), Šinan-tatukarni ("twofold at love") and Namrazunna (from Akkadian
1333:, who prayed to the Ishtar of Nineveh to be relieved from physical and mental pains. Additionally, Frans Wiggermann considers a text describing Ishtar of Nineveh whose "upper parts are Bel, and (...) lower parts are Ninlil" to be evidence of the deity's
776:
in other compositions. It is possible more evidence was present in sections which are not preserved. Mary R. Bachvarova proposes that Šauška might have been born before the storm god. In an alternate tradition, she was the daughter of the moon god,
1228:, in which she is attacked by the eponymous deity while traveling with Teshub in his chariot. According to Marie-Claude Trémouille this myth emphasizes her role as a war deity. While she does not play an active role in the
418:
and its manifestation of Ishtar. A different view is presented by Beate
Pongratz-Leisten, who understands Šauška and Ishtar of Nineveh to be fully analogous, and as a result, refers to the goddess whose temple existed in
862:." The term "Subartu" designated areas north of Mesopotamia. Both in ancient documents and in past scholarship the terms "Subartu" and "Subarians" usually refer to Hurrians. In Ugarit Šauška could be associated with
647:, sphinx-like and snake-like creates, two-headed griffin demons) are often assumed to be Šauška, her hypostases or similar local deities, though this identification is uncertain due to lack of textual evidence.
991:Šauška was also worshiped in various cities in Syria. In Ugarit she appears in a ritual dedicated to the local goddess Ashtart. One section of the text pertaining directly to the Hurrian goddess is written in
1267:, described in it as a rapist. In return for sparing him in spite of his crime he promises to tell her the story of Teshub's victory over the sea and the subsequent rebellion of the mountain gods against him.
1353:. It is also possible that the frequent appearances of Adad side by side with Ishtar in neo-Assyrian treaties were the influence of Hurrian beliefs regarding the close connection between Teshub and Šauška.
453:
was a local form of Šauška. This view has been evaluated critically by Joan
Goodnick Westenholz, who remarks that with the exception of their gender these deities do not appear to be similar to each other.
768:. However, the first myth in the so-called Kumarbi cycle, which deals with the birth of his children, does not mention her, even though she is referred to as the sister of both Teshub and his brother (and
1062:. While foreign deities were generally not worshiped in the official provincial shrines of the Ur III state, Šauška appears to be an exception, as offerings to her took place in the provincial shrine in
1135:. There is nonetheless evidence for worship of her in cities like Katapa and Lanta, which according to Gary Beckman belonged to the central Hittite area, and she likely had a temple in Hattusa as well.
1204:, she is the central protagonist. She discovers the existence of the eponymous antagonist, a voracious sea monster who was the son of Kumarbi and Šertapšuruḫi, a daughter of his ally, the sea god
3529:
Anatolian interfaces: Hittites, Greeks, and their neighbours: proceedings of an
International Conference on Cross-cultural Interaction, September 17-19, 2004, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
1240:Šauška is referenced in a fragmentary myth dealing with the sea. It relays that at one point the sea caused a flood which reached the heavens, and demanded tribute of gold, silver and
612:, though the weapons are not always the same, with clubs and spears also attested. Like the Yazılıkaya reliefs, they tend to show Šauška with one leg exposed. Some of them are winged.
1359:
in a single document used the name "Šawuška" to refer to a goddess he called the "dweller in
Nineveh." This is assumed to be the last pre-modern mention of her as a distinct figure.
604:, where she is depicted holding an ax and a hammer, and wearing the same type of horned headwear as the male deities. Similar reliefs are also known from other locations, including
181:. She was associated with love and war, as well as with incantations and by extension with healing. While she was usually referred to as a goddess and with feminine titles, such as
298:-TÁR, LIŠ and GAŠAN) and syllabic (no less than eleven variants), the latter present in exclusively Hurrian contexts. Logographic spellings also predominate in literary texts, but
827:, Ḫupuštukar, Tenu, Lipparuma and Mukišanu. It is uncertain if Unudurupa (also spelled Unduruwa), associated with Allani in another document, was the same deity as Undurumma.
789:. While Kušuḫ is also attested as the father of Teshub, according to Daniel Schwemer the reference is isolated and it is presently not possible to evaluate its implications.
3937:
800:
Ninatta and
Kulitta, a dyad of Hurrian musician goddesses always listed together, were her handmaidens, though in the Bronze Age they are only attested in texts from
4656:
1169:
in
Hittite texts, it is difficult to tell what types of clergy belonged to the cult of Šauška and served as the staff of her temples. An exception is the case of
2490:
de Martino, Stefano, "The Edict Issued bt the Hittite King Hattusili III Concerning the Priesthood of the Goddess Istar/Sausga", STUDIA ASIANA 13, pp. 9-23, 2023
984:
May Šauška, the mistress of heaven, protect us, my brother and me, 100,000 years, and may our mistress grant both of us great joy. And let us act as friends.
410:, it is difficult to tell if full correspondence can be assumed to exist between Hurrian Šauška and Assyrian Ishtar of Nineveh, especially in inscriptions of
3303:"Ishtar seduces the Sea-serpent. A New Join in the Epic of Hedammu (KUB 36, 56+95) and its meaning for the battle between Baal and Yam in Ugaritic Tradition"
4661:
4044:
1123:, Hattarina and Tameninga occur particularly commonly. Also common are references to Ishtar of Samuha, usually identified by researchers as the so-called
1119:
of Šauška or other goddesses represented by the logogram IŠTAR are known from Hittite sources. In addition to Šauška of Nineveh, these from the cities of
753:
Western Hurrians regarded her as Teshub's sister, but their relation in eastern Hurrian pantheons from the Mittani Empire or various kingdoms east of the
563:
551:
states that "ambiguous gender identification" was a characteristic of a category he refers to as "Ishtar type" goddesses, encompassing also the likes of
933:, which means "lady of the city walls" in Akkadian. It is also known that in Ulamme, a Hurrian city like Nuzi located in the kingdom of Arrapha, IŠTAR
1077:, where she appears in offering lists and in a local god list, in a section dedicated to manifestations of Ishtar. A forerunner to the later god list
1337:
character. A further example of Hurrian influence is the fact that in the first millennium BCE Ninatta and Kulitta are attested in the entourages of
275:
origin and can be translated as "The Great One" or "The Magnificent One." Many Hurrian deities had similarly simple, epithet-like names, for example
650:
Frans Wiggermann additionally considers it possible that some depictions of the weather god accompanied by a naked goddess, usually interpreted as
3650:
Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
1066:, where she received linen textiles, possibly clothing meant for a cult state. However, she only rarely received offerings at the royal court.
1014:, is derived from that of an unidentified bird, was associated with the worship of Šauška according to Hittite documents. The bird in mention,
1026:
It is presently uncertain under what circumstances Šauška and other foreign deities were introduced to the pantheon of Mesopotamia during the
3947:
3751:
3658:
3594:
3563:
3536:
3513:
3345:
3314:
3283:
3121:
3090:
3034:
2967:
1329:
Some Hurrian elements nonetheless survived in Nineveh. Šauška's role as a healing deity seemingly resurfaces in the documents from the reign
1116:
781:, likely due to influence of Mesopotamian religion, in which her counterpart Inanna was most commonly viewed as a daughter of the moon god
866:. However, in four Ugaritic texts Ashtart instead corresponds to Išḫara. Mary R. Bachvarova and Gernot Wilhelm consider it possible that
4433:
544:, and once among goddesses. A Hurrian ritual text separately mentions offerings to "male attributes" and "female attributes" of Šauška.
4651:
3778:
638:
A drawing of the figures depicted on the bowl of Hasanlu. A naked goddess, who might be Šauška, is visible in the bottom right corner.
3583:"Comments on the Translatability of Divinity: Cultic and Theological Responses to the Presence of the Other in the Ancient near East"
3835:
3720:
3629:
3467:
3262:
3002:
3046:"The Other Version of the Story of the Storm-god's Combat with the Sea in the Light of Egyptian, Ugaritic, and Hurro-Hittite Texts"
3021:
470:, which can be translated as "the woman of that which is repeatedly spoken," most likely a reference to her role in incantations.
4636:
4626:
4037:
217:. She was also worshiped in southern Mesopotamia, where she was introduced alongside a number of other foreign deities in the
4220:
1244:
from the gods, with Kumarbi possibly urging the other deities to pay. The deity who brings the tribute to the sea is Šauška (
1124:
605:
509:
256:. She also appears in a myth about Hašarri, a personified olive tree, who needs to be protected by her from various threats.
4585:
846:, and Hebat and Mušuni. One of such texts refers to "water of Šauška and Nabarbi," believed to have purifying qualities.
689:Šauška was the highest ranked goddess in the Hurrian pantheon, as evidenced for example by documents from the kingdom of
236:, many of which are only known from their Hittite translations, Šauška commonly appears either as an ally of her brother
414:, who might have introduced religious innovations in Nineveh to compete with the religious importance of the city of
4030:
757:
is uncertain. They could be worshiped side by side, but Šauška was never explicitly identified as Teshub's spouse.
574:Šauška was commonly depicted in the company of and her two attendants, Ninatta and Kulitta, both on reliefs and on
485:, "the Ninevite." The association is also present in Mesopotamian texts: these from the Ur III period label her as
3023:
Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
1030:. Tonia Sharlach notes the areas in which they were originally worshiped form a horseshoe around territories the
536:
While primarily referred to as a goddess, Šauška had both a feminine and masculine aspect and in reliefs from the
4641:
4621:
3079:"Adapting Mesopotamian Myth in Hurro-Hittite Rituals at Hattuša: IŠTAR, the Underworld, and the Legendary Kings"
528:
in the Hurrian pantheon. Like Šauška, she was associated with Ishtar. A single ritual text pairs them together.
4616:
4611:
4340:
407:
665:
might be Šauška, as the scenes depicted on it are sometimes interpreted as a representation of myths from the
727:
and her servants Ninatta and Kulitta, or to these dedicated Hebat, in which case she could be placed between
4082:
1322:, as a result of the Assyrian rulers pairing all of these goddesses with the head of the imperial pantheon,
263:. Other servant deities associated with her appear only in lists of offerings and descriptions of rituals.
4631:
929:. Most of these epithets are either Hurrian or Hurrianised, and their meaning is unknown. An exception is
662:
193:, but she was also worshiped in many other centers associated with this culture, from Anatolian cities in
4311:
819:
Another minor deity, Undurumma, attested with certainty in only one document, was identified as Šauška's
477:, and in Hurrian myths she is often called the "queen" of that city. Other Hurrian texts refer to her as
1286:. However, in the Hittite version Ishtar's replacement is instead a goddess whose name is written as IŠ
1070:
423:
at the end of the second millennium BCE and to Šauška as known from sources from the Hurrian kingdom of
948:
4570:
4413:
1264:
1098:
Theophoric names invoking Šauška are also known from Mesopotamian sources from Puzrish-Dagan, Ur, and
253:
4125:
2488:
1256:
and the sea, known from the so-called "Astarte papyrus," though the latter bears similarities to the
839:
594:
240:, or as a heroine in her own right. Specific narratives describe her battles against the sea monster
4408:
4306:
3272:
Bloch-Smith, Elizabeth (2014). "Archaeological and Inscriptional Evidence for Phoenician Astarte".
1342:
1111:
957:
541:
291:
260:
218:
882:
Both Šauška and her primary cult center, Nineveh, are mentioned for the first time in a text from
4646:
4478:
3882:
3176:
3168:
3008:
1039:
723:(offering lists) dedicated to the circle of Teshub, in which case she was placed between the god
329:
Based on administrative texts of the archives of the Third Dynasty of Ur, the early spelling was
259:
Both in the sphere of cult and in myths, Šauška was usually accompanied by her two handmaidens,
760:
Marie-Claude Trémouille notes that as the sister of Teshub, she was presumably the daughter of
4590:
4053:
3953:
3943:
3874:
3841:
3831:
3774:
3757:
3747:
3726:
3716:
3697:
3664:
3654:
3635:
3625:
3600:
3590:
3569:
3559:
3542:
3532:
3509:
3473:
3463:
3351:
3341:
3320:
3310:
3289:
3279:
3258:
3221:
3160:
3127:
3117:
3096:
3086:
3065:
3030:
2998:
2973:
2963:
1282:
1249:
357:
350:
3902:"Mischwesen A. Philologisch. Mesopotamien · Hybrid creatures A. Philological. In Mesopotamia"
1310:. Her character in this period was shaped by associations with Ishtar of Assur and Ishtar of
1147:
941:. A further cult center of Šauška known from the Nuzi texts is Lupti, identified with modern
4666:
4575:
4488:
4373:
4240:
4235:
4200:
4077:
4072:
3866:
3689:
3250:
3242:
3211:
3203:
3152:
3057:
2990:
1338:
1315:
1191:
1102:, for example Ur-Šauša and Geme-Šauša, both using the standard Ur III spelling of the name.
891:
272:
233:
186:
178:
1341:, Ishtar of Assur, and Ishtar of Nineveh. The Akkadian spellings of their names known from
980:, a country that I love, and then return." Now I herewith send her, and she is on her way.
682:
590:
568:
537:
383:
too. Additionally, it was the origin of the name of the goddess of the underworld, Allani.
189:: "lady"), references to masculine Šauška are also known. The Hurrians associated her with
52:
4580:
1330:
782:
677:
435:
971:, which mentions a statue of Šauška meant to help with the recovery of the ailing ruler:
314:
and Nawar, Atal-shen, used the logogram INANNA to write Šauška's name, while later on in
4468:
4358:
3622:
Akten des IV. Internationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie: Würzburg, 4.-8. Oktober 1999
895:
575:
430:
It is assumed that Ishtar references in documents from the Old Assyrian trading colony
411:
387:
206:
4130:
3678:"The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies: Part II"
3234:
1263:
Another myth (KUB 33.108) deals with the conflict between Šauška and the mountain god
1232:, she is mentioned in passing as a (half-)sister of Kumarbi's half human son, Silver.
874:, who points out that Anzili was paired with the goddess Zukki, while Šauška was not.
710:
4605:
4180:
4087:
3239:
Hittite Studies in Honor of Harry A. Hoffner Jr. on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday
3180:
3012:
1274:
1139:
1027:
1007:
977:
968:
942:
883:
728:
434:
are Ishtar of Assur rather than Šauška, but she might nonetheless appear in Assyrian
4321:
4225:
4140:
3194:
Beckman, Gary (1999). "The Goddess Pirinkir and Her Ritual from Ḫattuša (CTH 644)".
778:
117:
100:
1241:
1110:Šauška was also worshiped by the Hittites, who received her from the Hurrians. The
1047:
956:
An important document pertaining to worship of Šauška in the Mittani empire is the
871:
615:
548:
517:
504:, as well as the other "Ishtars" known to Hurrians and Hittites (such as Ishtar of
46:
4438:
4393:
4175:
4004:
3985:
3808:
3789:
3709:
Sharlach, Tonia (2002). "Foreign Influences on the Religion of the Ur III Court".
3440:
1200:
540:
sanctuary appears twice, once among the gods, accompanied also by her handmaidens
363:. The same epithet is attested from other Hurrian texts, sometimes in the variant
241:
3966:
3919:
3901:
3486:
3421:
3402:
3383:
3364:
4483:
4275:
3830:(in German). Kevelaer Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon und Bercker Neukirchener Verlag.
3114:
Gods, heroes, and monsters: a sourcebook of Greek, Roman, and Near Eastern myths
1334:
1323:
1120:
1088:
446:
214:
3693:
4524:
4326:
4285:
4260:
4230:
4210:
4160:
3355:
3324:
3246:
3061:
2994:
1257:
1132:
1079:
698:
634:
619:
194:
4120:
3878:
3761:
3701:
3604:
3573:
3546:
3293:
3225:
3164:
3131:
3100:
3069:
2977:
870:
was regarded as her Hittite counterpart, though this view is not accepted by
823:(attendant deity). The same ritual text also mentions other Hurrian sukkals:
4473:
4448:
3957:
3730:
3668:
3639:
3477:
3207:
1356:
1216:
1092:
1035:
961:
773:
694:
644:
552:
450:
245:
229:
culture resulted in the adoption of Šauška into the Hittite state pantheon.
90:
4280:
4215:
4170:
3845:
3273:
1212:
986:
Is Šauška for me alone my god(dess), and for my brother not his god(dess)?
658:, instead represent Teshub and his companion, who he assumes to be Šauška.
1115:
Kizzuwatna in particular is assumed to be a contributing factor. 25 local
1087:
from the same period also mentions her. She is also present in texts from
567:Šauška accompanied by Ninatta and Kulitta in the procession of deities in
4534:
4443:
4398:
4290:
4115:
4067:
3254:
3216:
1303:
1245:
1205:
1143:
1059:
992:
302:
is an exception and seemingly consistently employs the syllabic spelling
249:
226:
17:
4539:
4519:
4509:
4270:
4265:
4245:
4205:
4155:
4145:
4135:
3886:
3172:
1307:
1253:
1187:
1166:
1055:
1051:
996:
965:
863:
859:
843:
831:
801:
765:
732:
690:
666:
623:
601:
525:
474:
424:
420:
376:
368:
319:
284:
280:
198:
190:
143:
94:
68:
56:
3854:
3140:
4554:
4549:
4504:
4403:
4368:
4316:
4255:
4250:
4150:
4110:
2985:
Archi, Alfonso (2020). "Išḫara and Aštar at Ebla: Some Definitions".
1319:
1099:
1043:
938:
887:
867:
855:
824:
820:
805:
786:
769:
754:
742:
714:
706:
609:
505:
501:
431:
311:
276:
237:
222:
202:
154:
132:
113:
4022:
3870:
3739:
3710:
3677:
3648:
3613:
3333:
3302:
3156:
3109:
3045:
1150:, alongside other foreign deities such as Ishtar of Babylon, Syrian
3582:
3334:"The Hurritic Myth about Sausga of Nineveh and Hasarri (CTH 776.2)"
3078:
2955:
4544:
4529:
4363:
4348:
3524:
1369:
1311:
1215:
informs Teshub about the birth of a new threat, the diorite giant
1155:
1151:
1128:
947:
858:, and Mesopotamian lexical lists could refer to her as "Ishtar of
702:
676:
655:
633:
562:
521:
415:
372:
3746:. Fribourg Göttingen: Academic Press Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
3278:. Fribourg Göttingen: Academic Press Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
3196:
Ktèma: Civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques
4514:
1173:, who were directly associated with festivals dedicated to her.
1159:
1084:
1074:
1063:
976:
Thus Šauška of Niniveh, mistress of all lands: "I wish to go to
724:
713:, while according to Gernot Wilhelm her position in Alalakh and
651:
490:
315:
210:
72:
4026:
3920:"Nackte Göttin A. Philologisch · Naked goddess A. Philological"
337:. In Mari in the Old Babylonian period the name was spelled as
4353:
2675:
2673:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
1280:Šauška also replaces Ishtar in the Hurrian translation of the
761:
741:
of her own, which included deities such as Allani, Išḫara and
1306:
attestations of the goddess of Niniveh come exclusively from
1290:-TÁR-iš, whose identity cannot be determined with certainty.
1882:
1880:
1878:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1031:
792:Šauška was typically regarded as unmarried and childless.
2828:
2826:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2206:
2204:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
2855:
2853:
2765:
2763:
2750:
2748:
2371:
2369:
2233:
2231:
1619:
1617:
921:(first half of the name might be identical with the word
838:("purification") rituals they appear alongside the pairs
717:
was the same as in the east. Šauška could be included in
225:. At a later point in time, growing Hurrian influence on
2870:
2868:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2052:
2050:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1848:
1846:
1821:
1819:
1186:Šauška plays a major role in myths forming the cycle of
1138:Šauška is mentioned in documents from the reign of king
3855:"The Old Akkadian Presence in Nineveh: Fact or Fiction"
2921:
2919:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1527:
1525:
1248:). It has been pointed out that this text resembles an
2296:
2294:
2013:
2011:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1050:. In addition to Šauška, the Hurrian examples include
952:
Amarna letter EA 23, which mentions a statue of Šauška
489:, "of Nineveh," while an Old Babylonian god list from
3744:
Transformation of a goddess: Ishtar-Astarte-Aphrodite
3275:
Transformation of a goddess: Ishtar-Astarte-Aphrodite
2080:
1695:
1223:
736:
718:
3504:
MacGinnis, John D. A. (2020). "The Gods of Arbail".
1512:
1510:
4563:
4497:
4461:
4426:
4386:
4339:
4299:
4193:
4103:
4096:
4060:
3020:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
149:
139:
128:
123:
109:
83:
78:
64:
32:
1363:Ugaritic Ishtar Hurri and Phoenician Astarte Hurri
520:character. The role of a divine representation of
3865:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 7–18.
854:Šauška was regarded as the Hurrian equivalent of
3828:Gestalt und Kult der Ištar-Šawuška in Kleinasien
3525:"Setting Up the Goddess of the Night Separately"
2476:
2399:
2261:
1671:
1314:, and especially under the rule of the Assyrian
1165:Due to the convention of logographic writing of
3241:. Penn State University Press. pp. 37–58.
3151:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–10.
1318:, all three of them were in turn influenced by
973:
221:. In this area, she came to be associated with
2956:"The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background"
693:and by the correspondence of the Mitanni king
294:archive attests multiple, both logographic (IŠ
4038:
3081:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.).
2958:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.).
2679:
701:, where the main Hurrian goddess was instead
8:
3942:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
3712:General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/3
3508:. Archaeopress Publishing. pp. 101–18.
2523:
2171:
2159:
2116:
1211:In the Song of Ullikummi, after the sun god
508:, possibly the same deity as the enigmatic "
3558:. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
2937:
2222:
2068:
322:documents, the usual spelling is syllabic,
4383:
4336:
4296:
4190:
4100:
4045:
4031:
4023:
3403:"Puduḫepa A. In den schriftlichen Quellen"
2910:
2739:
2715:
2691:
2452:
2360:
2324:
2140:
1985:
1973:
1886:
1726:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1558:
1489:
1414:
890:'s reign. The city already existed in the
532:Androgynous or genderfluid characteristics
45:
3740:"Athtart in Late Bronze Age Syrian Texts"
3682:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions
3215:
3050:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions
2886:
600:A further relief of Šauška is known from
386:Two alphabetic spellings are attested in
279:("the lady"), Mušuni ("she of justice"),
3587:Les représentations des dieux des autres
2898:
2844:
2832:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2769:
2754:
2703:
2640:
2604:
2464:
2440:
2423:
2210:
2092:
2056:
1961:
1949:
1926:
1907:
1683:
1623:
1577:
1501:
964:, king of Mitanni to his father-in-law,
473:Šauška was also the tutelary goddess of
371:." Other Hurrian goddesses, for example
341:, and was often preceded by the epithet
290:The spellings vary between sources. The
177:, was the highest ranked goddess in the
3771:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
3083:Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman
2960:Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman
2874:
2859:
2664:
2652:
2628:
2616:
2592:
2580:
2559:
2547:
2535:
2511:
2375:
2348:
2336:
2285:
2273:
2237:
2128:
2041:
2029:
2002:
1869:
1852:
1825:
1810:
1798:
1779:
1762:
1745:
1468:
1437:
1380:
4657:Androgynous and hermaphroditic deities
3653:(in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
2499:
2411:
2387:
2195:
2183:
2104:
1837:
1596:
1531:
29:
3116:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2925:
2727:
2312:
2300:
2017:
1608:
1516:
1449:
7:
3614:"The Song of the Sea (SA A-AB-BA SIR
2249:
516:), Šauška did not have a pronounced
438:attested on tablets from that site.
1073:the worship of Šauška persisted in
618:figurines of Šauška are known from
493:mentions her under the name INANNA
318:one logographic spelling was U. In
4662:Intersex in religion and mythology
3853:Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (2004).
830:An association between Šauška and
661:The naked goddess depicted on the
25:
3807:Trémouille, Marie-Claude (2013),
3790:"Šauška, Šawuška A. Philologisch"
3788:Trémouille, Marie-Claude (2011),
3506:In context: the Reade Festschrift
3110:"The Hurro-Hittite Kumarbi Cycle"
2081:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1696:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
39:Goddess of love, war, and healing
3918:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998),
3900:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1997),
3581:Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2012).
3401:Frantz-Szabó, Gabrielle (2008),
3382:Frantz-Szabó, Gabrielle (1998),
3363:Frantz-Szabó, Gabrielle (1983),
1018:, was also associated with her.
3462:. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press.
3141:"Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered"
697:. Her status was lower only in
441:Daniel Schwemer argues that NIN
27:Hurrian goddess of love and war
3485:Kammenhuber, Annelies (1972),
1368:is known from 8th century BCE
1252:composition about the goddess
1:
3108:Bachvarova, Mary R. (2013a).
1034:state controlled, from Upper
4009:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3990:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3971:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3924:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3906:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3813:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3794:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3585:. In Bonnet, Corinne (ed.).
3491:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3445:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3426:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3407:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3388:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3369:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3202:(1). PERSEE Program: 25–39.
3145:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
3077:Bachvarova, Mary R. (2013).
3044:Ayali-Darshan, Noga (2015).
1224:
995:. She was also venerated in
737:
735:, but she could also head a
719:
59:(Boǧazkale) depicting Šauška
3715:. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press.
3624:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
3589:. Caltanissetta: Sciascia.
3338:Ugarit-Forschungen. Band 45
3332:Dijkstra, Meindert (2014).
3307:Ugarit-Forschungen. Band 43
3301:Dijkstra, Meindert (2012).
3085:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press.
3029:. Academic Press Fribourg.
2962:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press.
1190:, known largely from their
213:and Ulamme in northeastern
51:Engraving of a relief from
4683:
3694:10.1163/156921208786182428
3439:Herbordt, Suzanne (2011),
3340:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
3309:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
1299:Assyrian Ishtar of Nineveh
1054:(Allani) from Zimudar and
886:dated to the 46th year of
834:is also attested. In some
586:, a mythical winged lion.
449:) from the inscription of
379:, could be referred to as
4652:LGBTQ themes in mythology
4564:Related systems of belief
4003:Wilhelm, Gernot (2014a),
3676:Schwemer, Daniel (2008).
3647:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
3618:). Thoughts on KUB 45.63"
3556:Ritual and cult at Ugarit
3523:Miller, Jared L. (2008).
3441:"Šauška B. Archäologisch"
3247:10.1515/9781575065434-006
3062:10.1163/15692124-12341268
2995:10.1163/9789004418080_002
44:
37:
4387:Deified natural features
3984:Wilhelm, Gernot (2014),
3965:Wilhelm, Gernot (1997),
3936:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989).
3612:Rutherford, Ian (2001).
2989:. BRILL. pp. 1–34.
1222:She also appears in the
681:Teshub and Hebat on the
673:Position in the pantheon
500:Unlike the Mesopotamian
408:Joan Goodnick Westenholz
349:, "lady," equivalent of
310:. Early Hurrian king of
4637:Love and lust goddesses
4083:List of Hurrian deities
3769:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
3554:Pardee, Dennis (2002).
3531:. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
3458:Hoffner, Harry (1998).
3208:10.3406/ktema.1999.2206
2954:Archi, Alfonso (2013).
481:, "she of Nineveh," or
129:Mesopotamian equivalent
4627:Mesopotamian goddesses
3420:Haas, Volkert (1998),
3365:"Kulitta, Ninatta und"
3233:Beckman, Gary (2003).
3139:Beckman, Gary (1998).
1022:Mesopotamian reception
989:
953:
686:
639:
571:
524:was instead played by
402:Uncertain attestations
271:The name Šauška has a
4586:Mesopotamian religion
4427:Other mythical beings
3826:Wegner, Ilse (1980).
2477:Pongratz-Leisten 2012
2400:Pongratz-Leisten 2012
2262:Pongratz-Leisten 2012
1672:Pongratz-Leisten 2012
1154:or the "storm god of
1071:Old Babylonian period
951:
925:, "lady"), and IŠTAR
850:Attested equivalences
680:
637:
566:
427:as one and the same.
252:and the mountain god
4221:Goddess of the Night
4126:Hutena and Hutellura
3738:Smith, Mark (2014).
3235:"Gilgamesh in Ḫatti"
2987:The Third Millennium
1125:Goddess of the Night
937:was associated with
840:Hutena and Hutellura
510:Goddess of the Night
244:, the diorite giant
4307:Ninatta and Kulitta
4061:General information
3056:(1). Brill: 20–51.
2913:, pp. 100–101.
2718:, pp. 602–603.
2538:, pp. 106–107.
2426:, pp. 108–110.
1964:, pp. 105–106.
1091:from the period of
1003:, "of the steppe".
958:Amarna letter EA 19
542:Ninatta and Kulitta
283:("he of Kumar") or
261:Ninatta and Kulitta
140:Ugaritic equivalent
3967:"Mušun(n)i, Mušni"
3688:(1). Brill: 1–44.
2680:Ayali-Darshan 2015
954:
687:
640:
630:Uncertain examples
572:
287:("she of Nawar").
150:Hittite equivalent
4599:
4598:
4591:Ugaritic religion
4498:Religious centers
4457:
4456:
4422:
4421:
4382:
4381:
4335:
4334:
4189:
4188:
4054:Hurrian mythology
3949:978-0-85668-442-5
3753:978-3-7278-1748-9
3660:978-3-447-04456-1
3596:978-88-8241-388-0
3565:978-90-04-12657-2
3538:978-1-84217-270-4
3515:978-1-78969-608-0
3347:978-3-86835-086-9
3316:978-3-86835-086-9
3285:978-3-7278-1748-9
3123:978-0-19-064481-9
3092:978-1-937040-11-6
3036:978-3-7278-1738-0
2969:978-1-937040-11-6
2796:, pp. 67–68.
2631:, pp. 60–61.
2524:Frantz-Szabó 2008
2315:, pp. 76–77.
2186:, pp. 50–51.
2172:Frantz-Szabó 1998
2160:Frantz-Szabó 1983
2117:Frantz-Szabó 1983
2032:, pp. 94–95.
1674:, pp. 90–91.
1638:, pp. 14–15.
1283:Epic of Gilgamesh
1106:Hittite reception
589:On a relief from
160:
159:
65:Major cult center
16:(Redirected from
4674:
4642:Health goddesses
4622:Ugaritic deities
4576:Hittite religion
4571:Eblaite religion
4434:Earth and Heaven
4384:
4341:Primeval deities
4337:
4297:
4191:
4101:
4078:Hurrian religion
4073:Hurrian language
4047:
4040:
4033:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4016:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3961:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3849:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3784:
3773:. Harrassowitz.
3765:
3734:
3705:
3672:
3643:
3608:
3577:
3550:
3519:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3481:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3359:
3328:
3297:
3268:
3229:
3219:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3135:
3104:
3073:
3040:
3028:
3016:
2981:
2941:
2938:Bloch-Smith 2014
2935:
2929:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2863:
2857:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2758:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2226:
2223:Kammenhuber 1972
2220:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2069:Bachvarova 2013a
2066:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1930:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1890:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1783:
1777:
1766:
1760:
1749:
1743:
1730:
1724:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1562:
1556:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1472:
1466:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1418:
1412:
1339:Ishtar of Arbela
1227:
1182:Cycle of Kumarbi
1112:Bogazköy Archive
740:
722:
436:theophoric names
345:, understood as
292:Bogazköy Archive
179:Hurrian pantheon
49:
30:
21:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4617:Hittite deities
4612:Hurrian deities
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4581:Luwian religion
4559:
4493:
4453:
4418:
4409:Namni and Ḫazzi
4378:
4331:
4300:Servant deities
4295:
4185:
4092:
4056:
4051:
4021:
4014:
4012:
4002:
3995:
3993:
3983:
3976:
3974:
3964:
3950:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3917:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3891:
3889:
3871:10.2307/4200552
3852:
3838:
3825:
3818:
3816:
3806:
3799:
3797:
3787:
3781:
3768:
3754:
3737:
3723:
3708:
3675:
3661:
3646:
3632:
3617:
3611:
3597:
3580:
3566:
3553:
3539:
3522:
3516:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3484:
3470:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3438:
3431:
3429:
3419:
3412:
3410:
3400:
3393:
3391:
3381:
3374:
3372:
3362:
3348:
3331:
3317:
3300:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3232:
3193:
3185:
3183:
3157:10.2307/1360026
3138:
3124:
3107:
3093:
3076:
3043:
3037:
3026:
3019:
3005:
2984:
2970:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2917:
2911:Trémouille 2011
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2866:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2746:
2740:Rutherford 2001
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2716:Rutherford 2001
2714:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2692:Rutherford 2001
2690:
2686:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2514:, pp. 3–4.
2510:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2453:Trémouille 2013
2451:
2447:
2439:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2367:
2361:Westenholz 2004
2359:
2355:
2351:, pp. 1–2.
2347:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2325:Bachvarova 2013
2323:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2147:
2141:Bachvarova 2013
2139:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1992:
1986:Wiggermann 1998
1984:
1980:
1974:Wiggermann 1998
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1933:
1925:
1914:
1906:
1893:
1887:Wiggermann 1997
1885:
1876:
1868:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1786:
1778:
1769:
1761:
1752:
1744:
1733:
1727:Trémouille 2011
1725:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1660:Westenholz 2004
1658:
1654:
1648:Westenholz 2004
1646:
1642:
1636:Westenholz 2004
1634:
1630:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1584:
1576:
1565:
1559:Trémouille 2011
1557:
1538:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1490:Trémouille 2011
1488:
1475:
1467:
1456:
1452:, pp. 6–7.
1448:
1444:
1436:
1421:
1415:Trémouille 2011
1413:
1382:
1378:
1365:
1331:Ashurnasirpal I
1301:
1296:
1294:Later relevance
1289:
1271:Song of Hašarri
1238:
1184:
1179:
1108:
1024:
988:
985:
983:
981:
892:Sargonic period
880:
852:
812:, shining, and
798:
751:
675:
663:bowl of Hasanlu
632:
561:
534:
515:
460:
404:
334:
307:
300:Song of Hašarri
297:
269:
169:), also called
105:
60:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4680:
4678:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4604:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4312:Šeri and Ḫurri
4309:
4303:
4301:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4027:
4020:
4019:
4005:"Undurumma(n)"
4000:
3981:
3962:
3948:
3933:
3915:
3897:
3850:
3836:
3823:
3804:
3785:
3780:978-3447058858
3779:
3766:
3752:
3735:
3721:
3706:
3673:
3659:
3644:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3595:
3578:
3564:
3551:
3537:
3520:
3514:
3501:
3487:"Ḫešui, Ḫišue"
3482:
3468:
3455:
3436:
3417:
3398:
3379:
3360:
3346:
3329:
3315:
3298:
3284:
3269:
3263:
3230:
3191:
3136:
3122:
3105:
3091:
3074:
3041:
3035:
3017:
3003:
2982:
2968:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2940:, p. 183.
2930:
2915:
2903:
2901:, p. 460.
2891:
2889:, p. 109.
2887:MacGinnis 2020
2879:
2864:
2849:
2837:
2822:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2759:
2744:
2742:, p. 602.
2732:
2720:
2708:
2696:
2694:, p. 603.
2684:
2669:
2657:
2645:
2633:
2621:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2526:, p. 106.
2516:
2504:
2492:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2455:, p. 374.
2445:
2443:, p. 106.
2428:
2416:
2404:
2402:, p. 101.
2392:
2390:, p. 186.
2380:
2378:, p. 305.
2365:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2240:, p. 498.
2227:
2225:, p. 370.
2215:
2213:, p. 335.
2200:
2188:
2176:
2174:, p. 141.
2164:
2162:, p. 304.
2145:
2133:
2131:, p. 123.
2121:
2119:, p. 303.
2109:
2097:
2085:
2083:, p. 230.
2073:
2071:, p. 156.
2061:
2046:
2044:, p. 121.
2034:
2022:
2007:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1952:, p. 105.
1931:
1929:, p. 103.
1912:
1910:, p. 104.
1891:
1889:, p. 237.
1874:
1857:
1842:
1840:, p. 165.
1830:
1815:
1813:, p. 118.
1803:
1784:
1767:
1750:
1731:
1729:, p. 101.
1700:
1688:
1686:, p. 445.
1676:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1613:
1601:
1582:
1580:, p. 105.
1563:
1536:
1534:, p. 188.
1521:
1506:
1494:
1492:, p. 100.
1473:
1454:
1442:
1419:
1417:, p. 102.
1379:
1377:
1374:
1364:
1361:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1237:
1234:
1230:Song of Silver
1194:translations.
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1142:, who married
1107:
1104:
1023:
1020:
974:
896:kings of Akkad
879:
876:
851:
848:
797:
794:
750:
747:
674:
671:
631:
628:
576:cylinder seals
560:
559:In visual arts
557:
547:Hittitologist
533:
530:
513:
459:
456:
412:Shamshi-Adad I
403:
400:
388:Ugaritic texts
332:
305:
295:
268:
265:
248:, the sea god
158:
157:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
130:
126:
125:
121:
120:
111:
107:
106:
104:
103:
99:alternatively
97:
87:
85:
81:
80:
76:
75:
66:
62:
61:
50:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4679:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:War goddesses
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4088:Hurrian songs
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4043:
4041:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3837:3-7666-9106-6
3833:
3829:
3824:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3722:1-883053-68-4
3718:
3714:
3713:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3631:3-447-04485-3
3627:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3469:0-7885-0488-6
3465:
3461:
3460:Hittite myths
3456:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3264:9781575065434
3260:
3256:
3255:2027.42/77471
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3217:2027.42/77419
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3004:9789004418080
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2928:, p. 77.
2927:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2899:Schwemer 2001
2895:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2862:, p. 52.
2861:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2847:, p. 94.
2846:
2845:Dijkstra 2014
2841:
2838:
2835:, p. 93.
2834:
2833:Dijkstra 2014
2829:
2827:
2823:
2820:, p. 75.
2819:
2818:Dijkstra 2014
2814:
2811:
2808:, p. 76.
2807:
2806:Dijkstra 2014
2802:
2799:
2795:
2794:Dijkstra 2014
2790:
2787:
2784:, p. 69.
2783:
2782:Dijkstra 2014
2778:
2775:
2772:, p. 65.
2771:
2770:Dijkstra 2014
2766:
2764:
2760:
2757:, p. 67.
2756:
2755:Dijkstra 2014
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2730:, p. 14.
2729:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2706:, p. 69.
2705:
2704:Dijkstra 2012
2700:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2682:, p. 30.
2681:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2667:, p. 49.
2666:
2661:
2658:
2655:, p. 46.
2654:
2649:
2646:
2643:, p. 59.
2642:
2641:Dijkstra 2012
2637:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2619:, p. 56.
2618:
2613:
2610:
2607:, p. 79.
2606:
2605:Dijkstra 2012
2601:
2598:
2595:, p. 52.
2594:
2589:
2586:
2583:, p. 51.
2582:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2562:, p. 40.
2561:
2556:
2553:
2550:, p. 41.
2549:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2502:, p. 69.
2501:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2479:, p. 91.
2478:
2473:
2470:
2467:, p. 94.
2466:
2465:Sharlach 2002
2461:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2441:Sharlach 2002
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:Sharlach 2002
2420:
2417:
2414:, p. 93.
2413:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2363:, p. 10.
2362:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2327:, p. 25.
2326:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2303:, p. 54.
2302:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2264:, p. 96.
2263:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:Wilhelm 2014a
2207:
2205:
2201:
2198:, p. 50.
2197:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:, p. 27.
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2107:, p. 76.
2106:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:Schwemer 2008
2089:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2057:Schwemer 2008
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2020:, p. 20.
2019:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2005:, p. 51.
2004:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:, p. 52.
1987:
1982:
1979:
1976:, p. 51.
1975:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:Herbordt 2011
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:Herbordt 2011
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:Herbordt 2011
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:Herbordt 2011
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1872:, p. 52.
1871:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1855:, p. 95.
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1828:, p. 25.
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1698:, p. 71.
1697:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:Schwemer 2001
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1662:, p. 14.
1661:
1656:
1653:
1650:, p. 16.
1649:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1626:, p. 99.
1625:
1624:Sharlach 2002
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1599:, p. 27.
1598:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:Sharlach 2002
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:, p. 99.
1560:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1504:, p. 68.
1503:
1502:Dijkstra 2014
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1225:Song of LAMMA
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Hattusili III
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Ur III period
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:Hurrian songs
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
979:
972:
970:
969:Amenophis III
967:
963:
960:, written by
959:
950:
946:
944:
943:Taza Khurmatu
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:Puzrish-Dagan
877:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
849:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:and his wife
784:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
748:
746:
744:
739:
734:
730:
726:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
684:
679:
672:
670:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
648:
646:
636:
629:
627:
625:
622:and possibly
621:
617:
613:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
587:
585:
579:
577:
570:
565:
558:
556:
555:and Pinikir.
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
457:
455:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
417:
413:
409:
406:According to
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
301:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:Hurrian myths
230:
228:
224:
220:
219:Ur III period
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
156:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
102:
98:
96:
92:
89:
88:
86:
82:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
4165:
4013:, retrieved
4008:
3994:, retrieved
3989:
3975:, retrieved
3970:
3939:The Hurrians
3938:
3927:, retrieved
3923:
3909:, retrieved
3905:
3890:. Retrieved
3862:
3858:
3827:
3817:, retrieved
3812:
3798:, retrieved
3793:
3770:
3743:
3711:
3685:
3681:
3649:
3621:
3586:
3555:
3528:
3505:
3495:, retrieved
3490:
3459:
3449:, retrieved
3444:
3430:, retrieved
3425:
3411:, retrieved
3406:
3392:, retrieved
3387:
3384:"Namrazunna"
3373:, retrieved
3368:
3337:
3306:
3274:
3238:
3199:
3195:
3184:. Retrieved
3148:
3144:
3113:
3082:
3053:
3049:
3022:
2986:
2959:
2947:Bibliography
2933:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2877:, p. 8.
2875:Beckman 1998
2860:Beckman 2003
2840:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2735:
2723:
2711:
2699:
2687:
2665:Hoffner 1998
2660:
2653:Hoffner 1998
2648:
2636:
2629:Hoffner 1998
2624:
2617:Hoffner 1998
2612:
2600:
2593:Hoffner 1998
2588:
2581:Hoffner 1998
2560:Hoffner 1998
2555:
2548:Hoffner 1998
2543:
2536:Taracha 2009
2531:
2519:
2512:Beckman 1998
2507:
2495:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2448:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2383:
2376:Wilhelm 2014
2356:
2349:Beckman 1998
2344:
2339:, p. 1.
2337:Beckman 1998
2332:
2320:
2308:
2288:, p. 8.
2286:Wilhelm 1989
2281:
2276:, p. 7.
2274:Wilhelm 1989
2269:
2257:
2252:, p. 1.
2245:
2238:Wilhelm 1997
2218:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2136:
2129:Taracha 2009
2124:
2112:
2100:
2095:, p. 6.
2088:
2076:
2064:
2059:, p. 5.
2042:Taracha 2009
2037:
2030:Taracha 2009
2025:
2003:Wilhelm 1989
1981:
1969:
1957:
1870:Wilhelm 1989
1853:Taracha 2009
1833:
1826:Beckman 1999
1811:Taracha 2009
1806:
1801:, p. 7.
1799:Beckman 1998
1782:, p. 4.
1780:Beckman 1998
1765:, p. 5.
1763:Beckman 1998
1748:, p. 6.
1746:Beckman 1998
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1631:
1611:, p. 6.
1604:
1519:, p. 8.
1497:
1471:, p. 3.
1469:Beckman 1998
1445:
1440:, p. 2.
1438:Beckman 1998
1366:
1355:
1351:Ku-li-it-tum
1350:
1346:
1345:sources are
1343:neo-Assyrian
1328:
1302:
1281:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1242:lapis lazuli
1239:
1229:
1221:
1210:
1198:
1196:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1148:Tudḫaliya IV
1137:
1109:
1097:
1078:
1068:
1042:triangle to
1025:
1015:
1012:zinzabuššiya
1011:
1010:whose name,
1005:
1000:
990:
975:
955:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
907:Akkupaweniwe
906:
902:
900:
881:
872:Volkert Haas
853:
835:
829:
818:
813:
809:
799:
791:
759:
752:
688:
660:
649:
641:
616:Lapis lazuli
614:
599:
588:
583:
580:
573:
549:Gary Beckman
546:
535:
512:," DINGIR.GE
499:
494:
486:
482:
478:
472:
467:
463:
461:
442:
440:
429:
405:
395:
391:
385:
380:
365:allai Ninuwa
364:
360:
353:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
323:
303:
299:
289:
270:
258:
231:
182:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:
4479:Gurparanzaḫ
4011:(in German)
3992:(in German)
3973:(in German)
3815:(in French)
3796:(in French)
3493:(in German)
3447:(in German)
3428:(in German)
3409:(in German)
3390:(in German)
3371:(in German)
2500:Miller 2008
2412:Pardee 2002
2388:Wegner 1980
2196:Wegner 1980
2184:Wegner 1980
2105:Wegner 1980
1838:Wegner 1980
1597:Wegner 1980
1532:Wegner 1980
1335:androgynous
1236:Other myths
1121:Lawazantiya
1083:known from
1006:A genre of
487:ni-nu-a-kam
464:taršikantaš
447:Belet Nagar
367:, "lady of
215:Mesopotamia
124:Equivalents
4606:Categories
4414:Pišaišapḫi
4261:Pentikalli
4211:Ayu-Ikalti
4015:2022-03-23
3996:2022-03-23
3977:2022-03-21
3929:2022-03-24
3911:2022-03-21
3892:2022-03-11
3819:2022-03-25
3800:2022-03-21
3497:2022-03-22
3451:2022-03-24
3432:2022-03-24
3413:2022-03-24
3394:2022-03-23
3375:2022-03-23
3356:1101929531
3325:1101929531
3186:2021-07-28
2926:Smith 2014
2728:Archi 2013
2313:Smith 2014
2301:Smith 2014
2018:Archi 2020
1609:Archi 2013
1517:Archi 2013
1450:Archi 2013
1376:References
1265:Pišaišapḫi
1258:Baal Cycle
1171:kirištenna
1133:Zippalanda
1117:hypostases
1095:'s reign.
1001:awar(r)iwe
931:bēlat dūri
927:bēlat dūri
919:Allaiwašwe
699:Kizzuwatna
683:Yazılıkaya
620:Carchemish
591:Yazılıkaya
569:Yazılıkaya
538:Yazılıkaya
343:al-la-e-en
339:Ša-ú-úš–an
324:Ša-uš-ka-a
254:Pišaišapḫi
197:, through
195:Kizzuwatna
53:Yazılıkaya
4647:Androgyny
4474:Gilgamesh
4449:Ullikummi
3879:0021-0889
3762:881612038
3702:1569-2116
3605:850438175
3574:558437302
3547:880878828
3422:"Nabarbi"
3294:881612038
3226:0221-5896
3181:163362140
3165:0022-0256
3132:967417697
3101:882106763
3070:1569-2116
3013:213456127
2978:882106763
2250:Haas 1998
1357:Sargon II
1347:Ni-ni-tum
1316:Sargonids
1260:as well.
1217:Ullikummi
1093:Zimri-Lim
1080:An = Anum
1036:Euphrates
962:Tushratta
911:Tupukilḫe
842:, Ea and
825:Immanzizi
774:Tashmishu
695:Tushratta
553:Ninsianna
458:Character
451:Tish-atal
246:Ullikummi
153:possibly
79:Genealogy
4535:Kummanni
4444:Upelluri
4068:Hurrians
3986:"Ulamme"
3958:21036268
3809:"Šuwala"
3731:48399212
3669:48145544
3640:49721937
3478:39455874
1304:Iron Age
1250:Egyptian
1199:Song of
1167:theonyms
1144:Puduhepa
1060:Mardaman
993:Ugaritic
917:, IŠTAR
913:, IŠTAR
909:, IŠTAR
905:, IŠTAR
606:Ain Dara
483:Ninuvaḫi
479:Ninuwawi
358:Akkadian
351:Sumerian
167:Shaushka
110:Siblings
18:Shaushka
4667:Nineveh
4540:Nineveh
4520:Hattusa
4510:Arrapha
4489:Šarrēna
4439:Ḫedammu
4394:Aranzaḫ
4322:Tašmišu
4271:Samnuha
4266:Pinikir
4246:Lelluri
4236:Karḫuḫi
4231:Iršappa
4206:Allanzu
4161:Šarruma
4156:Nupatik
4146:Nabarbi
4136:Kumarbi
4097:Deities
3887:4200552
3846:7807272
3173:1360026
1308:Assyria
1254:Astarte
1201:Ḫedammu
1197:In the
1192:Hittite
1188:Kumarbi
1069:In the
1056:Shuwala
1052:Allatum
1016:zinzabu
997:Alalakh
966:pharaoh
935:Ḫumella
915:Putaḫḫe
903:Ḫumella
878:Worship
864:Ashtart
860:Subartu
844:Damkina
836:itkalzi
832:Nabarbi
802:Hattusa
766:Kumarbi
733:Shuwala
691:Arrapha
685:reliefs
669:cycle.
667:Kumarbi
645:bullmen
624:Alalakh
602:Malatya
526:Pinikir
495:ni-nu-a
475:Nineveh
443:-na-gar
425:Arrapha
421:Babylon
377:Pinikir
369:Nineveh
320:Mitanni
285:Nabarbi
281:Kumarbi
273:Hurrian
242:Ḫedammu
227:Hittite
199:Alalakh
191:Nineveh
187:Hurrian
175:Šawuška
144:Ashtart
135:/Ishtar
118:Tašmišu
95:Kumarbi
84:Parents
69:Nineveh
57:Hattusa
4555:Urkesh
4550:Ugarit
4505:Aleppo
4462:Heroes
4404:Manuzi
4374:Eltara
4369:Ninlil
4317:Takitu
4281:Šuwala
4256:Nikkal
4251:Maliya
4241:Kubaba
4216:Aštabi
4201:Adamma
4176:Teššub
4171:Šimige
4166:Šauška
4151:Nergal
4131:Išḫara
4111:Allani
3956:
3946:
3885:
3877:
3844:
3834:
3777:
3760:
3750:
3729:
3719:
3700:
3667:
3657:
3638:
3628:
3603:
3593:
3572:
3562:
3545:
3535:
3512:
3476:
3466:
3354:
3344:
3323:
3313:
3292:
3282:
3261:
3224:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3130:
3120:
3099:
3089:
3068:
3033:
3011:
3001:
2976:
2966:
1320:Ninlil
1312:Arbela
1213:Šimige
1100:Lagash
1048:Diyala
1044:Kirkuk
1040:Khabur
939:Nergal
888:Shulgi
868:Anzili
856:Ishtar
821:sukkal
806:Ugarit
787:Ningal
770:sukkal
755:Tigris
749:Family
743:Nikkal
738:kaluti
720:kaluti
715:Ugarit
711:Išḫara
707:Allani
610:Aleppo
595:Yekbas
518:astral
506:Samuha
502:Ishtar
466:MUNUS-
432:Kanesh
312:Urkesh
308:-us-ga
277:Allani
238:Teshub
223:Ishtar
203:Ugarit
163:Šauška
155:Anzili
133:Inanna
114:Teshub
33:Šauška
4545:Taite
4530:Kumme
4525:Kahat
4484:Kešši
4399:Kiaše
4364:Enlil
4349:Alalu
4291:Uršui
4276:Šalaš
4226:Ḫešui
4194:Minor
4181:Tilla
4141:Kušuḫ
4121:Ḫepat
4104:Major
3883:JSTOR
3177:S2CID
3169:JSTOR
3027:(PDF)
3009:S2CID
1370:Sidon
1324:Ashur
1246:IŠTAR
1206:Kiaše
1177:Myths
1156:Assur
1152:Milku
1129:Nerik
1058:from
982:(...)
978:Egypt
923:allai
814:Zunna
810:namru
796:Court
783:Nanna
779:Kušuḫ
703:Hebat
656:Shala
584:awiti
522:Venus
416:Assur
381:allai
373:Hebat
361:bēltu
354:gašan
347:allai
304:Ša-wu
250:Kiaše
209:, to
207:Syria
183:allai
171:Šauša
101:Kušuḫ
55:near
4515:Ebla
4469:Appu
4359:Antu
4327:Tenu
4286:Ugur
3954:OCLC
3944:ISBN
3875:ISSN
3859:Iraq
3842:OCLC
3832:ISBN
3775:ISBN
3758:OCLC
3748:ISBN
3727:OCLC
3717:ISBN
3698:ISSN
3665:OCLC
3655:ISBN
3636:OCLC
3626:ISBN
3601:OCLC
3591:ISBN
3570:OCLC
3560:ISBN
3543:OCLC
3533:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3474:OCLC
3464:ISBN
3352:OCLC
3342:ISBN
3321:OCLC
3311:ISBN
3290:OCLC
3280:ISBN
3259:ISBN
3222:ISSN
3161:ISSN
3128:OCLC
3118:ISBN
3097:OCLC
3087:ISBN
3066:ISSN
3031:ISBN
2999:ISBN
2974:OCLC
2964:ISBN
1349:and
1162:) .
1160:Adad
1131:and
1089:Mari
1085:Uruk
1075:Isin
1064:Umma
1046:and
1038:and
804:and
764:and
731:and
709:and
654:and
652:Adad
608:and
491:Uruk
396:šušk
394:and
392:šwšk
356:and
331:Ša-u
316:Nuzi
267:Name
211:Nuzi
201:and
116:and
93:and
73:Nuzi
4354:Anu
3867:doi
3690:doi
3251:hdl
3243:doi
3212:hdl
3204:doi
3153:doi
3058:doi
2991:doi
1158:" (
762:Anu
729:Aya
375:or
335:-ša
232:In
205:in
173:or
91:Anu
4608::
4116:Ea
4007:,
3988:,
3969:,
3952:.
3922:,
3904:,
3881:.
3873:.
3863:66
3861:.
3857:.
3840:.
3811:,
3792:,
3756:.
3742:.
3725:.
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