460:(CPS) camps worked as smokejumpers during World War II. An initial group of 15 men began training in parachute rigging in May 1943 at Seeley Lake, and a total of 33 completed jump training in the middle of June, followed by two weeks of training in fire ground control and first aid. About 500 training jumps were made by the first 70 CPS smokejumpers in 1943, who went on to fight 31 fires that first season. Their number increased to 110 in 1944, and to 220 in 1945, as more equipment became available from the War Department. Twenty-nine jumpers battled the remote Bell Lake fire in September 1944, among 70 fires suppressed that year, and 179 were fought in the Missoula Region alone by September 1945, with other jumpers assigned to McCall and Cave Junction. The last CPS smokejumper left the service in January 1946.
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230:. This allows firefighters to access remote fires in their early stages without needing to hike long distances carrying equipment and supplies. Traditional terrestrial crews can use only what they can carry and often require hours and days to reach fire on foot. The benefits of smokejumping include the speed at which firefighters can reach a burn site, the broad range of fires a single crew can reach by aircraft, and the larger equipment payloads that can be delivered to a fire compared to pedestrian crews.
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tangled in trees, and is designed to help firefighters to float should they land in a body of water. These standard design features for
Canadian parattack crews run a cost of roughly $ 12,000 per crew member. However, there is the opportunity for jumpers to edit, alter, and ultimately add to their collection of gear. Many Canadian jumpers are known to use motocross gear or hockey pads in order to help soften the blows associated with landing a parachute in deeply forested territory.
927:(NIFC) states injuries occur once for every 909 jumps - a rate of 0.11%. Smokejumper personnel take deliberate precautions before deciding whether to jump a particular fire. Multiple factors are analyzed, and then a decision is made as to whether jumping the fire is safe. Bases tend to look for highly motivated individuals who are in superior shape and have the ability to think independently and react to changing environments rapidly. Many smokejumpers have previous experience as
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to the jump. They assess fires from the air, determine the approximate landing site, and use paper streamers - dropped from the plane hatch - to measure wind speed. Jumpers-in-command are the initial jumpers. In a pair, they reach land first and report via radio the conditions of the landing site and authorize the secondary jump for remaining smokejumpers.
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920:, an American smokejumper in 2020 had a 99.75% chance of landing free of injury. This is attributed to the rigorous registry of injuries in the past 28 years, when these databases were created. By documenting the rate, severity, and cause of each incident, the USFS has been able to eliminate hazards and create better training.
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burns itself out. If necessary, crews will supervise the fire overnight, and churn the ash in the morning to effectively put out any remaining embers. Once the fires are deemed thoroughly extinguished, smokejumpers retrieve the equipment and hike to the nearest clearing to be collected by helicopter.
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In addition to performing the initial attack on wildfires, they may also provide leadership for extended attacks on wildland fires. Shortly after smokejumpers touch ground, they are supplied by parachute with food, water, and firefighting tools, making them self-sufficient for 48 hours. Smokejumpers
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In order to execute a single jump, the number of smokejumpers involved may vary from fire to fire and from country to country. However, in each case teams require multiple jumpers, two spotters, jumpers-in-command, and two pilots'. Spotters are specialized smokejumpers who take make decisions prior
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and terrestrial crews to extinguish fires. Primarily, firefighters use axes to dig trenches around the fire's perimeter to isolate the flames from further fuel sources - nearby trees and shrubs. By tilling the newly exposed soil, the firefighters limit available material for the fire and it slowly
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Prior to employment at a smokejumper in the United states, applicants are required to have one year of wildland firefighting experience as a minimum. It is said that competitive applicants range closer to three years of experience. Canadian recruitment errs towards a minimum of two years of prior
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the primary defences for half of Russia's wildland. Smokejumpers are located at 340 Avialsookhrana bases and dispatched in groups of differing sizes according to the situation at hand. Rappelling crews consist of a maximum of 20 firefighters, while parachuting teams are usually made up of five or
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that carried supplies and equipment to guard stations and fire locations. To work fires, the men, organized into squads of eight to fifteen, were stationed at six strategic points, also known as "spike camps": Seeley Lake, Big
Prairie, and Ninemile in Montana; Moose Creek and McCall in Idaho; and
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and serve similar functions to the aforementioned
Canadian suits. These suits are crafted by the smokejumpers themselves using sewing supplies housed at each base. With only 400 suits needed yearly, it is not feasible to have them manufactured offshore or en masse. Just as with Canadian jumpers,
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suit to protect against the intense heat of fires, as well as sharp objects that may pierce the skin. Helmets are adorned with mesh face shields to maintain visibility while protecting the smokejumpers from branches and embers. Gear is designed to allow jumpers to free themselves if they become
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Most smokejumpers of the era were not career professionals, but seasonal employees lured by the prospect of earning as much as $ 1,000 over a summer. They tended to be well-behaved, self-motivated, and responsible. Squad-sized and larger crews were supervised by foremen who were career wildland
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at Rock Pillar near Marten Creek in the Nez Perce
National Forest on July 12, 1940, out of Ninemile, followed shortly by a two-man fire jump out of Winthrop. In subsequent years, the Ninemile Camp operation moved to Missoula, where it became the Missoula Smokejumper Base. The Winthrop operation
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The
Smokejumper Parachute Landing Injury Database and eSafety are the two databases used to record and collect data regarding smokejumper injuries in the United States. Serious and minor injuries are logged in this database depending on the many factors. Serious injuries are categorized as:
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during the summer and fall of 1945, earning the nickname "Smoke
Jumpers". The 555th made a total of 1,200 jumps to 36 fires, 19 from Pendleton and 17 from Chico. Only one member, PFC Malvin L. Brown, was killed on August 6, 1945, after falling during a let-down from a tree in the
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Recently the United States have made advancements in paracargo technology that allows for supplies to be dropped with a high level of accuracy through low visibility settings such as night time and heavy smoke. This global positioning system (GPS) technology is called
403:(Airborne) and other western military units briefly began airborne training at the Missoula Smokejumper School. Although in years past, the army had conducted basic airborne training at various locations, it has since been consolidated at Fort Benning, (now called
832:) and enough water for all crew members for 48 hours. These are all dropped with bound in a separate parachute drop. Additionally, tree climbing gear must be included in equipment drops as is possible for jumpers to become tangled in trees upon descent.
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The
Smokejumper Project had become a permanent establishment of the USFS in 1944. In 1946, the Missoula Region had 164 smokejumpers, many of them recent military veterans, college students, or recent college graduates. New bases were opened in
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from aircraft into wildfires), and parattack crews (smokejumpers). The BC Wildfire
Service houses roughly 60 smokejumpers yearly and operates the only smokejumper crews in Canada. There are two crews located in the northeast of the province.
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follows a group of smokejumpers who must watch over three children who have been separated from their parents following an accident. The film stars John Cena, Keegan-Michael Key, John
Leguizamo, Brianna Hildebrand, Dennis Haysbert, and Judy
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gained fame as the only entirely black airborne unit in United States Army history. The 555th was allegedly not sent to combat because of segregation in the military during World War II. In May 1945, the unit was sent to the
614:. In 2020, across all the bases, 1,130 jumps were executed, with a total of 5211 days spent on initial attack. As of August 2021, nine smokejumper crews operate in the United States; seven by the USFS and two by the BLM.
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airplanes are common for
American crews as they possess rear ramps that are retractable as stated in a news article from 2023. However, in 2020 the main aircraft used by the USFS smokejumpers were SD3-60, B model,
546:. This agency represents the largest cohort of smokejumpers worldwide, employing up to 4,000 individuals who protect 2,000,000,000 acres (810,000,000 ha) of land across 11 different time zones. This makes the
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are: packout 110 lb (50 kg) for 3 mi (4.8 km) within 90 minutes; run 1.5 mi (2.4 km) in 11 or fewer minutes; 25 push-ups in 60 seconds; 45 sit-ups in 60 seconds; and seven pull-ups.
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Only these countries currently house smokejumpers: Russia, Canada, United States and Malaysia. These countries often coordinate exchange programs in which smokejumpers travel to aid in intense wildfire seasons.
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and trained in parachute insertion (static line and freefall), helicopter-borne operation and jungle survival. The formation of elite Smoke Jumper began in 2000 after JBPM sent five firefighters to enter the
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is loosely based on Don Mackey's life. Mackey was a smokejumper and one of the 14 fatalities of the 1994 South Canyon fire. In the movie, he pursues job-related accolades while his marriage disintegrates.
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remained at its original location, as North Cascades Smokejumper Base. The "birthplace" of smokejumping continues to be debated between these two bases, the argument having persisted for about 70 years.
1376:"National Smokejumper Program 2020 Fire Season Summary" (PDF). U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. December 9, 2020. Retrieved March 6th 2024.
367:, over 60 mi (97 km) northeast of Missoula. The camp relocated to Camp Menard in July 1943. Here, when not fighting fires, the men spent much time putting up hay to feed the hundreds of
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A significant portion of initial attack jumps take multiple days to control. On account of this, the payload deposited by aircraft include survival gear such as dried fruit, canned soup and beef
500:. Thirteen firefighters died during the blowup, twelve of them smokejumpers. This disaster directly led to the establishment of modern safety standards used by all wildland firefighters. Author
994:, a disgraced pilot joins a group of smokejumpers as they attempt to save a town from a raging wildfire. This film is recognised for its inaccurate description of smokejumper practices.
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296:(Region 4), by Regional Forester T.V. Pearson. By 1939, the program began as an experiment in the Pacific Northwest Region (Region 6). The first official non-fire jump was made in the
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Smokejumpers: Pack Test: Req.; 3-Mile Packout Weight: Rec-110; 1.5-Mile Run time: Rec-11:00; 10 RM Leg Press: 2.5xBW; 10 RM Bench Press: 1.0xBW; Pullups: 7; Pushups: 25; Situps 45
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in the Northern Region (Region 1) in 1940 by John Furgurson and Lester Gohler. The McCall smokejumper program was established in 1943; their base is on the Idaho shores of
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Despite the seemingly dangerous nature of the job, fatalities from jumping are infrequent, the best-known fatalities in the United States being those that occurred at the
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432:, an operation named "Operation Firefly". Although this threat did not fully materialize, the 555th fought numerous other forest fires while there. Stationed at
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Americans use hockey gear, motocross pads, and ski helmets to round out their kit. Each jumper dons roughly 85 lb (39 kg) of gear for a single jump.
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The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) house 320 smokejumpers yearly, across nine bases in the western third of the country, in
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experiments had been conducted with air delivery of equipment and water bombs. Although this first experiment was not pursued, another began in 1939 in the
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A single crew of five to six smokejumpers in Canada will carry 6,000 ft (1,800 m) of hose, four heavy water pumps, four chainsaws, hand tools (
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1458:"Portal Rasmi Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat MalaysiaKursus Pengukuhan Payung Terjun JBPM Bersama Pasukan VAT 69 Dan PULPAK ( Pusat Latihan Peperangan Kh"
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Smokejumping crews prefer the use of fixed wing aircraft rather than helicopters as they typically carry more passengers and larger payloads. At the
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563:. Here, there are three classes of initial response firefighters; initial attack crews, rapattack crews (refers to firefighters who
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1571:(Action, Thriller), D. B. Sweeney, Diane Farr, Chad Donella, American Broadcasting Company (ABC), Epsilon TV Production, KirchMedia
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1548:(Action, Drama), Adam Baldwin, Lindsay Frost, Timothy Carhart, Patchett Kaufman Entertainment, World International Network (WIN)
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Prior to the full establishment of smokejumping, experiments with parachute insertion of firefighters were conducted in 1934 in
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1504:(2009 ed.). National Interagency Fire Center, Boise, I D.: National Wildfire Coordinating Group. p. 27.
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In Russia, smokejumpers are firefighters who parachute or rappel, or both, into fires. They work for the
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as the pioneer team Smoke Jumpers. The course was conducted by RMAF Special Operations Force,
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According to the 2020 National Smokejumper Program End of Year Summary published by the
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details the lives and loves of a group of smokejumpers at Missoula Smokejumper Base.
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camp (Camp Menard) a mile north of the Forest Service's Ninemile Remount Depot (
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Smokejumpers are employed by the Russian Federation, United States (namely the
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of the United States Army went on to become a major general and establish the
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1246:"These are the airborne firefighters that handle the most intense wildfires"
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The minimum required physical fitness standards for smokejumpers set by the
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453:. His death is the first recorded smokejumper fatality during a fire jump.
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1196:"Russian Smokejumpers, Wildfires, Article, Photos -- National Geographic"
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wildland firefighting experience, with a preferred six to seven years.
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US Forest Service - National Interagency Smokejumper Training Guide
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Special Operations Forces as they always train with RMAF PASKAU,
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Once arrived on site, smokejumpers utilize similar strategies to
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1482:"United States Forest Service Smokejumper National User Guide"
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Northern California – Region 5 Smokejumpers in
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The fire with the greatest toll of smokejumper deaths was the
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American jumpsuits are fashioned using a blend of Kevlar and
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planes are used to carry thirteen jumpers and two spotters.
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Redwood Ranger Station in southwestern Oregon at the edge of
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Smokejumper equipment on display, West Yellowstone, Montana.
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Brian J. Sharkey, Ph.D.; Steven E. Gaskill, Ph.D. "Ch. 6".
1168:"Washington State Smokejumpers Prepare for Wildfire Season"
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Northern Rockies – Missoula Smokejumpers in
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Civilian Public Service Smokejumpers Oral History Project
1594:, Entourage, Kevin Connolly, Adrian Grenier, Kevin Dillon
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are usually on duty from early spring through late fall.
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Smokejumpers are described in Philip Connor's 2011 book
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follows a team of fictitious Oregon-based smokejumpers.
355:. The first fire jumps were made by Rufus Robinson and
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In 1942, permanent jump operations were established at
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BBC Radio 4 - Book of the Week, Fire Season, Episode 1
1433:"Akademi Bomba Dan Penyelamat Malaysia - Smoke Jumper"
1723:
Smokejumpers and Smokejumping: Information and Photos
1290:"Initial attack crews - Province of British Columbia"
1105:(9): 44–47 – via Fire and Rescue International.
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Spotfire Images: Quality Smokejumper and Fire Photos
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Requiring hospitalization for greater than 48 hours,
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Great Basin – McCall Smokejumpers in
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firefighters and experts in all types of wildfires.
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662:Great Basin – Boise Smokejumpers in
621:Northwest – Redmond Smokejumpers in
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
848:The main body of a Canadian smokejumpers PPE is a
399:In May 1978, members of the Army National Guard's
147:deal primarily with the US and do not represent a
1718:CPS Unit Number 103-01, World War II Smokejumpers
754:Deep jungle/Isolated Area Firefighting Operations
222:who provide an initial attack response on remote
1647:"Firehawks Smokejumpers Trilogy by M.L. Buchman"
1388:"Pengalaman selamatkan mangsa terowong Selantik"
703:with support of helicopters from JBPM Air Wing.
384:After observing smokejumper training methods at
668:Alaska – Alaska Smokejumpers in
363:The first smokejumper training camp was at the
292:Smokejumping was first proposed in 1934 in the
226:. They are inserted at the site of the fire by
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1221:"History of Smokejumping | US Forest Service"
351:, about 30 mi (48 km) northwest of
145:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
2506:Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel
1745:Nick Sundt Smokejumpers Oral History Project
971:Smokejumpers are featured in the 1985 novel
559:In Canada, smokejumpers are employed by the
1740:US Forest Service list of smokejumper bases
1007:lands a lead role in an action film called
900:Bone fractures (excluding finger and toes),
797:base in British Columbia, Canada, modified
742:Course. Among the task of Smoke Jumper is:
738:until 2007 when JBPM established their own
658:Operated by the Bureau of Land Management:
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2338:International Association of Fire Fighters
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183:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
758:Smoke Jumper enjoys good relations with
199:Fully outfitted smokejumpers boarding a
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909:Burns covering more than 5% of the body
1700:National Smokejumper Association (USA)
1695:California Smokejumpers Official Site.
1413:"JBPM perkasa kemahiran melalui udara"
988:In the 2002 made-for-television movie
906:Severe nerve, muscle or tendon damage,
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1314:"Location | The Canadian Smokejumper"
1042:The 2019 American family comedy film
617:Operated by the U.S. Forest Service:
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2496:Modular Airborne FireFighting System
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959:National Wildfire Coordinating Group
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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836:Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
645:; West Yellowstone Smokejumpers in
504:described the incident in his book
2144:Self-contained breathing apparatus
1844:Firefighter assist and search team
966:In popular culture (chronological)
923:Jump injuries are infrequent. The
424:to combat forest fires ignited by
417:555th Parachute Infantry Battalion
339:, and Ninemile Camp, an abandoned
25:
3824:Firefighting in the United States
3021:Global Forest Information Service
1021:Author Nora Roberts's 2011 novel
625:; North Cascades Smokejumpers in
488:in 1949, which occurred north of
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1869:Fire department ranks by country
1753:(University of Montana Archives)
1747:(University of Montana Archives)
1070:National Smokejumper Association
925:National Interagency Fire Center
725:Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF)
540:Aerial Forest Protection Service
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2343:International Firefighters' Day
2303:Candidate Physical Ability Test
1033:Firehawks Smokejumpers Trilogy,
818:Joint Precision Air Drop System
574:Fort St. John, British Columbia
436:, Oregon, with a detachment in
422:West Coast of the United States
45:needs additional citations for
27:Skydiving wildland firefighters
1854:Special operations firefighter
1623:"Chasing Fire by Nora Roberts"
641:; Grangeville Smokejumpers in
1:
2393:Wildfire emergency management
1960:Hazardous materials apparatus
1011:in an episode airing in 2008.
912:Second and third degree burns
721:Basic Static Line Parachuting
1565:Quale, Steven (2002-04-20),
750:Medical Evacuation (Medevac)
572:North Peace Smokejumpers in
520:United States Forest Service
207:, en route to a fire in the
2368:World Police and Fire Games
2323:Fire protection engineering
1627:Penguin Random House Canada
1411:YUSOF, NOOR’AINON MOHAMED.
580:Mackenzie, British Columbia
514:Smokejumper crews worldwide
380:Relations with the military
341:Civilian Conservation Corps
159:, discuss the issue on the
3840:
3132:Growth and yield modelling
2616:Glossary of wildfire terms
2348:List of firefighting films
1796:Personnel and organization
1736:- Daily Telegraph obituary
1588:Mylod, Mark (2008-11-16),
1542:Lowry, Dick (1996-02-11),
1260:"The Canadian Smokejumper"
1035:published in 2014 and 2015
697:Bomba Special Air Services
365:Seeley Lake Ranger Station
3706:Earth sciences portal
3692:Climate change portal
3667:
3273:Great Green Wall (Africa)
2762:
2654:
2328:Geography of firefighting
1859:Volunteer fire department
1498:Fitness and Work Capacity
699:) is a command for elite
647:West Yellowstone, Montana
524:Bureau of Land Management
470:West Yellowstone, Montana
401:19th Special Forces Group
388:in June 1940, then-Major
298:Nez Perce National Forest
3278:Great Green Wall (China)
2851:Close to nature forestry
2646:Template:Fire protection
2363:World Firefighters Games
2257:Gaseous fire suppression
712:Unit Payung Terjun Bomba
695:omba (PASKUB) (English:
578:Omenica Smokejumpers in
456:Around 240 workers from
3312:Million Tree Initiative
2333:History of firefighting
1713:history (in PDF format)
997:In the television show
746:Combat Air Rescue Medic
670:Fort Wainwright, Alaska
458:Civilian Public Service
394:101st Airborne Division
304:. The base is near six
261:smokejumpers, based in
3734:Environment portal
3166:Sustainable management
3061:Trillion Tree Campaign
2471:Firefighting apparatus
2159:Thermal imaging camera
2139:Secure information box
1955:Firefighting apparatus
1288:Service, BC Wildfire.
845:
775:Royal Malaysian Police
728:Sempang Air Force Base
714:) is an elite unit of
711:
696:
494:Gates of the Mountains
447:Umpqua National Forest
266:
218:are specially trained
212:
3659:Wood process engineer
3363:Urban forest inequity
2516:Wildland water tender
2098:Hydraulic rescue tool
1864:Women in firefighting
843:
760:Malaysian Armed Force
257:
220:wildland firefighters
198:
3814:Wildfire suppression
3804:Forestry occupations
3322:Shifting cultivation
3263:Forest fragmentation
3233:Carbon sequestration
3103:Woodland Carbon Code
3068:Forest certification
2976:Even-aged management
2891:Sustainable forestry
2557:Wildland fire module
2511:Wildland fire engine
2398:Wildfire suppression
1935:Fire command vehicle
1930:Airport crash tender
1829:Retained firefighter
1060:Wildland fire module
977:Richard Martin Stern
903:Severe hemorrhaging,
706:Smoke Jumpers Unit (
627:Winthrop, Washington
337:Winthrop, Washington
294:Intermountain Region
165:create a new article
157:improve this article
54:improve this article
3819:Aerial firefighting
3127:Formally designated
2971:Ecological thinning
2881:Plantation forestry
2789:Research institutes
2416:Aerial firefighting
2272:Stop, drop and roll
2262:Multiple-alarm fire
2129:Portable water tank
2038:Fire proximity suit
633:Redding, California
561:BC Wildfire Service
426:incendiary balloons
279:aerial firefighting
3720:Ecology portal
3253:Forest degradation
3248:Ecosystem services
2856:Community forestry
2456:Fire retardant gel
2441:Fire lookout tower
2114:New York roof hook
1965:Light and air unit
1902:Fire lookout tower
1809:Chief fire officer
846:
805:CASA C-212 Aviocar
784:Equipment and gear
643:Grangeville, Idaho
507:Young Men and Fire
466:Grangeville, Idaho
267:
263:Deming, New Mexico
213:
3791:
3790:
3748:Plants portal
3534:green woodworking
2722:
2721:
2629:
2628:
2621:List of wildfires
2481:Helicopter bucket
2476:Firefighting foam
2078:Hard suction hose
2023:Fire extinguisher
2013:Fire brigade keys
1675:, 8 November 2019
1672:Playing with Fire
1651:www.goodreads.com
1437:fram.bomba.gov.my
1347:US Forest Service
1045:Playing with Fire
887:South Canyon Fire
824:Firefighting gear
639:Missoula, Montana
530:). and Malaysia.
442:Pacific Northwest
438:Chico, California
259:US Forest Service
205:Missoula, Montana
201:Short C-23 Sherpa
193:
192:
185:
167:, as appropriate.
130:
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3762:Trees portal
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3396:Forest gardening
3353:Timber recycling
3300:Invasive species
3188:Tree measurement
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2318:Fire photography
2100:("Jaws of life")
2058:Fireman's switch
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1591:Play'n with Fire
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1266:. Archived from
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953:Physical fitness
885:in 1949 and the
528:British Columbia
451:Roseburg, Oregon
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3288:Illegal logging
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2929:Controlled burn
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2886:Social forestry
2866:Energy forestry
2846:Bamboo forestry
2841:Analog forestry
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2237:Fireman's carry
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2063:Flame retardant
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1945:Fire motorcycle
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778:VAT 69 Commando
767:Grup Gerak Khas
740:Static Ramp Air
723:Course held at
678:
623:Redmond, Oregon
588:
557:
544:Avialesookhrana
536:
526:), Canada (in
516:
496:area along the
490:Helena, Montana
486:Mann Gulch fire
482:
480:Mann Gulch fire
434:Pendleton Field
430:Japanese Empire
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330:Wallowa-Whitman
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209:Idaho panhandle
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1294:www2.gov.bc.ca
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1264:smokejumper.ca
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326:Salmon–Challis
308:: Nez Perce /
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1270:on 2020-11-27
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71: –
70:
69:"Smokejumper"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3753:
3739:
3725:
3711:
3697:
3683:
3676:
3654:Tree planter
3634:Resin tapper
3614:Truck driver
3609:River driver
3601:
3358:Tree hugging
3343:
3326:
3293:timber mafia
3283:High grading
3268:Ghost forest
3238:Clearcutting
3161:Silviculture
3137:Horticulture
2981:Fire ecology
2896:Urban forest
2871:Mycoforestry
2831:
2827:Agroforestry
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2775:Forest areas
2773:
2766:
2712:
2700:
2688:
2676:
2664:
2573:Ancient Rome
2551:
2547:Hotshot crew
2532:Fire lookout
2431:Fire flapper
2222:Fire control
2187:Chimney fire
2073:Halligan bar
2048:Fire shelter
2033:Fire hydrant
2008:Fire blanket
2003:Escape chair
1980:Water tender
1907:Fire station
1834:Fire marshal
1814:Fire captain
1788:Firefighting
1711:, including
1702:, including
1677:, retrieved
1671:
1665:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1606:
1596:, retrieved
1590:
1583:
1573:, retrieved
1567:
1560:
1550:, retrieved
1544:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1490:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1441:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1382:
1375:
1351:. Retrieved
1349:. 2016-12-28
1346:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1317:
1308:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:the original
1263:
1254:
1240:
1229:. Retrieved
1227:. 5 May 2017
1224:
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1202:. 2009-10-09
1199:
1176:. Retrieved
1174:. 2023-07-10
1171:
1136:. Retrieved
1134:. 2023-07-14
1131:
1102:
1098:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1023:Chasing Fire
1022:
1015:
1009:Smokejumpers
1008:
998:
989:
982:
972:
956:
947:
944:Team members
938:
922:
915:
891:
880:
868:
855:
847:
830:Pulaski axes
827:
814:
803:
792:
757:
705:
700:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:
664:Boise, Idaho
657:
616:
589:
558:
547:
543:
537:
517:
505:
483:
474:
462:
455:
428:sent by the
414:
398:
383:
362:
334:
302:Payette Lake
291:
275:Soviet Union
268:
244:
240:
232:
216:Smokejumpers
215:
214:
203:aircraft in
179:
170:
146:
116:
110:January 2020
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Smokejumpers
3809:Parachuting
3678:WikiProject
3602:smokejumper
3582:Firefighter
3545:Occupations
3529:Woodworking
3110:Forestation
3041:restoration
2996:informatics
2861:Ecoforestry
2566:By location
2552:Smokejumper
2409:and tactics
2287:Ventilation
2227:Fire safety
2212:False alarm
2169:Terminology
2119:PASS device
2093:Hose bridge
2083:Hazmat suit
2018:Fire bucket
1998:Bunker gear
1940:Fire engine
1885:Drill tower
1839:Fire police
1734:Earl Cooley
1200:Environment
1016:Fire Season
935:Recruitment
732:Sungai Besi
701:Smokejumper
407:) Georgia.
386:Seeley Lake
357:Earl Cooley
277:. Earlier,
273:and in the
211:, July 1994
173:August 2020
3798:Categories
3624:Lumberjack
3619:Log scaler
3502:engineered
3453:non-timber
3426:sawmilling
3378:Industries
3345:svedjebruk
3056:transition
3036:protection
3026:old-growth
3011:governance
2966:Dendrology
2916:management
2782:Ministries
2598:Washington
2593:California
2461:Fire trail
2407:Equipment
2247:Flash fire
2217:Fire class
2197:Deluge gun
2134:Rotary saw
2104:Kelly tool
2068:Fog nozzle
1912:Hose tower
1878:Facilities
1819:Fire chief
1679:2020-02-06
1656:2024-04-09
1632:2024-04-09
1598:2024-04-09
1575:2024-04-09
1552:2024-04-09
1528:2024-04-09
1519:"Wildfire"
1467:2017-04-26
1443:2017-04-26
1439:(in Malay)
1418:2017-04-26
1397:2017-04-29
1353:2024-03-27
1328:2020-05-22
1299:2024-03-21
1274:2020-05-22
1231:2019-05-03
1206:2024-03-21
1178:2024-04-07
1138:2024-04-04
1076:References
608:Washington
600:California
405:Fort Moore
369:pack mules
310:Clearwater
287:Washington
80:newspapers
3572:Ecologist
3485:Tree farm
3386:Coppicing
3328:chitemene
3228:Acid rain
3176:allometry
3098:SmartWood
3046:secondary
3031:pathology
3006:inventory
2944:driftwood
2810:Arbor Day
2578:Australia
2525:Personnel
2486:Hose pack
2466:Firebreak
2446:Fire rake
2436:Fire hose
2426:Driptorch
2378:Wildfires
2308:Fire camp
2252:Flashover
2182:Barn fire
2177:Backdraft
2028:Fire hose
1990:Equipment
1922:Apparatus
1568:Superfire
1523:Goodreads
1172:Governing
1000:Entourage
991:SuperFire
889:in 1994.
820:(JPADS).
492:, at the
345:pack mule
228:parachute
224:wildfires
161:talk page
3773:Category
3587:handcrew
3557:Arborist
3552:Forester
3512:mahogany
3458:palm oil
3448:charcoal
3433:Products
3368:Wildfire
3181:breeding
3142:GM trees
2991:dynamics
2803:Journals
2796:Colleges
2756:Forestry
2689:Glossary
2665:Category
2634:See also
2542:Helitack
2537:Handcrew
2267:Rollover
2242:Firewall
1950:Fireboat
1849:Handcrew
1099:Heritage
1065:Helitack
1054:See also
973:Wildfire
929:hotshots
789:Aircraft
676:Malaysia
510:(1992).
411:WWII-era
353:Missoula
314:Sawtooth
155:You may
3783:Outline
3597:lookout
3592:hotshot
3473:tanbark
3443:biomass
3438:biochar
3416:plywood
3401:Logging
3305:wilding
2954:log jam
2911:Ecology
2713:Outline
2677:Commons
2588:History
2501:Pulaski
2386:General
2124:The pig
1704:history
1132:AP News
1028:Author
810:Sherpas
596:Montana
322:Payette
250:History
94:scholar
3629:Ranger
3577:Feller
3562:Bucker
3468:rubber
3411:lumber
3221:topics
3208:volume
3203:height
3149:i-Tree
2986:Forest
2939:coarse
2934:Debris
2833:dehesa
2491:McLeod
2353:Muster
1049:Greer.
850:Kevlar
771:PULPAK
736:PASKAU
612:Alaska
610:, and
604:Oregon
565:rappel
555:Canada
534:Russia
468:, and
328:, and
316:, the
265:, 1948
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3463:rayon
3198:girth
3193:crown
3154:urban
3051:stand
2959:slash
2949:large
2820:Types
2768:Index
2701:Index
2609:Lists
2207:Draft
2149:Siren
2109:Nomex
1970:Quint
1502:(PDF)
1095:(PDF)
871:jerky
858:Nomex
769:from
708:Malay
691:dara
683:ukan
598:(2),
594:(3),
592:Idaho
551:six.
542:, or
449:near
347:) at
318:Boise
163:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
3522:teak
3507:fuel
3497:Wood
3317:REDD
3171:Tree
3088:PEFC
3073:ATFS
1895:list
918:USFS
799:DC-3
773:and
716:JBPM
687:has
522:and
415:The
271:Utah
73:news
3093:SFI
3083:FSC
3078:CFS
3016:law
3001:IPM
2913:and
975:by
681:Pas
56:by
3800::
1649:.
1625:.
1521:.
1460:.
1435:.
1390:.
1362:^
1345:.
1316:.
1292:.
1262:.
1223:.
1198:.
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