38:
1082:
220:
Prof. H. V. Bowen of the
University of Swansea to use commercial records to reconstruct smuggling businesses. Jones' study focuses on smuggling in Bristol in the mid-16th century, arguing that the illicit export of goods like grain and leather represented a significant part of the city's business, with many members of the civic elite engaging in it, whether by disguised/hidden transport or mis-description of goods. Grain smuggling by members of the civic elite, often working closely with corrupt customs officers, has also been shown to have been prevalent in East Anglia during the later 16th century.
519:
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182:
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1061:. Often times, the traffickers either attach the drugs to the sheep's wool or they insert the drugs inside the sheep to be removed at a later date after slaughter. What type of livestock or pack animals do organized criminals use to carry contraband, often depends on availability and region. For example, in parts of South America, traffickers have used
642:. Currently, economic instability appears to be the main reason for illegal migration movement throughout the world. Nevertheless, many of the willing migrants undertake the hazardous travel to their destination country with criminal syndicates specialized in people smuggling. These syndicates arrange everything for the migrants, but at a high price.
745:
655:
826:. The combination of acknowledged corruption at the border and high import tariffs led smugglers in the 1970s and '80s to fly electronic equipment such as stereos and televisions in cargo planes from one country to clandestine landing strips in another, thereby circumventing encounters at the frontier between countries.
701:, in 1999, suggested a production-substituting model of smuggling in which price disparity due to cost of supply is critically important as an incentive for smuggling. This price disparity is caused by domestic consumption-taxes and import duties. Drawing attention to the case of cigarettes, Chowdhury suggested that, in
1885:
Since trafficking in smuggled goods was commonplace and apparently beyond remedial action for over a century before 1700, how are we to explain the persistence of legitimate monopoly paralleling this illegal activity? monopoly (or oligopoly) and smuggling - legal and illegal commerce, the formal and
1000:
to transport contraband by air at times. Carrier pigeons have been used to smuggle drugs into prisons and across borders. Additionally homing pigeons have also been used to transport cellphones and SIM cards into prisons. The reason why pigeons have been useful for smugglers, is that they can fly for
983:
can then sell the drugs to other inmates. Often a smuggler from the outside will attach small amounts of drugs to a cat and then the cat will either be lured inside the prison by inmates with cat treats or the cat might be trained to enter the prison. In addition to drugs, cats have also been used to
211:
in 1275. Medieval smuggling tended to focus on the export of highly taxed export goods â notably wool and hides. Merchants also, however, sometimes smuggled other goods to circumvent prohibitions or embargoes on particular trades. Grain, for instance, was usually prohibited from export, unless prices
561:
While the majority of victims are women, and sometimes children, other victims include men, women and children forced or conned into manual or cheap labor. Due to the illegal nature of trafficking, the exact extent is unknown. A U.S. government report published in 2003 estimates that 800,000-900,000
645:
Very often the traveling conditions are inhumane: the migrants are overcrowded in trucks or boats and fatal accidents occur frequently. After their arrival in the destination country, their illegal status puts them at the mercy of their smugglers, which often force the migrants to work for years in
720:
However, Chowdhury suggested that there is a limit beyond which reducing domestic taxes on production cannot confer a competitive advantage versus smuggled cigarettes. Therefore, government needs to upscale its anti-smuggling drive so that seizures (taking possession of person or property by legal
537:
or, in the case of sexual services, sex trafficking â is not the same as people smuggling. A smuggler will facilitate illegal entry into a country for a fee, and on arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is free; the trafficking victim is coerced in some way. Victims do not agree to be
219:
Most studies of historical smuggling have been based on official sources â such as court records, or the letters of
Revenue Officers. A senior academic of the University of Bristol states that they only detail the activities of those dumb enough to get caught. This has led him and others, such as
1101:
have misconstrued smuggling as illegal trade. While the two have indeed identical objectives, namely the evasion of taxes and the importation of contraband items, their demand and cost functions are altogether different requiring different analytical framework. As a result, illegal trade through
1930:
Because of difficulty in collecting excise taxes, the
British in the colonies were forced to fall back on high customs duties, which the colonists easily avoided by smuggling. The East India Company had received its monopoly on the tea trade from the Crown, which then proceeded to tax tea so
283:
Few places on the
British coast did not claim to be the haunts of wreckers or mooncussers. The thievery was boasted about and romanticized until it seemed a kind of heroism. It did not have any taint of criminality and the whole of the south coast had pockets vying with one another over whose
926:
The existence of the Multi-Consignment
Contraband (MCC) smuggling method (smuggling two or more different types of contraband such as drugs and illegal immigrants or drugs and guns at the same time) was verified following the completion of a study that found 16 documented cases of smugglers
728:
On the other hand, research by Tat Chee Tsui in 2016 suggests that even if increasing cigarette duty may encourage smuggling, total cigarette-consumption still declines because the price of illicit goods, as substitutes of taxed cigarettes, also increases because of higher tax rate.
762:
In smuggling, concealment can involve concealing the smuggled goods on a person's clothing, luggage or inside a body cavity. Some smugglers hide the whole transportation vehicle or ship used to bring the items into an area. Avoiding border checks, such as by small ships, private
634:
Smuggling is also reaping huge financial dividends to criminal groups who charge migrants massive fees for their services. Intelligence reports have noted that drug-traffickers and other criminal organizations are switching to human cargo to obtain greater profit with less risk.
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is one of the reasons behind child trafficking and some children are smuggled with their parents' consent via a transporter. As many as 50% of those smuggled are children. In the
Philippines, between 60,000 and 100,000 children are trafficked to work in the sex industry.
363:
have struggled to contain a rising influx of immigrants, the smuggling of people across national borders has become a lucrative extra-legal activity, as well as the extremely dark side, people-trafficking, especially of women who may be enslaved typically as prostitutes.
417:, are widespread. As the smuggler faces significant risk of civil and criminal penalties if caught with contraband, smugglers are able to impose a significant price premium on smuggled goods. The profits involved in smuggling goods appear to be extensive. The
988:, tools, batteries and phone chargers. The reason why cats can make good drug couriers is due to the fact that felines are naturally stealthy animals and because the prison guards are often less likely to suspect that contraband might be on a cat.
685:
and Bent Hansen first forwarded a theory of smuggling in which they saw smuggling essentially as an import-substituting economic activity. Their main consideration, however, was the welfare implications of smuggling. Against common belief that the
614:
in search of jobs. Migrant smuggling and human trafficking are two separate offences and differ in a few central respects. While "smuggling" refers to facilitating the illegal entry of a person into a State, "trafficking" includes an element of
264:, the smuggling industry was for many communities more economically significant than legal activities such as farming and fishing. The principal reason for the high duty was the need for the government to finance a number of extremely expensive
206:
items or non-taxed goods; however, there has also been smuggling based on illegally exporting goods. In
England smuggling first became a recognised problem in the 13th century, following the creation of a national customs collection system by
1053:. Cattle have been used as 'body couriers' to transport contraband in multiple ways, often by inserting the drugs into the cattle, to be removed at a later time after slaughter. Another animal that traffickers have used as body couriers are
1037:. Additionally there are also livestock that smugglers have used as living body couriers, in such instances the animals are either made to swallow the drugs or the drugs are surgically implanted inside the animals before they are
432:
in a place with low taxes and smuggle them into a place with higher taxes, where they can be sold at a far higher margin than would otherwise be possible. It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes within the
239:
I do not find they have any foreign commerce, except it be what we call smuggling and roguing; which I may say, is the reigning commerce of all this part of the
English coast, from the mouth of the Thames to the Land's End in
444:
sea border, connected to a network providing forged documents. In the same month, they dismantled another criminal organization focused on supplying fake documents to migrants in Spain, primarily in the agricultural sector.
622:
The trafficker retains control over the migrantâthrough force, fraud or coercionâtypically in the sex industry, through forced labour or through other practices similar to slavery. Trafficking violates the idea of basic
1033:, so that the animal can carry more loads of contraband further and across more rugged terrain then a human courier. In addition to Packhorses, Smugglers have also been known to transport contraband with the use of
1110:
through 'unauthorized route'. A seaport, airport or land port which has not been authorized by the government for importation and exportation is an 'unauthorized route'. The legal definition of these occurs in the
576:
According to a study by
Alternatives to Combat Child Labour Through Education and Sustainable Services in the Middle East and North Africa Region (ACCESS-MENA) 30% of school children living in border villages of
356:, a large percent of the population lived off smuggling petrol and consumer goods from neighboring countries. The state unofficially allowed this to continue or otherwise the entire economy would have collapsed.
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long distances and because the birds are usually unlikely to arouse much suspicion from authorities, due to the fact that pigeons are such widespread and commonly witnessed birds, in both rural and urban areas.
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are not the bane of customs officers and the ultimate threat to their economy. In reality, the most commonly smuggled items are everyday items one believes to be common and thus causes higher losses in
1424:
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at this time made the clandestine import of such goods and the evasion of the duty a highly profitable venture for impoverished fishermen and seafarers. In certain parts of the country such as the
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process) can add to the cost of smuggling and thus render smuggling uncompetitive. Notably, Chowdhury modeled the relationship of the smuggler to the local producer as one of antagonistic
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332:, these same places became the primary places where goods were smuggled out of the nation in defiance of the law. Like Britain, a gradual liberalization of trade laws as part of the
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and even small submersibles. This also applies for illegally passing a border oneself, for illegal immigration or illegal emigration. In many parts of the world, particularly the
194:
Smuggling has a long and controversial history, probably dating back to the first time at which duties were imposed in any form, or any attempt was made to prohibit a form of
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are choosing to traffic human beings because, unlike other commodities, people can be used repeatedly and because trafficking requires little in terms of capital investment.
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have been used as pack animals to carry large amounts of drugs across wilderness areas or across borders. In Middle
Eastern countries, smugglers have also been known to use
1619:
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to the French in 1453, imports of wine were also sometimes embargoed during wars to try to deprive the French of the revenues that could be earned from their main export.
1480:
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and popular culture focus on criminal organizations as primary smugglers, but in reality legitimate businesses are the biggest offenders. By incorporating their label on
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or other regulations. More broadly, social scientists define smuggling as the purposeful movement across a border in contravention to the relevant legal frameworks.
1690:
840:, especially for shipping cargo, Border agents must inspect cargo for smuggled and illegal goods. However, because of what is called Gridlock a maximum of 5%
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were low, because of fears that grain exports would raise the price of food in England and thus cause food shortages and civil unrest. Following the loss of
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1418:
673:(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) regulates the movement of endangered wildlife across political borders.
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1911:. Volume 5 of Routledge studies in the modern world economy, ISSN 1359-7965 (reprint ed.). London: Psychology Press (published 2003). p. 477.
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Much smuggling occurs when enterprising merchants attempt to supply demand for a good or service that is illegal or heavily taxed. As a result, illegal
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with the goods or people hidden in a vehicle or between (other) merchandise, or the goods hidden in luggage, in or under clothes, inside the body (see
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1704:
1637:
1207:
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37:
2052:
Lichtenwald, Terrance, G.; Perri, Frank, S. and MacKenzie, Paula, M., "Smuggling Multi-Consignment Contraband: Isolated Incidents or a New Trend?"
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1792:
717:. Reduction of domestic taxes enables the local producer to supply at a lower cost and bring down the price disparity that encourages smuggling.
1576:
627:. The overwhelming majority of those trafficked are women and children. These victims are commodities in a multibillion-dollar global industry.
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if caught, an animal courier, if caught with any contraband on them, would be unable to provide any verbal information to the authorities.
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of the country. Notably, some definitions define any 'undeclared' trafficking of currency and precious metal as smuggling. Smuggling is a
1081:
927:
transporting more than one type of contraband in the same shipment. MCC shipments were frequently associated with Phase II and Phase III
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2870:
2665:
1057:, which they remove drugs from after slaughter. Additionally another animal that has been used by smugglers to transport contraband are
523:
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3670:
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1951:
659:
2302:
Thursby, M., Jensen, R. and J. Thursby: âSmuggling, Camouflaging, and Market Structureâ, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991, p.789.
694:, they showed that smuggling might not enhance social welfare though it may divert resources from governments to the private sector.
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2010:
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towards their goods as the popular media portrays them as reliable. Smuggling, however, is produced through the very culture of the
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Profits also derive from avoiding taxes or levies on imported goods. For example, a smuggler might purchase a large quantity of
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Before the era of drug smuggling and human trafficking, smuggling had acquired a kind of nostalgic romanticism, in the vein of
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people worldwide are trafficked across borders each year. This figure does not include those who are trafficked internally.
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4654:
4292:
4126:
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3990:
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100:
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is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a
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and misrepresenting them to offer the cheapest possible rate. What the majority of people do not realize, is that the
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trafficked; they are tricked, lured by false promises, or forced into it. Traffickers use coercive tactics including
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1380:
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1366:, âPrivilege and Profit: Commanders of East Indiamen as Private Traders, Entrepreneurs and Smugglers, 1760â1813â,
871:. By under-declaring and misrepresenting, even the most surprising goods is common practice when smuggling. What
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1975:
31:
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463:, a distinction can be made between people smuggling as a service to those wanting to illegally migrate and the
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The high rates of duty levied on tea and also wine and spirits, and other luxury goods coming in from mainland
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per cargo holds worldwide. Since it can take a proper and complete inspection four to six hours, major global
810:, and overland hidden in cars, trucks, and trains. A related topic is illegally passing a border oneself as a
352:, and drug smuggling became a major problem after 1970. In the 1990s, when economic sanctions were imposed on
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2100:
1162:
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571:
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1708:
606:, often in dangerous or inhumane conditions. This phenomenon has been growing in recent years as people of
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In October 2023, Spanish police arrested 11 individuals involved in smuggling migrants hidden in trucks at
63:
There are various motivations to smuggle. These include the participation in illegal trade, such as in the
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1633:
1168:
1090:
698:
616:
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585:. Child trafficking is commonly referenced as "transporting". Smuggled children were in danger of being
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1470:"Biological Opinion for the Proposed Installation of 5.2 Miles of Primary Fence near Lukeville, Arizona"
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policemen and preventive officers on background. Prohibitory law against trade of alcoholic beverages ("
341:
178:
formation of a word meaning "to sneak", most likely entered the English language during the 1600sâ1700s.
68:
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as pack animals to transport drugs across rugged terrain or across borders. In certain parts of Asia,
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People smuggling can be used to rescue a person from oppressive circumstances. For example, when the
313:
1363:
959:. Often smugglers have been known to strap drugs onto the backs of canine and then use such dogs as
939:
In addition to human couriers, smugglers have been known to transport illicit goods with the use of
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Each year, hundreds of thousands of migrants are moved illegally by highly organized international
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heavily that smuggling became profitable, and the value of the franchise sold by the Crown eroded.
1866:. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (published 2000). p. 18.
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A poster warning the German women and girls about the danger of human traffic in the USA (ca 1900)
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144:
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One way that smugglers have used animals to transport contraband at times is through the use of
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was a reaction to the heavy taxes and regulations imposed by mercantilist trade policies. After
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In England wool was smuggled to the continent in the 17th century, under the pressure of high
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Inside the Illicit Economy: Reconstructing the Smugglers' Trade of Sixteenth Century Bristol
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Inside the Illicit Economy: Reconstructing the Smugglers' Trade of Sixteenth Century Bristol
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the illegal labor market to pay off the debts incurred as a result of their transportation.
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1979:
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reduced the level of domestic production. Domestic production of cigarettes is subject to
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1973:
A Maritime Threat Assessment of Sea Based Criminal Organizations and Terrorist Operations
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It is acknowledged that the smuggling of people is a growing global phenomenon. It is a
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Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783â1820
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1901:(1997) . "Managing Unsustainable Tax Burdens in the US: A Historical Perspective". In
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parallel economies - were functionally linked in Spain's transatlantic trading system.
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results from the demand for exotic species and the lucrative nature of the trade. The
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1049:, the drugs are then removed and given to associates. One such example is the use of
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1991:
Miller, Tom. On the Border: Portraits of America's Southwestern Frontier, pp. 48-60.
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943:. One advantage to smugglers using animals is that unlike human couriers, who might
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Chowdhury, F. L. 'Smuggling, Tax Structure and The Need for Anti-Smuggling Drive',
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spoke out against human trafficking and lauded USAID efforts to increase awareness
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Another way smugglers have used to transport contraband on multiple occasions is
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and the United States are believed to have paid a smuggler to lead them across.
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as pack animals to transport drugs across further distances or across borders.
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levied on alcohol and tobacco in Britain has led to large-scale smuggling from
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Road sign at the Canada-US border prohibiting cannabis, Abercorn, Québec (2018)
41:
British H.M. Revenue & Customs officers with seized smuggled tobacco, 2014.
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Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe
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Tat Chee Tsui: âDoes Smuggling Negate the Impact of a Tobacco Tax Increase?â,
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in 1783, smuggling developed at the edges of the United States at places like
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80:
2406:'Illicit business: accounting for smuggling in mid-sixteenth century Bristol'
1381:'Illicit business: accounting for smuggling in mid-sixteenth century Bristol'
736:-busting - as a challenge to state-sponsored restrictions or taxes on trade.
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88:
2439:
American Smuggling and British white-collar crime: A historical perspective
654:
198:. Smuggling is often associated with efforts by authorities to prevent the
1908:
Macroeconomic Dimensions of Public Finance: Essays in Honour of Vito Tanzi
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said that smuggling becomes second nature to businessmen, taking finished
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2105:
1971:
Lichtenwald, Terrance G., Steinhour, Mara H. and Perri, Frank S. (2012) "
1174:
1066:
864:
833:(completely fake, or illegally changed, or the passport of a lookalike).
830:
811:
799:
764:
733:
551:
526:
257:
208:
17:
3796:
1238:
963:
to transport the contraband across further distances or across borders.
852:
offer great opportunity for smugglers and traders alike. As the leading
381:
The International Anti-Opium Association, Peking "The War Against Opium"
3780:
3387:
2722:
2702:
2360:
2080:
1097:
In popular perception smuggling is synonymous with illegal trade. Even
1086:
1018:
1009:
Smugglers have also been known to transport contraband with the use of
997:
976:
829:
For illegally passing a border oneself, another method is with a false
803:
756:
752:
722:
590:
495:
479:
414:
213:
195:
2274:
1972:
1860:(21 April 2000). "Spain, Europe, and the Atlantic System, 1500-1700".
744:
467:. An estimated 90% of people who illegally crossed the border between
4778:
4676:
3655:
3537:
3022:
2717:
2692:
2539:
1150:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
916:
819:
468:
398:
353:
245:
53:
49:
806:
worldwide. Goods and people are also smuggled across seas hidden in
1813:
Bhagwati, J. and B. Hansen: âA Theoretical Analysis of Smugglingâ,
4506:
3522:
3462:
2905:
2732:
1400:
N. J. Williams, âFrancis Shaxton and the Elizabethan port booksâ,
1080:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1029:. The traffickers often strap the illicit goods to the packhorses
748:
743:
670:
653:
578:
543:
517:
509:
384:
376:
123:
116:
84:
36:
2140:"Cocaine carrier pigeons are the latest drug smuggling technique"
3107:
2392:
Smugglers: Picturesque chapters in the Story of an Ancient Craft
1054:
1022:
972:
956:
905:
802:. A large number of suspected smugglers are caught each year by
2512:
2368:
Border Contraband: A History of Smuggling across the Rio Grande
1506:"Border Security: Barriers Along the U.S. International Border"
1119:
in which both the smuggled goods and the goods are punishable.
1153: â Purchases of goods for Chinese consumers made overseas
920:
863:
stops and inspects every ship it would cause a total shipping
265:
57:
2261:"First Airplanes, Now Llamas: Cocaine Smuggling in the Andes"
1041:
to another destination, at a later date when the animals are
3795:
2350:
Contraband: Smuggling and the Birth of the American Century.
2235:"'Suspected smugglers hide 500,000 narcotic pills on sheep'"
1177: â Term for smuggling in 16th century Spanish Caribbean
1136: â 1784 skirmish between smugglers and customs officers
1142: â Crime involving the trafficking of credit card data
2122:"These Cats Are Mules: Kitties Smuggle Goods into Prisons"
1420:
A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain: Letter III
2508:
1687:"Children working in the sex industry in the Philippines"
1541:
The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
421:
dictates that greater enforcement results in more potent
2416:'s "T.S. Ashton Prize" in 2001, freely available online.
2289:
Camel carrying 114,000 drugs intercepted at Saudi border
2154:"Here's How Much a Carrier Pigeon's Drug Stash is Worth"
2005:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
1445:
The darkness of a moonless night aided furtive movement.
2314:"The term 'Smuggling' in German-language legal systems"
1591:"Spain Arrests 11 People Involved in Migrant Smuggling"
1106:
is differently considered, and smuggling is defined as
681:
Research on smuggling as economic phenomenon is scant.
2355:
Cole, W. A. âTrends in Eighteenth-Century Smuggling.â
2275:"Heroin Addicted Elephants Treated and Released Sober"
2182:"Interstate carriages used to smuggle drugs to Kerala"
1785:"Snakes on plane averted as Argentina nabs trafficker"
984:
smuggle other kinds of contraband into prison such as
558:
or even force-feeding drugs to control their victims.
288:
was one of the commonest names for a bar on the coast.
2430:
Smuggling: Contraband and Corruption in World History
1944:"Coast Guard hunts drug-running semi-subs - CNN.com"
4845:
4804:
4797:
4745:
4710:
4627:
4525:
4327:
4314:
4242:
4173:
3790:
3688:
3596:
2960:
2953:
2879:
2843:
2800:
2753:
2746:
2591:
2546:
405:), as well as the historical staples of smuggling,
340:tried to cut down on smuggling by establishing the
2482:(Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006).
2067:"5 Animals Used to Smuggle Drugs in Latin America"
1982:" Homeland Security Affairs, Volume 8, Article 13.
1093:") was in force during years 1919â1932 in Finland.
798:), etc. Many smugglers fly on regularly scheduled
174:(="to transport (goods) illegally"), apparently a
1511:. Federation of American Scientists. p. 24.
1336:"Bristol Unhgfgvf - News - 2012: Illicit Economy"
336:movement meant less smuggling. in 1907 President
2343:Smuggler Nation: How Illicit Trade Made America.
2001:Nordstrom, Carolyn (2007). "Chapter 12: Ports".
1323:Contraband Cargoes: Seven Centuries of Smuggling
1165: â Drug enforcement leads to higher potency
975:. Usually the cats are used to sneak drugs into
122:Smuggling is a common theme in literature, from
2370:(University of Texas Press, 2015) xiv, 241 pp.
2101:"Cat caught smuggling drugs into Panama prison"
533:Trafficking of human beings â sometimes called
30:"Smuggler" redirects here. For other uses, see
2432:(Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010) 199 pp.
1634:"More than half of slaves worldwide are women"
2524:
2458:Smuggling in Hampshire & Dorset 1700-1850
1243:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 2.
996:Additionally smugglers have also used homing
8:
4569:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
2214:"Uncovered: How goats can turn into 'mules'"
1733:Human Trafficking: Women's Stories of Agency
1171: â Criminal trial against Mafia members
284:smugglers were the darkest or most daring.
235:, Hampshire, on the south coast of England
4801:
4324:
2957:
2750:
2531:
2517:
2509:
2387:(Newcastle upon Tyne, Frank Graham, 1968).
2345:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).
1504:Nuñez-Neto, Blas; Kim, Yule (2008-05-14).
4200:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
2497:(Countryside Books, 1985, updated 2003).
2451:American Smuggling as White Collar Crime.
2394:(Newcastle upon Tyne, Frank Graham, 1966)
1705:"Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling"
1567:"Cigarette Smuggling Linked to Terrorism"
1368:International Journal of Maritime History
1208:"Man arrested in tobacco smuggling raids"
867:, which is trade gridlock, which is also
658:A smuggler of rare birds arrested by the
4827:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
2399:Smuggling: Seven Centuries of Contraband
1237:Max Gallien and Florian Weigand (2021).
775:, the smuggling vessel of choice is the
348:. Smuggling revived in the 1920s during
180:
2475:(Newcastle upon Tyne, V. Graham, 1964).
2380:(Newcastle upon Tyne, V. Graham, 1964).
1199:
437:can lead to a profit of US$ 2 million.
2495:Smuggling in Kent and Sussex 1700â1840
1547:from the original on November 26, 2012
3986:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
767:, through overland smuggling routes,
554:, physical threats and use of force,
7:
4728:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
2460:(Newbury: Countryside Books, 1983).
1342:from the original on 4 November 2014
1189: â American drug smuggling ring
732:One economic view sees smuggling as
2287:Courtney Trenwith. (18 June 2015).
1791:. December 26, 2011. Archived from
1240:The Routledge Handbook of Smuggling
268:with France and the United States.
27:Illegal movement of goods or people
1843:, Vol. 25 (3) (May 2016), 361-362.
1730:Angelis, Maria De (January 2012).
1218:from the original on 18 April 2018
660:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
482:, many slaves moved north via the
25:
4618:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
2120:Memmott, Mark (21 October 2013).
1468:Spangle, Steven L. (2008-02-11).
1287:from the original on 2 April 2015
1085:Illegal alcohol in confiscation,
1013:. One such example is the use of
465:involuntary trafficking of people
4914:
4913:
4901:
4754:A General History of the Pyrates
4576:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
4097:Operation Enduring Freedom â HOA
2445:, British Society of Criminology
1905:; Ter-Minassian, Teresa (eds.).
1693:from the original on 2010-04-01.
1640:from the original on 2010-02-09.
1622:from the original on 2010-04-20.
1579:from the original on 2007-08-08.
1427:from the original on 2 June 2015
1310:The Early English Customs System
604:smuggling and trafficking groups
2401:(London: Reaktion Books, 2016).
2318:Lawyer for customs criminal law
2196:"Cattle used in drug smuggling"
1954:from the original on 2010-06-18
1740:from the original on 2017-03-23
1518:from the original on 2008-10-11
1486:from the original on 2008-10-28
598:Human trafficking and migration
4112:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
4107:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
3860:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
2359:10#3 1958, pp. 395â410.
2352:(New York: W.W. Norton, 2015).
1815:Quarterly Journal of Economics
1477:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
875:does not communicate, is that
1:
3968:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
2168:"Plight of drug trade horses"
1736:(Ph.D.). University of Hull.
1281:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
1183: â Human smuggling gangs
1159: â Infamous crime scheme
119:of the items being smuggled.
56:, in violation of applicable
52:, or across an international
4541:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
3791:Pirate battles and incidents
2453:(New York: Routledge, 2014).
2056:, Vol. 7, Summer 2009, p.17.
1759:"Internet / Home - INTERPOL"
1666:"Thomson Reuters Foundation"
136:spy books (and later films)
3940:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
3423:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
2412:, 54 (2001). Winner of the
690:is more efficient than the
346:United States-Mexico Border
4971:
4817:Pirate films and TV series
4257:African Slave Trade Patrol
3825:Action of 11 November 2008
2614:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
1387:, 54 (2001); E. T. Jones,
569:
452:
425:and drugs being smuggled.
115:to prison inmates, or the
29:
4895:
4306:Trans-Saharan slave trade
3905:Battle off Minicoy Island
3880:Battle of Cape Fear River
3850:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
3820:Action of 28 October 2007
3815:Action of 9 November 1822
1402:English Historical Review
1370:, 19/2 (2007), pp. 43â88.
359:In modern times, as many
32:Smuggler (disambiguation)
4301:Indian Ocean slave trade
4190:International piracy law
4127:Pirate attacks in Borneo
3999:Capture of the schooner
3991:Capture of the schooner
3925:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
3651:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
2414:Economic History Society
2081:"Dogs used as smugglers"
2054:Inside Homeland Security
1616:"Mexico Human Smuggling"
4760:Captain Charles Johnson
4184:1717â1718 Acts of Grace
3895:Battle of Mandab Strait
3875:Battle of Boca Teacapan
3870:Balanguingui Expedition
3835:Action of 23 March 2010
2410:Economic History Review
2357:Economic History Review
2043:Nordstrom 2007, p. 121.
2034:Nordstrom 2007, p. 120.
2025:Nordstrom 2007, p. 119.
1385:Economic History Review
1306:N. S. B. Gras
1163:Iron law of prohibition
929:smuggling organizations
904:or products, it leaves
707:smuggling of cigarettes
581:had been smuggled into
572:Trafficking of children
419:iron law of prohibition
397:, and the smuggling of
185:A book with cigarettes.
4117:Operation Ocean Shield
3945:Battle of Tonkin River
3890:Battle of Doro Passage
3845:Action of 5 April 2010
3840:Action of 1 April 2010
3830:Action of 9 April 2009
3810:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
3800:
3636:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
3621:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
2768:British Virgin Islands
2348:Cohen, Andrew Wender.
2312:Hildebrandt, Torsten.
1830:, vol VI, 2000, Dhaka.
1456:The Kingdom by the Sea
1169:Pizza Connection Trial
1094:
822:to the UK through the
759:
699:Faizul Latif Chowdhury
677:Economics of smuggling
663:
629:Criminal organizations
610:are aspiring to enter
530:
515:
476:Southern United States
390:
382:
290:
273:Robert Louis Stevenson
242:
186:
42:
4733:Pirates versus Ninjas
4160:Slave raid of SuĂ°uroy
4122:Persian Gulf Campaign
4007:Capture of the sloop
3935:Battle of the Leotung
3920:Battle of New Orleans
3799:
3661:Richard Avery Hornsby
3413:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
3373:Moses Cohen Henriques
3343:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
3088:Christina Anna Skytte
2626:Brethren of the Coast
2609:Baltic Slavic pirates
2556:Ancient Mediterranean
2473:Memoirs of a Smuggler
2378:Smuggling in Cornwall
1537:"Tobacco Underground"
1249:10.4324/9781003043645
1187:The Yogurt Connection
1084:
945:turn state's evidence
747:
657:
521:
513:
494:were smuggled out of
388:
380:
361:first-world countries
342:Roosevelt Reservation
302:American independence
281:
237:
184:
69:illegal weapons trade
40:
4950:Prison-related crime
4655:skull and crossbones
4611:Mistress of the Seas
4293:Capture of the brig
4270:Atlantic slave trade
4031:Falklands Expedition
3885:Battle of Cape Lopez
3805:1582 Cagayan battles
3732:Queen Anne's Revenge
3283:José Joaquim Almeida
3268:John Newland Maffitt
3188:Hayreddin Barbarossa
3028:Bartolomeu PortuguĂȘs
3018:Artemisia I of Caria
3013:Alexandre Exquemelin
2851:Baltic Slavic piracy
2604:Anglo-Turkish piracy
2425:(Ashgate, June 2012)
2390:Harper, Charles G.,
1795:on December 26, 2011
1391:(Ashgate, June 2012)
1035:horse-drawn vehicles
814:. The high level of
608:low income countries
486:. Similarly, during
484:Underground Railroad
330:embargo of 1807-1809
139:Diamonds Are Forever
4672:No purchase, no pay
4640:Davy Jones's locker
4583:The Angel's Command
4427:Guybrush Threepwood
4275:Barbary slave trade
4252:African slave trade
4049:Jiajing wokou raids
3950:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
3173:François l'Olonnais
3033:Bartholomew Roberts
2921:Republic of Pirates
2086:Library of Congress
1572:The Washington Post
1108:international trade
912:and is affected by
640:transnational crime
612:developed countries
109:export restrictions
105:import restrictions
93:illegal immigration
4832:Timeline of piracy
4789:Piracy kidnappings
4442:Jacquotte Delahaye
4397:Charlotte de Berry
4387:Captain Sabertooth
4280:Blockade of Africa
4235:Piracy Law of 1820
4165:Turkish Abductions
4102:Operation Atalanta
4036:Great Lakes Patrol
3915:Battle of Nam Quan
3865:Attack on Veracruz
3801:
3383:Nicholas van Hoorn
3368:Michel de Grammont
3233:Jacquotte Delahaye
3218:Hippolyte Bouchard
3138:Elise Eskilsdotter
3078:Charlotte de Berry
3043:Benjamin Hornigold
2478:Smith, Joshua M.,
2471:Rattenbury, John,
2456:Morley, Geoffrey,
2449:Karson, Lawrence.
2385:Smuggling in Devon
2241:. 2 September 2015
1978:2013-11-03 at the
1765:on 12 October 2002
1134:Battle of Mudeford
1117:cognizable offense
1095:
923:around the world.
838:Border checkpoints
788:body cavity search
760:
667:Wildlife smuggling
664:
531:
516:
498:by people such as
403:illegal arms trade
391:
383:
368:Types of smuggling
338:Theodore Roosevelt
187:
97:illegal emigration
43:
4927:
4926:
4908:Piracy portal
4891:
4890:
4868:Fictional pirates
4767:Truce of Ratisbon
4741:
4740:
4702:Walking the plank
4562:On Stranger Tides
4502:Tony Tony Chopper
4392:Captain Stingaree
4329:Fictional pirates
4145:Sack of Baltimore
4140:Raid on Cartagena
4082:Moscow University
3961:Beluga Nomination
3930:Battle of Pianosa
3855:Antelope incident
3746:Marquis of Havana
3684:
3683:
3393:Olivier Levasseur
3333:Louis-Michel Aury
3298:Klaus Störtebeker
3248:Jeanne de Clisson
3168:François Le Clerc
3003:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
2949:
2948:
2866:South China Coast
2830:Strait of Malacca
2277:. 11 August 2014.
2142:. September 2015.
1858:Stein, Barbara H.
1854:Stein, Stanley J.
1652:"I. Introduction"
1595:The National News
1157:French Connection
1099:social scientists
914:institutionalized
910:shipping industry
869:economic gridlock
792:balloon swallower
769:smuggling tunnels
566:Child trafficking
535:human trafficking
524:UNICEF Ambassador
506:Human trafficking
306:Passamaquoddy Bay
286:The Smugglers Inn
77:human trafficking
16:(Redirected from
4962:
4917:
4916:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4802:
4604:Pirate Latitudes
4597:Long John Silver
4590:Voyage of Slaves
4457:Long John Silver
4352:Captain Birdseye
4325:
4195:Letter of marque
4155:Salvador Pirates
4150:Sack of Campeche
3973:Chepo Expedition
3955:Battle of Tysami
3910:Battle off Mukah
3900:Battle of Manila
3739:Quedagh Merchant
3697:Adventure Galley
3543:Victual Brothers
3528:Thomas Cavendish
3493:Sayyida al Hurra
3478:Samuel Hall Lord
3458:Roche Braziliano
3443:Robert Culliford
3378:Nathaniel Gordon
3348:Martin Frobisher
3308:Laurens de Graaf
3278:JĂžrgen JĂžrgensen
3213:Henry Strangways
3193:Hendrick Lucifer
3143:Eustace the Monk
3008:AntĂłnio de Faria
2958:
2926:Republic of Salé
2896:Ăle Sainte-Marie
2751:
2728:Victual Brothers
2636:Cilician pirates
2533:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2446:
2444:
2404:Jones, Evan T.,
2366:DĂaz, George T.
2341:Andreas, Peter.
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2292:Arabian Business
2285:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2109:. 23 April 2021.
2097:
2091:
2090:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2016:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1903:Bléjer, Mario I.
1895:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1850:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1789:Deccan Chronicle
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1761:. Archived from
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1707:. Archived from
1701:
1695:
1694:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1377:
1371:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1204:
1181:Snakehead (gang)
1129:Arms trafficking
1104:customs stations
1077:Legal definition
857:Customs Official
713:(VAT) and other
683:Jagdish Bhagwati
662:at a U.S. border
589:or even killed.
461:people smuggling
455:People smuggling
449:People smuggling
395:drug trafficking
326:Thomas Jefferson
21:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4955:Organized crime
4930:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4902:
4900:
4887:
4853:Barbary pirates
4841:
4837:Women in piracy
4793:
4737:
4706:
4635:Buried treasure
4623:
4555:Facing the Flag
4548:Treasure Island
4521:
4467:Vaas Montenegro
4462:Monkey D. Luffy
4432:Hector Barbossa
4417:Elizabeth Swann
4382:Captain Pugwash
4319:
4317:
4310:
4287:Veloz Passagera
4285:Capture of the
4238:
4169:
3978:Capture of the
3786:
3718:Flying Dutchman
3680:
3646:Miguel EnrĂquez
3598:
3592:
3558:William Dampier
3513:Simon Mascarino
3508:Shirahama Kenki
3488:Samuel Pallache
3453:Roberto CofresĂ
3363:Mary Wolverston
3338:Mansel Alcantra
3313:Lawrence Prince
2993:Albert W. Hicks
2945:
2883:
2875:
2839:
2796:
2742:
2738:Women in piracy
2703:Sindhi corsairs
2656:French corsairs
2646:Cossack pirates
2599:Albanian piracy
2592:Types of pirate
2587:
2542:
2537:
2442:
2436:Karson, Larry,
2435:
2419:Jones, Evan T,
2397:Harvey, Simon,
2383:Graham, Frank,
2376:Graham, Frank,
2338:
2336:Further reading
2333:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2263:. 23 June 2015.
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2166:
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2020:
2013:
2000:
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1980:Wayback Machine
1970:
1966:
1957:
1955:
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1941:
1937:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1841:Tobacco Control
1838:
1834:
1828:Fiscal Frontier
1825:
1821:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
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1778:
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1321:N.J. Williams,
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1274:
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1196:
1140:Carding (fraud)
1125:
1079:
1007:
994:
969:
953:
941:trained animals
937:
888:. An anonymous
873:popular culture
742:
715:consumption tax
711:value added tax
679:
652:
600:
587:sexually abused
574:
568:
508:
459:With regard to
457:
451:
375:
370:
296:, smuggling in
192:
154:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4886:
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4880:
4878:Piracy by year
4875:
4870:
4865:
4863:Female pirates
4860:
4858:By nationality
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
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4452:Joshamee Gibbs
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4055:Maersk Alabama
4051:
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3707:
3700:
3692:
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3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3666:Robert Maynard
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
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3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3548:Vincenzo Gambi
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:Samuel Bellamy
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3448:Robert Surcouf
3445:
3440:
3438:Richard Glover
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3408:Pierre Lafitte
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
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3305:
3300:
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3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Grace O'Malley
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3123:Edward England
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:Cheung Po Tsai
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Benito de Soto
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2983:Abraham Samuel
2980:
2978:Adam Baldridge
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Saint Augustin
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2808:Horn of Africa
2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2792:Gulf of Guinea
2789:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2778:Lake Nicaragua
2770:
2759:
2757:
2755:Atlantic World
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Jewish pirates
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2491:
2476:
2469:
2454:
2447:
2433:
2428:Karras, Alan.
2426:
2417:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2364:
2353:
2346:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2304:
2295:
2280:
2266:
2252:
2226:
2205:
2187:
2173:
2170:. 9 July 2010.
2159:
2156:. 24 May 2017.
2145:
2131:
2112:
2092:
2072:
2058:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2011:
2003:Global Outlaws
1993:
1984:
1964:
1950:. 2008-03-20.
1935:
1917:
1899:Makin, John H.
1890:
1872:
1845:
1832:
1819:
1817:, 1973, p.172.
1806:
1776:
1750:
1722:
1696:
1678:
1657:
1643:
1625:
1607:
1582:
1575:. 2004-06-08.
1558:
1528:
1496:
1460:
1454:Paul Theroux,
1447:
1438:
1406:
1393:
1372:
1356:
1327:
1325:(London, 1959)
1314:
1298:
1272:
1257:
1229:
1212:mynewsdesk.com
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1146:Counterfeiting
1143:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1078:
1075:
1006:
1003:
993:
990:
968:
965:
952:
949:
936:
935:Use of animals
933:
890:shipping agent
824:Channel Tunnel
782:Submitting to
773:Gulf of Mexico
755:piled up with
741:
738:
688:private sector
678:
675:
651:
648:
599:
596:
570:Main article:
567:
564:
507:
504:
453:Main article:
450:
447:
374:
371:
369:
366:
318:Lake Champlain
298:colonial times
191:
188:
153:
150:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4967:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:Black markets
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4920:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:Miscellaneous
4744:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:Miscellaneous
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Pirate utopia
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
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4591:
4587:
4585:
4584:
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4577:
4573:
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4564:
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4557:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:Elaine Marley
4410:
4408:
4407:Edward Kenway
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:Captain Flint
4365:
4363:
4362:Captain Crook
4360:
4358:
4357:Captain Blood
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
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4268:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
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4245:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4180:Acts of grace
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
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4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4073:Orkim Harmony
4069:
4067:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4016:Carré d'As IV
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3980:Ambrose Light
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
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3928:
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3918:
3916:
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3908:
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3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3760:Royal Fortune
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3704:Ambrose Light
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3676:Woodes Rogers
3674:
3672:
3671:Thomas Warren
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Julius Caesar
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3611:Chaloner Ogle
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Zheng Zhilong
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
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3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Sadie Farrell
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Princess Sela
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Pedro Gilbert
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
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3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:Liang Daoming
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
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3259:
3256:
3254:
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3249:
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3244:
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3229:
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3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3163:Francis Drake
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Dominique You
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Charles Gibbs
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Abduwali Muse
2966:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:Major figures
2952:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Barataria Bay
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:Pirate havens
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Barbary Coast
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
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2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Timber pirate
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
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2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2504:
2503:0-905392-48-5
2500:
2496:
2493:Waugh, Mary,
2492:
2489:
2488:0-8130-2986-4
2485:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:0-905392-24-8
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2407:
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2400:
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2308:
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2299:
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2290:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:. 7 May 2021.
2068:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2012:9780520250963
2008:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1920:
1918:9780415141116
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1875:
1873:9780801861352
1869:
1865:
1864:
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1855:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1794:
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1786:
1780:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1723:
1711:on 2008-06-24
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1653:
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1621:
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1596:
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1562:
1559:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1482:
1479:. p. 3.
1478:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:Defoe, Daniel
1410:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:E. T. Jones,
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:Dr Evan Jones
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:9780367489533
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1230:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1002:
999:
991:
989:
987:
982:
978:
974:
966:
964:
962:
958:
950:
948:
946:
942:
934:
932:
930:
924:
922:
918:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
878:
877:illegal drugs
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:shipping port
859:argues, if a
858:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:border checks
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:
737:
735:
730:
726:
724:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:In contrast,
695:
693:
692:public sector
689:
684:
676:
674:
672:
668:
661:
656:
649:
647:
643:
641:
636:
632:
630:
626:
620:
618:
613:
609:
605:
597:
595:
592:
588:
584:
580:
573:
565:
563:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
528:
525:
520:
512:
505:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:Jewish people
489:
488:the Holocaust
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
456:
448:
446:
443:
438:
436:
435:United States
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
387:
379:
372:
367:
365:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:North America
289:
287:
280:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
221:
217:
215:
210:
205:
201:
197:
189:
183:
179:
177:
176:frequentative
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
151:
149:
147:
146:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
4899:
4772:Pirate Round
4752:
4723:Space pirate
4697:Treasure map
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4487:Roronoa Zoro
4437:Jack Sparrow
4377:Captain Nemo
4372:Captain Hook
4294:
4286:
4262:
4132:
4089:
4081:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4041:
4024:Dai Hong Dan
4023:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3979:
3960:
3779:
3774:Whydah Gally
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3725:Ganj-i-Sawai
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3689:Pirate ships
3641:Luis Fajardo
3626:James Brooke
3616:David Porter
3588:Zheng Yi Sao
3563:William Kidd
3518:Stede Bonnet
3503:Shap-ng-tsai
3483:Samuel Mason
3403:Peter Easton
3353:Mary Lindsey
3303:Lai Choi San
3293:Joseph Barss
3288:Joseph Baker
3258:John Hawkins
3253:Johanna HĂ„rd
3243:Jean Lafitte
3238:Jan Janszoon
3228:Israel Hands
3208:Henry Morgan
3198:Henri Caesar
3113:Dirk Chivers
3048:Black Caesar
2973:Abshir Boyah
2844:Other waters
2825:Persian Gulf
2813:Somali Coast
2801:Indian Ocean
2773:Spanish Main
2688:River pirate
2666:Moro pirates
2641:Child pirate
2566:21st century
2494:
2479:
2472:
2457:
2450:
2438:
2429:
2421:
2409:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2367:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:
2307:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2269:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2239:Jordan Times
2238:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2190:
2176:
2162:
2148:
2134:
2125:
2115:
2104:
2095:
2084:
2075:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1967:
1956:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1929:
1922:. Retrieved
1907:
1893:
1884:
1877:. Retrieved
1862:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1799:December 27,
1797:. Retrieved
1793:the original
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1763:the original
1753:
1742:. Retrieved
1732:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1699:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1660:
1654:. state.gov.
1646:
1628:
1610:
1599:. Retrieved
1597:. 2023-10-17
1594:
1585:
1570:
1561:
1551:November 26,
1549:. Retrieved
1540:
1531:
1520:. Retrieved
1499:
1488:. Retrieved
1463:
1455:
1450:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1419:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1367:
1364:Huw V. Bowen
1359:
1344:. Retrieved
1330:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1275:
1239:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1096:
1008:
995:
981:prison gangs
970:
961:pack animals
954:
938:
925:
846:trade routes
835:
828:
781:
777:go-fast boat
761:
731:
727:
719:
696:
680:
665:
644:
637:
633:
625:human rights
621:
617:exploitation
601:
583:Saudi Arabia
575:
560:
556:debt bondage
548:intimidation
532:
522:Actress and
500:Algoth Niska
473:
458:
439:
427:
392:
358:
291:
285:
282:
276:
270:
250:Romney Marsh
243:
238:
229:Daniel Defoe
225:excise taxes
222:
218:
193:
171:
164:
157:
155:
143:
137:
127:
121:
111:, providing
73:prostitution
62:
45:
44:
4687:Pirate code
4662:Keelhauling
4650:Jolly Roger
4512:Will Turner
4447:José Gaspar
4347:Barbe Rouge
4244:Slave trade
3498:Sister Ping
3428:Rachel Wall
3223:Huang Bamei
3203:Henry Every
3158:FĆ«ma KotarĆ
3153:Flying Gang
3068:Calico Jack
3058:Bully Hayes
2861:Falcon Lake
2835:Nosy Boraha
2693:Sea Beggars
2681:Confederate
2651:Filibusters
1312:(OUP, 1918)
1113:Customs Act
1043:slaughtered
1031:pack saddle
902:merchandise
886:tax revenue
842:inspections
411:rum-running
350:Prohibition
202:of certain
200:importation
101:tax evasion
4934:Categories
4846:Categories
4822:Privateers
4784:Matelotage
4718:Air pirate
4682:Pet parrot
4534:The Pirate
4482:Nico Robin
4402:Davy Jones
4342:Tom Ayrton
4316:Pirates in
4205:Piracy Act
4174:Piracy law
4090:North Star
3753:My Revenge
3606:Angelo Emo
3568:Zheng Jing
3533:Thomas Tew
3328:Lo Hon-cho
3148:Flora Burn
3128:Edward Low
3098:Dan Seavey
3093:Chui A-poo
3053:Blackbeard
2998:Anne Bonny
2936:Saint-Malo
2916:Port Royal
2901:Libertatia
2713:Ushkuyniks
2676:Privateers
2671:Narentines
2631:Buccaneers
2561:Golden Age
2363:in Britain
1958:2010-05-23
1924:22 January
1879:22 January
1744:2017-03-22
1601:2023-11-06
1522:2008-10-11
1490:2008-10-11
1458:, 1983:84.
1423:. London.
1194:References
1091:kieltolaki
1045:for their
986:cellphones
808:containers
703:Bangladesh
430:cigarettes
344:along the
334:free trade
310:St. Mary's
227:. In 1724
204:contraband
162:Low German
145:Goldfinger
134:James Bond
113:contraband
89:chop shops
81:kidnapping
65:drug trade
4940:Smuggling
4667:Marooning
4295:Brillante
4084:hijacking
4075:hijacking
4066:hijacking
4057:hijacking
3358:Mary Read
3263:John Hoar
3133:Eli Boggs
3103:Diabolito
2884:and bases
2820:Indonesia
2785:Venezuela
2763:Caribbean
2200:Daily Sun
1404:66 (1951)
1267:245768606
1067:elephants
1011:livestock
1005:Livestock
865:grid lock
854:Cape Town
850:Singapore
765:airplanes
552:isolation
540:deception
442:Algeciras
324:. During
322:Louisiana
277:Kidnapped
262:Cleveland
260:and East
254:East Kent
240:Cornwall.
233:Lymington
231:wrote of
172:smokkelen
156:The verb
152:Etymology
126:'s opera
46:Smuggling
18:Smugglers
4919:Category
4645:Eyepatch
4517:Zanzibar
4492:Sandokan
4472:Mr. Smee
4337:Askeladd
4265:Incident
4135:incident
4044:incident
4026:incident
4018:incident
3963:incident
3578:Zheng Yi
3573:Zheng Qi
3553:Wang Zhi
3433:Redbeard
3323:Limahong
3273:John Pro
3178:Gan Ning
3063:Cai Qian
2871:Sulu Sea
2698:Sea Dogs
2245:11 March
2219:11 March
2106:Newsweek
1976:Archived
1952:Archived
1738:Archived
1691:Archived
1638:Archived
1620:Archived
1577:Archived
1545:Archived
1513:Archived
1481:Archived
1425:Archived
1417:(1724).
1340:Archived
1285:Archived
1222:28 April
1216:Archived
1175:Rescates
1123:See also
979:, where
894:products
848:such as
831:passport
812:stowaway
800:airlines
734:monopoly
650:Wildlife
527:Lucy Liu
478:allowed
258:Cornwall
209:Edward I
165:smuggeln
4883:Pirates
4812:Pirates
4320:culture
4318:popular
4263:Amistad
4064:Zafirah
3767:Saladin
3599:hunters
3388:Ng Akew
2988:Alfhild
2961:Pirates
2941:Tortuga
2723:Vikings
2619:Algiers
2548:Periods
2372:excerpt
1769:1 March
1715:1 March
1671:1 March
1346:1 March
1291:1 March
1087:Finnish
1019:donkeys
998:pigeons
977:prisons
917:tariffs
804:customs
757:cocaine
753:abdomen
740:Methods
723:duopoly
591:Poverty
496:Germany
480:slavery
423:alcohol
415:tobacco
407:alcohol
399:weapons
314:Georgia
214:Gascony
196:traffic
190:History
160:, from
158:smuggle
132:to the
4873:Piracy
4779:Mutiny
4677:Pegleg
4628:Tropes
4526:Novels
4422:Franky
4092:affair
3656:Pompey
3597:Pirate
3538:Veborg
3023:Awilda
2911:Mamora
2718:Uskoks
2540:Piracy
2501:
2486:
2464:
2361:online
2323:20 May
2009:
1915:
1870:
1431:13 May
1265:
1255:
1151:Daigou
1071:camels
1063:llamas
1051:cattle
1039:herded
1027:ponies
1015:horses
820:France
751:of an
469:Mexico
413:) and
354:Serbia
320:, and
246:Europe
129:Carmen
85:heists
54:border
50:prison
4805:Lists
4507:Usopp
4497:Sanji
4133:Quest
4042:Irene
4001:Fancy
3993:Bravo
3711:Fancy
3523:Teuta
3463:Rusla
2906:Lundy
2747:Areas
2733:Wokou
2443:(PDF)
1516:(PDF)
1509:(PDF)
1484:(PDF)
1473:(PDF)
1263:S2CID
1059:sheep
1055:goats
1023:mules
992:Birds
921:taxes
898:media
749:X-ray
671:CITES
579:Yemen
544:fraud
373:Goods
169:Dutch
124:Bizet
117:theft
4798:Meta
4477:Nami
4229:1850
4225:1837
4221:1721
4217:1717
4213:1698
4209:1536
4009:Anne
3781:York
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