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1399:. The school provided access to education for children from remote regions, giving hill tribe children a chance to learn the Thai language and culture and instilling in them a sense of being Thai. The concept was in line with the princess mother's own philosophy that education was the key to improving human resources. She therefore took the school under her royal patronage in 1964, and donated funds to the Border Patrol Police to set up similar schools in remote areas. The private sector found this to be a worthy cause, and contributed its share in setting up more schools, which were named after their donors. Each schoolâthere were eventually 185âhad proper classrooms and accommodations for teachers. She went to open each of these schools, donating to them a set of symbolic items to bolster a sense of
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1507:, accompanied by border control police and two physicians. Soon she felt that she had covered all she could within the immediate vicinity, and yearned to conquer Doi Inthanon, which was visible from the palace windows. In those days there was no access road to the top, so the princess mother spent two nights camping out during her hike, the first night at Pang Somdet, and the following night at Ban Pha Mon. A large number of hill tribe villagers turned up to welcome her. The tribes people's lack of access to medical care concerned her. When she returned the following year, she brought with her two physicians, and her visits to these remote areas by helicopter eventually earned her the name
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1610:, despite frequent warnings persisted in picking on a youngster who was the son of the caretaker. On this particular occasion, Prince Ananda Mahidol pushed the boy near some stairs, which could have led to a disastrous outcome. The exasperated mother said to her son, "I've warned you many times, this time Iâm going to spank you. How many times do you think you should be spanked?" Whereupon the young boy answered, "Once". "I don't think that's enough," continued Mother, "since youâve done it several times now. I think it should be three times." And with that, the punishment was carried out. Prince Ananda never picked on the little boy again.
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1691:. The ceiling of the main reception hall is decorated with the constellations as designed by the Bangkok Planetarium. "I want a ceiling for the hall that is inexpensive," she instructed, opting for a carving of the solar system and the 12 signs of the zodiac, and 12 constellations rather than a crystal chandelier. Each star was represented by a light bulb giving off a comparative magnitude of light. Wood carvings of other constellations also adorned her private balcony and some of doors.
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he did. When I bought it back, I had to attend to it, fertilize it constantly because the soil here is not so fertile. I have to constantly water the plant, turn the soil, pull the weeds and pick the dead leaves. People are like that; if he comes from a good breed, the child will be healthy and intelligent. If the parents provide constant nurturing, picking out the defective bits and adding fertilizer, the child will grow up and prosper like these zinnias.
1331:", inviting close acquaintances to join the group. Among the members of the circle were Mom Chao Sipphanphansanur Sohnakul, Thanpuying Prayong Sanidvongs na Ayudhya, Khunying Chalaem Puranasiri, Khunying Srivisarnvaja, Khunying Prem, Damrongbaedyakhun, Thanpuying Poa Anurakshraja mondira, and expatriate wives such as Mrs. Zimmerman, Mrs. Davis, Mrs. Langesen, Mrs. Nederguard, Mrs. Pendleton and Mrs. Reeve, whose husbands were missionaries or lecturers at
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713:(later Queen Sri Savarindira, The Queen Grandmother). At the age of seven, Sangwan found herself at the royal court. Her only duty at that time was to present herself at a twice-daily audience with the princessâwhen she woke up, and again in the evening. Every now and then, she would join the princess's entourage when she went for an audience with her mother, Queen Savang Vadhana, at Suan Hongsa Royal Villa on the grounds of
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877:, French, and English. The prince also assigned an American woman to take Sangwan on guided tours of museums and art galleries, and explain to her the significance of the various exhibits. The royal wedding of Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and Sangwan Talapat (later Srinagarindra) was held at Sa Pathum Palace on 10 September 1920. The ceremony was presided over by Prince Mahidol Adulyadej's half-brother,
1006:, Switzerland, a decision that Mom Sangwan approved due to its mild climate, scenery, and hospitable people. It was also said to be one of the most favoured places of her much-travelled husband Prince Mahidol. In April 1933, Mom Sangwan and her children left for Switzerland, together with a small entourage among whom was a young relative named Boonruen Sopoj, who later became Dame (Thanpuying)
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781:), director of the Royal Medical College of Siriraj Hospital, selected two doctors and two nurses to further their studies in the United States. These scholarship students were expected to return to teach future generations of medical students and advance the medical profession in Thailand. The medical scholarships were provided by Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, then a first-year student at
1388:, "It was almost an unspoken rule, a nature sense of priority to do what we could for the country. What mother taught us came from Father. He was 8 years older than Mother, and taught her a lot. Mother was very receptive, she learned so much from Father. What she taught us I later found to be almost quoted verbatim from Father...It was like Father teaching us through Mother..."
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1768:"I shall plant forests on Doi Tung." With those words, a royal initiative was created, launching a project to return the mountain to its original state. The Princess Mother was also determined to improve the quality of life of the villagers, provide education and health services, means of a regular income, and an awareness of the need to preserve the environment.
841:, and to attend North Western Grammar School to perfect their English reading, writing, and speaking skills. During this time, Prince Mahidol maintained close interest in Sangwan's development, making frequent visits to Hartford. Their strolls in the park to observe the flowers reflected Sangwan's lifelong love of plants and concern for the natural environment.
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usually two outfits a year. She wore very little jewelry. A simple bracelet made of nine gemstones was the extent of her accessories; she said it went with any outfit. She also wore one particular ringâa diamond ring with her Thai initials "Sor Vor" (Thai: āļŠ.āļ§.) etched on top. The initials stood for "Savang
Vadhana" (Thai: āļŠāļ§āđāļēāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļē), the given name of
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Thailand, light bulbs installed in the ceiling representing stars showed the position of the constellations on 21 October 1900, the day the
Princess Mother was born. Walls are lined with Thai silk embroidered with flowers. Other decorative items are carvings of elephant herds in the forest, while the Thai alphabet lines the stairway to the lower level.
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1403:, including a Buddha image to symbolize religion, a portrait of the king or queen as an emblem of the monarchy, and a flag to represent the nation. She also made sure that each school was equipped with a radio set to keep up with the news, and a map of Thailand to give students a sense of belonging no matter where in the country they were located.
785:, while the nursing scholarships were provided by his mother, Queen Savang Vadhana. One of the two nurses selected was Sangwan. Her preparations for this trip included a six-month intensive English course with Miss Edna Sarah Cole, headmistress of Kullasatri Wang Lang School for girls (later to become
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Reflecting the
Princess Mother's deep interest in astronomy, the ceiling in the reception hall is carved in the image of the solar system, with clusters of the different star signs. It has a handcrafted wood inlay of the Princess Mother's favourite constellations. Designed by the Astronomy Society of
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The princess mother was fond of outdoor activities. She was an avid skier. It was a sport she enjoyed with her children when they were in
Switzerland. Badminton and horseback riding were also regular activities, and she continued riding well into her seventies. She only gave up badminton when she was
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A sense of frugality was something that the princess mother practiced throughout her life. Even when she was in a position to pamper herself, she preferred to maintain her simple way of life. Her meals were simple dishes that emphasized nutritional value. She only had new clothes made when necessary,
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All expenses for these visits were subsidized by the princess mother. If she happened to be on the trip with the medical team, she would help fill the prescriptions and provide advice to the sick. Those in critical condition would be sent to local hospitals. Later, she experimented with the system of
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requested that the king postpone his return to
Switzerland in order to present the new constitution to the nation on 9 May 1946, and to open parliament on 1 June. He acquiesced to the decision. The agreed on return trip to Switzerland was scheduled for 13 June 1946. But the trip didn't happen. On the
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was beset with kidney problems during his last year at medical school. Despite chronic health problems, he managed to graduate with honors. Immediately after his finals, he suffered from acute appendicitis requiring immediate surgery. As soon as he was well enough to travel, he and his family went to
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In Boston, they were simply known as "Mr and Mrs
Mahidol Songkla", living in a two-bedroom flat at 63 Longwood Avenue. Apart from their studies, they were both closely involved in the activities of the Siam Association of USA under Royal Patronage, which had been established by the prince. They would
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When the
Princess Mother started making regular visits to villagers, officials, soldiers and police in the Thai border areas in 1966, the scene from her helicopter showed barren hillsides devoid of trees, with occasional shifting crops, weeds, and opium poppies. From these visits, she learned of the
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was photography. When she arrived in
California and started receiving her own pocket money of US$ 5 a month, she saved to buy her own box camera. She experimented with different photographic techniques, such as double exposure, and would continuously upgrade her equipment. Her children were subjects
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noted, "Queen Sri
Savarindira did not get involved in the everyday routine of bringing up the children, but only gave advice on important matters. That was because she respected Mother, seeing that she brought up her children with proper discipline and in the right way. Queen Sri Savarindira did not
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Manners were an integral part of character building. The children were taught to respect elders and behave properly with other people, and this remained the same despite the change in their status later in life. Along with manners came spirituality and religion. Though she learned about
Christianity
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of 21 September 1920, listed the names of donors to the Kullasatri Wang Lang School, which included the newly-weds, who had donated 5,000 baht. The publication noted that Mom Sangwan Mahidol na Ayudhya, having married into the royal family, was entitled to an annual stipend of 200 baht, and that she
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As regent, the princess mother carried out various official duties on behalf of the king, including accepting diplomatic credentials from newly posted ambassadors, conferring degrees on university graduates, presiding at religious ceremonies and putting her signature to several important legislative
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Plants are like people. This particular zinnia I didn't grow from a seed, but bought a sapling from a nursery, and it is now strong and healthy. Why is that? Because the nursery owner knew how to choose a good seed, and the right soil. He knew how to nurse the sapling, which I couldnât have done as
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On boat trips, the princess mother was known to have enjoyed standing on deck at night, gazing at the stars without the use of a telescope. When naval officers explained the names of the constellations to her in Thai and English, she would give their French and Latin names, then proceed to astonish
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The children had been taught from a young age to be thrifty. They each received weekly pocket money, the amount depending on their age, but never more than was necessary to buy themselves some sweets or chocolates. Other items, such as books and toys, also had to come out of their own pocket money.
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In addition to providing scholarships, the princess mother continued to play a major role in the field of nursing in Thailand. She founded the Thailand Nursing Association, of which she was also a board member. With her funds, the first national nursing convention in Thailand was organized in 1960.
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It soon became a procedure for the princess mother to use her own money to purchase items for poor villages during her increasingly frequent upcountry visits. These gifts included tee-shirts, towels, multipurpose "pha khao ma" cloth, and stationery for schoolteachers; school uniforms and stationery
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was completed, the king invited the princess mother for a visit. As was her habit in Switzerland, the princess mother went for long treks through the woods behind the palace, enjoying the flora and fauna, and stopping in villages en route. It was then that she discovered the poverty of the villages
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In 1918, they joined eight other Thai students travelling to Boston, Massachusetts. On 21 September 1918, Prince Mahidol was waiting to welcome them, though Sangwan was unaware of his rank. Furthermore, she had no idea that her presence had already made an impact on the young prince, who, according
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was a plan to improve the quality of life of the local hill tribe villagers. No longer able to rely on their slash-and-burn method of cultivation, they needed alternative ways to feed themselves and earn income. In 1972, the princess mother established the Hill Tribes Products Promotion Foundation
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Through her knowledge of health care and nutrition, and regular exercise, the princess mother retained good health. A physical examination in 1988 showed that she was in perfect condition. "If you were to look at the medical report, her blood tests, blood pressure, pulse, etc., without knowing who
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was applicable as the last resort. First-time mistakes would be discussed, and explanations given; however, if the children still persisted despite reasons and warnings, then punishment would be meted out. Often the Princess Mother would even discuss with the offender what level of punishment they
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paper, is another of the money-making crops they plant, nurture, and process. New plant cultivation technologies are continually tested for the cultivation of asparagus, bananas, orchids, and strawberries. After successful trials, villagers are trained in the techniques to follow, the improvements
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found a small distance from his body, but nearer his non-dominant hand. In February 1955, three of the late-king's attendants: his secretary Senator Chaleo Patoomros and two pages, Nai Chit and Butr Paramasrin, were executed by Phibun's regime on charges of conspiracy to kill the king after a long
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The princess mother had a passion for flowers. It was a defining characteristic that dominated her life from her youth through to her later years. This love of flowers reflected a sensitivity and a concern for nature that was not just enjoyment of its aesthetic qualities, but included the need to
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The princess mother took advantage of this brief sojourn in their homeland to make sure that the king saw as much as he could of the important temples and historic sites in Bangkok and the environs, and of the national arts and culture. She also kindled his desire to help others, to contribute to
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Her interest in astronomy remained a lifelong passion and was reflected in several of her other activities. The constellations appeared as part of her ceramics painting, on lamps, ashtrays, and dishes, often in the form of flowers representing the stars, with the number of petals and the colours
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Since 1964, when trips to remote areas to visit villagers and army personnel became a routine procedure, she noticed how people there were plagued by health problems. Due to the lack of medical facilities, such basic illnesses as gastrointestinal infections, tapeworms, skin diseases, and malaria
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Upon the death of Prince Mahidol, the princess mother continued to provide scholarships to medical students so their studies would not be interrupted. When they returned to work, she also supplemented their salary if it happened to be lower than the set rate. A revolving fund of 500,000 baht was
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Sangwan enrolled as a student of Siriraj School for Midwifery and Nursing in 1913, when she was thirteen.She was two years younger than the minimum age limit, but the school still accepted her based on her credentials. She was a scholarship recipient who agreed to work for the hospital for three
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The young king and his brother remained at Ecole NouvÃĐlle de la Suisse Romande until 1941, boarding at the school during their last two years there, as it was their mother's wish for them to learn how to take care of themselves. Meanwhile, Princess Galyani Vadhana was attending an international
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had developed below knee prostheses from recycled plastic bottles which cost only 700 baht, and artificial limbs that could be used for agricultural purposes for 300 baht. She saw this as an opportunity to provide artificial limbs free of charge to the poor. With initial funding donated by the
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She kept up her late husband's tradition of inviting Thai students for meals on Saturdays. The increasing number of Thai students in Switzerland, who had moved there from war-torn Belgium, France, and Italy, meant that they had to take turns as guests of the princess mother. Her support to the
732:) Damrong Baedyakhun, the court physician for surgery. She stayed at his house while continuing her schooling at Satri Wittaya School. Sensing that she was feeling listless and unhappy, he asked her if she would be interested in studying nursing. Sangwan answered at once that she would be.
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The outbreak of World War II in 1939 had repercussions on the Mahidol family. They received ration coupons like other Swiss families. They had to use ash for washing instead of soap, and the young king travelled to school by bicycle. The princess mother made her own jam from fruit such as
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To encourage them to be aware of their responsibilities, the children were expected to do their chores like any other children. They had to keep their rooms clean and even the young king had to make his own bed when he was in Lausanne. This habit remained in later years. When
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Behind the palace is a long balcony lined with flower boxes. It is here that the Princess Mother spent many hours tending to the flowers. The lower levels are living and working quarters. In front is a wide lawn with flower gardens, which affords a view of mountain ranges.
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While her children were growing up as members of the royal family in the days of absolute monarchy, it would have been so easy for the princess mother to bring them up in a life of privilege, surrounded by attentive staff eager to follow orders. But that was not the way of
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In 1985, the cabinet approved the proposal of the National Committee for the Promotion and Development of Social Welfare Activities that 21 October, the princess mother's birthday, be declared National Social Welfare Day. As she was also a nurse, it has since been renamed
1196:. Though the Siamese police director general originally told an emergency session of the legislature that the king's death was accidental, experts have since testified that regicide is the most likely cause of death due to the king being found flat on his back with his
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set up the Doi Tung Development Project in 1988 as a joint project between seven ministries. The princess mother was approaching her 90th birthday, and the Thai people were concerned that her annual sojourns in Switzerland were becoming too taxing for age. A house on
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With her visits to the hill tribes, she realized that their slash-and-burn system of cultivation had inadvertently caused the destruction of the watershed forests. Over the years, they had moved from place to place, leaving behind them patches of barren hillside.
1273:, or the ordination of her son. For these visits, she would stay only one or two months at a time, and only stayed for extended periods when the occasion demanded. On the king's state visit to 14 European countries and the United States in 1960, she remained in
1890:, mourners thronged to pay their last respects. These included not only members of the royal family, diplomats, government officials, and those living within the confines of the capital city, but also hill tribe villagers from the far corners of the kingdom.
1458:, called "The Princess Mother's Medical Volunteers". The team was made up of doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, and health officers, who volunteered their time on weekends to treat the ill, and offer consultative services to the public free of charge.
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went to a school called Ecole Nouvelle de la Suisse Romande. Although in his own country he was king, at school in Switzerland he was simply, Ananda Mahidol, son of Madame S. Mahidol, a student receiving no more privileges than any other student here.
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supplement for services rendered over and above normal duties. Her observations of the precarious economic situation of the rural areas, prompted the princess mother to make regular visits to the remotest areas of the kingdom, starting in 1964.
671:. By nine years old, Sangwan's parents and her older brother and sister had all died, leaving her and her younger brother, Thomya, to the care of their aunt. Her aunt and guardian, Suay, earned a living by making sweets and rolling cigarettes.
682:, leaving the school after only a month due to the lack of funds. Nonetheless, she maintained her reading habits by regularly visiting her auntâs friend who ran a library of books for rent. She had read a number of Thai classics, such as
1917:, in a solemn procession from the Grand Palace to the crematorium. Her royal cremation ceremony was one of the biggest events Thailand has witnessed in modern times, attended by thousands of people and watched on television nationwide.
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The princess mother played an active role in the Doi Tung Development Project, beginning with nursing tree saplings herself and replanting forests. Surrounding the palace are experimental plots where temperate crops are tested, such as
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Apart from her own funds, the money for these various projects came from the sale of handicrafts made through projects initiated by the princess mother, such as pressed-flower greeting cards and brooms and brushes made from sisal hemp.
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early on in the present reign. In this capacity, she put her signature to a number of important laws and declarations, including the Suppression of Prostitution Act of 1960, and the first National Economic Development Plan, 1961â1966.
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The Prostheses Foundation and the Breast Foundation, both under the patronage of the princess mother, were two projects initiated in her later years. The Prostheses Foundation was set up in 1992, when she learned that a doctor from
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The princess mother made a point of hiring an English governess to teach English to the king. She also made sure her children kept up with their Thai language and culture studies with a tutor, Prueng Siribhatra, who was sent by the
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for her camera, and as a result, the country has extensive records of their two kings as children. In 1928, her interest was drawn to the movie camera. She was among the 50 members of the Amateur Cinematographic Society set up by
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Three years after ascending the throne, the young King Ananda Mahidol returned to visit his country and his people for the first time. Upon their return, Princess Sri Sangwan was elevated to the ranks of royalty with the title
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In 1974, the princess mother donated one million baht to establish "The Princess Motherâs Volunteer Flying Doctor Foundation", which was subsequently changed into "The Princess Mother's Volunteer Foundation" (PMMV) in 1985.
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would be the perfect solution. At 1,000 meters elevation, with temperatures ranging between 17 and 24 degrees Celsius, its climate and the surrounding scenery were not unlike the cool, mountain setting of Villa Vadhana in
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described her upbringing as being very much in the vein of any normal family, where the children are taught to be respectful of grown-ups, to be responsible in their duties, and to expect punishment when they are naughty.
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the patient was, I guarantee that no one would have guessed her age correctly, as the results were no different from those of any strong and healthy young man or woman", said Dr. Chek Dhanasiri, one of her physicians.
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on 23 November 1988, 10 months after the start of construction, and before it was completed. She stayed at the Royal Villa on five more occasions for several months at a time to allow her to work on her projects.
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was living overseas, he would drive, wash, and even polish his own car without assistance. Similarly, after his music sessions, he would insist on putting away his own musical instruments and wiping them himself.
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For the princess mother, education was of paramount was an importance. Being an scholarship student herself, she was known to provided scholarships to students as far back as 1920, not long after her marriage to
1096:. Throughout the two months that the young king appeared in the midst of his people, the Thais had a chance to admire his maturity and his demeanor, which was most becoming to a monarch and far beyond his years.
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The sewing circle members started by making their own clothes, then making clothes for poor children at various hospitals. They met once a week, each member taking turns hosting tea at home between 16:00-18:00.
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had opened a school of midwifery and nursing, but despite the minimum requirement of being able to read and write, had not been able to attract many students. As a further incentive, each student was paid 15
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incantations, they said their prayers in Thai, asking the Lord Buddha to protect them and lead them down the good and righteous path. Prayers would then be supplemented by stories of the life of the Buddha.
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She also set up with her own personal funds a number of foundations, most notably the Border Patrol Police Support Foundation and the New Life Foundation for those recovering from leprosy or mental illness.
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in remote areas. There was a lack of schools and health services. Even the border patrol police, who acted as guides and also provided security for her on the trips, were very poorly paid, and received no
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to his roommate, Pradit Sukhum (later Lord (Luang) Sukhum Nayapradit), arrived home after two in the morning, shook him awake saying, "The two girls have arrived. Sangwan is really very pretty, you know."
1176:, this time traveling by plane. Six days later, they arrived. As they stepped off the plane, the Thai public witnessed, not two young schoolboys dressed in shorts, but two mature and dignified young men.
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The marriage was followed by a visit to various European countries before the couple eventually returned to the United States. Prince Mahidol resumed his studies in public health at Harvard and at the
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Her cremation was followed by traditional Thai theatrical performance and dances, the first such celebration in years. She had noticed how sad the atmosphere at the 1985 royal cremation of Queen
1676:(The Sky), Larousse edition. In this book there were some maps of stars and the Moon which she looked up so often that three pages fell out. These Mother took out eventually for separate use".
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At her husband's death, Mom Sangwan was just 29 years old, occupied with raising her three young children ranging in age from six and four to one year, nine months. At that time, her daughter,
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King Bhumibol Adulyadej, accompanied by his mother Princess Si Sangwan, declared open the 13th National Art Exhibition of Thailand at the Fine Arts Department of Thailand on 20 February 1962.
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861:, and Sangwan Talabhat, and in 1919, he presented her with a diamond ring on a heart-shaped setting in a private ceremony. Thirty years later, this same ring would be presented by his son,
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One of the princess mother's educational initiatives was the Border Patrol Police School project. A school had been set up by the Border Patrol Police Region 5 in their Dararasmi Camp, in
800:. As her father was dead, she took the surname of Lee Talaphat, who was in the service of Prince Mahidol Adulyadej. Her surviving younger brother registered himself as Thomya Chukramol.
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The two-story house is nestled against a steep incline. The upper floor is divided into four sections: the private quarters of the Princess Mother, the private quarters of her daughter
1269:. She returned only periodically between 1952 and 1963 in order to attend significant functions or events, such as the birth of her grandchildren, the illness and subsequent death of
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during her years in the US, she remained a devout Buddhist, and brought up her children in the Buddhist faith. She was clever enough to introduce Western religious practises such as
1848:, which became the centre for training in agriculture, weaving, and dyeing. A Hill Tribe Youth Leadership Programme was set up to allow 50 youths to undergo training each year.
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as regents until the king came of age. On this occasion, Mom Sangwan was conferred the title of "Princess Mother Sri Sangwan", a title that still denoted her commoner status.
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for 25 years, from which the interest could be used to send students for post-graduate studies overseas. After 25 years, the fund was transferred to the Faculty of Medicine,
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for schoolchildren; and pha khao ma, sarongs, needles and thread, medicine, tinned food, and dried foodstuffs for villagers. Children received toys suitable for their ages.
926:, where she studied chemistry and nutrition. Upon passing the test at the end of the semester, she went on to study school health at MIT, entering in the summer semester.
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morning of 9 June 1946, only four days before he was due to travel to Switzerland, King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) was found shot dead in the Boromphiman Throne Hall,
1875:. In mid-1991, she fell in her bedroom, never entirely recovering from that accident. In November 1993, December 1994, and again in June 1995 she was admitted to the
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care and nurture them into full bloom with the same kind of attention and concern that she gave to her role as mother, and every other project in her lifetime.
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1466:. The project was well received, and within a few years the number of radio centers increased to 446 covering 25 provinces, with the center of operations at
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among the hill tribes, meaning 'royal mother from the sky', referring to her arrival by helicopter with physicians, nurses, medicines, food, and clothing.
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818:, Hong Kong, Japan, Hawaii, and after six weeks, the group reached San Francisco. From there, she went to live with an American family, the Adamsens of
984:. Some members of the royal family resigned their government posts, and others left the country to live overseas until the political scene had calmed.
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years in exchange for the 15 baht per month that would cover her living costs.Upon graduation in 1916, she joined the nursing team at the hospital.
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To the Princess Mother, the health and well-being of her people were high on the list of priorities. The philosophy echoed that of her husband,
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charitable projects including public health and medicine. The king donated a sum from his privy purse to build the Ananda Mahidol Hospital in
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and confusing trial. Today, it is acknowledged that these charges seemed to be baseless, but the truth of the matter has remained a mystery.
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A Drug Rehabilitation Centre was also set up so addicts could be treated and provided with vocational training to suit their way of life.
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1223:. He switched his choice of subjects from science to political science, law and economics, in order to better suit his new priorities.
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895:, (born 6 May 1923, died 2 January 2008), married Aram Rattanakul Serireungriddhi (then divorced) had one daughter, and then married
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radio consultation between doctors in the hospital and patients at health centers in remote areas, following the system used by the
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Somdet Phra Srinagarindra Parks Foundation under the Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Srinagarindra, the Princess Mother.
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1841:, would promote and market the handicrafts produced by each village. The foundation also provided training to hill tribe youth.
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In January 1939, King Ananda Mahidol and his family bade farewell once again to their homeland and returned to Switzerland.
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On 19 August 1946, the princess mother accompanied the new king back to Switzerland, where he resumed his studies at the
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2858:. (Thai Version) Published on the occasion of Luang Sukhum Nayapraditâs cremation at Wat Debsirindrawas on 29 June 1967.
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Sangwan's mother had taught her to read before passing. With this skill, Sangwan enrolled at an all-girls school of
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were targeted for reforestation and sustainable development to improve the quality of life of the local villagers.
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As her body lay in state within the ancient and cavernous Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall, in the compound of the
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In 1932, when her children had started school and she had more time on her hands, she set up an American-style "
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Approval was granted to the union between Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, the Prince of Songkla Nagarindra and son of
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At the suggestion of a relative, Sangwan was sent to live with Chan Saeng-xuto, another relative and a nanny to
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1672:. Later on when her youngest son started astronomy lessons at his Lausanne school, Mother bought him a copy of
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On 4 October 1948, King Bhumibol Adulyadej was badly hurt in a motoring accident, requiring hospitalization.
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For various reasons including security in line with their new status, the family moved to a new house, names
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Shortly afterwards, she was sent to Satri Wittaya School, while she lived with Huan Hongsakul, the nanny of
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581:) was a member of the Royal Thai Family. She was part of the House of Mahidol, which is descended from the
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Europe again for an extended stopover, returning eventually to Siam in 1928 and taking up residency at
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had been, when all the traditional cultural events at royal family cremations were banned under King
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on 18 July 1995 at Siriraj Hospital at the age of 94. She was one of the longest-living Thai royals.
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Not long afterwards, on 12 August 1949, the Thai people learned that the king had become engaged to
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returned from Switzerland to Thailand, during an official ceremony in January 1946 in Bangkok, with
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to help the nation. This sense of responsibility was instilled in her three children. According to
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Through the influence of her husband, she had always considered it her responsibility to return to
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Prince Mahidol Adulyadej had arranged for the girls to stay with the Armstrong family in Hartford,
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Community Health Foundation under the Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Galyani Vadhana.
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Community Health Foundation under the Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Galyani Vadhana,
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from his studies in Switzerland in 1951 with his wife, Queen Sirikit, and their first daughter,
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during the king's absence, just as she did during subsequent state visits overseas until 1967.
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where she lived with the Williston sisters, Emily and Constance, who tutored her in algebra,
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often host meals for other Thai students; she did the cooking, while he washed the dishes.
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For her passport, Sangwan needed a surname, the use of which was not a regular practice in
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into their daily routines to make Buddhism more accessible to them. Instead of the usual
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Somdet Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani : Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother
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abdicated on 2 March 1935, relinquishing his right to appoint an heir to the throne.
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On the same day as King Ananda Mahidol's death, by parliamentâs unanimous decision,
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took place on 10 March 1996, for which an elaborately carved royal crematorium, or
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A trip to northern Thailand in 1964 helped change her routine. Not long after the
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Murals in Wat Srinagarindravararam depicting the Princess Mother and her family
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gods. Crowds lined the street as the golden urn of rank was transported on the
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cultivation methods that destroyed the natural environment and the watershed.
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feel the need to interfere because Mother was doing such a good job already."
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students extended to lending, or even giving, them money if their funds from
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Since the new king was only nine years old, parliament unanimously appointed
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The princess mother only indulged them on special occasions like birthdays.
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1144:. The family lived in Switzerland until all three children were graduated.
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70, and skiing when she was 80. In later years, she would enjoy a game of
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brought about the end of Thailand's absolute monarchy, and the start of a
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2696:"FUNERALS, DEATH CUSTOMS AND CREMATIONS IN THAILAND - Facts and Details"
998:, about the suitable course of action for her grandchildren, especially
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Hospital buildings and nursing schools were built with her patronage.
957:. As soon as they were old enough, her sons were also sent to school,
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Somdet Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani: Grandmother of the nation
2599:
Somder Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani: Grandmother of the Nation
1547:
1235:"His Serene Highness Prince" (Mom Chao) Nakkhatra Mangkala Kitiyakara
1133:
1120:
strawberries, apples, and pears that she picked from her own garden.
1045:, as yet only nine years old, was declared the eighth monarch of the
990:, later titled the "Queen Grandmother", consulted with her daughter,
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An older Sangwan (standing) with two friends at Satri Wittaya School.
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of Princess Srinagarindra, the Princess Mother. The letters "āļŠ.āļ§." (
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precarious existence of the villagers who had to grow crops through
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In 1969, she established the first medical volunteer mobile unit in
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with an initial donation of 100,000 baht. The foundation, based at
893:
Princess Galyani Vadhana, the Princess of Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra
2187:
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1945:
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in the Rangsi Vadhana Memorial, Royal Cemetery, Wat Ratchabophit.
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869:. After their engagement, Prince Mahidol bade his fiancÃĐe move to
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The princess mother donated money to buy 2.3 hectares of land in
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Princess Mother Memorial Park Committee Under Royal Initiative.
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Acting on this inspiration, the government under Prime Minister
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1022:
While Mom Sangwan and her children were living in Switzerland,
946:. Prince Mahidol died on 24 September 1929 at Sapathum Palace.
648:), "Royal Mother from the Sky" or "The Heavenly Royal Mother".
2455:"Celebrations nationwide honour Princess Mother Srinagarindra"
1647:
Her way of bringing up the children earned great respect from
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Parallel to the princess mother's project on the greening of
1800:, the quarters of Princess Galyani Vadhana's only daughter,
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Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and Mom Sangwan in their engagement
2886:. (Thai Version) Bangkok: Aksorn Thai Printing Press, 1998.
2879:. (Thai Version) Bangkok: Aksorn Thai Printing Press, 1991.
1602:
Princess Galyani Vadhana recounted a particular episode in
2851:. (Thai Version) Bangkok: Thai Wattana Panich Press, 1980.
1483:
princess mother, and further donations from her daughter,
1297:(later became Queen Sri Bajrindra, the Queen Mother), and
1039:
Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, the Prince of Songkla Nagarindra
814:
with almost 20 other Thai students. The trip took them to
1651:, who had nothing but praise for her daughter-in-law. As
1599:
thought deserved. Then they would face the consequences.
1680:
the officials with her knowledge of the constellations.
910:, (born 5 December 1927, died 13 October 2016), married
1470:. Over a million patients benefited from this service.
1104:, while his siblings donated toward a health centre in
904:, (born 20 September 1925, died 9 June 1946), unmarried
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per month, sufficient to live on for the entire month.
2818:. (bilingual edition) Bangkok: Dransutha Press, 1984.
1058:
Prince Abhakara Kiartiwongse, the Prince of Chumphorn
1033:
regarding succession to the throne as promulgated by
992:
Princess Valaya Alongkorn, the Princess of Petchaburi
703:
Princess Valaya Alongkorn, the Princess of Petchaburi
636:
people, to whom she was a special patron, called her
3561:
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the Direkgunabhorn
1879:
for treatment. Princess Srinagarindra died at 21:17
2012:
2004:
1992:
1961:
1495:In 1964, at the age of 64, she hiked to the top of
1359:(Thai: āļ§āļąāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĨāđāļŦāđāļāļāļēāļāļī Wan Phayaban Haeng Chat).
601:(Rama IX) and was the paternal grandmother of King
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207:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2507:"Princess Srinagarindra Royal Cremation - Bangkok"
3556:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao
2964:President of Princess Mother's Medical Volunteer
1905:, symbolizing the mythical mountain abode of the
1714:Another hobby since she was a nursing student at
996:Prince Rangsit Prayursakdi, the Prince of Chainat
763:Prince Rangsit Prayursakdi, the Prince of Chainat
3566:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown
2872:. (Thai Version) Bangkok: Darnsutha Press, 1996.
2865:. Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing, 2000.
2811:. (Thai Version) Bangkok: Darnsutha Press, 1990.
1571:designed to provide them with increased income.
2844:. (Thai Version) Bangkok: Darnsutha Press, 1987
2651:(Thai literary journal), October 1947, p. 11-12
722:Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, the Prince of Songkla
2899:. Monthly Thai literary journal, October 1947.
2847:Galyani Vadhana, Her Royal Highness Princess.
2840:Galyani Vadhana, Her Royal Highness Princess.
2814:Galyani Vadhana, Her Royal Highness Princess.
1664:According to Princess Galyani Vadhana's book,
973:remained in kindergarten at Mater Dei School.
826:, a member of the nobility. She also attended
620:). In Thailand, she was affectionately called
2996:
2430:, a temple in Switzerland named in her honour
2407:Sirindhorn, Princess Debaratana Rajasuda
1867:The Princess Mother's official residence was
1815:The Princess Mother took up residence at the
1285:acts. She was the third female regent of the
1257:When the King Bhumibol Adulyadej returned to
888:had three children, a daughter and two sons:
8:
2309:Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Naradhiwas
2169:Red Cross Medal of Appreciation, First Class
1271:Queen Sri Savarindira, the Queen Grandmother
1172:On 29 November 1945, the family returned to
2826:(in Thai and English) (2nd ed.). SCB.
2116:Order of Symbolic Propitiousness Ramkeerati
1430:In 1945, as she accompanied her elder son,
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3020:
3003:
2989:
2981:
2937:Eldest Royal Member of the Chakri Dynasty
2919:
2884:Somdet Phra Srinagarindra Parks Foundation
2279:
1958:
1727:. The hobby was adopted by both her sons.
1566:trees, the fibre of which is used to make
1241:, England, and Mom Luang Bua Sanidvongse.
830:to learn the ways of the Christian faith.
610:Somdet Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani
329:
309:
298:
2436:, a park in remembrance of Srinagarindra.
1687:Her love of astronomy was evident in her
1684:representing the magnitude of each star.
1037:in 1924, the next in line was the son of
424:
420:
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
267:Learn how and when to remove this message
165:Learn how and when to remove this message
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
2689:
2687:
2264:Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand rank
1464:Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia
632:), "the Royal Grandmother". The various
128:This article includes a list of general
2661:
2659:
2657:
2560:"The life and legacy of a beloved king"
2446:
2125:Freemen Safeguarding Medal, First Class
1377:donated it entirely to needy students.
555:; 21 October 1900 â 18 July 1995) born
3339:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
2620:
2618:
2414:Chulabhorn, Princess Srisavangavadhana
1804:, and the reception hall and kitchen.
1010:, the widow of Prime Minister General
2636:Galyani Vadhana, Her Royal Highness,
2609:Galyani Vadhana, Her Royal Highness,
2370:
2307:
2294:
2291:
2288:
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1943:, which organized her state funeral.
1920:The funeral pyre was lit by her son,
1871:, where she lived with her daughter,
1802:Thanpuying Dhasanawalaya Sornsongkram
988:Queen Sri Savarindira, the Queen Aunt
920:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
2190:: Grand Cordon (First Class) of the
205:adding citations to reliable sources
2863:King Bhumibol: Strength of the Land
2059:Dame of the Ancient and Auspicious
2033:) refers to her given name, Sangwan
1503:. She had been used to hiking from
1446:Princess Mother's volunteer doctors
16:Mother of King Bhumibol (1900â1995)
3334:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
2953:Non-profit organization positions
2889:The Tourism Authority of Thailand
2822:Vadhana, Princess Galyani (1987).
2050:Order of the Royal House of Chakri
1265:, the princess mother remained in
1078:The king and his younger brother,
134:it lacks sufficient corresponding
75:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
3596:Royal Thai Air Force air marshals
2893:. Bangkok: Darnsutha Press, 1998.
2842:From Little Princes to Young King
2809:90th Anniversary of Mae Fah Luang
2626:90th Anniversary of Mae Fah Luang
2611:From Little Princes to Young King
1860:Princess Srinagarindra statue at
1445:
1231:Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara
912:Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara
908:King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
897:Prince Varananda Dhavaj Chudadhuj
867:Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara
589:. She was the mother of Princess
34:This article has multiple issues.
3487:Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782â1932)
3460:Communist insurgency in Thailand
2214:
2197:
2180:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2120:
2109:
2098:
2087:
2076:
2065:
2054:
2043:
1984:
1062:Chao Phraya Yomaraj (Pan Sukhum)
659:was born on 21 October 1900, in
520:
181:
119:
85:guide to writing better articles
64:
23:
3576:People from Nonthaburi province
3491:History of Thailand (1973â2001)
3162:The Prince Bidyalabh Bridhyakon
3157:The Prince Adireksorn Udomsakdi
3083:The Prince Narisara Nuwattiwong
3012:History of Thailand (1932â1973)
2270:Volunteer Defense Corps General
2161:Royal Cypher Medal, First Class
2149:Royal Cypher Medal, First Class
2137:Royal Cypher Medal, First Class
902:King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)
796:until 1913 during the reign of
416:
192:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
3551:Thai people of Laotian descent
3365:April 1933 Siamese coup d'ÃĐtat
2094:Order of the Crown of Thailand
1622:, who had given her the ring.
1499:, Thailand's highest peak, in
1054:Prince Aditya Dibabha Abhakara
886:Mom Sangwan Mahidol na Ayudhya
810:on 13 August 1917 on the ship
618:āļŠāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļāļĢāļīāļāļāļĢāļēāļāļĢāļĄāļĢāļēāļāļāļāļāļĩ
608:Her formal name and title was
335:Princess Srinagarindra in 1957
1:
3395:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3370:June 1933 Siamese coup d'ÃĐtat
3200:Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena
3111:Chao Phraya Bijayendra Yodhin
2877:Princess Mother Memorial Park
2434:Princess Mother Memorial Park
2326:Aram Rattanakul Serireongrit
2048:Dame of the Most Illustrious
1941:Bureau of the Royal Household
1901:, was built in the centre of
1518:In response, she created the
1263:Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya
1002:. Prince Rangsit recommended
884:Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and
454:, Princess of Naradhiwas
3027:Individuals and institutions
1911:Royal Great Victory Carriage
1520:Doi Tung Development Project
1180:Death of King Ananda Mahidol
1164:, Srinagarindra, and Prince
728:, Sangwan was sent to Lord (
3606:20th-century Chakri dynasty
3329:Communist Party of Thailand
3194:Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada
3187:Prime Ministers of Thailand
2946:Princess of& Naradhiwas
2916: (archived 3 July 2007)
2192:Order of the Precious Crown
2105:Order of the Direkgunabhorn
2083:Order of the White Elephant
1974:Princess Mother of Thailand
1451:would often lead to death.
1024:King Prajadhipok (Rama VII)
859:King Chulalongkorn (Rama V)
707:King Chulalongkorn (Rama V)
575:
549:
323:Princess Mother of Thailand
3627:
3531:20th-century women regents
3380:Rebellion of the Sergeants
3355:Siamese revolution of 1932
3153:(Plod Vichear na Songkhla)
3078:The Prince of Nakhon Sawan
2784:www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th
2756:www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th
2728:www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th
2482:"The Princess of Humanity"
2480:admin (13 November 2020).
2380:13 October 2016 (aged 88)
2224:: Dame Grand Cross of the
1915:Phra Maha Pichai Ratcharot
1739:Portraits of Srinagarindra
1491:Environmental conservation
1277:for six months, acting as
585:and was founded by Prince
441:
3571:Simmons University alumni
3483:
3405:Thai cultural restoration
3360:Constitutions of Thailand
3283:Marshal of the Air Force
3018:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2868:National Identity Board.
2861:National Identity Board.
2854:Luang Sukhum Nayapradit.
2597:National Identity Board,
2584:Luang Sukhum Nayapradit.
2511:patricklepetit.jalbum.net
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2362:
2350:
2316:2 January 2008 (aged 84)
2315:
2312:
2302:
2299:
2092:Dame Grand Cordon of the
2081:Dame Grand Cordon of the
1983:
1773:General Prem Tinsulanonda
1293:during the reign of King
1233:, the eldest daughter of
1206:Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej
1080:Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej
971:Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej
961:attended kindergarten at
798:King Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
775:Princess Valaya Alongkorn
645:
629:
617:
564:
538:
328:
321:
310:
3611:Mothers of Thai monarchs
3470:14 October 1973 Uprising
3233:Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
3137:(Thongdi Nolarajasuwach)
3113:(General Um Indrayodhin)
2856:A Short Story of My Life
2586:A Short Story of My Life
2428:Wat Srinagarindravararam
2103:Dame Grand Cross of the
2072:Order of Chula Chom Klao
2070:Dame Grand Cross of the
1926:Prince Mahidol Adulyadej
1873:Princess Galyani Vadhana
1862:Mae Fah Luang University
1824:Mae Fah Luang Foundation
1798:Princess Galyani Vadhana
1653:Princess Galyani Vadhana
1591:Princess Galyani Vadhana
1485:Princess Galyani Vadhana
1421:Chulalongkorn University
1413:Prince Mahidol Adulyadej
1386:Princess Galyani Vadhana
1370:Prince Mahidol Adulyadej
1333:Chulalongkorn University
951:Princess Galyani Vadhana
939:Prince Mahidol Adulyadej
779:Prince Mahidol Adulyadej
3425:Army General Staff plot
2931:Princess Vapi Busbakara
2330:Dhasanawalaya Ratanakul
1922:King Bhumibol Adulyadej
1670:Astronomy for Beginners
1641:King Bhumibol Adulyadej
1323:Social welfare projects
1291:Queen Saovabha Phongsri
982:constitutional monarchy
978:1932 Siamese Revolution
934:Death of Prince Mahidol
863:King Bhumibol Adulyadej
787:Wattana Wittaya Academy
149:more precise citations.
79:used on Knowledge (XXG)
3440:Silent Coup (Thailand)
2667:"Doi Tung Royal Villa"
2360:9 June 1946 (aged 20)
2226:Order of Orange-Nassau
2061:Order of the Nine Gems
2034:
1971:Princess Srinagarindra
1951:
1864:
1793:
1740:
1707:
1254:
1221:University of Lausanne
1169:
865:, to his bride-to-be,
854:
783:Harvard Medical School
754:
597:(Rama VIII), and King
531:Princess Srinagarindra
83:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
3465:1971 Thai coup d'ÃĐtat
3450:1958 Thai coup d'ÃĐtat
3445:1957 Thai coup d'ÃĐtat
3415:1948 Thai coup d'ÃĐtat
3410:1947 Thai coup d'ÃĐtat
3385:Songsuradet rebellion
3206:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
3169:(Bhat Phuengphrakhun)
3146:The Prince of Chainat
3135:Phraya Nolarajasuwach
3119:(Dr. Pridi Banomyong)
3100:Prince Aditya Dibabha
2209:Order of the Elephant
2025:
1949:
1859:
1791:
1738:
1702:
1660:Interest in astronomy
1649:Queen Sri Savarindira
1620:Queen Sri Savarindira
1608:Prince Ananda Mahidol
1532:Mae Fa Luang District
1480:Chiang Mai University
1252:
1215:Return to Switzerland
1155:
1106:Samut Sakhon Province
1043:Prince Ananda Mahidol
1000:Prince Ananda Mahidol
994:and her adopted son,
976:On 24 June 1932, the
959:Prince Ananda Mahidol
852:
752:
3601:Thai police officers
3536:20th-century regents
3302:Luang Wichitwathakan
3285:Fuen R. Ritthakhanee
3151:Phraya Manovaratsevi
3130:Phra Suthamawinichay
3117:Luang Praditmanutham
3105:Chao Phraya Yomarath
3095:The Prince Anuvatana
3039:Monarchy of Thailand
2923:Order of precedence
2532:"A right royal mess"
1817:Doi Tung Royal Villa
1792:Doi Tung Royal Villa
1689:Doi Tung Royal Villa
1357:National Nurses' Day
1239:Court of St. James's
1012:Chatichai Choonhavan
914:, had four children.
820:Berkeley, California
771:Queen Savang Vadhana
761:The following year,
711:Queen Savang Vadhana
663:. Her family was of
423:; died
201:improve this article
3526:Regents of Thailand
3435:Manhattan Rebellion
3375:Boworadet Rebellion
3277:Lieutenant General
3244:Thanom Kittikachorn
3178:Princess Srisangwan
3167:Luang Adundetcharat
3141:Sa-nguan Chuthatemi
3066:Regents of Thailand
2700:Factsanddetails.com
2564:Nikkei Asian Review
2392:Princess Ubolratana
2008:Your Royal Highness
1596:Corporal punishment
1536:Chiang Rai Province
1501:Chiang Mai Province
1456:Chiang Mai Province
1432:King Ananda Mahidol
1397:Chiang Mai Province
1311:Chiang Mai Province
1245:Serving the kingdom
1185:The Thai government
1008:Boonruen Choonhavan
965:and transferred to
769:and adopted son of
661:Nonthaburi Province
484:Chakri dynasty
389:Royal Crematorium,
3319:Free Thai Movement
3058:Bhumibol Adulyadej
2737:on 2 October 2015.
2387:Sirikit Kitiyakara
2372:Bhumibol Adulyadej
2357:20 September 1925
2338:24 September 1969
2035:
1999:Her Royal Highness
1952:
1865:
1794:
1741:
1289:, the first being
1279:Regent of Thailand
1255:
1170:
1148:Return to Thailand
1094:Her Royal Highness
1087:Return to Thailand
1018:As Princess Mother
855:
773:, half-brother of
767:King Chulalongkorn
755:
599:Bhumibol Adulyadej
511:Theravada Buddhism
464:Bhumibol Adulyadej
3498:
3497:
3478:
3477:
2979:
2978:
2970:Succeeded by
2943:Succeeded by
2540:. 4 December 2008
2461:. 21 October 2016
2419:
2418:
2246:Air Chief Marshal
2020:
2019:
2013:Alternative style
1852:Death and funeral
1725:Chitralada Palace
1524:Mae Chan District
1029:According to the
944:Sra Pathum Palace
657:Sangwan Chukramol
587:Mahidol Adulyadej
573:
547:
528:
527:
405:Mahidol Adulyadej
295:
294:
287:
277:
276:
269:
251:
175:
174:
167:
113:
112:
105:
77:encyclopedic tone
57:
3618:
3430:Palace Rebellion
3279:Kat Katsongkhram
3212:Khuang Aphaiwong
3021:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2982:
2928:Preceded by
2920:
2897:Wong Wannakhadee
2837:
2795:
2794:
2793:on 27 June 2018.
2792:
2786:. Archived from
2781:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2758:. Archived from
2753:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2730:. Archived from
2725:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2652:
2649:Wong Wannakhadee
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2581:
2575:
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2556:
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2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2451:
2377:5 December 1927
2342:Varananda Dhavaj
2323:
2280:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2207:: Knight of the
2203:
2201:
2200:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2124:
2113:
2102:
2091:
2080:
2069:
2058:
2047:
1988:
1978:
1964:
1959:
1877:Siriraj Hospital
1869:Sa Pathum Palace
1835:Srapathum Palace
1721:King Prajadhipok
1716:Siriraj Hospital
1528:Mae Sai District
1468:Srapathum Palace
1425:Siriraj Hospital
1393:Mae Rim District
1287:Rattanakosin era
1102:Lopburi Province
963:Mater Dei School
953:was studying at
804:Sangwan Talaphat
734:Siriraj Hospital
647:
631:
619:
580:
577:Sangwan Talaphat
568:
566:
565:āļŠāļąāļāļ§āļēāļĨāļĒāđ āļāļ°āļĨāļ°āļ āļąāļ
554:
542:
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163:
159:
156:
150:
145:this article by
136:inline citations
123:
122:
115:
108:
101:
97:
94:
88:
87:for suggestions.
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3541:Thai princesses
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3479:
3474:
3390:Franco-Thai War
3343:
3267:Phin Choonhavan
3254:
3227:Pridi Banomyong
3014:
3009:
2975:
2973:Galyani Vadhana
2966:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2914:Wayback Machine
2906:
2834:
2821:
2804:
2802:Further reading
2799:
2798:
2790:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2765:on 6 July 2018.
2762:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2734:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2694:Hays, Jeffrey.
2693:
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2320:
2295:Their children
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2254:
2234:
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2213:
2198:
2196:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2040:
1994:Reference style
1977:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1895:royal cremation
1854:
1826:
1758:
1733:
1712:
1697:
1662:
1628:bedtime prayers
1580:
1493:
1448:
1409:
1365:
1325:
1247:
1217:
1182:
1162:Pridi Banomyong
1150:
1142:Thai government
1117:
1089:
1071:in Pully, near
1035:King Vajiravudh
1020:
967:Debsirin School
936:
924:Simmons College
879:King Vajiravudh
847:
747:
745:Nursing student
689:Phra Aphai Mani
676:Wat Anongkharam
654:
591:Galyani Vadhana
557:Sangwan Talapat
551:Si Nakharinthra
482:(by marriage) (
469:
452:Galyani Vadhana
439:
438:
430:
414:
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387:
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354:
353:21 October 1900
348:
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344:Sangwan Talapat
336:
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273:
262:
256:
253:
216:"Srinagarindra"
210:
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154:
151:
141:Please help to
140:
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109:
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73:This article's
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3581:Mom (consorts)
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3528:
3523:
3521:Mahidol family
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3336:
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3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Khana Ratsadon
3305:
3304:
3299:
3297:Direk Jayanama
3288:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3265:Field Marshal
3257:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3250:Sarit Thanarat
3248:Field Marshal
3246:
3242:Field Marshal
3240:
3235:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3217:Thawi Bunyaket
3214:
3208:
3204:Field Marshal
3202:
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3062:
3061:
3055:
3052:Ananda Mahidol
3049:
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2918:
2917:
2905:
2904:External links
2902:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2849:Mother Told Me
2845:
2838:
2833:978-9747935172
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2459:nationthailand
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2383:28 April 1950
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2114:Member of the
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1989:
1981:
1980:
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1975:
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1968:
1956:
1953:
1853:
1850:
1825:
1822:
1763:slash-and-burn
1757:
1756:Sustainability
1754:
1732:
1729:
1711:
1708:
1696:
1693:
1661:
1658:
1585:Prince Mahidol
1579:
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1544:Arabica coffee
1505:Bhubing Palace
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1307:Bhubing Palace
1246:
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1210:Chakri Dynasty
1181:
1178:
1158:Ananda Mahidol
1149:
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1128:arrived late.
1116:
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1047:Chakri Dynasty
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705:, daughter of
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603:Vajiralongkorn
595:Ananda Mahidol
583:Chakri dynasty
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3231:Rear Admiral
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1371:
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1329:sewing circle
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667:descent from
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212:Find sources:
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190:This article
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155:February 2010
148:
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3348:
3347:
3308:Institutions
3307:
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3289:
3273:Phao Siyanon
3259:
3258:
3238:Pote Sarasin
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3107:(Pan Sukhum)
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2824:Busy Fingers
2823:
2816:Busy Fingers
2815:
2808:
2788:the original
2783:
2771:
2760:the original
2755:
2743:
2732:the original
2727:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2699:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2648:
2644:
2638:Busy Fingers
2637:
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2598:
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2587:
2583:
2579:
2567:. Retrieved
2563:
2554:
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2535:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2486:Thailand NOW
2485:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2458:
2449:
2354:(Rama VIII)
2332:Serireongrit
2319:11 July 1944
2030:
2027:Royal cypher
2005:Spoken style
1966:
1933:Rambai Barni
1930:
1919:
1914:
1899:Phra Merumas
1898:
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1888:Grand Palace
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1695:Horticulture
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1666:Busy Fingers
1665:
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1497:Doi Inthanon
1494:
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1419:provided to
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1190:Grand Palace
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1115:World War II
1110:
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1021:
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715:Dusit Palace
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530:
529:
440:
371:(1995-07-18)
369:18 July 1995
322:
296:
281:
263:
257:October 2016
254:
244:
237:
230:
223:
211:
199:Please help
194:verification
191:
161:
152:
133:
99:
93:October 2009
90:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3546:Thai nurses
3516:1995 deaths
3511:1900 births
3455:Vietnam War
3222:Seni Pramoj
3054:(Rama VIII)
3046:Prajadhipok
2671:Doitung.org
2313:6 May 1923
2252:Police rank
2222:Netherlands
1903:Sanam Luang
1710:Photography
1546:beans from
1198:Colt pistol
839:Connecticut
695:Sangsilchai
539:āļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļāļĢāļīāļāļāļĢāļē
460:(Rama VIII)
391:Sanam Luang
311:āļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļāļĢāļīāļāļāļĢāļē
147:introducing
3505:Categories
3420:Korean War
3349:Key events
3324:Coup Group
3048:(Rama VII)
3030:Key events
2967:1969â1995
2940:1982â1995
2705:25 January
2676:25 January
2569:25 January
2544:25 January
2516:15 October
2491:15 October
2465:15 October
2441:References
2374:(Rama IX)
1937:Vajiravudh
1846:Chiang Rai
1552:Costa Rica
1434:, back to
1132:school in
1031:palace Law
824:na Ayudhya
652:Early life
646:āđāļĄāđāļāđāļēāļŦāļĨāļ§āļ
634:hill tribe
605:(Rama X).
378:, Thailand
356:Nonthaburi
349:1900-10-21
227:newspapers
130:references
39:improve it
3090:Rama VIII
3060:(Rama IX)
2401:(Rama X)
2292:Marriage
2147:Rama VIII
1963:Styles of
1560:chestnuts
1556:macadamia
1363:Education
871:Cambridge
816:Singapore
680:Suksanari
669:Vientiane
630:āļŠāļĄāđāļāđāļāļĒāđāļē
622:Somdet Ya
517:Signature
466:(Rama IX)
45:talk page
3271:General
3260:Military
3198:General
3073:Rama VII
3024:Politics
2891:Doi Tung
2777:"Info C"
2749:"Info B"
2721:"Info A"
2422:See also
2135:Rama VII
2038:National
1830:Doi Tung
1783:Lausanne
1778:Doi Tung
1746:pÃĐtanque
1632:Sanskrit
1604:Lausanne
1564:Mulberry
1436:Thailand
1382:Thailand
1316:per diem
1275:Thailand
1267:Lausanne
1259:Thailand
1174:Thailand
1166:Bhumibol
1126:Thailand
1073:Lausanne
1056:(son of
1004:Lausanne
969:, while
845:Marriage
794:Thailand
765:(son of
593:, King
507:Religion
3125:Rama IX
2912:at the
2303:Spouse
2242:Admiral
2238:General
2205:Denmark
2174:Foreign
2159:Rama IX
2031:sor vor
1955:Honours
1839:Bangkok
1674:Le Ciel
1194:Bangkok
1041:. Thus
808:Bangkok
665:Laotian
572::
546::
480:Mahidol
429:
413:
409:
376:Bangkok
241:scholar
143:improve
3291:Others
3210:Major
2830:
2289:Death
2286:Birth
2219:
2202:
2185:
1731:Sports
1558:, and
1548:Brazil
1530:, and
1372:. The
1134:Geneva
1060:) and
730:Phraya
692:, and
499:Mother
491:Father
442:Detail
419:
399:Spouse
383:Burial
243:
236:
229:
222:
214:
132:, but
2959:First
2791:(PDF)
2780:(PDF)
2763:(PDF)
2752:(PDF)
2735:(PDF)
2724:(PDF)
2366:None
2363:None
2346:None
2300:Date
2283:Name
2276:Issue
2188:Japan
2157:King
2145:King
2133:King
2016:Ma'am
1913:, or
1907:Hindu
1606:when
1156:King
875:Latin
812:Kuala
806:left
475:House
436:Issue
427:)
415:(
411:
248:JSTOR
234:books
2828:ISBN
2707:2019
2678:2019
2571:2019
2546:2019
2518:2023
2493:2023
2467:2023
1893:The
1550:and
777:and
739:baht
709:and
684:Inao
642:Thai
626:Thai
614:Thai
570:RTGS
561:Thai
544:RTGS
535:Thai
425:1929
421:1920
366:Died
360:Siam
341:Born
220:news
1881:ICT
1837:in
1723:at
1534:of
1309:in
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203:by
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2656:^
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238:·
231:·
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153:(
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100:(
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55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
