1804:, and covered with plastic to prevent weed growth and erosion. Plants, usually obtained from northern nurseries, are planted through holes punched in this covering, and irrigation tubing is run underneath. Runners are removed from the plants as they appear, to encourage the plants to put most of their energy into fruit development. After harvesting, the plastic is removed and the plants are plowed into the ground. Strawberry plants produce more and better fruit when they are young. After a year or two, they decline. Replacing them annually improves yields and enables denser planting. However, this necessitates a longer growing season, for the plants to establish themselves. It also costs more to annually purchase plants, form new mounds, and cover them with (new) plastic.
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1979:
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1400:, lacking Fra a1, may be an option for strawberry allergy sufferers. Since they lack a protein necessary for normal ripening by anthocyanin synthesis of red pigments, the mature berries do not turn red like other cultivars. They ripen but remain white, pale yellow or "golden", appearing like immature berries; this also has the advantage of making them less attractive to birds. A virtually allergen-free cultivar named 'Sofar' is available.
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The harvesting and cleaning process has not changed substantially over time. As they are delicate, strawberries are still harvested by hand. Grading and packing often occurs in the field, rather than in a processing facility. In large operations, strawberries are cleaned by means of water streams and
1785:
company planning to launch gene-edited strawberries in the near future in an effort to make them more durable. In the U.S., as of 2021, it cost growers around $ 35,000 per acre to plant and $ 35,000 per acre to harvest strawberries, with more durable berries potentially reducing the rate of spoilage.
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Strawberries are often grouped according to their flowering habit. Traditionally, this has consisted of a division between "June-bearing" strawberries, which bear their fruit in the early summer and "ever-bearing" strawberries, which often bear several crops of fruit throughout the season. One plant
1274:
Purple minor pigments consisting of dimeric anthocyanins (flavanol-anthocyanin adducts: catechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, epicatechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, afzelechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside and epiafzelechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside)
550:
from eastern North
America to Europe in the 17th century is an important part of history because it is one of the two species that gave rise to the modern strawberry. The new species gradually spread through the continent and did not become completely appreciated until the end of the 18th century. A
1314:
are the chemical compounds having the strongest relationships to strawberry flavor, sweetness and fragrance, with a total of 31 out of some 360 volatile compounds significantly correlated to favorable flavor and fragrance. In breeding strawberries for the commercial market in the United States, the
484:) had 1,200 strawberry plants in his royal garden. In the early 15th century western European monks were using the wild strawberry in their illuminated manuscripts. The strawberry is found in Italian, Flemish, and German art, and in English miniatures. The entire strawberry plant was used to treat
1460:
Strawberry cultivars vary widely in size, color, flavor, shape, degree of fertility, season of ripening, liability to disease and constitution of plant. On average, a strawberry has about 200 seeds on its external membrane. Some vary in foliage, while others vary materially in the development of
1986:
Soil test information and plant analysis results are used to determine fertility practices. Nitrogen fertilizer is needed at the beginning of every planting year. There are normally adequate levels of phosphorus and potash when fields have been fertilized for top yields. To provide more organic
1974:
To maintain top quality, berries are harvested at least every other day. The berries are picked with the caps still attached and with at least half an inch of stem left. Strawberries need to remain on the plant to fully ripen because they do not continue to ripen after being picked. Rotted and
2111:
To increase consumer demand in the 21st century, commercial producers of strawberries cultivated them mainly for favorable aroma characteristics similar to those of wild strawberries, in addition to having large size, heart-shape, glossy red exterior, firmness, and slow ripening for long
3361:
Hirakawa, H; Shirasawa, K; Kosugi, S; Tashiro, K; Nakayama, S; Yamada, M; Kohara, M; Watanabe, A; Kishida, Y; Fujishiro, T; Tsuruoka, H; Minami, C; Sasamoto, S; Kato, M; Nanri, K; Komaki, A; Yanagi, T; Guoxin, Q; Maeda, F; Ishikawa, M; Kuhara, S; Sato, S; Tabata, S; Isobe, S. N. (2014).
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By the 16th century, references of cultivation of the strawberry became more common. People began using it for its supposed medicinal properties and botanists began naming the different species. In
England the demand for regular strawberry farming had increased by the mid-16th century.
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2336:
The plants can also develop disease from temperature extremes during winter. Watering strawberry roots, and not the leaves, is preferred as moisture on leaves encourages fungal growth. Strawberries may also often appear conjoined together or deformed due to poor pollination.
1854:
Strawberries may also be propagated by seed, though this is primarily a hobby activity, and is not widely practiced commercially. A few seed-propagated cultivars have been developed for home use, and research into growing from seed commercially is ongoing. Seeds
1807:
The other major method retains plants for multiple years. This is most common in colder climates. The plants are grown in rows or on mounds. This method requires lower investment and lower maintenance, overall. Yields are typically lower than in plasticulture.
2733:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1246:
and possess higher levels of this flavonoid than other fruits. Although achenes comprise only about 1% of total fresh weight of a strawberry, they contribute 11% of the total polyphenol in the whole fruit; achene phytochemicals include
625:
were produced, and they form the basis of modern varieties of strawberries currently cultivated and consumed. Further breeding was also conducted in Europe and
America to improve the hardiness, disease resistance, size, and taste.
3411:
Edger, Patrick P.; Poorten, Thomas J.; VanBuren, Robert; Hardigan, Michael A.; Colle, Marivi; McKain, Michael R.; Smith, Ronald D.; Teresi, Scott J.; Nelson, Andrew D. L.; Wai, Ching Man; Alger, Elizabeth I. (March 2019).
3819:
Giampieri F, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Mazzoni L, Romandini S, Bompadre S, Diamanti J, Capocasa F, Mezzetti B, Quiles JL, Ferreiro MS, Tulipani S, Battino M (March 2013). "The potential impact of strawberry on human health".
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is found in smaller proportions. Although glucose seems to be the most common substituting sugar in strawberry anthocyanins, rutinose, arabinose, and rhamnose conjugates have been found in some strawberry cultivars.
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273:. The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness. It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as
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and made several discoveries crucial to the science of plant breeding, such as the sexual reproduction of the strawberry which he published in 1766. Duchesne discovered that the female
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compounds, which improve the taste and fragrance of a ripe strawberry. Although often sweet tasting, strawberries actually have relatively low sugar levels compared to other fruits.
1315:
volatile compounds, methyl anthranilate and gamma-decalactone prominent in aromatic wild strawberries, are especially desired for their "sweet and fruity" aroma characteristics.
1517:
tennis tournament. Strawberries and cream is also a staple snack in Mexico, usually available at ice cream parlors. In Sweden, strawberries are a traditional dessert served on
2711:
2786:
Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M (January 2012). "The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health".
2128:, and are among the top fresh produce items in grocery revenues. One marketing analysis identified strawberries and other berries as a source of "happiness" for consumers.
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1987:
matter, a cover crop of wheat or rye is planted in the winter before planting the strawberries. Strawberries prefer a pH from 5.5 to 6.5, so lime is usually not applied.
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2873:
Vrhovsek, U.; Guella, G.; Gasperotti, M.; Pojer, E.; Zancato, M.; Mattivi, F. (2012). "Clarifying the
Identity of the Main Ellagitannin in the Fruit of the Strawberry,
1378:
studies indicate that the allergen may be tied to a protein for the red anthocyanin biosynthesis expressed in strawberry ripening, named Fra a1 (Fragaria allergen1).
4124:
Wang SY, Lin HS (November 2003). "Compost as a soil supplement increases the level of antioxidant compounds and oxygen radical absorbance capacity in strawberries".
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2500:
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Strawberries occur in three basic flowering habits: short-day, long-day, and day-neutral. These describe the day-length sensitivity of the plant and the type of
1490:, as well as dried and used in prepared foods, such as cereal bars. Strawberries and strawberry flavorings are a popular addition to dairy products, such as
551:
French excursion journeyed to Chile in 1712, which led to the introduction of a strawberry plant with female flowers that resulted in the common strawberry.
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1441:
503:. Instructions for growing and harvesting strawberries showed up in writing in 1578. By the end of the 16th century three European species had been cited:
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literature in reference to its medicinal use. The French began taking the strawberry from the forest to their gardens for harvest in the 14th century.
1862:
Strawberries can also be grown indoors in strawberry pots. Strawberries will not grow indoors in winter unless aided by a combination of blue and red
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5653:
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Wang SW.; Millner P. (2009). "Effect of
Different Cultural Systems on Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Content, and Fruit Quality of Strawberries (
3596:"Down-regulation of the strawberry Bet v 1-homologous allergen in concert with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in colorless strawberry mutant"
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2522:
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Archbold, D. D.; Hamilton-Kemp, T. R.; Barth, M. M.; Langlois, B. E. (1997). "Identifying
Natural Volatile Compounds That Control Gray Mold (
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621:, which produces large fruits, is so named because it resembles the pineapple in smell, taste and berry shape. In England, many varieties of
566:, the Chilean strawberry. At first introduction to Europe, the plants grew vigorously, but produced no fruit. French gardeners in Brest and
3087:
Schwieterman, M. L.; Colquhoun, T. A.; Jaworski, E. A.; Bartoshuk, L. M.; Gilbert, J. L.; Tieman, D. M.; Odabasi, A. Z.; Moskowitz, H. R.;
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rot, and leather rot. To prevent root-rotting, strawberries should be planted every four to five years in a new bed, at a different site.
3196:
Negri, Alfredo S.; Allegra, Domenico; Simoni, Laura; Rusconi, Fabio; Tonelli, Chiara; Espen, Luca; Galbiati, Massimo (11 February 2015).
3273:"Preferences for commercial strawberry drinkable yogurts among African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic consumers in the United States"
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were tested and benefited from the treatments, although there are large differences between the substance x variety effects. Strawberry
1186:(18% DV), and provides several other vitamins and dietary minerals in small amounts. Strawberries contain a modest amount of essential
321:
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2740:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
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424:
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Aaby, K; Skrede, G; Wrolstad, R. E. (2005). "Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities in flesh and achenes of strawberries (
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1975:
overripe berries are removed to minimize insect and disease problems. The berries do not get washed until just before consumption.
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1322:
are characteristics that may appeal to consumers, they are used widely in a variety of manufacturing, including foods, beverages,
5313:
4851:
Inamdar, Arati A.; Morath, Shannon; Bennett, Joan W. (2020). "Fungal
Volatile Organic Compounds: More Than Just a Funky Smell?".
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Strawberry plants can fall victim to a number of diseases, especially when subjected to stress. The leaves may be infected by
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1797:, or a perennial system of matted rows or mounds. Greenhouses produce a small amount of strawberries during the off season.
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The bulk of modern commercial production uses the plasticulture system. In this method, raised beds are formed each year,
2447:
Manganaris GA, Goulas V, Vicente AR, Terry LA (March 2014). "Berry antioxidants: small fruits providing large benefits".
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plants. This is when the
Europeans became aware that plants had the ability to produce male-only or female-only flowers.
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and, in general, distributed as either bare root plants or plugs. Cultivation follows one of two general models—annual
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4265:"COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 510/2006 'TRUSKAWKA KASZUBSKA' or 'KASZËBSKÔ MALËNA' EC No: PL-PGI-0005-0593-19.03.2007"
3493:
Patiwael, J. A.; Vullings, L. G.; De Jong, N. W.; Van
Toorenenbergen, A. W.; Gerth Van Wijk, R; De Groot, H (2010).
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of strawberries (300 pounds (140 kg) in California per acre) have led to the strawberry leading the list of
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1545:, and served as a dessert. In Italy, strawberries are used for various desserts and as a common flavoring for
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Wilson, D.; Goodall, A.; Reeves, J. (1973). "An improved technique for the germination of strawberry seeds".
1170:, and contain negligible fat (table). A 100 grams (3.5 oz) reference amount of strawberries supplies 33
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297:. Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in products such as confectionery, soap,
5580:
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Silva, Katchen Julliany P.; Brunings, Asha; Peres, Natalia A.; Mou, Zhonglin; Folta, Kevin M. (2015). "The
3093:"Strawberry flavor: Diverse chemical compositions, a seasonal influence, and effects on sensory perception"
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have been selected for consumption and for exhibition purposes. The following cultivars have gained the
1964:
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diversity of the garden strawberry. Adoption of perpetual flowering hybrids not sensitive to changes in
212:
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4013:
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4279:"HS1116/HS370: Nitrogen Fertilization of Strawberry Cultivars: Is Preplant Starter Fertilizer Needed?"
2152:, chafers, strawberry root weevils, strawberry thrips, strawberry sap beetles, strawberry crown moth,
1859:) are acquired either via commercial seed suppliers, or by collecting and saving them from the fruit.
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Hjernø K, Alm R, Canbäck B, Matthiesen R, Trajkovski K, Björk L, Roepstorff P, Emanuelsson C (2006).
3364:"Dissection of the octoploid strawberry genome by deep sequencing of the genomes of fragaria species"
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In 2019, world production of strawberries was nine million tons, led by China with 40% of the total.
3553:
Muñoz, C; Hoffmann, T; Escobar, N. M.; Ludemann, F; Botella, M. A.; Valpuesta, V; Schwab, W (2010).
3339:
2177:, is a bug species found in the United States (Arizona), Argentina and Chile. It is a vector of the
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that induces flower formation. Day-neutral cultivars produce flowers regardless of the photoperiod.
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368:) on the outside of the fruit is actually one of the ovaries of the flower, with a seed inside it.
361:
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310:
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3004:
Fossen, Torgils; Rayyan, Saleh; Andersen, Øyvind M (2004). "Dimeric anthocyanins from strawberry (
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Feldmann, Mitchell J.; Pincot, Dominique D. A.; Cole, Glenn S.; Knapp, Steven J. (19 March 2024).
515:. The garden strawberry was transplanted from the forests and then the plants would be propagated
443:
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from farms to stores nationwide for consumption within two weeks of harvest. In US and Canadian
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4720:"Exploiting Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Crops: From Molecular Dissection to Breeding"
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1881:) is the first Polish fruit to be given commercial protection under EU law. It is produced in
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2298:. This resistance includes resistance to anthracnose, powdery mildew, and angular leaf spot.
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Due to the relatively fragile nature of the strawberry, approximately 35 percent of the $ 2.2
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and cultivated selections from wild strawberry species were the common source of the fruit.
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3053:"Framing the perfect strawberry: An exercise in consumer-assisted selection of fruit crops"
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3913:"Strawberry production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)"
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confirms how compost plays a role in the bioactive qualities of two strawberry cultivars.
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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2823:"The structure, occurrence and biological activity of ellagitannins: a general review"
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In the United Kingdom, "strawberries and cream" is a popular dessert consumed at the
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582:, the Chilean strawberry would bear abundant and unusually large fruits. Soon after,
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4550:. Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, US Department of Agriculture. 1 April 2019
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3198:"Comparative analysis of fruit aroma patterns in the domesticated wild strawberries
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In the United States in 2017, the collective commercial production of strawberries,
1914:
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In addition to being consumed fresh, strawberries can be frozen or made into jam or
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are known to attack strawberries both directly and indirectly. These pests include
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269:, collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their
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3008:) consisting of pelargonidin 3-glucoside covalently linked to four flavan-3-ols".
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throughout a season may produce 50 to 60 times or roughly once every three days.
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5666:
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4398:"Fragaria × ananassa 'Cambridge Favourite' (F) strawberry 'Cambridge Favourite'"
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1840:
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342:), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.
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1870:, winter is the natural growing season and harvesting begins in mid-November.
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1815:. Plants grown in compost socks have been shown to produce significantly more
1801:
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cultivated the female strawberry species until 1551, when the Spanish came to
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1929:: Senga Sengana, Elsanta, Honeoye that have been graded as Extra or Class I.
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4595:"Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook | CFANS | University of Minnesota"
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billion industry dominated by the California growing and marketing company
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Strawberry biotechnology; In: Plant Breeding Reviews, Volume 21; chapter 4
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5777:
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3912:
3555:"The strawberry fruit Fra a allergen functions in flavonoid biosynthesis"
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2000:
1982:
Strawberries are usually picked and placed in shallow boxes in the field.
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3915:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (
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or matted row systems. Similar results in an earlier study conducted by
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4174:
3916:
2644:"Genetic gains underpinning a little-known strawberry Green Revolution"
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1832:
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409: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Li, Wei; Deng, Yiwen; Ning, Yuese; He, Zuhua; Wang, Guo-Liang (2020).
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4102:
3519:
3510:
2982:
2894:
2468:
2348:
5619:
3670:"G6135 Home Fruit Production: Strawberry Cultivars and Their Culture"
2275:
1918:
1906:
1902:
1856:
1790:
1771:
1705:
1661:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1507:
1386:
1343:
1294:
Sweetness, fragrance and complex flavor are favorable attributes. In
1191:
900:
520:
365:
155:
5886:
5632:
5446:
4906:) during Postharvest Storage of Strawberry, Blackberry, and Grape".
4779:
NPR1 gene confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in strawberry".
2581:
1283:
356:
fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's
5019:
562:
the land. In 1765, a European explorer recorded the cultivation of
5567:
3091:; Klee, H. J.; Sims, C. A.; Whitaker, V. M.; Clark, D. G. (2014).
2330:
2157:
2075:
1977:
1789:
For purposes of commercial production, plants are propagated from
1782:
1767:
1727:
1683:
1617:
1477:
1440:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1383:
1371:
1311:
1303:
1282:
708:
555:
525:
442:
336:
have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (
278:
270:
103:
5035:
1967:, both before and after harvesting, and often before planting in
1358:
to eating strawberries. The most common form of this reaction is
3494:
2153:
2145:
2141:
1089:
5554:
5450:
5065:
5061:
1781:
billion United States crop was spoiled in 2020. This led to an
1770:, led by China with 35% of the total and the United States and
4523:"Fragaria × ananassa 'Symphony' PBR (F) strawberry 'Symphony'"
2042:
1537:, strawberries may be sprinkled with sugar and then dipped in
738:
645:
gave higher yields and expansion of production in California.
378:
282:
3721:"10 facts about Florida strawberries that might surprise you"
3748:. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp. 139–79.
2039:
1290:
is an important component of the fragrance of strawberries.
4498:"Fragaria × ananassa 'Rhapsody' (F) strawberry 'Rhapsody'"
3940:"US companies announce plans for gene-edited strawberries"
2704:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
3414:"Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome"
2160:, and others. The caterpillars of a number of species of
2033:
1346:
sequence of the garden strawberry was published in 2019.
495:
The combination of strawberries and cream was created by
4448:"Fragaria × ananassa 'Honeoye' (F) strawberry 'Honeoye'"
3313:"How Flavor Chemists Make Your Food So Addictively Good"
345:
From a botanical point of view, the strawberry is not a
3495:"Occupational allergy in strawberry greenhouse workers"
1999:
Strawberries are popular in home gardens, and numerous
1461:
their sexual organs. In most cases, the flowers appear
462:, France, during the late 18th century. Prior to this,
5052:
Demonstration of strawberry growth lifecycle timelapse
3271:
Thompson, J. L.; Lopetcharat, K; Drake, M. A. (2007).
2325:
these volatiles, and does so more rapidly than either
1374:, and, in severe cases, may cause breathing problems.
1298:
and farming, emphasis is placed on sugars, acids, and
3888:"Japan has engineered a popsicle that "doesn't melt""
3700:"Proper Cultivation Yields Strawberry Fields Forever"
2918:"Fisetin: a dietary antioxidant for health promotion"
2051:
2036:
1465:
in structure, but function as either male or female.
4622:"Strawberries are Now the Most Contaminated Produce"
4597:. Ipmworld.umn.edu. 20 November 2009. Archived from
4423:"Fragaria × ananassa 'Hapil' (F) strawberry 'Hapil'"
2607:"Wimbledon's strawberries and cream has Tudor roots"
2236:. The crown and roots may fall victim to red stele,
2196:'s "Dirty Dozen" of pesticide-contaminated produce.
570:
around the mid-18th century first noticed that when
5826:
5459:
5408:
5392:
5327:
5296:
5267:
5099:
4573:"Insect Pests of Strawberries and Their Management"
4234:"Strawberries in winter? Welcome to franken-season"
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
2827:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria
2248:. The fruits are subject to damage from gray mold (
2124:, fresh strawberries are typically sold in plastic
2080:
Fresh strawberries being sold in plastic containers
2030:
2027:
1941:
Strawberry field in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
1744:
1717:
1695:
1673:
1651:
1629:
1607:
1599:
1589:
1125:
1113:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1010:
997:
976:
955:
942:
929:
916:
899:
883:
866:
849:
832:
815:
794:
759:
735:
717:
707:
691:
677:
672:
4958:Davis, Julie Bawden (2009). "Strawberry Success".
4343:"Commercial Postharvest Handling of Strawberries (
4281:. Edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 6 August 2007. Archived from
4232:
4197:
2821:Lipińska L, Klewicka E, Sójka M (September 2014).
2737:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
4843:
4841:
4839:
4795:International Society for Transgenic Technologies
3976:. Ag.ohio-state.edu. 28 June 2002. Archived from
2916:Khan N, Syed DN, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H (July 2013).
2625:The strawberry; history, breeding, and physiology
2108:billion market of which 82% was for fresh fruit.
1762:In 2022, world production of strawberries was 9.6
988:
806:
454:'Gariguette,' a cultivar grown in southern France
3499:International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
2781:
2779:
2777:
2631:. New York Holt Rinehart and Winstonrived. 1966.
3974:"Strawberry Plasticulture Offers Sweet Rewards"
2168:is known to be a pest of the strawberry plant.
4567:
4565:
4323:"Production Guide for Commercial Strawberries"
4220:Strawberries grown indoors in strawberry pots.
2449:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
1925:. Only the following varieties may be sold as
1562:extracted from strawberries have been used in
1389:and apple, suggesting that people may develop
673:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
364:that holds the ovaries. Each apparent "seed" (
5077:
3340:"2014 Flavor Trends: Yogurt's Fruitful Union"
1266:is the major anthocyanin in strawberries and
8:
4710:
4708:
4204:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p.
3664:
3662:
2566:"The Meaning of Strawberries in Shakespeare"
2164:feed on strawberry plants. For example, the
658:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4337:
4335:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
2601:
2599:
2377:(strawberry-shaped candy popular in France)
2309:and found all effective against gray mold (
5447:
5084:
5070:
5062:
4909:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
4127:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
4090:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
4007:"Strawberry Production Basics: Matted Row"
3165:"How Driscoll's reinvented the strawberry"
2971:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2883:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2700:United States Food and Drug Administration
2618:
2616:
2104:. In 2017, strawberries alone were a $ 3.5
776:
657:
72:
58:
42:
4741:
4473:"Fragaria 'Pegasus' strawberry 'Pegasus'"
3693:
3691:
3611:
3570:
3518:
3474:. California Pacific Medical Center. 2013
3447:
3429:
3387:
3288:
3247:
3229:
3126:
3116:
3068:
2941:
2838:
2675:
2476:
458:The first garden strawberry was grown in
425:Learn how and when to remove this message
4052:
4050:
4048:
3672:. University of Missouri. Archived from
3548:
3546:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
2516:
2514:
2404:(winter strawberry capital of the world)
1963:Most strawberry plants are now fed with
1774:as other significant producers (table).
1202:Garden strawberries contain a number of
594:plants could only be pollinated by male
304:The garden strawberry was first bred in
4575:. Virginiafruit.ento.vt.edu. 3 May 2000
3082:
3080:
2868:
2866:
2439:
1931:
3315:. io9. 8 November 2012. Archived from
2538:
2536:
1953:A field using the plasticulture method
1893:counties and in the municipalities of
1586:
1556:to add flavor and texture to a drink.
469:The strawberry fruit was mentioned in
308:, France, in the 1750s via a cross of
4743:10.1146/annurev-arplant-010720-022215
4376:. UK: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224.
4039:"Pritts Greenhouse Berried Treasures"
3742:Hokanson, S. C.; Maas, J. L. (2001).
3715:
3713:
3645:"The chemistry of strawberry allergy"
2501:"Strawberry, The Maiden With Runners"
554:The Mapuche and Huilliche Indians of
30:For other species of strawberry, see
7:
5910:f5f5f6e3-7b19-45e3-a032-c42beea25498
5695:0f25a4a4-1ff1-4f25-9319-693e3732e119
3801:Fletcher, Stevenson Whitcomb (1917)
1214:. Other polyphenols present include
407:adding citations to reliable sources
4871:10.1146/annurev-micro-012420-080428
4653:. Extension.umn.edu. Archived from
4349:. Extension.umn.edu. Archived from
4012:. newenglandvfc.org. Archived from
1275:can also be found in strawberries.
1162:Raw strawberries are 91% water, 8%
5923:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60441588-2
5770:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30117681-2
3698:Sagers, Larry A. (15 April 1992).
3051:Colquhoun TA, et al. (2012).
2922:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
2714:from the original on 27 March 2024
2503:. Botgard.ucla.edu. Archived from
637:used selective breeding to expand
320:, which was brought from Chile by
25:
3938:Ridler, Keith (28 October 2021).
2546:. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
2179:strawberry mild yellow-edge virus
1843:than fruit produced in the black
1210:agrimoniin which is an isomer of
5432:
5431:
5314:California Strawberry Commission
5258:
5013:data from GRIN Taxonomy Database
4695:"All About Growing Strawberries"
4620:Scipioni, Jade (12 April 2016).
4267:. European Union. 18 April 2009.
4245:from the original on 25 May 2022
3163:Dana Goodyear (14 August 2017).
2370:California Strawberry Commission
2347:
2023:
1946:
1934:
1720:
1698:
1676:
1654:
1632:
1610:
664:
578:were planted in between rows of
383:
90:
3030:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.003
2762:from the original on 9 May 2024
1552:Fresh strawberries are used as
479:
394:needs additional citations for
314:from eastern North America and
4725:Annual Review of Plant Biology
3702:. Deseret News. Archived from
2525:. Nvsuk.org.uk. Archived from
1362:, but symptoms may also mimic
1:
4978:"Misshapen Strawberry Fruits"
4854:Annual Review of Microbiology
3886:Huang, Echo (2 August 2017).
3643:Idea TV GmbH (21 June 2005).
3472:"Children and food allergies"
5288:List of strawberry cultivars
3834:10.1080/14786419.2012.706294
3118:10.1371/journal.pone.0088446
2386:List of strawberry cultivars
1148:Percentages estimated using
301:, perfume, and many others.
4527:Royal Horticultural Society
4502:Royal Horticultural Society
4477:Royal Horticultural Society
4452:Royal Horticultural Society
4427:Royal Horticultural Society
4402:Royal Horticultural Society
4060:. Noble.org. Archived from
4058:"Strawberry Fields Forever"
2301:A 1997 study assessed many
2206:List of strawberry diseases
2005:Royal Horticultural Society
1521:'s Eve. Depending on area,
1445:Pollen grains of strawberry
1141:Link to USDA Database entry
544:F. sylvestris semperflorens
36:Strawberry (disambiguation)
5982:
5250:Fragaria × Comarum hybrids
4693:Pleasant, Barbara (2011).
3218:Frontiers in Plant Science
2668:10.1038/s41467-024-46421-6
2570:Studies in the Renaissance
2564:Ross, Lawrence J. (1960).
2360:
2203:
1873:The Kashubian strawberry (
1354:Some people experience an
1326:, perfumes and cosmetics.
683:136 kJ (33 kcal)
436:
29:
5429:
5256:
4918:American Chemical Society
4803:10.1007/s11248-015-9869-5
4673:Colorado State University
3865:"Strawberry Oatmeal Bars"
3754:10.1002/9780470650196.ch4
3431:10.1038/s41588-019-0356-4
3057:Journal of Berry Research
2800:10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.009
2391:List of strawberry dishes
2288:broad-spectrum resistance
1752:
1739:
1594:
1437:Strawberry growth (video)
1396:White-fruited strawberry
1318:As strawberry flavor and
1147:
1137:
1133:
1109:
1101:
972:
968:
790:
786:
779:
775:
755:
751:
731:
727:
687:
663:
218:
211:
87:Scientific classification
85:
80:
71:
66:
57:
45:
5319:Breeding of strawberries
5018:Thurber, George (1879).
4328:. Iowa State University.
4196:Hessayon, D. G. (1996).
3822:Natural Product Research
3647:. Innovations-report.com
3277:Journal of Dairy Science
2174:Chaetosiphon fragaefolii
1991:shaking conveyor belts.
1590:Top Strawberry producers
1334:Modern strawberries are
1264:Pelargonidin-3-glucoside
1206:, including the dimeric
1182:, DV), a good source of
588:breeding of strawberries
584:Antoine Nicolas Duchesne
439:Breeding of strawberries
5416:Outline of strawberries
5384:Little Scarlet preserve
5043:Encyclopædia Britannica
5027:The American Cyclopædia
3805:, Macmillan, New York,
3231:10.3389/fpls.2015.00056
2840:10.17306/j.afs.2014.3.7
2381:List of culinary fruits
2363:Outline of strawberries
2232:), and by a variety of
1959:Manuring and harvesting
1549:(gelato alla fragola).
1242:. Strawberries contain
1188:unsaturated fatty acids
1150:US recommendations
322:Amédée-François Frézier
5438:Category: Strawberries
5377:Strawberry rhubarb pie
5046:(11th ed.). 1911.
4982:University of Delaware
4306:"Growing Strawberries"
4200:The House Plant Expert
3863:Drummond, Ree (2011).
3613:10.1002/pmic.200500469
2544:Anatomy of seed plants
2226:(caused by the fungus
2218:(caused by the fungus
2171:The strawberry aphid,
2136:Around 200 species of
2081:
1983:
1965:artificial fertilizers
1811:Another method uses a
1527:strawberry rhubarb pie
1483:
1482:Strawberries and cream
1446:
1438:
1421:
1413:
1393:to all three species.
1382:proteins are found in
1356:anaphylactoid reaction
1291:
1174:, is a rich source of
1154:the National Academies
546:. The introduction of
531:
455:
34:. For other uses, see
5247:Intergeneric hybrids:
4669:"Strawberry Diseases"
4651:"Strawberry Diseases"
4372:Klein, Carol (2009).
3380:10.1093/dnares/dst049
3290:10.3168/jds.2007-0313
2934:10.1089/ars.2012.4901
2648:Nature Communications
2428:Strawberry generation
2398:(hautbois strawberry)
2190:industrial production
2118:ground transportation
2116:favorable to ship by
2079:
2015:'Cambridge Favourite'
2009:Award of Garden Merit
1981:
1500:strawberry milkshakes
1481:
1444:
1436:
1419:
1411:
1360:oral allergy syndrome
1286:
1255:, and ellagitannins.
781:Vitamins and minerals
529:
499:in the court of King
446:
5828:Fragaria chiloensis
5362:Strawberry ice cream
4311:. Purdue University.
3200:Profumata di Tortona
3070:10.3233/JBR-2011-027
2269:Arabidopsis thaliana
2220:Sphaerella fragariae
1995:Domestic cultivation
1533:are also common. In
1496:strawberry ice cream
1279:Flavor and fragrance
1268:cyanidin-3-glucoside
1240:hydroxycinnamic acid
605:Duchesne determined
486:depressive illnesses
403:improve this article
265:in the rose family,
255:) is a widely grown
5966:Symbols of Delaware
5721:Fragaria x ananassa
5495:Fragaria × ananassa
5421:Strawberry festival
4782:Transgenic Research
4374:Grow your own fruit
4085:Fragaria × aranassa
4064:on 26 November 2005
4041:. Hort.cornell.edu.
3338:Cassell, D (2014).
3319:on 11 November 2012
3109:2014PLoSO...988446S
3022:2004PChem..65.1421F
2660:2024NatCo..15.2468F
2609:. BBC. 9 June 2015.
2461:2014JSFA...94..825M
2402:Plant City, Florida
2229:Phomopsis obscurans
1875:Truskawka kaszubska
1600:Numbers in million
1566:, Japan, to create
1236:hydroxybenzoic acid
868:Pantothenic acid (B
660:
586:began to study the
519:by cutting off the
475:Charles V of France
317:Fragaria chiloensis
311:Fragaria virginiana
252:Fragaria × ananassa
5357:Strawberry delight
5037:"Strawberry"
5021:"Strawberry"
4920:(ACS): 4032–4037.
4797:(ISTT)): 693–704.
4285:on 21 January 2009
4175:10.1007/BF00022647
3980:on 19 January 2010
3803:Strawberry Growing
3778:"Strawberry Seeds"
3208:Regina delle Valli
2082:
1984:
1554:cocktail garnishes
1508:strawberry yogurts
1484:
1447:
1439:
1422:
1414:
1292:
1115:Other constituents
609:to be a hybrid of
540:F. sylvestris alba
534:Two subspecies of
532:
456:
81:Halved strawberry
5933:
5932:
5703:Open Tree of Life
5453:Taxon identifiers
5444:
5443:
5393:Pest and diseases
5232:F. × bringhurstii
4960:Organic Gardening
4926:10.1021/jf970332w
4699:Mother Earth News
4657:on 23 March 2009.
4383:978-1-84533-434-5
4304:Bordelon, Bruce.
4140:10.1021/jf030196x
4103:10.1021/jf9020575
3782:Strawberry Plants
3763:978-0-471-41847-4
3706:on 20 April 2007.
3572:10.1093/mp/ssp087
3511:10.1159/000260084
3342:. Food Processing
3006:Fragaria ananassa
2983:10.1021/jf048001o
2967:Fragaria ananassa
2895:10.1021/jf2052256
2879:Fragaria ananassa
2747:978-0-309-48834-1
2542:Esau, K. (1977).
2529:on 2 August 2008.
2469:10.1002/jsfa.6432
1760:
1759:
1434:
1412:Strawberry flower
1160:
1159:
1105:
1104:
538:were identified:
530:Strawberry leaves
464:wild strawberries
435:
434:
427:
243:garden strawberry
239:
238:
67:Strawberry fruit
16:(Redirected from
5973:
5926:
5925:
5913:
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5903:
5902:
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5889:
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5863:
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5685:NHMSYS0000458878
5675:
5674:
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5635:
5623:
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5610:
5609:
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5499:
5498:
5497:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5464:
5448:
5435:
5434:
5400:List of diseases
5304:George M. Darrow
5262:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5063:
5053:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5023:
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4904:Botrytis cinerea
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3989:
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3956:
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3952:
3945:Associated Press
3935:
3929:
3928:
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3585:
3584:
3574:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3522:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3433:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3233:
3193:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3160:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3120:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2945:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2842:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2783:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2561:
2555:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2444:
2423:Strawberry sauce
2357:
2352:
2351:
2308:
2307:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2251:Botrytis cinerea
2107:
2099:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
1950:
1938:
1927:kaszëbskô malëna
1879:Kaszëbskô malëna
1780:
1765:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1587:
1529:, or strawberry
1435:
1391:cross-reactivity
992:
904:
888:
871:
854:
837:
820:
810:
777:
668:
661:
631:Green Revolution
483:
482: 1364–1380
481:
430:
423:
419:
416:
410:
387:
379:
228:
225:
203:
95:
94:
76:
62:
43:
21:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5921:
5916:
5908:
5906:
5898:
5893:
5885:
5880:
5872:
5867:
5859:
5854:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5829:
5822:
5814:
5809:
5801:
5799:
5791:
5789:
5781:
5776:
5768:
5763:
5755:
5750:
5742:
5737:
5729:
5727:
5719:
5714:
5706:
5701:
5693:
5691:
5683:
5678:
5670:
5665:
5657:
5652:
5644:
5639:
5631:
5626:
5618:
5613:
5605:
5600:
5592:
5587:
5579:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5553:
5548:
5540:
5535:
5527:
5525:
5517:
5515:
5507:
5502:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5462:
5455:
5445:
5440:
5425:
5404:
5388:
5367:Strawberry milk
5352:Strawberry cake
5323:
5292:
5263:
5254:
5122:F. nilgerrensis
5095:
5090:
5051:
5034:
5017:
5002:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4901:
4850:
4846:
4837:
4833:
4774:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4649:
4648:
4635:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4601:on 26 June 2009
4593:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4481:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4246:
4239:The Independent
4231:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4134:(23): 6844–50.
4123:
4122:
4118:
4097:(20): 9651–57.
4082:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4056:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4019:on 3 April 2016
4016:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3828:(4–5): 448–55.
3818:
3817:
3813:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3559:Molecular Plant
3552:
3551:
3544:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3418:Nature Genetics
3410:
3409:
3405:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3283:(11): 4974–87.
3270:
3269:
3265:
3195:
3194:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3144:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3016:(10): 1421–28.
3003:
3002:
2998:
2977:(10): 4032–40.
2964:
2963:
2959:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2889:(10): 2507–16.
2872:
2871:
2864:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2785:
2784:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2748:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2582:10.2307/2857136
2563:
2562:
2558:
2541:
2534:
2521:Welsh, Martin.
2520:
2519:
2512:
2507:on 6 July 2010.
2499:
2498:
2494:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2418:Strawberry cake
2396:Musk strawberry
2365:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2305:wound volatiles
2303:
2302:
2283:
2263:
2262:
2208:
2202:
2184:The amounts of
2134:
2105:
2097:
2074:
2052:
2026:
2022:
1997:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1942:
1939:
1778:
1763:
1740:
1733:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1611:
1609:
1585:
1580:
1492:strawberry milk
1476:
1471:
1424:
1420:Achenes (seeds)
1406:
1352:
1332:
1281:
1261:
1251:, ellagic acid
1200:
1143:
1138:
1096:
1083:
1070:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1018:
1005:
993:
963:
950:
937:
924:
911:
902:
894:
886:
878:
869:
861:
852:
844:
835:
827:
818:
811:
782:
771:
766:
747:
742:
703:
698:
656:
651:
478:
441:
431:
420:
414:
411:
400:
388:
377:
235:
230:
223:
220:
207:
201:
89:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5979:
5977:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5938:
5937:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5914:
5904:
5891:
5878:
5865:
5852:
5836:
5834:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5816:wfo-0001005541
5807:
5797:
5787:
5774:
5761:
5748:
5735:
5725:
5712:
5699:
5689:
5676:
5663:
5650:
5637:
5624:
5611:
5598:
5585:
5572:
5559:
5546:
5533:
5523:
5513:
5500:
5485:
5469:
5467:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5442:
5441:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5372:Strawberry pie
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5274:
5272:
5265:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5243:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5217:
5216:
5213:F. cascadensis
5209:
5202:
5199:F. iturupensis
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5171:F. moupinensis
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5143:F. pentaphylla
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5108:F. daltoniana
5103:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5048:
5032:
5015:
5001:
5000:External links
4998:
4996:
4995:
4969:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4899:
4863:Annual Reviews
4847:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4772:
4734:Annual Reviews
4714:
4704:
4685:
4660:
4633:
4612:
4586:
4561:
4548:"Strawberries"
4539:
4514:
4489:
4464:
4439:
4414:
4389:
4382:
4364:
4353:on 8 July 2013
4331:
4314:
4296:
4270:
4256:
4224:
4214:
4188:
4153:
4116:
4075:
4044:
4030:
3991:
3958:
3930:
3904:
3878:
3867:. Food Network
3855:
3811:
3794:
3769:
3762:
3734:
3723:. 7 March 2016
3709:
3687:
3676:on 2 July 2017
3658:
3635:
3606:(5): 1574–87.
3586:
3542:
3485:
3463:
3424:(3): 541–547.
3403:
3353:
3330:
3304:
3263:
3181:
3169:The New Yorker
3142:
3076:
3043:
3010:Phytochemistry
2996:
2957:
2908:
2875:Fragaria vesca
2862:
2813:
2773:
2746:
2725:
2691:
2634:
2612:
2595:
2556:
2532:
2523:"Strawberries"
2510:
2492:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2361:Main article:
2359:
2358:
2342:
2339:
2292:transexpressed
2242:black root rot
2212:powdery mildew
2201:
2198:
2133:
2130:
2122:grocery stores
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2019:
2016:
1996:
1993:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1933:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1523:strawberry pie
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1463:hermaphroditic
1405:
1402:
1351:
1348:
1331:
1328:
1296:plant breeding
1280:
1277:
1260:
1257:
1232:phenolic acids
1204:phytochemicals
1199:
1198:Phytochemicals
1196:
1158:
1157:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
982:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
961:
959:
953:
952:
948:
946:
940:
939:
935:
933:
927:
926:
922:
920:
914:
913:
909:
907:
897:
896:
892:
890:
881:
880:
876:
874:
864:
863:
859:
857:
847:
846:
842:
840:
830:
829:
825:
823:
813:
812:
805:
800:
792:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
773:
772:
769:
767:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
743:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
715:
714:
711:
705:
704:
701:
699:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
681:
675:
674:
670:
669:
655:
652:
650:
647:
633:of the 1950s,
437:Main article:
433:
432:
415:September 2023
391:
389:
382:
376:
373:
339:Fragaria vesca
257:hybrid species
237:
236:
231:
216:
215:
209:
208:
197:
195:
191:
190:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
146:
145:
140:
133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
83:
82:
78:
77:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5978:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5853:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5825:
5817:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5784:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5722:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5465: ananassa
5458:
5454:
5449:
5439:
5428:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5342:Fraise Tagada
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5225:F. × ananassa
5222:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5206:F. virginiana
5203:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5192:F. chiloensis
5189:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5178:F. orientalis
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5022:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4984:. 16 May 2019
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4951:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4701:(248): 23–25.
4700:
4696:
4689:
4686:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4616:
4613:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4365:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4307:
4300:
4297:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4244:
4240:
4235:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4215:9780903505352
4211:
4207:
4202:
4201:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4079:
4076:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4015:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3931:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3879:
3866:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3735:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3646:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3565:(1): 113–24.
3564:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3486:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3374:(2): 169–81.
3373:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3354:
3341:
3334:
3331:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:(2): e88446.
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2928:(2): 151–62.
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2833:(3): 289–99.
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2729:
2726:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:0-471-24520-8
2549:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2455:(5): 825–33.
2454:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:Fraise Tagada
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2356:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2188:required for
2187:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:plasticulture
1966:
1958:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:plastic mulch
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1795:plasticulture
1792:
1787:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1640:United States
1628:
1621:
1619:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1418:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:carbohydrates
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
986:
983:
981:
980:
975:
971:
967:
960:
958:
954:
947:
945:
941:
934:
932:
928:
921:
919:
915:
908:
906:
898:
891:
889:
882:
875:
873:
865:
858:
856:
848:
841:
839:
834:Riboflavin (B
831:
824:
822:
814:
809:
804:
801:
799:
798:
793:
789:
785:
778:
774:
768:
765:
764:
758:
754:
750:
744:
741:
740:
734:
730:
726:
722:
720:
719:Dietary fiber
716:
712:
710:
706:
700:
697:
696:
695:Carbohydrates
690:
686:
682:
680:
676:
671:
667:
662:
653:
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
624:
620:
616:
615:F. virginiana
612:
611:F. chiloensis
608:
603:
601:
600:F. virginiana
597:
593:
592:F. chiloensis
589:
585:
581:
580:F. chiloensis
577:
576:F. virginiana
573:
569:
565:
564:F. chiloensis
561:
557:
552:
549:
548:F. virginiana
545:
541:
537:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Thomas Wolsey
493:
489:
487:
476:
472:
471:ancient Roman
467:
465:
461:
453:
449:
445:
440:
429:
426:
418:
408:
404:
398:
397:
392:This section
390:
386:
381:
380:
374:
372:
369:
367:
363:
360:but from the
359:
355:
352:
348:
343:
341:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
313:
312:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
259:of the genus
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
234:
229:
227:
226: ananassa
217:
214:
213:Binomial name
210:
206:
205:
204: ananassa
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:Tracheophytes
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
93:
88:
84:
79:
75:
70:
65:
61:
56:
53:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5956:Hybrid fruit
5946:Strawberries
5827:
5460:
5268:
5246:
5239:F. × vescana
5237:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5164:F. yezoensis
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5129:F. nipponica
5127:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5093:Strawberries
5041:
5025:
5010:
5006:
4986:. Retrieved
4981:
4972:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4913:
4907:
4903:
4858:
4852:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4729:
4723:
4698:
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4672:
4663:
4655:the original
4627:Fox Business
4625:
4615:
4603:. Retrieved
4599:the original
4589:
4577:. Retrieved
4552:. Retrieved
4542:
4530:. Retrieved
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4492:
4480:. Retrieved
4467:
4455:. Retrieved
4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4417:
4405:. Retrieved
4392:
4373:
4367:
4355:. Retrieved
4351:the original
4344:
4317:
4299:
4287:. Retrieved
4283:the original
4273:
4259:
4247:. Retrieved
4238:
4227:
4219:
4199:
4191:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4066:. Retrieved
4062:the original
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4014:the original
3982:. Retrieved
3978:the original
3949:. Retrieved
3943:
3933:
3921:. Retrieved
3907:
3895:. Retrieved
3891:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3858:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3802:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3781:
3772:
3744:
3737:
3725:. Retrieved
3704:the original
3678:. Retrieved
3674:the original
3649:. Retrieved
3638:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3562:
3558:
3505:(1): 58–65.
3502:
3498:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3466:
3421:
3417:
3406:
3371:
3368:DNA Research
3367:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3333:
3321:. Retrieved
3317:the original
3307:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3172:. Retrieved
3168:
3100:
3096:
3089:Folta, K. M.
3063:(1): 45–61.
3060:
3056:
3046:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2791:
2787:
2764:. Retrieved
2736:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2707:
2694:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2624:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2543:
2527:the original
2505:the original
2495:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2335:
2310:
2300:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2249:
2238:verticillium
2227:
2219:
2209:
2183:
2172:
2170:
2135:
2110:
2094:blackberries
2083:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1973:
1962:
1926:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1861:
1853:
1821:anthocyanins
1813:compost sock
1810:
1806:
1799:
1788:
1776:
1761:
1558:
1551:
1512:
1485:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1395:
1353:
1333:
1317:
1293:
1273:
1262:
1249:ellagic acid
1220:anthocyanins
1212:sanguiin H-6
1208:ellagitannin
1201:
1194:(seed) oil.
1178:(71% of the
1172:kilocalories
1161:
1119:
1114:
989:
984:
977:
807:
802:
795:
761:
737:
693:
628:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
604:
599:
595:
591:
579:
575:
571:
563:
553:
547:
543:
539:
535:
533:
512:
508:
504:
494:
490:
468:
457:
451:
447:
421:
412:
401:Please help
396:verification
393:
370:
344:
337:
333:
329:
315:
309:
303:
260:
251:
250:
246:
242:
240:
221:
219:
199:
198:
186:
149:
136:
123:
110:
51:
47:
40:
27:Edible fruit
18:Strawberries
5667:NatureServe
5615:iNaturalist
5489:Wikispecies
5185:F. moschata
5136:F. nubicola
4966:(5): 52–56.
4865:: 101–116.
4777:Arabidopsis
4736:: 575–603.
3204:F. moschata
2794:(1): 9–19.
2654:(1): 2468.
2576:: 225–240.
2478:11336/10615
2355:Food portal
2323:metabolizes
2296:F. ananassa
2281:A. thaliana
2234:slime molds
2224:leaf blight
2162:Lepidoptera
2150:fruit flies
2090:raspberries
2086:blueberries
2021:'Honeoye' (
1887:Kościerzyna
1841:citric acid
1745:World total
1578:Cultivation
1570:-resistant
1455:photoperiod
1366:or include
1340:chromosomes
1338:(8 sets of
1324:confections
1180:Daily Value
817:Thiamine (B
649:Composition
643:photoperiod
635:agronomists
629:During the
623:F. ananassa
619:F. ananassa
607:F. ananassa
596:F. moschata
572:F. moschata
509:F. moschata
245:(or simply
130:Angiosperms
46:Strawberry
5940:Categories
5887:60441588-2
5739:Plant List
5633:30117681-2
5526:Calflora:
5309:Driscoll's
5283:Strasberry
5269:Strawberry
5157:F. viridis
5115:F. iinumae
4605:5 December
4579:5 December
4532:20 January
4507:20 January
4482:20 January
4457:20 January
4432:20 January
4407:20 January
4289:5 December
4169:(2): 362.
3984:5 December
3951:29 October
3600:Proteomics
3520:1765/28314
2435:References
2327:blackberry
2311:B. cinerea
2279:, confers
2267:gene from
2204:See also:
2186:pesticides
2166:ghost moth
2126:clamshells
2114:shelf-life
2102:Driscoll's
2067:'Symphony'
2064:'Rhapsody'
1864:LED lights
1837:malic acid
1817:flavonoids
1732:0.33
1710:0.57
1688:0.64
1666:0.73
1644:1.26
1622:3.35
1583:Production
1560:Polyphenol
1380:Homologous
1368:dermatitis
1253:glycosides
1234:, such as
1218:, such as
1216:flavonoids
1051:Phosphorus
639:phenotypic
513:F. viridis
501:Henry VIII
362:receptacle
295:chocolates
291:milkshakes
247:strawberry
5847:Q50893122
5783:100355015
5744:rjp-38077
5581:242322784
5461:Fragaria
5337:Bubu Lubu
5278:Pineberry
5271:cultivars
4934:0021-8561
4895:221624018
4879:0066-4227
4811:0962-8819
4768:214600762
4752:1543-5008
4163:Euphytica
4087:Duch.)".
3897:14 August
3850:205838719
3440:1546-1718
3240:1664-462X
2788:Nutrition
2590:0081-8658
2408:Pineberry
2246:nematodes
2216:leaf spot
2096:was a $ 6
2072:Marketing
2061:'Pegasus'
2001:cultivars
1899:Wejherowo
1802:fumigated
1572:popsicles
1531:shortcake
1519:Midsummer
1515:Wimbledon
1504:smoothies
1488:preserves
1404:Varieties
1398:cultivars
1376:Proteomic
1364:hay fever
1336:octoploid
1320:fragrance
1228:flavonols
1224:flavanols
1184:manganese
1176:vitamin C
1064:Potassium
1038:Manganese
1025:Magnesium
957:Vitamin K
944:Vitamin E
931:Vitamin C
901:Folate (B
885:Vitamin B
851:Niacin (B
659:Nutrition
654:Nutrition
568:Cherbourg
517:asexually
354:accessory
351:aggregate
326:Cultivars
324:in 1714.
299:lip gloss
287:ice cream
222:Fragaria
194:Species:
100:Kingdom:
5951:Fragaria
5841:Wikidata
5832:ananassa
5800:VASCAN:
5778:Tropicos
5672:2.155542
5646:10995725
5516:BioLib:
5474:Wikidata
5409:See also
5347:Fraisier
5297:Breeders
5221:Hybrids:
5150:F. vesca
5011:ananassa
5007:Fragaria
4942:84686620
4887:32905756
4827:17663129
4819:25812515
4791:Springer
4760:32197052
4678:28 March
4345:Fragaria
4243:Archived
4183:26544785
4148:14582984
4111:20560628
3923:5 August
3871:27 March
3842:22788743
3787:2 August
3630:29423198
3622:16447153
3581:19969523
3537:31952236
3529:19940506
3478:27 April
3458:30804557
3398:24282021
3346:26 April
3323:26 April
3299:17954736
3258:25717332
3212:F. vesca
3137:24523895
3097:PLOS ONE
3038:15231416
2991:15884835
2952:23121441
2903:22339338
2849:24887944
2808:22153122
2760:Archived
2756:30844154
2718:28 March
2712:Archived
2702:(2024).
2686:38504104
2677:10951273
2487:24122646
2413:Pomology
2341:See also
2319:Chandler
2313:). Both
2256:rhizopus
2200:Diseases
1923:Kashubia
1895:Przywidz
1825:fructose
1766:million
1753:Source:
1646:(13.17%)
1624:(35.01%)
1564:Kanazawa
1474:Culinary
1330:Genetics
1308:terpenes
1300:volatile
1288:Furaneol
1120:Quantity
1045:0.386 mg
985:Quantity
979:Minerals
895:0.047 mg
879:0.125 mg
862:0.386 mg
845:0.022 mg
828:0.024 mg
803:Quantity
797:Vitamins
536:F. vesca
505:F. vesca
460:Brittany
452:ananassa
448:Fragaria
334:ananassa
330:Fragaria
306:Brittany
267:Rosaceae
262:Fragaria
233:Duchesne
200:F.
187:Fragaria
176:Rosaceae
172:Family:
143:Eudicots
52:ananassa
48:Fragaria
32:Fragaria
5793:7499625
5708:3904118
5594:3029912
5537:Ecocrop
5100:Species
5057:YouTube
4988:12 June
4554:26 June
3919:). 2024
3917:FAOSTAT
3651:9 March
3449:6882729
3389:3989489
3249:4324068
3174:26 June
3128:3921181
3105:Bibcode
3018:Bibcode
2943:3689181
2881:Duch".
2857:5223760
2766:21 June
2656:Bibcode
2457:Bibcode
2315:Tribute
2018:'Hapil'
1915:Łęczyce
1883:Kartuzy
1868:Florida
1857:achenes
1833:sucrose
1829:glucose
1791:runners
1755:FAOSTAT
1734:(3.45%)
1712:(5.96%)
1690:(6.69%)
1668:(7.63%)
1595:in 2022
1568:melting
1350:Allergy
1342:). The
1244:fisetin
1190:in the
1168:protein
1129:90.95 g
1097:0.14 mg
1019:0.41 mg
999:Calcium
951:0.29 mg
938:58.8 mg
918:Choline
763:Protein
560:conquer
521:runners
375:History
358:ovaries
349:but an
182:Genus:
166:Rosales
162:Order:
104:Plantae
5907:NZOR:
5900:837719
5861:222216
5790:uBio:
5752:PLANTS
5692:NZOR:
5555:245515
5509:219444
5480:Q13158
5436:
5329:Dishes
4940:
4932:
4916:(10).
4893:
4885:
4877:
4825:
4817:
4809:
4766:
4758:
4750:
4380:
4347:spp.)"
4249:7 June
4212:
4181:
4146:
4109:
3892:Quartz
3848:
3840:
3807:p. 127
3760:
3727:7 June
3628:
3620:
3579:
3535:
3527:
3456:
3446:
3438:
3396:
3386:
3297:
3256:
3246:
3238:
3224:: 56.
3206:) and
3135:
3125:
3036:
2989:
2950:
2940:
2901:
2855:
2847:
2806:
2754:
2744:
2684:
2674:
2588:
2550:
2485:
2276:AtNPR1
2244:, and
2240:wilt,
2158:aphids
2106:
2098:
2092:, and
2055:-ee-oy
1919:Cewice
1907:Szemud
1903:Luzino
1839:, and
1779:
1772:Turkey
1768:tonnes
1764:
1725:
1706:Mexico
1703:
1681:
1662:Turkey
1659:
1637:
1615:
1602:tonnes
1547:gelato
1543:brandy
1539:Metaxa
1535:Greece
1387:pollen
1344:genome
1312:furans
1310:, and
1304:Esters
1192:achene
1077:Sodium
1071:154 mg
964:2.2 μg
925:5.7 mg
770:0.67 g
713:4.89 g
709:Sugars
702:7.68 g
679:Energy
511:, and
366:achene
293:, and
156:Rosids
5961:Crops
5728:PFI:
5659:24630
5641:IRMNG
5620:55366
5568:FRAAN
5519:39824
4938:S2CID
4891:S2CID
4861:(1).
4823:S2CID
4789:(4).
4764:S2CID
4732:(1).
4357:5 May
4326:(PDF)
4309:(PDF)
4179:S2CID
4068:5 May
4023:5 May
4017:(PDF)
4010:(PDF)
3846:S2CID
3680:5 May
3626:S2CID
3533:S2CID
2853:S2CID
2629:(PDF)
2331:grape
2290:when
2284:'
2154:mites
2146:moths
2142:slugs
2138:pests
2132:Pests
1911:Linia
1891:Bytów
1866:. In
1783:Idaho
1728:Spain
1684:Egypt
1618:China
1384:birch
1372:hives
1259:Color
1166:, 1%
1126:Water
1058:24 mg
1032:13 mg
1006:16 mg
912:24 μg
746:0.3 g
556:Chile
347:berry
279:juice
271:fruit
150:Clade
137:Clade
124:Clade
111:Clade
5918:POWO
5895:ITIS
5882:IPNI
5869:GRIN
5856:APNI
5830:var.
5803:8762
5765:POWO
5757:FRAN
5731:8484
5716:PfaF
5654:ITIS
5628:IPNI
5602:GRIN
5589:GBIF
5563:EPPO
5542:1112
5529:9967
5504:APNI
4990:2020
4930:ISSN
4883:PMID
4875:ISSN
4815:PMID
4807:ISSN
4756:PMID
4748:ISSN
4680:2018
4607:2009
4581:2009
4556:2019
4534:2023
4509:2023
4484:2023
4459:2023
4434:2023
4409:2023
4378:ISBN
4359:2009
4291:2009
4251:2018
4210:ISBN
4144:PMID
4107:PMID
4070:2009
4025:2009
3986:2009
3953:2021
3925:2024
3899:2023
3873:2013
3838:PMID
3789:2016
3758:ISBN
3729:2018
3682:2009
3653:2013
3618:PMID
3577:PMID
3525:PMID
3480:2014
3454:PMID
3436:ISSN
3394:PMID
3348:2014
3325:2014
3295:PMID
3254:PMID
3236:ISSN
3176:2019
3133:PMID
3034:PMID
2987:PMID
2969:)".
2948:PMID
2899:PMID
2877:and
2845:PMID
2804:PMID
2768:2024
2752:PMID
2742:ISBN
2720:2024
2682:PMID
2586:ISSN
2548:ISBN
2483:PMID
2317:and
2265:NPR1
2261:The
1917:and
1889:and
1849:USDA
1748:9.57
1541:, a
1506:and
1469:Uses
1238:and
1230:and
1090:Zinc
1084:1 mg
1012:Iron
613:and
574:and
542:and
283:pies
241:The
5874:247
5811:WFO
5680:NBN
5607:244
5576:FoC
5550:EoL
5055:on
4922:doi
4867:doi
4799:doi
4738:doi
4206:146
4171:doi
4136:doi
4099:doi
3830:doi
3750:doi
3608:doi
3567:doi
3515:hdl
3507:doi
3503:152
3444:PMC
3426:doi
3384:PMC
3376:doi
3285:doi
3244:PMC
3226:doi
3123:PMC
3113:doi
3065:doi
3026:doi
2979:doi
2938:PMC
2930:doi
2891:doi
2835:doi
2796:doi
2708:FDA
2672:PMC
2664:doi
2578:doi
2473:hdl
2465:doi
2329:or
2294:in
2254:),
2222:),
2194:EWG
2053:HUN
2007:'s
1921:in
1877:or
1718:6.
1696:5.
1674:4.
1652:3.
1630:2.
1608:1.
1370:or
1043:17%
990:%DV
936:65%
808:%DV
739:Fat
723:2 g
598:or
405:by
328:of
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