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environment. These factors in general are the operating conditions, the threat, and the features of the ship itself. The operating conditions, such as sea state, weather and atmospheric conditions, vary considerably, and their influence is difficult to address (hence they are often not accounted for in survivability assessment). The threat is dependent on the weapons directed against the ship and weapon's performance, such as the range. The features of the ship in this sense include platform signatures (radar, infrared, acoustic, magnetic), the defensive systems on board, such as surface-to-air missiles, EW and decoys, and also the tactics employed by the platform in countering the attack (aspects such as speed, maneuverability, chosen aspect presented to the threat). Vulnerability refers to the ability of the vessel to withstand the short-term effects of the threat weapon. Vulnerability is an attribute typical to the vessel and therefore heavily affected by the vessel's basic characteristics such as size, subdivision, armouring, and other hardening features, and also the design of the ship's systems, in particular the location of equipment, degrees of redundancy and separation, and the presence within a system of single point failures. Recoverability refers to vessel's ability to restore and maintain its functionality after sustaining damage. Thus, recoverability is dependent on the actions aimed to neutralize the effects of the damage. These actions include firefighting, limiting the extent of flooding, and dewatering. Besides the equipment, the crew also has a vital role in recoverability.
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taught the most up-to-date developments in IED concealment, for example, or undertake tailored training that will enable them to identify the likely attack strategy of enemy forces. In addition, with expert, current threat intelligence, the most effective equipment can be procured or rapidly developed in support of operations.
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The expressed goal of "crew survivability" is to ensure vehicle occupants are best protected. It goes beyond simply ensuring crew have the appropriate protective equipment and has expanded to include measuring the overpressure and blunt impact forces experienced by a vehicle from real blast incidents
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are examples of such persistent and variable threats. Historically, measures taken to mitigate these hazards were concerned with protecting the vehicle itself, but due to this achieving only limited protection, the focus has now shifted to safeguarding the crew within from an ever-broadening range of
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The classical definition of naval survivability includes three main aspects, which are susceptibility, vulnerability, and recoverability; although, recoverability is often subsumed within vulnerability. Susceptibility consists of all the factors that expose the ship to the weapons effects in a combat
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Threat intelligence identifying trends, emerging technologies, and attack tactics used by enemy forces enables crews to implement procedures that will reduce their exposure to unnecessary risks. Such intelligence also allows for more effective pre-deployment training programs where personnel can be
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Survivability denotes the ability of a ship and its on-board systems to remain functional and continue designated mission in a man-made hostile environment. The naval vessels are designed to operate in a man-made hostile environment, and therefore the survivability is a vital feature required from
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The
European Survivability Workshop introduced the concept of "Mission Survivability" whilst retaining the three core areas above, either pertaining to the "survivability" of a platform through a complete mission, or the "survivability" of the mission itself (i.e. probability of mission success).
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There is no clear prioritisation of the three elements; this will depend on the characteristics and role of the platform. Some platform types, such as submarines and airplanes, minimise their susceptibility and may, to some extent, compromise in the other areas. Main Battle Tanks minimise
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For a given application, survivability must be qualified by specifying the range of conditions over which the entity will survive, the minimum acceptable level or post-disturbance functionality, and the maximum acceptable
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Don't be there. If you are there, don’t be seen. If you are seen, don’t be targeted/acquired. If you are targeted/acquired, don’t be hit. If you are hit, don’t be penetrated. If you are penetrated, don’t be
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in order to develop medical treatment and improve overall crew survivability. Sustainable crew survivability is dependent on the effective integration of knowledge, training, and equipment.
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them. The naval vessel's survivability is a complicated subject affecting the whole life cycle of the vessel, and should be considered from the initial design phase of every war ship.
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Recent studies have also introduced the concept of "Force
Survivability" which relates to the ability of a force rather than an individual platform to remain "mission capable".
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vulnerability through the use of heavy armours. Present day surface warship designs tend to aim for a balanced combination of all three areas.
104:, subsystem, equipment, process, or procedure to continue to function during and after a natural or man-made disturbance; for example a
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Lake, J., Warship
Survivability. Conference Proceedings of International Naval Technology Expo 80, Geneve, Sveitsi 1980, p. 28–50.
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Kotiranta, R., The
Assessment of Naval Vessel’s Survivability against Explosion in Air based on a 3-D Product Model, 2006, p. 1
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after a single engagement. Engineers working in survivability are often responsible for improving four main system elements:
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is the ability to remain alive or continue to exist. The term has more specific meaning in certain contexts.
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are likely to survive more successfully than others because of consequent changes to their surrounding
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316:“The capability of a system to fulfill its mission, in a timely manner, in the presence of attacks,
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Reese, R. et al., Operationally
Oriented Vulnerability Requirements in the Ship Design Process.
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Why the survivability onion should include
Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM)
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In the military environment, survivability can be defined as the ability to remain
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The
Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Survivability Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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being aurally and visually detected as well as detected by radar (by an observer).
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Recoverability - longer-term post-hit effects, damage control, and firefighting,
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such as attacks or large-scale natural disasters. Survivability is a subset of
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United States Air Force and NATO Report RTO-TR-015 AC/323/(HFM-015)/TP-1 (2001)
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face numerous lethal hazards which are both diverse and constantly evolving.
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Said, M., Theory and
Practice of Total Ship Survivability for Ship Design.
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Poster: Towards
Quantifying Metrics for Resilient and Survivable Networks
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Aerospace
Systems Survivability Handbook - Vol. 1 Handbook Overview
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14th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP 2006)
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Abdul Jabbar Mohammad, David Hutchison, and James P.G. Sterbenz "
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Dodge, Meghan N.; McKelvey, Robert F. (September 2013).
582:Survivable Network Systems: An Emerging Discipline
570:, Santa Barbara, California, USA, November 2006
403:. AIAA Education Series. pp. 2, 445, 603.
32:Risks to civilization, humans, and planet Earth
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16:Ability to remain alive or continue to exist
141:It has been suggested that this section be
203:, or (in extremis) escape and evacuation.
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631:Counter-Terrorist Threat Intelligence
614:SURVIVE Vulnerability Assessment Code
458:"Integrated Survivability Assessment"
215:A popular term is the "survivability
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608:RESIST Vulnerability Assessment Code
301:Definitions of network survivability
48:Following disruptive forces such as
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182:Susceptibility - the inability to
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339:List of system quality attributes
175:Detectability - the inability to
433:(Thesis). Monterey, California:
363: This article incorporates
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456:Guzie, Gary L. (1 April 2004).
376:General Services Administration
100:is the quantified ability of a
265:Radio Controlled IEDs (RCIEDs)
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465:U.S. Army Research Laboratory
219:"; described as 5-8 layers:
106:nuclear electromagnetic pulse
252:Improvised Explosive Devices
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435:Naval Postgraduate School
108:from the detonation of a
44:United Nations University
186:being hit (by a weapon).
148:Survivability (military)
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525:Naval Engineers Journal
500:Naval Engineers Journal
287:Prevention and training
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371:Federal Standard 1037C
365:public domain material
246:The crews of military
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201:capability restoration
399:Ball, Robert (2003).
384: (in support of
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648:Engineering concepts
36:Resilience (ecology)
263:threats, including
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192:- the inability to
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273:heat stress
94:engineering
88:Engineering
82:biophysical
642:Categories
602:Initiative
600:ResiliNets
547:ResiliNets
345:References
311:resilience
260:enemy fire
158:(May 2023)
26:Ecological
322:accidents
267:, blast,
194:withstand
658:Survival
328:See also
318:failures
254:(IEDs),
196:the hit.
124:Military
118:downtime
612:SURVIVE
307:threats
296:Network
224:killed.
153:Discuss
58:disease
606:RESIST
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275:, and
258:, and
102:system
76:, and
42:; and
623:SURMA
467:: 11.
461:(PDF)
367:from
320:, or
256:mines
229:Naval
217:onion
184:avoid
177:avoid
143:split
74:fauna
70:flora
64:, or
50:flood
598:The
545:The
486:help
405:ISBN
54:fire
629:HMS
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439:hdl
324:.”
313:."
151:. (
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