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1174:); Nicaragua; Honduras; El Salvador; Guatemala; Belize; Mexico; and eastern United States (from Texas to Connecticut). It is regarded as an artificially introduced species in Italy, Spain, Belgium and New York. In cultivation, they can be seen in warm temperate and subtropical climates around the world.
1105:
At higher latitudes, Liquidambars are among the last of trees to leaf out in the spring, and also among the last of trees to drop its leaves in the fall/autumn, turning multiple colors. Fall/autumn colors are most brilliant where nights are chilly, but some cultivars color well in warm climates.
1310:, water metabolism and urination, expels wind, and unblocks the channels. It is supposedly an ingredient in formulas for epigastric distention or abdominal pain, anemia, irregular or scanty menstruation, low back or knee pain and stiffness, edema with difficult urination, or nasal congestion.
1313:
In the fall/autumn, the trees drop their hard, spiky seedpods by the hundreds, which can become a serious nuisance on pavements and lawns. Some US cities have expedited permits to remove liquidambar trees.
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1114:
Species within this genus are native to
Southeast and east Asia, the western Mediterranean, and eastern North America. Countries and regions in which they occur are: Indonesia (
1723:
1937:
1976:
1254:
The wood is used for furniture, interior finish, paper pulp, veneers and baskets of all kinds. The heartwood once was used in furniture, sometimes as imitation
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when crushed. Their leaves can be many colors such as bright red, orange, yellow, and even purple. Mature bark is grayish and vertically grooved. The
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1950:
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1317:
In
Louisiana folklore, a sharpened stick from this tree can be used to wound a cryptid known as The Parlangua (a hybrid of man and alligator)
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1594:
1355:
842:
1466:
1433:
1496:
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1644:
1924:
1298:, or "all roads open," is the hard, spiky fruit of native sweetgum species. It first appeared in Chinese medical literature in
1662:
Svenning, Jens-Christian (July 2003). "Deterministic Plio-Pleistocene extinctions in the
European cool-temperate tree flora".
1367:
1955:
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and covered in numerous prickly, woody armatures, possibly to attach to fur of animals. The woody biomass is classified as
1963:
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31:
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351:. They are native to southeast and east Asia, the eastern Mediterranean and eastern North America. They are decorative
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1981:
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The hardened sap, or gum resin, excreted from the wounds of the sweetgum, for example, the
American sweetgum (
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arranged spirally on the stems and length of 12.5 to 20 centimetres (4.9 to 7.9 in), having a pleasant
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1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) diameter, pendulous on a 3–7 centimetres (1.2–2.8 in) stem. The
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1270:. The American sweetgum is widely planted as an ornamental, within its natural range and elsewhere.
1226:, which have served as a blockade against southward migration. It has also disappeared from western
1083:
2–4 centimetres (0.79–1.57 in) in diameter (popularly called a "gumball"), containing numerous
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2004:
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1206:(age range: 99.7 to 0.781 million years ago). The genus was much more widespread in the
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173:
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1279:), can be chewed on like chewing gum and has been long used for this purpose in the
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1302:
by Chen Cangqi, in 720 AD. Bitter in taste, aromatic, and neutral in temperature,
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due to climate change, and also from the unglaciated (but nowadays too cold)
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1730:. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007.
17:
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trees that are used in the wood industry and for ornamental purposes.
1916:
1491:. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 214–215.
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1724:"Highlights of American Chemical Society meeting in Atlanta"
1624:
Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 1985, 24 (3), pp 836–844
1307:
1461:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
363:
Both the scientific and common names refer to the sweet
347:
and has 15 species. They were formerly often treated in
1349:
Sweetgum fall foliage and seedpods, Brooklyn, New York
1767:
906:
1541:
1198:This genus is known in the fossil record from the
1306:is claimed to promote the movement of blood and
1055:trees, 25–40 m (82–131 ft) tall, with
1283:. The sap was also believed to be a cure for
8:
1361:Sweetgum seed pods in Michigan during winter
895:- Miocene (Washington state, North America)
1755:
1482:
1480:
1478:
123:
38:
1637:International Dendrology Society Yearbook
1583:Bensky, D; Clavey; Stöger, Erich (2004).
1170:); East Himalaya; Tibet; Turkey; Greece (
1218:in the north and the east–west oriented
1071:are small, produced in a dense globular
389:
1751:at University of Florida IFAS Extension
1607:Trees of Pennsylvania and the Northeast
1586:Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica
1384:
1324:
1262:. It is used widely today in flake and
1733:
1513:"Liquidambar Linnaeus 1753 (sweetgum)"
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1266:. Sweetgum is a foodplant for various
903:
1610:. Stackpole Books. pp. 160–162.
1459:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
1101:fruits on stem with seeds to the side
723:Oriental sweetgum or Turkish sweetgum
585:Chinese sweetgum or Formosan sweetgum
7:
2044:53ABBAC2-D79E-23C1-6C45-1944CD1F495A
1992:fb57a344-7628-4db0-a1f4-fdcdce9e4979
2126:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
2121:Cretaceous genus first appearances
2057:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30008300-2
1300:Omissions from the Materia Medica,
25:
1749:Liquidambar styraciflua: Sweetgum
1710:
1698:
1684:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00477.x
1542:Bensky, Clavey & Stöger 2004
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377:) exuded by the trunk when cut.
147:
30:For similarly-named topics, see
27:Trees in the Altingiaceae family
1630:"Tree of the year: Liquidambar"
1555:"Sunnyvale, CA - Tree Removal"
1373:Closeup on a sweetgum seed pod
1:
1628:Hsu, E.; Andrews, S. (2005).
32:Liquid Amber (disambiguation)
1487:Peterson, Lee Allen (1977).
1405:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1292:Traditional Chinese medicine
1134:; Vietnam; China (including
1016:
981:
946:
920:
1287:, weakness of nerves, etc.
1210:, but has disappeared from
339:, is the only genus in the
2152:
1403:Plants of the World Online
29:
1740:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1040:
1003:Cross-eye view
998:
963:
937:
911:
270:
263:
250:
243:
144:Scientific classification
142:
131:
122:
41:
1604:Fergus, Charles (2002).
968:Parallel view
803:Southeast Asia to China
1643:: 11–45. Archived from
1276:Liquidambar styraciflua
850:Liquidambar yunnanensis
817:Liquidambar styraciflua
644:Liquidambar multinervis
527:south China to Vietnam
424:central & southern
253:Liquidambar styraciflua
135:Liquidambar styraciflua
1336:Liquidambar orientalis
1281:Southern United States
1195:
1102:
942:Right frame
718:Liquidambar orientalis
613:Liquidambar gracilipes
436:Liquidambar cambodiana
2013:Paleobiology Database
1185:
1097:
916:Left frame
777:Liquidambar siamensis
580:Liquidambar formosana
486:Liquidambar chinensis
416:Liquidambar acalycina
1707:at Wikimedia Commons
1523:on December 13, 2021
1434:"USDA GRIN Taxonomy"
1234:. There are several
1079:is a woody multiple
1051:They are all large,
746:Liquidambar poilanei
2136:Saxifragales genera
1676:2003EcolL...6..646S
1166:; India (including
1128:Peninsular Malaysia
892:Liquidambar changii
877:, China to Vietnam
679:Liquidambar obovata
541:Liquidambar excelsa
520:Liquidambar chingii
455:Liquidambar caudata
1589:. Eastland Press.
1489:Edible Wild Plants
1196:
1103:
315:, commonly called
2103:
2102:
2000:Open Tree of Life
1761:Taxon identifiers
1703:Media related to
1617:978-0-8117-2092-2
1596:978-0-939616-42-8
1260:Circassian walnut
1214:due to extensive
1049:
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822:American sweetgum
308:
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16:(Redirected from
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2131:Ornamental trees
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1715:Data related to
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1559:sunnyvale.ca.gov
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1519:. Archived from
1509:
1503:
1502:
1484:
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1455:
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1448:
1446:
1445:
1436:. Archived from
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1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1400:"Liquidambar L."
1396:
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1346:
1331:
1232:Russian Far East
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635:southeast China
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421:Chang's sweetgum
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54:
47:Temporal range:
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1517:Fossilworks.org
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1186:Fossil leaf of
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1041:Seed pods from
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508:south China to
488:
396:Scientific name
388:
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341:flowering plant
337:American storax
300:
298:Semiliquidambar
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51:Late Cretaceous
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2093:wfo-4000021930
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1719:at Wikispecies
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1694:
1693:External links
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1670:(7): 646–653.
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1246:status today.
1242:, showing its
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1178:Fossil records
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1108:
1099:L. styraciflua
1059:3- to 7-lobed
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1228:North America
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1129:
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1116:Nusa Tenggara
1109:
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1073:inflorescence
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402:Distribution
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1640:
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1558:
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1537:
1527:February 27,
1525:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1516:
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1438:the original
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1402:
1335:
1316:
1312:
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1299:
1295:
1289:
1274:
1272:
1268:caterpillars
1253:
1239:
1197:
1187:
1113:
1110:Distribution
1104:
1098:
1050:
1042:
907:Stereo image
890:
867:
815:
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716:
677:
642:
611:
578:
546:
539:
518:
484:
453:
434:
414:
371:
362:
345:Altingiaceae
336:
333:satin-walnut
332:
328:
324:
323:in the UK),
320:
316:
311:
310:
309:
297:
289:
281:
273:
251:
245:Type species
230:
229:
220:Altingiaceae
210:Saxifragales
193:
180:
167:
133:
42:
36:
2116:Liquidambar
1912:iNaturalist
1799:Liquidambar
1793:Wikispecies
1769:Liquidambar
1717:Liquidambar
1705:Liquidambar
1334:Foliage of
1240:Liquidambar
1238:species of
1188:Liquidambar
1154:}; Taiwan;
1043:Liquidambar
900:Description
853: [
831:Connecticut
780: [
749: [
682: [
647: [
616: [
551: [
489: [
399:Common Name
312:Liquidambar
282:Cathayambar
231:Liquidambar
187:Angiosperms
43:Liquidambar
2110:Categories
1654:2017-10-26
1576:References
1564:2021-01-25
1444:2011-11-14
1304:lu lu tong
1296:lu lu tong
1216:glaciation
1204:Quaternary
1200:Cretaceous
873:southeast
833:, USA, to
726:southwest
290:Sedgwickia
132:Sweetgum (
1057:palmately
1053:deciduous
835:Nicaragua
592:, China,
588:Vietnam,
561:Indonesia
359:Etymology
353:deciduous
301:H.T.Chang
157:Kingdom:
2070:40007526
2065:Tropicos
1778:Wikidata
1736:cite web
1409:24 March
1285:sciatica
1256:mahogany
1224:Pyrenees
1208:Tertiary
1194:of Italy
1192:Pliocene
1152:Zhejiang
1132:Cambodia
1124:Sumatera
1089:hardwood
825:eastern
768:Vietnam
704:, China
670:, China
548:Rasamala
467:Zhejiang
445:Cambodia
365:resinous
321:star gum
317:sweetgum
274:Altingia
265:Synonyms
216:Family:
200:Eudicots
53:– Recent
18:Sweetgum
2080:4895099
1943:1077897
1930:19598-1
1891:3152823
1784:Q183543
1672:Bibcode
1321:Gallery
1202:to the
1164:Myanmar
1140:Guizhou
1081:capsule
1069:flowers
884:Fossils
668:Guizhou
510:Vietnam
381:Species
372:liquid
343:family
277:Noronha
226:Genus:
206:Order:
161:Plantae
2077:uBio:
2026:PLANTS
1989:NZOR:
1878:118701
1865:118701
1813:416344
1614:
1593:
1495:
1465:
1244:relict
1236:fossil
1212:Europe
1172:Rhodes
1148:Yunnan
1144:Hainan
1136:Fujian
1061:leaves
875:Yunnan
736:Greece
732:Rhodes
728:Turkey
702:Hainan
666:north
594:Taiwan
463:Fujian
329:redgum
293:Griff.
2039:Plazi
2031:LIQUI
2018:54637
2005:60642
1956:19026
1938:IRMNG
1917:49661
1852:1LIQG
1839:61124
1648:(PDF)
1633:(PDF)
1379:Notes
1190:from
1168:Assam
1156:Korea
1085:seeds
1077:fruit
1065:aroma
865:]
829:from
796:]
761:]
694:]
659:]
628:]
598:Korea
565:Tibet
555:]
501:]
471:China
426:China
393:Image
374:amber
335:, or
194:Clade
181:Clade
168:Clade
2052:POWO
1982:4398
1977:NCBI
1951:ITIS
1925:IPNI
1904:6882
1899:GRIN
1886:GBIF
1847:EPPO
1826:5FBY
1808:BOLD
1742:link
1641:2004
1612:ISBN
1591:ISBN
1529:2024
1493:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1411:2021
1250:Uses
1222:and
1220:Alps
1160:Laos
1120:Jawa
1045:tree
730:and
596:and
590:Laos
465:and
441:Sdey
58:PreꞒ
2088:WFO
1964:NBN
1873:FoC
1860:FNA
1834:EoL
1821:CoL
1680:doi
1290:In
1258:or
863:war
855:ceb
794:war
782:ceb
759:war
751:ceb
692:war
684:ceb
657:war
649:ceb
626:war
618:ceb
563:to
499:war
491:ceb
368:sap
325:gum
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1738:}}
1734:{{
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