920:. The WHO supports its use for severe illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in critically ill people who have been hospitalized. Oseltamivir's risk-benefit ratio is controversial. In 2017, it was moved from the core to the complementary list based on its lower cost-effectiveness. The Expert Committee did not recommend the deletion of oseltamivir from the EML and EMLc, recognizing that it is the only medicine included on the Model Lists for critically ill patients with influenza and for influenza pandemic preparedness. However, the Committee noted that, since the inclusion of oseltamivir on the Model List in 2009, new evidence in seasonal and pandemic influenza has lowered earlier estimates of the magnitude of effect of oseltamivir on relevant clinical outcomes. The Committee recommended that the listing of oseltamivir be amended, moving the medicine from the core to the Complementary List, and that its use be restricted to severe illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in critically ill hospitalized patients. The Expert Committee noted that WHO guidelines for pharmacological management of pandemic and seasonal influenza would be updated in 2017: unless new information is provided to support the use of oseltamivir in seasonal and pandemic outbreaks, the next Expert Committee might consider oseltamivir for deletion.
4772:
51:
4519:
663:
897:
1686:
966:
this review, clinicians and healthcare policy-makers should urgently revise current recommendations for use of the neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) for individuals with influenza." That is not utilizing NIs for prevention or treatment "Based on these findings there appears to be no evidence for patients, clinicians or policy-makers to use these drugs to prevent serious outcomes, both in annual influenza and pandemic influenza outbreaks."
973:(the originator) reject the conclusions of the Cochrane Review, arguing in part that the analysis inappropriately forms conclusions about outcomes in people who are seriously ill based on results obtained primarily in healthy populations, and that the analysis inappropriately included results from people not infected with influenza. The EMA did not change its labeling of the drug in response to the Cochrane study.
997:. The same review found that oseltamivir did not significantly increase the risk of adverse events. A 2016 systematic review found that oseltamivir slightly reduced the time it takes for the symptoms of influenza to be alleviated, and that it also increased the risk of "nausea, vomiting, psychiatric events in adults and vomiting in children." The decrease in duration of sickness was about 18 hours.
905:
1608:
1183:
42:
7502:
7490:
1077:
1556:
Three studies have found resistance in 0%, 3.3%, and 18% of subjects. In the study with the 18% resistance rate, the subjects were children, many of whom had not been previously exposed to influenza virus and therefore had a weakened immune response; the results suggest that higher and earlier dosing
1526:
The CDC found sporadic oseltamivir-resistant 2009 H1N1 virus infections had been identified, including with rare episodes of limited transmission, but the public health impact had been limited. Those sporadic cases of resistance were found in immunosuppressed patients during oseltamivir treatment and
1547:
From 2009 to 2014, oseltamivir resistance was very low in seasonal flu. In the 2010–11 flu season, 99.1% of H1N1, 99.8% of H3N, and 100% of
Influenza B remained oseltamivir susceptible in the US. In January 2012, the US and European CDCs reported all seasonal flu samples tested since October 2011 to
1126:
The US and EU package inserts for oseltamivir contain a warning of psychiatric effects observed in post-marketing surveillance. The frequency of these appears to be low and a causative role for oseltamivir has not been established. The 2014 Cochrane Review found a dose-response effect on psychiatric
965:
did not find evidence for benefits in people who are at risk, noting that "the trials were not designed or powered to give results regarding serious complications, hospitalization and mortality", as did a 2014 Cochrane Review. The
Cochrane Review further recommended: "On the basis of the findings of
1024:
review concluded that oseltamivir did not affect the need for hospitalizations, and that there is no proof of reduction of complications of influenza (such as pneumonia) because of a lack of diagnostic definitions, or reduction of the spread of the virus. There was also evidence that suggested that
1534:
While there is concern that antiviral resistance may develop in people with haematologic malignancies due to their inability to reduce viral loads and several surveillance studies found oseltamivir-resistant pH1N1 after administration of oseltamivir in those people, as of
November 2013, widespread
1092:
was 28 and for vomiting was 22. So, for every 22 adult people on oseltamivir one experienced vomiting. In the treatment of children, oseltamivir also induced vomiting. The number needed to harm was 19. So, for every 19 children on oseltamivir one experienced vomiting. In prevention there were more
1056:
As of 2017, the CDC does not recommend to use oseltamivir generally for prevention due to concerns that widespread use will encourage resistance development. They recommend that it be considered in those at high risk, who have been exposed to influenza within 48 hours and have not received or only
1670:
requested that
Congress fund US$ 1 billion for the production and stockpile of oseltamivir, after Congress had already approved $ 1.8 billion for military use of the drug. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, who was a past chairman of Gilead Sciences, recused himself from all government
1565:
In 2007, Japanese investigators detected neuraminidase-resistant influenza B virus strains in individuals not treated with these drugs. The prevalence was 1.7%. According to the CDC, As of 2019, transmission of oseltamivir-resistant influenza B virus strains—from persons treated with the drug—is
1502:
enzyme. A 2011 meta-analysis of 15 studies found a pooled incidence rate for oseltamivir resistance of 2.6%. Subgroup analyses detected higher rates among influenza A patients, especially the H1N1 subtype. It was found that a substantial number of patients might become oseltamivir-resistant as a
1064:
As of 2011, reviews concluded that when oseltamivir is used preventatively it decreases the risk of exposed people developing symptomatic disease. A systematic review of systematic reviews found low to moderate evidence that it decreases the risk of getting symptomatic influenza by 1 to 12% (a
1681:
won a case in India's court system allowing it to manufacture a cheaper generic version of
Tamiflu, called Antiflu. In May 2009, Cipla won approval from the World Health Organization (WHO) certifying that its drug Antiflu was as effective as Tamiflu, and Antiflu is included in the WHO list of
849:
have concluded that benefits in those who are otherwise healthy do not outweigh its risks. They also found little evidence regarding whether treatment changes the risk of hospitalization or death in high risk populations. However, another meta-analysis found that oseltamivir was effective for
1852:
1704:
to the
European Medicines Agency (EMA) provided Cochrane with reports from 16 Roche oseltamivir trials. In 2012, the Cochrane team published an interim review based on those reports. In 2013, Roche released 74 full clinical study reports of oseltamivir trials after GSK released the data on
1654:(EMA) approved oseltamivir phosphate for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. In 2003, a pooled analysis of ten randomised clinical trials concluded that oseltamivir reduced the risk of lower respiratory tract infections resulting in antibiotic use and hospital admissions in adults.
1017:, while three other reviews found a decreased risk. Together, published studies suggest that oseltamivir reduces the duration of symptoms by 0.5–1.0 day. Any benefit of treatment must be balanced against side effects, which include psychiatric symptoms and increased rates of vomiting.
1012:
have concluded that benefits in those who are otherwise healthy do not outweigh its risks. When the analysis was restricted to people with confirmed infection, the same 2014 Cochrane Review (see above) found unclear evidence of change in the risk of complications such as
944:(AAP) recommend the use of oseltamivir for people who have complications or are at high risk for complications. This includes those who are hospitalized, young children, those over the age of 65, people with other significant health problems, those who are pregnant, and
834:. Many medical organizations recommend it in people who have complications or are at high risk of complications within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection. They recommend it to prevent infection in those at high risk, but not the general population. The
1844:
1025:
oseltamivir prevented some people from producing sufficient numbers of their own antibodies to fight infection. The authors recommended that guidance should be revised to take account of the evidence of small benefit and increased risk of harms.
1538:
During the 2007–08 flu season, the US CDC found 10.9% of H1N1 samples (n=1,020) to be resistant. In the 2008–09 season, the proportion of resistant H1N1 increased to 99.4%, while no other seasonal strains (H3N2, B) showed resistance.
1134:
C in the United States and category B in
Australia, meaning that it has been taken by a small number of women without signs of problems and in animal studies it looks safe. Dose adjustment may be needed in those with kidney problems.
1661:
in
Southeast Asia in 2005. In response to the epidemic, various governments – including those of the United Kingdom, Canada, Israel, United States, and Australia – stockpiled quantities of oseltamivir in preparation for a possible
1530:
During 2011, a new influenza A(H1N1)2009 variant with mildly reduced oseltamivir (and zanamivir) sensitivity was detected in more than 10% of community specimens in
Singapore and more than 30% of samples from northern Australia.
869:. In the United States it is recommended for influenza infection during pregnancy. It has been taken by a small number of pregnant women without signs of problems. Dose adjustment may be needed in those with kidney problems.
1065:
relative decrease of 64 to 92%). It recommended against its use in healthy, low-risk persons due to cost, the risk of resistance development, and side effects and concluded it might be useful for prevention in unvaccinated
2042:
2038:
1127:
events. In trials of prevention in adults one person was harmed for every 94 treated. Neither of the two most cited published treatment trials of oseltamivir reported any drug-attributable serious adverse events.
1574:
As of 2013, H274Y and N294S mutations that confer resistance to oseltamivir have been identified in a few H5N1 isolates from infected patients treated with oseltamivir, and have emerged spontaneously in Egypt.
1503:
result of oseltamivir use, and that oseltamivir resistance might be significantly associated with pneumonia. In severely immunocompromised patients there were reports of prolonged shedding of oseltamivir- (or
3965:
2542:
The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert
Committee, 2017 (including the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 6th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children)
4926:
Karpf M, Trussardi R (March 2001). "New, azide-free transformation of epoxides into 1,2-diamino compounds: synthesis of the anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)".
322:
838:(CDC) recommends that clinicians use their discretion to treat those at lower risk who present within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection. It is taken by mouth, either as a pill or liquid.
4564:
3393:
Burch J, Corbett M, Stock C, Nicholson K, Elliot AJ, Duffy S, et al. (September 2009). "Prescription of anti-influenza drugs for healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
5063:
2666:
1453:
4434:
3948:
4982:
Yeung YY, Hong S, Corey EJ (May 2006). "A short enantioselective pathway for the synthesis of the anti-influenza neuramidase inhibitor oseltamivir from 1,3-butadiene and acrylic acid".
214:
2678:
1088:(ADRs) associated with oseltamivir therapy (occurring in over 1 percent of people) include nausea and vomiting. In adults, oseltamivir increased the risk of nausea for which the
1674:
In 2006, a Cochrane Review (since withdrawn) raised controversy by concluding that oseltamivir should not be used during routine seasonal influenza because of its low effectiveness.
1650:
In 1999, the FDA approved oseltamivir phosphate for the treatment of influenza in adults based on two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. In June 2002, the
1123:. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and body pain, followed by skin problems, were identified as the side effects most significantly reducing patient satisfaction on a drug review platform.
7567:
2976:
2712:
1709:
studies. In 2014, Cochrane published an updated review based solely on full clinical study reports and regulatory documents. In 2016, Roche's oseltamivir patents began to expire.
7248:
3800:"Increased detection in Australia and Singapore of a novel influenza A(H1N1)2009 variant with reduced oseltamivir and zanamivir sensitivity due to a S247N neuraminidase mutation"
277:
794:
6930:
1005:
In those who are otherwise healthy the CDC states that antivirals may be considered within the first 48 hours. A German clinical practice guideline recommends against its use.
993:
A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis found oseltamivir effective at treating the symptoms of influenza, reducing the length of hospitalization, and reducing the risk of
3743:
4635:
1599:
is about 1–3 hours and its active carboxylate metabolite has a half-life of 6–10 hours. More than 90% of the oral dose is eliminated in the urine as the active metabolite.
3944:
2807:
1033:
933:
3937:
3524:
Antipov EA, Pokryshevskaya EB (2019). "The effects of adverse drug reactions on patients' satisfaction: evidence from publicly available data on tamiflu (oseltamivir)".
2064:
1694:
6487:
1548:
be oseltamivir susceptible. In the 2013–14 season only 1% of 2009 H1N1 viruses showed oseltamivir resistance. No other influenza viruses were resistant to oseltamivir.
2139:
7438:
3976:
3070:
1093:
headaches, kidney, and psychiatric events. Oseltamivir's effect on the heart is unclear: it may reduce cardiac symptoms, but may also induce serious arrhythmias.
7542:
7165:
129:
5087:
1845:"ALEMBIC OSELTAMIVIR, ALEMVIR , ALEMZY , OSELEMBIC, OSELTAMIVIR AGH, OSELTAMIVIR AGHL, OSELTAMIVIR APPL , TAMIRAC (Alembic Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd)"
7243:
3592:
3119:
Qiu S, Shen Y, Pan H, Wang J, Zhang Q (2015). "Effectiveness and safety of oseltamivir for treating influenza: an updated meta-analysis of clinical trials".
750:
4356:
2335:"Use of neuraminidase inhibitors for rapid containment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual and household transmission studies"
6680:
4957:"The Synthetic Development of the Anti-Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu): A Challenge for Synthesis & Process Research"
4095:
3776:
3584:
1693:
In 2009, a new A/H1N1 influenza virus was discovered to be spreading in North America. In June 2009, the WHO declared the A/H1N1 influenza a pandemic. The
1481:
6925:
4089:
3972:
3919:
3897:
3857:
3772:
2889:
2002:
1029:
929:
835:
3350:
Dobson J, Whitley RJ, Pocock S, Monto AS (May 2015). "Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials".
6536:
4905:
Rohloff JC, Kent KM, Postich MJ, Becker MW, Chapman HH, Kelly DE, et al. (1998). "Practical Total Synthesis of the Anti-Influenza Drug GS-4104".
2008:
1395:
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180:
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7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7273:
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7208:
7203:
7188:
7183:
7175:
5124:
3901:
3879:
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3432:
2895:
1048:(AAP), and Roche (the originator) rejected the recommendations of the 2014 Cochrane Review to urgently change treatment guidelines and drug labels.
4554:
3822:
3303:"Oseltamivir and risk of lower respiratory tract complications in patients with flu symptoms: a meta-analysis of eleven randomized clinical trials"
1583:
As of 2013, two of 14 adults infected with A(H7N9) and treated with oseltamivir developed oseltamivir-resistant virus with the Arg292Lys mutation.
736:
6642:
3923:
3769:"Antiviral Drug Resistance among Influenza Viruses Guidance on the Use of Influenza Antiviral Agents (Current for the 2013–14 Influenza Season)"
1823:
7346:
4426:
3807:
7547:
7198:
6647:
5801:
3213:"Efficacy and Safety of Oseltamivir in Children: Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"
1041:
949:
917:
877:
4300:
7331:
7268:
6840:
845:
concluded that oseltamivir does not reduce hospitalizations, and that there is no evidence of reduction in complications of influenza. Two
2228:"The value of neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of seasonal influenza: a systematic review of systematic reviews"
7115:
6895:
6183:
5895:
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5446:
2969:
2700:
1400:
1959:
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7356:
7351:
7341:
7336:
7323:
7308:
7160:
7045:
6710:
6214:
945:
778:
InChI=1S/C16H28N2O4/c1-5-12(6-2)22-14-9-11(16(20)21-7-3)8-13(17)15(14)18-10(4)19/h9,12-15H,5-8,17H2,1-4H3,(H,18,19)/t13-,14+,15+/m0/s1
7557:
7278:
7228:
7193:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7135:
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7125:
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7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6987:
6787:
6782:
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6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6386:
6381:
6188:
5431:
4629:"WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and other Influenza Viruses Revised February 2010"
3732:
2970:"The use of antivirals for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza: PHE summary of current guidance for healthcare professionals"
2559:
1405:
1265:
1260:
884:
was approved in the US in 2016. In 2020, it was the 178th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3
770:
210:
6449:
5064:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: Important safety changes to the influenza drug Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) for oral suspension"
1591:
Its oral bioavailability is over 80% and is extensively metabolised to its active form upon first-pass through the liver. It has a
1350:
4628:
2446:"Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments"
1700:
From 2010 to 2012, Cochrane requested Roche's full clinical study reports of their trials, which they did not provide. In 2011, a
50:
7390:
7140:
6865:
6845:
6698:
6494:
4457:
4248:"Expanding horizons of shikimic acid. Recent progresses in production and its endless frontiers in application and market trends"
1410:
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6673:
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6081:
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4764:
2099:
1474:
1248:
978:
439:
307:
161:
3654:
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1789:
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6158:
6101:
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6051:
6046:
6041:
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6031:
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6001:
5996:
5991:
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5971:
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3487:
2742:
1701:
1226:
1204:
1045:
941:
2129:
1163:
on the surface of human cells that helps new virions to exit the cell, preventing new viral particles from being released.
3511:
1893:"Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir: an oral antiviral for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in diverse populations"
1666:
and there were worldwide shortages of the drug, driven by the high demand for stockpiling. In November 2005, US President
7480:
1120:
5117:
5093:
5069:
4328:
3624:
2706:
2672:
1612:
983:
554:
6275:
6193:
2612:
2493:
Agrawal R, Rewatkar PV, Kokil GR, Verma A, Kalra A (July 2010). "Oseltamivir: a first line defense against swine flu".
1415:
197:
6719:
6178:
5818:
4795:"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China"
1757:
1647:
in 1996. The drug has not been patent-protected in Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and several other countries.
1628:
1390:
642:
6091:
6086:
2070:
6666:
1467:
1105:
6621:
6236:
5011:
Tse N, Cederbaum S, Glaspy JA (October 1991). "Hyperammonemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation".
4386:"Impact of oseltamivir treatment on influenza-related lower respiratory tract complications and hospitalizations"
4367:
4083:
3768:
3739:
2638:
2537:
1651:
1516:
1058:
987:
175:
4728:
Savigny MR, Macintire DK (February 2010). "Use of oseltamivir in the treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis".
3598:
3164:"Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of regulatory and mortality data"
7552:
5421:
3062:
5102:
6689:
6578:
6464:
6434:
6429:
6323:
6128:
5850:
5806:
5558:
5110:
1385:
1365:
1144:
982:
recommended that all people admitted to intensive care units during influenza outbreaks with a diagnosis of
873:
270:
251:
6439:
1996:
1340:
7468:
7428:
6637:
6241:
6209:
6144:
5670:
5655:
5441:
5436:
4322:
3893:
3875:
3853:
3823:"Antiviral Therapy for Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Infection: Dosing, Combination Therapy, and Resistance"
2883:
1592:
1448:
1438:
1021:
385:
4663:
3428:
2039:"New and updated evaluations of neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza published"
841:
Recommendations regarding oseltamivir are controversial as are criticisms of the recommendations. A 2014
7537:
7527:
6219:
5617:
5612:
5426:
3829:
1596:
1148:
1089:
1085:
1037:
937:
631:
3915:
2294:"Effectiveness of oseltamivir in adults: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished clinical trials"
7532:
6229:
5416:
2346:
2239:
2179:
1815:
862:
819:
408:
2394:"Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only)"
7522:
6289:
6173:
5890:
3799:
1278:
896:
658:
468:
258:
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5843:
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4710:
4610:
4559:
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3375:
3144:
2854:
2604:
1689:
Marketing display used at festivals features a person living in a hermetically sealed environment
1632:
1443:
1333:
1290:
1131:
1109:
881:
225:
4482:
4481:
Jefferson TO, Demicheli V, Di Pietrantonj C, Jones M, Rivetti D (July 2006). Jefferson T (ed.).
1685:
5385:
3012:"Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children"
2829:
Kmietowicz Z (June 2017). "WHO downgrades oseltamivir on drugs list after reviewing evidence".
7562:
6444:
6373:
5931:
5885:
5768:
5308:
5028:
4999:
4943:
4893:
4824:
4745:
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4602:
4511:
4407:
4269:
4228:
4182:
4147:
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4024:
3714:
3469:
3410:
3367:
3332:
3283:
3234:
3193:
3136:
3101:
3041:
2945:
2846:
2800:"Tamiflu- oseltamivir phosphate capsule Tamiflu- oseltamivir phosphate powder, for suspension"
2596:
2555:
2510:
2475:
2423:
2374:
2315:
2267:
2197:
1922:
1718:
1644:
1520:
1241:
970:
956:
827:
823:
348:
335:
111:
4848:
4585:
Jefferson T, Doshi P (April 2014). "Multisystem failure: the story of anti-influenza drugs".
3446:
Jackson RJ, Cooper KL, Tappenden P, Rees A, Simpson EL, Read RC, et al. (January 2011).
1955:
1717:
There have been reports of oseltamivir reducing disease severity and hospitalization time in
611:
139:
7418:
6586:
6531:
6521:
6459:
6123:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5926:
5627:
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4737:
4694:
4594:
4536:
4501:
4493:
4397:
4259:
4220:
4174:
4165:
Hay AJ, Hayden FG (June 2013). "Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of H7N9 infection".
4137:
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4055:
4014:
3704:
3694:
3555:
3459:
3402:
3359:
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3031:
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2935:
2838:
2646:
2588:
2545:
2502:
2465:
2457:
2413:
2405:
2364:
2354:
2305:
2257:
2247:
2226:
Michiels B, Van Puyenbroeck K, Verhoeven V, Vermeire E, Coenen S (2013). Jefferson T (ed.).
2187:
1912:
1904:
1360:
1216:
1211:
1066:
679:
477:
367:
68:
4042:
Hatakeyama S, Sugaya N, Ito M, Yamazaki M, Ichikawa M, Kimura K, et al. (April 2007).
3448:"Oseltamivir, zanamivir and amantadine in the prevention of influenza: a systematic review"
3010:
Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Hama R, Thompson MJ, et al. (April 2014).
1697:(NICE), the CDC, the WHO, and the ECDC maintained their recommendation to use oseltamivir.
1182:
563:
543:
7494:
7464:
7408:
6559:
6543:
1726:
1722:
1636:
1620:
1221:
1199:
969:
The CDC, ECDC, Public Health England, Infectious Disease Society of America, the AAP, and
842:
395:
375:
2576:
3162:
Heneghan CJ, Onakpoya I, Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Hama R, et al. (May 2016).
2350:
2243:
2183:
662:
7506:
6298:
5905:
5812:
5752:
5562:
5331:
5136:
4888:
4863:
4819:
4794:
4506:
4467:
4142:
4117:
4044:"Emergence of influenza B viruses with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors"
4003:"Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and its potential for use in the event of an influenza pandemic"
3709:
3682:
3327:
3302:
3278:
3253:
3188:
3163:
3036:
3011:
2470:
2445:
2418:
2393:
2369:
2334:
2262:
2227:
1917:
1892:
1667:
5050:
4178:
3406:
3363:
7516:
6591:
6454:
5345:
4741:
3876:"Influenza (Flu) – Weekly Report: Influenza Summary Update Week 53, 2008-2009 Season"
3148:
2608:
1624:
1499:
1355:
1160:
1152:
1009:
846:
153:
5040:
4955:
Abrecht S, Harrington P, Iding H, Karpf M, Trussardi R, Wirz B, et al. (2004).
4614:
4281:
4194:
3567:
3379:
2858:
2103:
6601:
6224:
5900:
5727:
5722:
5692:
5666:
5651:
5641:
5478:
5400:
5298:
5249:
5219:
5148:
5144:
5140:
4714:
4540:
4497:
4462:
4118:"Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: antiviral action and mechanisms of resistance"
3646:
3027:
2764:
2409:
2134:
1781:
994:
290:
285:
4483:"Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults"
3494:
3132:
2734:
503:
4402:
4385:
2444:
Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Heneghan CJ (April 2014).
2359:
2252:
7456:
7403:
6606:
6333:
6316:
6118:
5773:
5747:
5742:
5702:
5697:
5661:
5646:
5636:
5581:
5549:
5487:
5468:
5460:
5318:
5273:
5268:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5179:
5157:
2924:"Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2014-2015"
2506:
2392:
Wang K, Shun-Shin M, Gill P, Perera R, Harnden A (April 2012). Harnden A (ed.).
1345:
1310:
1295:
1156:
1101:
904:
147:
4973:
4956:
4685:
Cohen D (April 2013). "Roche offers researchers access to all Tamiflu trials".
3464:
3447:
3211:
Malosh RE, Martin ET, Heikkinen T, Brooks WA, Whitley RJ, Monto AS (May 2018).
2667:"The FDA approves first generic version of widely used influenza drug, Tamiflu"
1607:
986:
receive oseltamivir until the absence of influenza infection is established by
6564:
6482:
6358:
6311:
6306:
5910:
5783:
5778:
5712:
5599:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5530:
5522:
5492:
5395:
5390:
5380:
5375:
5355:
5340:
5313:
5303:
5293:
5283:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5194:
5189:
5184:
4264:
4247:
3269:
1746:
1495:
1433:
1315:
1285:
1113:
712:
534:
265:
4060:
4043:
3699:
3616:
872:
Oseltamivir was approved for medical use in the US in 1999. It was the first
7413:
6616:
6611:
6391:
6350:
6343:
6338:
5866:
5737:
5707:
5577:
5572:
5517:
5503:
5360:
5350:
5288:
5166:
5133:
4879:
3546:
Cohen D (9 April 2014). "Oseltamivir: another case of regulatory failure?".
2310:
2293:
1706:
1527:
persons who developed illness while receiving oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis.
1504:
1320:
1305:
1253:
1192:
1174:
1097:
1014:
913:
831:
421:
133:
33:
5024:
5003:
4947:
4897:
4828:
4810:
4749:
4706:
4606:
4515:
4411:
4273:
4232:
4224:
4186:
4151:
4069:
4028:
3718:
3683:"Systematic review of influenza resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors"
3473:
3414:
3371:
3336:
3287:
3238:
3197:
3140:
3105:
3045:
2949:
2940:
2923:
2850:
2643:
World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
2600:
2514:
2479:
2427:
2378:
2319:
2271:
2201:
1926:
6658:
5032:
3229:
3212:
3097:
1997:"CDC Recommendations for Influenza Antiviral Medications Remain Unchanged"
5278:
4019:
4002:
3318:
2059:
1908:
1742:
1730:
1663:
1658:
1657:
Oseltamivir (as Tamiflu) was widely used during the H5N1 avian influenza
1378:
961:
866:
858:
854:
514:
192:
2651:
2550:
523:
41:
6526:
5732:
5370:
5365:
4849:"Is Bird Flu Drug Really So Vexing? Debating the Difficulty of Tamiflu"
3828:. National collaborating centre for infectious diseases. Archived from
1116:
489:
17:
7501:
4995:
4939:
4918:
4698:
4598:
4133:
3938:"Main surveillance developments in week 51/2011 (19–25 December 2011)"
3559:
3084:
Musher DM, Thorner AR (October 2014). "Community-acquired pneumonia".
2842:
2592:
2461:
2060:"Amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir for the treatment of influenza"
6396:
5717:
5687:
4793:
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. (March 2020).
3179:
1721:
infection. The drug may limit the ability of the virus to invade the
622:
459:)-5-amino-4-acetamido-3-(pentan-3-yloxy)-cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate
4323:"Drug Approval Package: Tamiflu (Oseltamivir Phosphate) NDA# 021087"
3429:"Drug Approval Package: Tamiflu (Oseltamivir Phosphate) NDA# 021087"
3063:"Researchers, regulators and Roche row over stockpiled drug Tamiflu"
2192:
2167:
4384:
Kaiser L, Wat C, Mills T, Mahoney P, Ward P, Hayden F (July 2003).
4211:
Farina V, Brown JD (November 2006). "Tamiflu: the supply problem".
3733:"Update on oseltamivir resistance to influenza H1N1 (2009) viruses"
1076:
591:
583:
6596:
2333:
Okoli GN, Otete HE, Beck CR, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS (9 December 2014).
2037:
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2 June 2014).
1684:
1678:
1606:
1075:
1057:
recently been vaccinated. They recommended it during outbreaks in
903:
895:
735:
726:
602:
400:
2564:. WHO technical report series;1006. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
1507:)-resistant virus, even after oseltamivir treatment was stopped.
861:, headache, and trouble sleeping. Other side effects may include
5328:
5259:
5170:
4427:"Oseltamivir-resistant H5N1 virus isolated from Vietnamese girl"
4001:
Ward P, Small I, Smith J, Suter P, Dutkowski R (February 2005).
1494:
The vast majority of mutations conferring resistance are single
850:
prevention of influenza at the individual and household levels.
574:
354:
329:
179:
170:
6662:
5839:
5106:
1631:; shikimic acid was originally available only as an extract of
1100:
and elevated liver enzymes, rash, allergic reactions including
342:
204:
187:
4655:
1535:
transmission of oseltamivir-resistant pH1N1 has not occurred.
98:
77:
3916:"2011-2012 Influenza Season Week 51 ending December 24, 2011"
3252:
Holzinger F, Beck S, Dini L, Stöter C, Heintze C (May 2014).
27:
Antiviral medication used against influenza A and influenza B
5835:
3617:"Tamiflu May Be Linked to Risk for Self-Injury and Delirium"
647:
316:
236:
71:
2884:"Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians"
92:
86:
2655:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
912:
Oseltamivir is used for the prevention and treatment of
880:
but was downgraded to "complementary" status in 2017. A
918:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
878:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
801:
7443:
3254:"The diagnosis and treatment of acute cough in adults"
2100:"IDSA Continues to Recommend Antivirals for Influenza"
1643:
Gilead exclusively licensed their relevant patents to
7478:
1958:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1061:
and in those who are significantly immunosuppressed.
74:
3681:
Thorlund K, Awad T, Boivin G, Thabane L (May 2011).
3676:
3674:
3672:
3514:
2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006.
1741:
Oseltamivir has been deemed ineffective at treating
95:
83:
7389:
7322:
7259:
7174:
6986:
6796:
6718:
6709:
6630:
6577:
6552:
6514:
6507:
6473:
6420:
6409:
6372:
6297:
6288:
6268:
6259:
6202:
6166:
6157:
6137:
6109:
6100:
5955:
5919:
5873:
5761:
5680:
5626:
5598:
5591:
5501:
5477:
5459:
5409:
5327:
5258:
5165:
5156:
4084:"Antiviral Drug Resistance among Influenza Viruses"
3966:"CDC Influenza Division Key Points, March 28, 2014"
1956:"Oseltamivir Phosphate Monograph for Professionals"
1523:tested worldwide showed resistance to oseltamivir.
1112:, seizure, confusion, aggravation of diabetes, and
724:
711:
678:
673:
641:
621:
601:
573:
553:
533:
513:
488:
467:
430:
420:
407:
394:
384:
374:
366:
306:
301:
276:
264:
250:
224:
160:
146:
128:
120:
110:
89:
80:
62:
57:
5049:
3945:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2922:Committee On Infectious Diseases (November 2014).
1635:; but by 2006, 30% of the supply was manufactured
1034:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
934:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
916:caused by influenza A and B viruses. It is on the
426:Urine (>90% as oseltamivir carboxylate), faeces
4730:Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care
2065:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
1695:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
4769:Proceedings of the Western Veterinary Conference
4206:
4204:
2794:
2792:
2790:
502:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2123:
2121:
1498:residue substitutions (His274Tyr in N1) in the
476:
4650:
4648:
209:
7568:World Health Organization essential medicines
6674:
5851:
5118:
5088:"Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) Information"
3647:"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database"
3579:
3577:
3541:
3539:
3057:
3055:
2292:Ebell MH, Call M, Shinholser J (April 2013).
2161:
2159:
2157:
1475:
8:
4864:"Avian influenza virus infections in humans"
3526:International Journal of Medical Informatics
1809:
1807:
1782:"Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Use During Pregnancy"
1619:Oseltamivir was discovered by scientists at
1519:(WHO) reported 314 samples of the prevalent
196:
32:
4490:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4246:Rawat G, Tripathi P, Saxena RK (May 2013).
3488:"Roche – Doing now what patients need next"
3016:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2439:
2437:
2398:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
6715:
6681:
6667:
6659:
6511:
6417:
6294:
6265:
6163:
6106:
5858:
5844:
5836:
5595:
5162:
5125:
5111:
5103:
4961:CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry
4090:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3973:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3920:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3898:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3858:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3773:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2890:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2054:
2052:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2003:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1749:lacking influenza's neuraminidase enzyme.
1677:In December 2008, the Indian drug company
1482:
1468:
1170:
1030:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
930:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
836:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
661:
542:
49:
40:
4972:
4887:
4818:
4505:
4401:
4263:
4141:
4059:
4018:
4007:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
3708:
3698:
3463:
3326:
3277:
3228:
3187:
3035:
2939:
2650:
2549:
2469:
2417:
2368:
2358:
2309:
2261:
2251:
2191:
1916:
1897:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
562:
416:1–3 hours, 6–10 hours (active metabolite)
390:42% (parent drug), 3% (active metabolite)
4984:Journal of the American Chemical Society
7485:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4122:Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
3854:"2007–08 U.S. Influenza Season Summary"
2968:Public Health England (November 2014).
1768:
1173:
775:
755:
657:
522:
444:
152:
4456:Brownlee S, Lenzer J (November 2009).
4252:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
2963:
2961:
2959:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2577:"WHO downgrades status of oseltamivir"
1849:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1557:may be necessary in such populations.
1515:As of December 15, 2010, the
31:
6648:US influenza statistics by flu season
4437:from the original on 14 December 2014
3779:from the original on 13 February 2014
3627:from the original on 25 November 2011
3585:"Pediatric safety update for Tamiflu"
3301:Hernán MA, Lipsitch M (August 2011).
2898:from the original on 13 December 2014
2765:"Oseltamivir - Drug Usage Statistics"
2715:from the original on 30 November 2017
2645:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2544:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2142:from the original on 29 December 2014
1792:from the original on 9 September 2017
1042:Infectious Disease Society of America
950:Infectious Disease Society of America
758:CCC(CC)OC1C=C(CC(C1NC(=O)C)N)C(=O)OCC
630:
610:
138:
7:
7543:Drugs developed by Hoffmann-La Roche
4666:from the original on 21 January 2020
4116:McKimm-Breschkin JL (January 2013).
3975:(CDC). 28 March 2014. Archived from
3894:"2010-2011 Influenza Season Summary"
3749:from the original on 27 January 2011
2810:from the original on 28 October 2020
2073:from the original on 18 January 2017
2011:from the original on 18 January 2017
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
952:takes the same position as the CDC.
289:
5447:Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir
4765:"Treatment of Parvoviral Enteritis"
4337:from the original on 9 January 2020
4301:"Avian Flu Drugs: Patent Questions"
3810:from the original on 23 April 2014.
2775:from the original on 8 October 2022
1816:"Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir phosphate)"
1733:colonization and toxin production.
590:
582:
493:
6643:2017–2018 United States flu season
3258:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
2745:from the original on 18 March 2020
2681:from the original on 8 August 2016
1855:from the original on 18 March 2023
946:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
25:
6382:Live attenuated influenza vaccine
5432:Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir
4862:Wong SS, Yuen KY (January 2006).
4364:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
3657:from the original on 8 April 2014
3593:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2168:"Tamiflu report comes under fire"
2130:"Tamiflu: Myth and Misconception"
1682:prequalified medicinal products.
876:available by mouth. It is on the
7500:
7488:
4928:The Journal of Organic Chemistry
4907:The Journal of Organic Chemistry
4742:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00404.x
4641:from the original on 2013-10-27.
4555:"Cipla's anti-flu drug gets nod"
3954:from the original on 2012-06-10.
3926:from the original on 2013-05-17.
3904:from the original on 2012-01-25.
3882:from the original on 2011-10-20.
3864:from the original on 2011-10-20.
3435:from the original on 2014-04-16.
3073:from the original on 2015-09-24.
2982:from the original on 2014-12-08.
2045:from the original on 2014-11-02.
1962:from the original on 13 May 2016
1411:2015 United States H5N2 outbreak
1181:
696:
690:
67:
4775:from the original on 2021-08-28
4567:from the original on 2012-10-23
4525:from the original on 2021-08-28
4098:from the original on 2014-02-13
3395:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
3086:New England Journal of Medicine
2701:"Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs"
2615:from the original on 2023-04-29
2128:Brownlee S (19 February 2013).
1826:from the original on 2023-04-24
1570:H5N1 avian influenza "bird flu"
1155:enzyme. The enzyme cleaves the
979:New England Journal of Medicine
783:Key:VSZGPKBBMSAYNT-RRFJBIMHSA-N
5013:American Journal of Hematology
4541:10.1002/14651858.cd001265.pub3
4498:10.1002/14651858.CD001265.pub2
3615:Waknine Y (14 November 2006).
3028:10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4
2410:10.1002/14651858.CD002744.pub4
1820:Australian Product Information
1729:and decrease gastrointestinal
1702:freedom of information request
1671:decisions regarding the drug.
1096:Postmarketing reports include
1046:American Academy of Pediatrics
942:American Academy of Pediatrics
702:
684:
1:
6440:Russian flu (1889–1890)
5173:protease inhibitors (–previr)
4847:Pollack A (5 November 2005).
4425:Heiberg M (14 October 2005).
4390:Archives of Internal Medicine
4179:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61209-X
3512:Australian Medicines Handbook
3407:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70199-9
3364:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62449-1
3133:10.3109/23744235.2015.1067369
7548:Drugs developed by Genentech
5094:Food and Drug Administration
5070:Food and Drug Administration
5051:"The race to develop GS4104"
4403:10.1001/archinte.163.14.1667
4329:Food and Drug Administration
4307:. April 2006. Archived from
3307:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3217:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3168:Health Technology Assessment
2707:Food and Drug Administration
2673:Food and Drug Administration
2360:10.1371/journal.pone.0113633
2253:10.1371/journal.pone.0060348
1814:Roche Products Pty Limited.
984:community-acquired pneumonia
853:Common side effects include
814:, sold under the brand name
403:, to oseltamivir carboxylate
5048:Schneider RU (April 2001).
4357:"OseltamivirMedical Review"
3821:Downing M (November 2013).
2507:10.2174/1573406411006040247
1758:Oseltamivir total synthesis
1266:Seasonal flu vaccine brands
7584:
7454:
6215:Transmission and infection
4974:10.2533/000942904777677605
4458:"Does the Vaccine Matter?"
3465:10.1016/j.jinf.2010.10.003
1401:2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1
1106:toxic epidermal necrolysis
908:Oseltamivir dry syrup type
822:used to treat and prevent
674:Chemical and physical data
7452:
6696:
6495:Central Luzon H5N6 (2017)
6435:Influenza pandemic (1557)
6430:Influenza pandemic (1510)
5796:
4265:10.1007/s00253-013-4840-y
3742:(WHO). 15 December 2010.
3740:World Health Organization
3270:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0356
2639:World Health Organization
2538:World Health Organization
1652:European Medicines Agency
1613:François-Pierre Chaumeton
1517:World Health Organization
1059:long term care facilities
791:
766:
746:
435:
48:
39:
7558:Neuraminidase inhibitors
6537:2007 Australian outbreak
5559:neuraminidase inhibitors
5422:Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir
4061:10.1001/jama.297.13.1435
3700:10.1186/1471-2334-11-134
3452:The Journal of Infection
1891:Davies BE (April 2010).
1627:as a starting point for
1615:'s 1833 "Flore Medicale"
1121:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
1001:Otherwise healthy people
6690:2009 swine flu pandemic
6324:Neuraminidase inhibitor
4880:10.1378/chest.129.1.156
4431:University of Minnesota
3798:Hurt AC (9 June 2011).
3687:BMC Infectious Diseases
2166:Butler D (April 2014).
1511:H1N1 flu or "swine flu"
1416:2020–2022 H5N8 outbreak
1145:neuraminidase inhibitor
955:A systematic review of
888:million prescriptions.
874:neuraminidase inhibitor
271:Neuraminidase inhibitor
7469:Influenza-like illness
7011:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6638:Influenza-like illness
6307:Adamantane derivatives
5762:Multiple/Unknown/Other
5531:adamantane derivatives
5442:Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
5437:Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir
5025:10.1002/ajh.2830380213
4811:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
4225:10.1002/anie.200602623
3947:(ECDC). January 2012.
2941:10.1542/peds.2014-2413
2575:Ebell MH (July 2017).
1745:, consistent with the
1690:
1616:
1593:volume of distribution
1521:2009 pandemic H1N1 flu
1454:Vaccine reformulations
1449:Influenza-like illness
1396:2007 Australian equine
1110:abnormal heart rhythms
1086:adverse drug reactions
1081:
1022:Cochrane Collaboration
909:
901:
900:An oseltamivir capsule
6488:1989–1990 UK outbreak
6450:Asian flu (1957-1958)
5630:inhibitors (–trelvir)
5618:Peginterferon alfa-2b
5613:Peginterferon alfa-2a
5427:Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
4763:Macintire DK (2006).
4535:(Retracted, see
3651:Australian Government
3098:10.1056/NEJMra1312885
2735:"The Top 300 of 2020"
2311:10.1093/fampra/cms059
1903:(Suppl 2): ii5–ii10.
1688:
1610:
1595:of 23–26 litres. Its
1341:1889-1890 Russian flu
1149:competitive inhibitor
1090:number needed to harm
1080:A package of capsules
1079:
1038:Public Health England
976:A 2014 review in the
938:Public Health England
907:
899:
830:, viruses that cause
6968:United Arab Emirates
6455:Hong Kong flu (1968)
6247:Pandemic preparation
5417:Elbasvir/grazoprevir
5056:Neue Zürcher Zeitung
4333:. 24 December 1999.
2806:. 15 November 2019.
2069:. 25 February 2009.
1579:H7N9 avian influenza
863:psychiatric symptoms
820:antiviral medication
7434:2009 A/H1N1 vaccine
7239:Trinidad and Tobago
5334:inhibitors (–buvir)
5262:inhibitors (–asvir)
4593:(apr10 14): g2263.
4013:(Suppl 1): i5–i21.
3230:10.1093/cid/cix1040
3121:Infectious Diseases
2894:. 3 December 2014.
2495:Medicinal Chemistry
2351:2014PLoSO...9k3633O
2244:2013PLoSO...860348M
2184:2014Natur.508..439B
1851:. 5 December 2022.
1439:Influenza evolution
1351:1957-1958 Asian flu
1139:Mechanism of action
338:(Prescription only)
325:(Prescription only)
36:
7444:Tamiflu resistance
7399:Influenza pandemic
7209:Dominican Republic
6445:Spanish flu (1918)
6364:Baloxavir marboxil
6189:West Bengal (2008)
6124:1977 (Russian flu)
6119:1918 (Spanish flu)
5823:Never to phase III
5681:RNA pol inhibitors
5608:Interferon alfa 2b
5513:Baloxavir marboxil
5098:. 3 November 2018.
4854:The New York Times
4693:(apr04 3): f2157.
4656:"Tamiflu campaign"
4560:The Times of India
4128:(Suppl 1): 25–36.
4020:10.1093/jac/dki018
3554:(apr09 8): g2591.
3319:10.1093/cid/cir400
1909:10.1093/jac/dkq015
1691:
1633:Chinese star anise
1617:
1444:Influenza research
1356:1968 Hong Kong flu
1291:Baloxavir marboxil
1159:which is found on
1132:pregnancy category
1098:liver inflammation
1082:
1067:high risk persons.
957:systematic reviews
948:among others. The
910:
902:
116:Tamiflu, Ebilfumin
7476:
7475:
7439:Actions with pigs
7385:
7384:
6699:Outbreak timeline
6656:
6655:
6573:
6572:
6503:
6502:
6483:Fujian flu (H3N2)
6405:
6404:
6284:
6283:
6255:
6254:
6210:Genetic structure
6153:
6152:
5957:Influenza A virus
5896:Genome sequencing
5833:
5832:
5792:
5791:
5455:
5454:
5410:Combination drugs
5074:. 31 August 2011.
4996:10.1021/ja0616433
4940:10.1021/jo005702l
4919:10.1021/jo980330q
4913:(13): 4545–4550.
4805:(11): 1061–1069.
4699:10.1136/bmj.f2157
4599:10.1136/bmj.g2263
4213:Angewandte Chemie
4134:10.1111/irv.12047
3560:10.1136/bmj.g2591
3510:Rossi S, editor.
3431:. 30 March 2001.
3358:(9979): 1729–37.
3223:(10): 1492–1500.
2843:10.1136/bmj.j2841
2677:. 4 August 2016.
2593:10.1136/bmj.j3266
2462:10.1136/bmj.g2545
2007:. 10 April 2014.
1719:canine parvovirus
1492:
1491:
1143:Oseltamivir is a
809:
808:
737:Interactive image
643:CompTox Dashboard
358:
346:
333:
320:
240:
207:
190:
173:
16:(Redirected from
7575:
7505:
7504:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7484:
7357:Papua New Guinea
6716:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6660:
6587:Acute bronchitis
6512:
6465:Swine flu (2009)
6460:1977 Russian flu
6418:
6354:
6295:
6266:
6164:
6129:2009 (Swine flu)
6107:
5927:Orthomyxoviridae
5860:
5853:
5846:
5837:
5596:
5592:Multiple/general
5163:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5104:
5099:
5075:
5059:
5053:
5044:
5007:
4978:
4976:
4951:
4922:
4901:
4891:
4858:
4833:
4832:
4822:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4524:
4509:
4487:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4466:. Archived from
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4405:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4366:. Archived from
4361:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4297:
4286:
4285:
4267:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4173:(9885): 2230–2.
4162:
4156:
4155:
4145:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4022:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3970:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3942:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3827:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3804:Eurosurveillance
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3737:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3702:
3678:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3653:. 3 March 2014.
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3597:. Archived from
3589:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3521:
3515:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3493:. Archived from
3492:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3467:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3180:10.3310/hta20420
3159:
3153:
3152:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3069:. 9 April 2014.
3059:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3007:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2974:
2965:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2880:
2863:
2862:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2796:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2635:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2534:
2519:
2518:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2473:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2223:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2178:(7497): 439–40.
2163:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2106:on 24 April 2014
2102:. Archived from
2096:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1993:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1888:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1778:
1747:SARS-CoV-2 virus
1587:Pharmacokinetics
1484:
1477:
1470:
1406:2008 West Bengal
1361:1977 Russian flu
1346:1918 Spanish flu
1185:
1171:
924:High-risk people
887:
805:
804:
797:
739:
719:
704:
698:
692:
686:
666:
665:
651:
649:
634:
614:
594:
586:
566:
546:
526:
506:
496:
495:
480:
412:
356:
353:
344:
341:
331:
328:
318:
315:
293:
238:
235:
217:
206:
203:
200:
189:
186:
183:
172:
169:
156:
142:
105:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
53:
44:
37:
35:
21:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7553:Gilead Sciences
7513:
7512:
7511:
7499:
7489:
7487:
7479:
7477:
7472:
7471:
7448:
7409:Swine influenza
7381:
7362:Solomon Islands
7318:
7255:
7170:
6982:
6792:
6705:
6703:Pandemic tables
6692:
6687:
6657:
6652:
6626:
6569:
6548:
6499:
6469:
6414:
6412:
6401:
6368:
6352:
6299:Antiviral drugs
6280:
6251:
6237:Human mortality
6230:clinical trials
6198:
6149:
6133:
6096:
5960:
5958:
5951:
5915:
5869:
5864:
5834:
5829:
5828:
5813:Clinical trials
5788:
5757:
5676:
5622:
5587:
5497:
5473:
5451:
5405:
5323:
5254:
5152:
5131:
5086:
5083:
5078:
5062:
5047:
5010:
4981:
4954:
4925:
4904:
4861:
4846:
4842:
4840:Further reading
4837:
4836:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4778:
4776:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4638:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4570:
4568:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4492:(3): CD001265.
4485:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4438:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4396:(14): 1667–72.
4383:
4382:
4378:
4370:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4299:
4298:
4289:
4258:(10): 4277–87.
4245:
4244:
4240:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4101:
4099:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4054:(13): 1435–42.
4041:
4040:
4036:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3982:on 2 April 2014
3979:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3680:
3679:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3509:
3505:
3497:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3127:(11): 808–819.
3118:
3117:
3113:
3092:(17): 1619–28.
3083:
3082:
3078:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3022:(4): CD008965.
3009:
3008:
2987:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2957:
2934:(5): e1503-19.
2921:
2920:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2882:
2881:
2866:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2798:
2797:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2637:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2536:
2535:
2522:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2404:(4): CD002744.
2391:
2390:
2386:
2345:(12): e113633.
2332:
2331:
2327:
2298:Family Practice
2291:
2290:
2279:
2225:
2224:
2209:
2193:10.1038/508439a
2165:
2164:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2014:
2012:
1995:
1994:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1934:
1890:
1889:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1780:
1779:
1770:
1765:
1755:
1739:
1727:small intestine
1715:
1621:Gilead Sciences
1605:
1589:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1513:
1488:
1459:
1458:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1391:2006 H5N1 India
1381:
1371:
1370:
1336:
1326:
1325:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1261:Live attenuated
1244:
1234:
1233:
1195:
1175:Influenza (flu)
1169:
1151:of influenza's
1141:
1074:
1054:
1003:
926:
894:
885:
882:generic version
843:Cochrane Review
800:
798:
795:(what is this?)
792:
787:
784:
779:
774:
773:
762:
759:
754:
753:
742:
717:
707:
701:
695:
689:
669:
645:
637:
617:
597:
569:
549:
529:
509:
492:
484:
463:
460:
443:
442:
410:
386:Protein binding
376:Bioavailability
368:Pharmacokinetic
362:
297:
253:
246:
227:
220:
70:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7581:
7579:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7515:
7514:
7510:
7509:
7497:
7474:
7473:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7395:
7393:
7387:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7328:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7265:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7251:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7180:
7178:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7168:
7166:United Kingdom
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6802:
6800:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6724:
6722:
6713:
6707:
6706:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6663:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6634:
6632:
6631:Related topics
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6529:
6524:
6518:
6516:
6509:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6479:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6426:
6424:
6415:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6353:(experimental)
6348:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6303:
6301:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6194:2020s outbreak
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6174:Croatia (2005)
6170:
6168:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6104:
6098:
6097:
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6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
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5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
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5969:
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5956:
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5950:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5906:Superinfection
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5875:
5874:General topics
5871:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5840:
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5830:
5827:
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5824:
5821:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5765:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5753:Valopicitabine
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5684:
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5678:
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5624:
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5610:
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5589:
5588:
5586:
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5575:
5570:
5554:
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5547:
5542:
5526:
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5520:
5515:
5509:
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5499:
5498:
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5465:
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5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5407:
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5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5335:
5332:RNA polymerase
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5256:
5255:
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5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
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5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
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5182:
5176:
5174:
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5132:
5130:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5082:
5081:External links
5079:
5077:
5076:
5060:
5045:
5008:
4990:(19): 6310–1.
4979:
4967:(9): 621–629.
4952:
4934:(6): 2044–51.
4923:
4902:
4859:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4785:
4755:
4720:
4677:
4644:
4620:
4577:
4563:. 2009-05-14.
4546:
4473:
4470:on 2010-01-04.
4448:
4417:
4376:
4373:on 2014-04-16.
4348:
4314:
4311:on 2009-12-08.
4287:
4238:
4219:(44): 7330–4.
4200:
4157:
4108:
4094:. 2019-04-17.
4075:
4034:
3993:
3957:
3929:
3907:
3885:
3867:
3845:
3813:
3790:
3760:
3724:
3668:
3638:
3607:
3604:on 2007-09-27.
3573:
3535:
3516:
3503:
3500:on 2005-11-03.
3479:
3438:
3420:
3385:
3342:
3293:
3264:(20): 356–63.
3244:
3203:
3154:
3111:
3076:
3051:
2985:
2955:
2909:
2864:
2821:
2786:
2756:
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2658:
2625:
2567:
2560:
2520:
2501:(4): 247–251.
2485:
2433:
2384:
2325:
2277:
2207:
2153:
2117:
2084:
2048:
2022:
1973:
1932:
1866:
1836:
1803:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1738:
1735:
1714:
1713:Veterinary use
1711:
1668:George W. Bush
1604:
1601:
1588:
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1571:
1568:
1562:
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1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1386:1976 swine flu
1382:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:2009 swine flu
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1318:
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1257:
1256:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1227:A/H1N1 subtype
1219:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1205:A/H5N1 subtype
1196:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1168:
1165:
1140:
1137:
1073:
1070:
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654:
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639:
638:
636:
635:
627:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
607:
605:
599:
598:
596:
595:
589:as salt:
587:
579:
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
559:
557:
551:
550:
548:
547:
539:
537:
531:
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511:
510:
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398:
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364:
363:
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360:
351:
339:
326:
312:
310:
304:
303:
299:
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282:
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262:
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248:
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222:
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184:
166:
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136:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
64:
60:
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55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7580:
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7264:
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7261:South America
7258:
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7244:United States
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7176:North America
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6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6592:Bronchiolitis
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6579:Complications
6576:
6566:
6565:Fujian (H5N1)
6563:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6545:
6542:
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6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6411:Pandemics and
6408:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
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6277:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6242:Social impact
6240:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6220:Global spread
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
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5583:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5563:release phase
5560:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5535:M2 inhibitors
5532:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5500:
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5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
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5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5346:Bemnifosbuvir
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
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5305:
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4980:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4874:(1): 156–68.
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4821:
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4800:
4796:
4789:
4786:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4759:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4736:(1): 132–42.
4735:
4731:
4724:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4678:
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3868:
3863:
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3849:
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3835:on 2014-04-19
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3507:
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3471:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3401:(9): 537–45.
3400:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3346:
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3329:
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3259:
3255:
3248:
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3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:(42): 1–242.
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3056:
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3047:
3043:
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3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
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2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
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2971:
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2960:
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2897:
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2879:
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2869:
2865:
2860:
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2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
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2774:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2744:
2740:
2736:
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2727:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2696:
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2680:
2676:
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2653:
2648:
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2640:
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2626:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2563:
2561:9789241210157
2557:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
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2447:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2304:(2): 125–33.
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:(4): e60348.
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2010:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:cells of the
1724:
1720:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:recombinantly
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:shikimic acid
1622:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1500:neuraminidase
1497:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:2009 pandemic
1247:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1161:glycoproteins
1158:
1154:
1153:neuraminidase
1150:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:meta-analyses
1006:
1000:
998:
996:
991:
989:
985:
981:
980:
974:
972:
967:
964:
963:
958:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
906:
898:
891:
889:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
848:
847:meta-analyses
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
803:
796:
790:
781:
776:
772:
765:
756:
752:
745:
738:
734:
733:
731:
728:
723:
716:
714:
710:
683:
681:
677:
672:
664:
660:
659:DTXSID9044291
656:
655:
653:
644:
640:
633:
629:
628:
626:
624:
620:
613:
609:
608:
606:
604:
600:
593:
588:
585:
581:
580:
578:
576:
572:
565:
561:
560:
558:
556:
552:
545:
541:
540:
538:
536:
532:
525:
521:
520:
518:
516:
512:
505:
501:
500:
498:
491:
487:
479:
475:
474:
472:
470:
466:
458:
454:
450:
445:
441:
434:
429:
425:
423:
419:
415:
413:
406:
402:
399:
397:
393:
389:
387:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
359: Rx-only
352:
350:
340:
337:
327:
324:
314:
313:
311:
309:
305:
300:
292:
287:
284:
283:
281:
279:
275:
272:
269:
267:
263:
260:
257:
255:
249:
243:
234:
233:
231:
229:
223:
216:
212:
202:
199:
194:
185:
182:
177:
168:
167:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
103:
65:
63:Pronunciation
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
7538:Ethyl esters
7528:Cyclohexenes
6938:Saudi Arabia
6778:South Africa
6622:Strep throat
6602:Otitis media
6328:
6179:India (2006)
5901:Reassortment
5728:Molnupiravir
5723:Mericitabine
5693:Deuremidevir
5667:Simnotrelvir
5652:Nirmatrelvir
5642:Ibuzatrelvir
5628:3CL protease
5567:
5557:
5529:
5486:
5479:Picornavirus
5401:Uprifosbuvir
5299:Pibrentasvir
5250:Voxilaprevir
5220:Paritaprevir
5091:
5067:
5058:(in German).
5055:
5019:(2): 140–1.
5016:
5012:
4987:
4983:
4964:
4960:
4931:
4927:
4910:
4906:
4871:
4867:
4852:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4777:. Retrieved
4768:
4758:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4668:. Retrieved
4659:
4623:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4569:. Retrieved
4558:
4549:
4527:. Retrieved
4489:
4476:
4468:the original
4463:The Atlantic
4461:
4451:
4439:. Retrieved
4430:
4420:
4393:
4389:
4379:
4368:the original
4363:
4351:
4339:. Retrieved
4326:
4317:
4309:the original
4304:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4216:
4212:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4100:. Retrieved
4087:
4078:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4010:
4006:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3977:the original
3960:
3932:
3910:
3888:
3870:
3848:
3837:. Retrieved
3830:the original
3816:
3803:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3763:
3751:. Retrieved
3727:
3690:
3686:
3659:. Retrieved
3650:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3620:
3610:
3599:the original
3591:
3551:
3547:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3506:
3495:the original
3482:
3458:(1): 14–25.
3455:
3451:
3441:
3423:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3313:(3): 277–9.
3310:
3306:
3296:
3261:
3257:
3247:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3066:
3019:
3015:
2931:
2927:
2900:. Retrieved
2887:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2803:
2777:. Retrieved
2768:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2738:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2704:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2652:10665/325771
2642:
2617:. Retrieved
2584:
2580:
2570:
2551:10665/259481
2541:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2453:
2449:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2301:
2297:
2235:
2231:
2175:
2171:
2144:. Retrieved
2135:The Atlantic
2133:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:the original
2075:. Retrieved
2063:
2013:. Retrieved
2000:
1964:. Retrieved
1900:
1896:
1857:. Retrieved
1848:
1839:
1828:. Retrieved
1819:
1794:. Retrieved
1785:
1756:
1740:
1716:
1699:
1692:
1676:
1673:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1618:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1543:Seasonal flu
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1514:
1493:
1300:
1142:
1129:
1125:
1114:haemorrhagic
1095:
1083:
1072:Side effects
1063:
1055:
1044:(IDSA), the
1036:(ECDC), the
1027:
1019:
1007:
1004:
995:otitis media
992:
977:
975:
968:
960:
954:
927:
911:
871:
852:
840:
815:
811:
810:
799:
793:
456:
452:
448:
409:Elimination
308:Legal status
302:Legal status
162:License data
29:
7533:Dermatoxins
7457:Spanish flu
7429:2009 A/H1N1
7419:Influenza A
7404:Spanish flu
7347:New Zealand
7151:Switzerland
7101:Netherlands
6953:South Korea
6926:Philippines
6916:North Korea
6607:Pharyngitis
6553:Non-mammals
6334:Laninamivir
6329:Oseltamivir
6317:Rimantadine
6145:2009 A/H1N1
5947:Influenza D
5942:Influenza C
5937:Influenza B
5932:Influenza A
5809:from market
5774:Merimepodib
5748:Triazavirin
5743:Taribavirin
5703:Galidesivir
5698:Favipiravir
5662:Rupintrivir
5647:Lufotrelvir
5637:Ensitrelvir
5582:Laninamivir
5568:Oseltamivir
5550:Rimantadine
5488:viral entry
5469:Bulevirtide
5461:Hepatitis D
5319:Velpatasvir
5274:Daclatasvir
5269:Coblopasvir
5245:Vedroprevir
5215:Narlaprevir
5210:Grazoprevir
5205:Glecaprevir
5200:Faldaprevir
5180:Asunaprevir
5158:Hepatitis C
5139:(primarily
3753:30 December
1611:Plate from
1561:Influenza B
1311:Rimantadine
1301:Oseltamivir
1296:Laninamivir
1157:sialic acid
1102:anaphylaxis
1040:(PHE), the
1032:(CDC), the
892:Medical use
828:influenza B
824:influenza A
812:Oseltamivir
720: g·mol
481:204255-11-8
478:196618-13-0
431:Identifiers
215:Oseltamivir
198:Oseltamivir
148:MedlinePlus
121:Other names
112:Trade names
34:Oseltamivir
7523:Acetamides
7517:Categories
7455:See also:
7199:Costa Rica
7096:Montenegro
7086:Luxembourg
6973:Uzbekistan
6871:Kazakhstan
6816:Bangladesh
6806:Azerbaijan
6359:Umifenovir
6351:Peramivir
6312:Amantadine
6290:Treatments
5911:Flu season
5784:Presatovir
5779:Moroxydine
5713:Remdesivir
5671:+ritonavir
5656:+ritonavir
5600:Interferon
5545:Amantadine
5540:Adapromine
5523:Umifenovir
5493:Pleconaril
5396:Radalbuvir
5391:TMC-647055
5381:Sofosbuvir
5376:Setrobuvir
5356:Deleobuvir
5341:Beclabuvir
5314:Samatasvir
5304:Ravidasvir
5294:Ombitasvir
5284:Ledipasvir
5240:Vaniprevir
5235:Telaprevir
5230:Sovaprevir
5225:Simeprevir
5195:Danoprevir
5190:Ciluprevir
5185:Boceprevir
5137:antivirals
4779:2007-06-09
4670:21 January
4571:2009-07-29
4529:2019-09-24
4441:7 December
4102:2020-01-29
3839:2014-04-18
3693:(1): 134.
2928:Pediatrics
2902:9 December
2814:30 January
2619:2020-08-31
2146:7 December
2077:16 January
2015:16 January
1830:2023-01-09
1796:16 January
1763:References
1496:amino acid
1434:Flu season
1316:Umifenovir
1286:Amantadine
1167:Resistance
1052:Prevention
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713:Molar mass
632:ChEMBL1229
612:CHEBI:7798
564:20O93L6F9H
535:ChemSpider
469:CAS Number
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7414:Influenza
7332:Australia
7314:Venezuela
7269:Argentina
7214:Guatemala
7091:Macedonia
7081:Lithuania
6948:Sri Lanka
6943:Singapore
6931:by region
6851:Indonesia
6841:Hong Kong
6617:Sinusitis
6612:Pneumonia
6508:Non-human
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5578:Peramivir
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5361:Filibuvir
5351:Dasabuvir
5289:Odalasvir
5134:RNA virus
4341:9 January
3149:207746253
2837:: j2841.
2779:7 October
2749:7 October
2719:9 January
2609:206916214
2587:: j3266.
2456:: g2545.
1966:8 January
1786:Drugs.com
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1306:Peramivir
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1008:Two 2013
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6963:Thailand
6921:Pakistan
6906:Maldives
6901:Mongolia
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6743:Ethiopia
6711:Location
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5959:subtypes
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5279:Elbasvir
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5004:16683783
4948:11300898
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4664:Archived
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3862:Archived
3808:Archived
3783:21 April
3777:Archived
3744:Archived
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3661:22 April
3655:Archived
3625:Archived
3621:Medscape
3568:72592926
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3433:Archived
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2977:Archived
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2896:Archived
2859:42931361
2851:28607038
2808:Archived
2804:DailyMed
2773:Archived
2769:ClinCalc
2743:Archived
2739:ClinCalc
2713:Archived
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2679:Archived
2641:(2019).
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1859:29 April
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1824:Archived
1790:Archived
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1737:Research
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936:(ECDC),
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7031:Estonia
7026:Denmark
7021:Croatia
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6996:Albania
6978:Vietnam
6911:Myanmar
6886:Lebanon
6836:Georgia
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6783:Tunisia
6773:Nigeria
6768:Namibia
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