1080:(Scx) knockout mouse line suggested that Scx can directly drive Tnmd transcription, because Scx deletion led to complete elimination of Tnmd expression. Overexpression of scleraxis in cultured tenocytes or in mesenchymal stem cells significantly upregulated Tnmd expression. The deletion of myostatin in mice resulted in a parallel decrease in Scx and Tnmd mRNA levels, while myostatin stimulation of fibroblasts led to their upregulation, suggesting myostatin as an upstream factor in the Tnmd pathway. Egr1/2 transcription factors can induce Scx and collagen I gene expression, hence it would be interesting to investigate if Egr1 or 2 also can affect Tnmd expression. The absence of the Mohawk (Mkx) gene led to significantly lower Tnmd expression as well as collagen I and fibromodulin. A significant loss of Tnmd was noticeable in Mkx knockouts at E16.5, while Scx expression was unchanged , suggesting that Mkx can also directly affect Tnmd expression. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in bone marrow-derived stem cells resulted in Tnmd upregulation. Scx and Mkx expression were unaffected, suggesting the Wnt/ β-catenin signalling works independent from these transcription factors. Regarding downstream factors, the Tnmd knockout mouse model suggested correlation to
998:. The gene is localized on the X chromosome and accounts for an approximately 1.4 kb transcript and a predicted protein consisting of 317 amino acids. The gene is composed of seven exons. The second exon encodes the transmembrane domain (amino acid position 31-49) and no signal peptide. TNMD contains a putative protease recognition sequence (Arg-Xxx-Xxx-Arg) identified at the position 233-236. Unlike chondromodulin-1, TNMD does not have a processing signal for furin protease. The extracellular part, prior the putative cleavage site, contains a BRICHOS extracellular domain found also in several other unrelated proteins. This domain consists of a homologous sequence of approximately 100 amino acids containing a pair of conserved cysteine residues. It has been suggested that BRICHOS participates in the protein post-translational processing, however the exact function remains unclear. TNMD contains two
1003:
TNMD gene encodes the conserved C-terminal cysteine-rich domain, which makes up the part of the protein sharing highest resemblance to chondromodulin-I (77% similarity/66% identity). This domain contains C-terminal hydrophobic tail with eight Cys residues forming four disulphide-bridges, which are well conserved across vertebrate species. A smaller cyclic structure forming by single Cys280-Cys292 disulphide bridge in TNMD has been shown to exert an anti-angiogenic function, while the other three disulphide-bridges are speculated to hold this cyclic structure and C-terminal hydrophobic tail separated from each other to avoid the formation of intramolecular aggregates. In certain tendon tissues such as
1097:- In tendons it proves to have beneficial functions for the maintenance of the tissue because its loss results in premature tendon ageing characterized with dysregulated collagen fibrillogenesis and reduced cell density and proliferation. Tnmd exerts a positive effect on tendon-derived stem/progenitor cells by supporting self-renewal and preventing senescence, actions in which the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain alone is sufficient. The first studies on Tnmd expression during tendon healing suggested a time-dependent role, which needs to be further elucidated.
242:
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116:
141:
493:
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1134:- With respect to Tnmd anti-angiogenic function in vivo, no major abnormalities in vessel formation and density were detected during tendon and retina development in the knockout mouse model. The latter finding is open for discussion because a study with recombinant tenomodulin has shown an obliterating vessel effect in retina when injected in vivo in the vitreous body.
2128:
Watahiki J, Yamaguchi T, Enomoto A, Irie T, Yoshie K, Tachikawa T, Maki K (June 2008). "Identification of differentially expressed genes in mandibular condylar and tibial growth cartilages using laser microdissection and fluorescent differential display: chondromodulin-I (ChM-1) and tenomodulin (TeM)
1075:
models with tendon phenotypes have helped in understanding which upstream factors or pathways affect Tnmd expression. Similarly, the generation of Tnmd knockout mouse model allowed the suggestion of possible downstream effectors. Most of the below studies show correlations between Tnmd expression or
1093:
In the last decade major breakthroughs in understanding the roles of TNMD in tendons and other tissues and cells have been made. The exact TNMD functions vary according to the type of cell and tissue, and in great extent they remain still not fully deciphered. Also how precisely TNMD contributes to
1002:
sites at position 94 and 180. Protein analyses in eye and periodontal ligament revealed full length TNMD protein as a double band of 40 and 45 kDa. It has been experimentally proven that the 45 kDa band corresponds to glycosylated TNMD, while 40 kDa band is non-glycosylated TNMD. The last exon of
1084:
based on the observed abnormal collagen fibrillogenesis resulting in pathologically thicker fibres. The lower cellular density and proliferation in the mutant tendons, as well as the reduced self-renewal and earlier senescence of Tnmd-deficient tendon stem/progenitor cells was coupled with
1085:
downregulation of the proliferative marker Cyclin D1 and upregulation of the senescent marker p53. A study analysing ruptures of human chordae tendineae cordis revealed loss of Tnmd expression in the affected area coupled with upregulation of VEGF-A and MMP1, 2 and 13.
2514:
Tokunaga T, Shukunami C, Okamoto N, Taniwaki T, Oka K, Sakamoto H, Ide J, Mizuta H, Hiraki Y (October 2015). "FGF-2 Stimulates the Growth of
Tenogenic Progenitor Cells to Facilitate the Generation of Tenomodulin-Positive Tenocytes in a Rat Rotator Cuff Healing Model".
1157:- A strong correlation between Tnmd mRNA expression and the progression of several diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and juvenile dermatomyositis has been shown. Generally, in all these cases higher tenomodulin levels corresponded to advanced disease state.
1147:- Multiple research studies on cell phenotypisation after gene overexpression, stimulation with growth factors or mechanical stress, tissue engineering and biomaterial evaluation utilize Tnmd expression as marker for tendinous and ligamentous cell lineage.
3078:
1027:- Masseter muscle is compartmentalized by a laminar structure, which was shown to elevate Tnmd mRNA in mouse embryos between E12.5 to E17.5, which further decreased after birth. The epimysium of skeletal muscle is also TNMD -positive.
3083:
978:(Chm1). It is a tendon-specific gene marker known to be important for tendon maturation with key implications for the residing tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) as well as for the regulation of endothelial cell migration in
2840:
Tolppanen AM, Helisalmi S, Hiltunen M, Kolehmainen M, Schwab U, Pirttilä T, Pulkkinen L, Uusitupa M, Soininen H (March 2011). "Tenomodulin variants, APOE and
Alzheimer's disease in a Finnish case-control cohort".
1154:, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and age-related macular degeneration. How exactly these SNPs affect Tnmd transcription, splicing or protein amino acid sequence remains still unknown.
1021:- Mouse periodontal ligaments demonstrated tenomodulin protein expression at 3 and 4 weeks postnatal, a time period corresponding to molar eruptive and post-eruptive phases when the teeth become functional.
2087:
Saiki A, Olsson M, Jernås M, Gummesson A, McTernan PG, Andersson J, Jacobson P, Sjöholm K, Olsson B, Yamamura S, Walley A, Froguel P, Carlsson B, Sjöström L, Svensson PA, Carlsson LM (October 2009).
2925:
Kolehmainen M, Salopuro T, Schwab US, Kekäläinen J, Kallio P, Laaksonen DE, Pulkkinen L, Lindi VI, Sivenius K, Mager U, Siitonen N, Niskanen L, Gylling H, Rauramaa R, Uusitupa M (February 2008).
2968:"Differential proinflammatory and oxidative stress response and vulnerability to metabolic syndrome in habitual high-fat young male consumers putatively predisposed by their genetic background"
1926:
Kimura N, Shukunami C, Hakuno D, Yoshioka M, Miura S, Docheva D, Kimura T, Okada Y, Matsumura G, Shin'oka T, Yozu R, Kobayashi J, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Hiraki Y, Fukuda K (October 2008).
1577:
Yamana K, Wada H, Takahashi Y, Sato H, Kasahara Y, Kiyoki M (February 2001). "Molecular cloning and characterization of CHM1L, a novel membrane molecule similar to chondromodulin-I".
1542:
Shukunami C, Oshima Y, Hiraki Y (July 2005). "Chondromodulin-I and tenomodulin: a new class of tissue-specific angiogenesis inhibitors found in hypovascular connective tissues".
1756:
Kondo J, Shibata H, Miura S, Yamakawa A, Sato K, Higuchi Y, Shukunami C, Hiraki Y (January 2011). "A functional role of the glycosylated N-terminal domain of chondromodulin-I".
974:, is a protein encoded by the TNMD (Tnmd) gene and was discovered independently by Brandau and Shukunami in 2001 as a gene sharing high similarity with the already known
255:
154:
2313:
Lejard V, Blais F, Guerquin MJ, Bonnet A, Bonnin MA, Havis E, Malbouyres M, Bidaud CB, Maro G, Gilardi-Hebenstreit P, Rossert J, Ruggiero F, Duprez D (February 2011).
1018:- In tendon development first signals are detectable as early as E9.5, but upregulated from E14.5 onwards, marking the differentiated stage of tendon progenitors.
2008:
Sato I, Miwa Y, Hara S, Fukuyama Y, Sunohara M (December 2014). "Tenomodulin regulated the compartments of embryonic and early postnatal mouse masseter muscle".
1967:
Havis E, Bonnin MA, Olivera-Martinez I, Nazaret N, Ruggiu M, Weibel J, Durand C, Guerquin MJ, Bonod-Bidaud C, Ruggiero F, Schweitzer R, Duprez D (October 2014).
1150:- Research conducted on a genomic level by single nucleotide polymorphism has presented interesting correlations between Tnmd and a variety of diseases namely
1655:
Sánchez-Pulido L, Devos D, Valencia A (July 2002). "BRICHOS: a conserved domain in proteins associated with dementia, respiratory distress and cancer".
696:
677:
77:
1076:
function to other genes and not a direct link in a common signalling cascade. Regarding upstream regulators of Tnmd expression the description of the
1928:"Local tenomodulin absence, angiogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinase activation are associated with the rupture of the chordae tendineae cordis"
1144:- TNMD transduction in human retinal and umbilical vein endothelial cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation or migration, correspondingly.
3088:
2568:
Omachi T, Sakai T, Hiraiwa H, Hamada T, Ono Y, Nakashima M, Ishizuka S, Matsukawa T, Oda T, Takamatsu A, Yamashita S, Ishiguro N (March 2015).
1330:
1312:
3073:
896:
241:
903:
2799:
Tolppanen AM, Pulkkinen L, Kuulasmaa T, Kolehmainen M, Schwab U, Lindström J, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Kuusisto J (December 2008).
2617:
Hakuno D, Kimura N, Yoshioka M, Fukuda K (December 2011). "Role of angiogenetic factors in cardiac valve homeostasis and disease".
218:
2801:"The genetic variation in the tenomodulin gene is associated with serum total and LDL cholesterol in a body size-dependent manner"
2045:"Expression and localization of tenomodulin, a transmembrane type chondromodulin-I-related angiogenesis inhibitor, in mouse eyes"
2207:"Conversion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into tendon progenitor cells by ectopic expression of scleraxis"
1299:
1278:
986:, explaining the rationale behind its name and the establishment as being marker gene for tendinous and ligamentous lineages.
2089:"Tenomodulin is highly expressed in adipose tissue, increased in obesity, and down-regulated during diet-induced weight loss"
1015:
TNMD is highly expressed on messenger and protein levels in tendons and ligaments, but has also been found in other tissues.
1402:
Shukunami C, Oshima Y, Hiraki Y (February 2001). "Molecular cloning of tenomodulin, a novel chondromodulin-I related gene".
1295:
1007:
and chordae tendineae cordis, 16 kDa cleaved C-terminal part of TNMD was detected in the collagenous extracellular matrix.
140:
115:
2166:"Regulation of tendon differentiation by scleraxis distinguishes force-transmitting tendons from muscle-anchoring tendons"
1697:
Komiyama Y, Ohba S, Shimohata N, Nakajima K, Hojo H, Yano F, Takato T, Docheva D, Shukunami C, Hiraki Y, Chung UI (2013).
1274:
57:
2415:"Regulation of Tenomodulin Expression Via Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Equine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells"
3019:"Duration of chronic inflammation alters gene expression in muscle from untreated girls with juvenile dermatomyositis"
1180:
The 2016 version of this article was updated by an external expert under a dual publication model. The corresponding
1454:"A novel gene, tendin, is strongly expressed in tendons and ligaments and shows high homology with chondromodulin-I"
254:
153:
2927:"Weight reduction modulates expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix and cell death: the GENOBIN study"
2884:
Tolppanen AM, Nevalainen T, Kolehmainen M, Seitsonen S, Immonen I, Uusitupa M, Kaarniranta K, Pulkkinen L (2009).
1030:- Tnmd mRNA was detected in eyes, more specifically in the sclerocornea, tendon of the extraocular muscle and the
247:
146:
979:
741:
65:
2467:"Loss of tenomodulin results in reduced self-renewal and augmented senescence of tendon stem/progenitor cells"
1071:
The putative signalling pathway of TNMD is largely unknown due to unidentified direct binding partners. Many
1112:
1063:- Rat mandibular condylar cartilage is positive for Tnmd mRNA at 1 week and is downregulated after 5 weeks.
722:
2716:"Anti-angiogenic action of the C-terminal domain of tenomodulin that shares homology with chondromodulin-I"
1128:
1037:- Tnmd mRNA was detected in mouse skin at E15.5 and in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and adipocytes.
1181:
1031:
1100:- In periodontal ligaments mediating the teeth connection to the jaw bones, Tnmd contributes to proper
2758:
Tolppanen AM, Pulkkinen L, Kolehmainen M, Schwab U, Lindström J, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M (May 2007).
2267:
1710:
1498:"Scleraxis positively regulates the expression of tenomodulin, a differentiation marker of tenocytes"
1124:
129:
44:
2886:"Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the tenomodulin gene (TNMD) in age-related macular degeneration"
1814:"Synthetic disulfide-bridged cyclic peptides mimic the anti-angiogenic actions of chondromodulin-I"
1024:- Other tendinous tissues known to express Tnmd are the diaphragm and chordae tendineae cordis.
2866:
2760:"Tenomodulin is associated with obesity and diabetes risk: the Finnish diabetes prevention study"
2642:
2550:
1791:
1637:
1350:"Tenogenic modulating insider factor: Systematic assessment on the functions of tenomodulin gene"
1195:"Tenogenic modulating insider factor: Systematic assessment on the functions of tenomodulin gene"
89:
2662:"Tenomodulin inhibits retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy"
2570:"Expression of tenocyte lineage-related factors in regenerated tissue at sites of tendon defect"
1612:
Barr PJ (July 1991). "Mammalian subtilisins: the long-sought dibasic processing endoproteases".
879:
858:
832:
811:
2714:
Oshima Y, Sato K, Tashiro F, Miyazaki J, Nishida K, Hiraki Y, Tano Y, Shukunami C (June 2004).
2043:
Oshima Y, Shukunami C, Honda J, Nishida K, Tashiro F, Miyazaki J, Hiraki Y, Tano Y (May 2003).
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2110:
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1990:
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2017:
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1509:
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1369:
1361:
1242:
1224:
1208:
1108:
334:
265:
209:
164:
2205:
Alberton P, Popov C, Prägert M, Kohler J, Shukunami C, Schieker M, Docheva D (April 2012).
2164:
Murchison ND, Price BA, Conner DA, Keene DR, Olson EN, Tabin CJ, Schweitzer R (July 2007).
2364:
Liu W, Watson SS, Lan Y, Keene DR, Ovitt CE, Liu H, Schweitzer R, Jiang R (October 2010).
1004:
999:
492:
309:
85:
2854:
2271:
1714:
3045:
3018:
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2414:
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534:
3067:
3017:
Chen YW, Shi R, Geraci N, Shrestha S, Gordish-Dressman H, Pachman LM (31 July 2008).
1829:
1812:
Miura S, Kondo J, Kawakami T, Shukunami C, Aimoto S, Tanaka H, Hiraki Y (July 2012).
1625:
1045:
995:
521:
2646:
2366:"The atypical homeodomain transcription factor Mohawk controls tendon morphogenesis"
1795:
1641:
1123:
production and MMPs activation. This is followed by cordis ruptures which can cause
612:
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
69:
2870:
2554:
1116:
327:
106:
2129:
are differentially expressed in mandibular condylar and other growth cartilages".
1887:
2966:
González-Muniesa P, Marrades MP, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ (22 August 2013).
1723:
93:
2021:
1514:
1497:
1335:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1317:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1049:
1041:
2260:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2142:
1699:"Tenomodulin expression in the periodontal ligament enhances cellular adhesion"
1555:
1365:
1212:
1141:
cells resulted in suppression of tumour growth due to reduced vessel density.
1040:- In situ hybridization revealed Tnmd expression in various parts of the adult
410:
2630:
2585:
1769:
1101:
1081:
1053:
226:
123:
73:
2528:
2465:
Alberton P, Dex S, Popov C, Shukunami C, Schieker M, Docheva D (March 2015).
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layer, lens fibre cells, inner nuclear layer cells and pigment epithelium.
2331:
2280:
1077:
641:
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81:
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Knowledge (XXG) articles with corresponding academic peer reviewed articles
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3035:
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2741:
2697:
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2500:
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2399:
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2299:
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2191:
2150:
2114:
2070:
2029:
1994:
1953:
1905:
1872:"Tenomodulin is necessary for tenocyte proliferation and tendon maturation"
1847:
1787:
1742:
1676:
1598:
1590:
1563:
1523:
1479:
1423:
1415:
1383:
1238:
2984:
2678:
2482:
2256:"Tendons of myostatin-deficient mice are small, brittle, and hypocellular"
2222:
1633:
1246:
1193:
Sarah Dex; Dasheng Lin; Chisa
Shukunami; Denitsa Docheva (26 April 2016).
982:
in the heart and in experimental tumour models. It is highly expressed in
943:
938:
2817:
2800:
2776:
2759:
2381:
2105:
2088:
2061:
2044:
1172:
1138:
927:
786:
767:
1137:- In ectopic tumour in vivo models, induced expression of TNMD in mouse
2537:
2182:
2165:
1985:
1969:"Transcriptomic analysis of mouse limb tendon cells during development"
1968:
1778:
1151:
983:
753:
708:
3084:
Knowledge (XXG) articles with corresponding articles published in Gene
2732:
2715:
1470:
1453:
2430:
1120:
911:
663:
1107:- In tendinous structures chordae tendineae cordis, which connect
975:
626:
622:
2315:"EGR1 and EGR2 involvement in vertebrate tendon differentiation"
501:
61:
1166:
1094:
pathophysiology of some correlated diseases is still unclear.
1870:
Docheva D, Hunziker EB, Fässler R, Brandau O (January 2005).
2413:
Miyabara S, Yuda Y, Kasashima Y, Kuwano A, Arai K (2014).
1496:
Shukunami C, Takimoto A, Oro M, Hiraki Y (October 2006).
994:
TNMD belongs to the new family of type II transmembrane
317:
1115:
in the heart, local absence of Tnmd leads to enhanced
2254:
Mendias CL, Bakhurin KI, Faulkner JA (January 2008).
1452:
Brandau O, Meindl A, Fässler R, Aszódi A (May 2001).
607:
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
482:
2093:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1348:
Dex S, Lin D, Shukunami C, Docheva D (August 2016).
2660:Wang W, Li Z, Sato T, Oshima Y (20 November 2012).
1579:
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1404:
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851:
825:
804:
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1289:
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2619:Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
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2049:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
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1060:and neuronal cells in the cerebellar nucleus.
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
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1915:
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1296:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031250
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1807:
1805:
8:
2972:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2666:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
1275:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000000005
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2010:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
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2517:The American Journal of Sports Medicine
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1758:Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
18:
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230:
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127:
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7:
2855:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.010
2319:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1089:Function and correlation to disease
587:negative regulation of angiogenesis
449:medial head of gastrocnemius muscle
1052:, neurons in the cerebral nuclei,
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14:
1945:10.1161/circulationaha.108.780031
602:cellular response to BMP stimulus
48:, BRICD4, CHM1L, TEM, tenomodulin
2931:International Journal of Obesity
2805:International Journal of Obesity
1830:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02276.x
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491:
253:
246:
240:
217:
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145:
139:
114:
2574:Journal of Orthopaedic Science
2370:Molecular and Cellular Biology
1876:Molecular and Cellular Biology
1657:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
597:endothelial cell morphogenesis
556:integral component of membrane
502:More reference expression data
471:More reference expression data
1:
3089:Extracellular matrix proteins
1888:10.1128/mcb.25.2.699-705.2005
1669:10.1016/s0968-0004(02)02134-5
238:
137:
1724:10.1371/journal.pone.0060203
1626:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90129-m
3074:Genes on human chromosome X
2022:10.1016/j.aanat.2014.07.001
1515:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.036
1203:. Gene Wiki Review Series.
1067:Putative signalling pathway
592:tendon cell differentiation
375:subcutaneous adipose tissue
3105:
2471:Stem Cells and Development
2211:Stem Cells and Development
2143:10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.048
1556:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.133
1366:10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.051
1213:10.1016/J.GENE.2016.04.051
990:Gene and protein structure
2631:10.1007/s12265-011-9317-8
2586:10.1007/s00776-014-0684-2
2419:Journal of Equine Science
1770:10.1007/s00774-010-0193-0
1331:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1313:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1184:article was published in
1129:cardiac valvular diseases
942:
937:
933:
926:
910:
904:Chr X: 132.75 – 132.77 Mb
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417:
408:
355:
346:
316:
308:
304:
287:
274:
237:
216:
207:
203:
186:
173:
136:
113:
104:
100:
55:
52:
42:
35:
30:
26:
21:
2529:10.1177/0363546515597488
980:chordae tendineae cordis
897:Chr X: 100.58 – 100.6 Mb
2720:Journal of Cell Science
2332:10.1074/jbc.m110.153106
2281:10.1073/pnas.0707069105
1113:atrioventricular valves
3036:10.1186/1471-2172-9-43
2944:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803718
1591:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4245
1458:Developmental Dynamics
1416:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4271
1182:academic peer reviewed
958:, also referred to as
457:triceps brachii muscle
2985:10.3390/ijms140917238
2843:Neurobiology of Aging
2679:10.3390/ijms131115373
2483:10.1089/scd.2014.0314
2223:10.1089/scd.2011.0150
1502:Developmental Biology
1032:retinal ganglion cell
2818:10.1038/ijo.2008.217
2777:10.1038/oby.2007.613
2382:10.1128/mcb.00207-10
2106:10.1210/jc.2009-0292
2062:10.1167/iovs.02-0664
1190:and can be cited as:
1125:mitral regurgitation
1048:, CA regions of the
437:skin of external ear
232:X chromosome (mouse)
130:X chromosome (human)
2272:2008PNAS..105..388M
1715:2013PLoSO...860203K
2726:(Pt 13): 2731–44.
2183:10.1242/dev.001933
1986:10.1242/dev.108654
1011:Expression pattern
742:ENSMUSG00000031250
580:Biological process
544:Cellular component
528:Molecular function
2733:10.1242/jcs.01112
1471:10.1002/dvdy.1126
1255:
1254:
953:
952:
949:
948:
922:
921:
887:
886:
866:
865:
840:
839:
819:
818:
793:
792:
774:
773:
748:
747:
729:
728:
703:
702:
684:
683:
632:
631:
512:
511:
508:
507:
477:
476:
464:
463:
402:
401:
395:synovial membrane
391:lactiferous gland
300:
299:
199:
198:
3096:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3014:
3008:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2890:Molecular Vision
2881:
2875:
2874:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2672:(11): 15373–86.
2657:
2651:
2650:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2540:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2431:10.1294/jes.25.7
2410:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2376:(20): 4797–807.
2361:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2176:(14): 2697–708.
2161:
2155:
2154:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1923:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1867:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1781:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1539:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1449:
1428:
1427:
1399:
1388:
1387:
1377:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1293:
1282:
1272:
1250:
1232:
1175:
1167:
1109:papillary muscle
976:chondromodulin-1
935:
934:
906:
899:
882:
870:
861:
849:
845:RefSeq (protein)
835:
823:
814:
802:
778:
759:
733:
714:
688:
669:
638:
561:nuclear envelope
518:
504:
495:
488:
473:
413:
411:Top expressed in
406:
367:cartilage tissue
351:
349:Top expressed in
344:
323:
306:
296:
283:
272:
257:
250:
244:
233:
221:
205:
195:
182:
171:
156:
149:
143:
132:
118:
102:
96:
94:TNMD - orthologs
47:
40:
19:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3016:
3015:
3011:
2978:(9): 17238–55.
2965:
2964:
2960:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2849:(3): 546.e7–9.
2839:
2838:
2834:
2811:(12): 1868–72.
2798:
2797:
2793:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2523:(10): 2411–22.
2513:
2512:
2508:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2099:(10): 3987–94.
2086:
2085:
2078:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1979:(19): 3683–96.
1966:
1965:
1961:
1938:(17): 1737–47.
1925:
1924:
1913:
1869:
1868:
1855:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1696:
1695:
1684:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1451:
1450:
1431:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1294:
1285:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1192:
1191:
1176:
1163:
1091:
1069:
1013:
1005:Achilles tendon
1000:N-glycosylation
992:
944:View/Edit Mouse
939:View/Edit Human
902:
895:
892:Location (UCSC)
878:
857:
831:
810:
723:ENSG00000000005
616:
575:
539:
535:protein binding
500:
469:
460:
455:
453:temporal muscle
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
409:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
359:Achilles tendon
347:
291:
278:
270:
260:
259:
258:
251:
231:
208:Gene location (
190:
177:
169:
159:
158:
157:
150:
128:
105:Gene location (
56:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3023:BMC Immunology
3009:
2958:
2937:(2): 292–303.
2917:
2876:
2832:
2791:
2747:
2703:
2652:
2609:
2560:
2506:
2477:(5): 597–609.
2454:
2405:
2356:
2325:(7): 5855–67.
2305:
2246:
2197:
2156:
2137:(6): 1053–60.
2120:
2076:
2055:(5): 1814–23.
2035:
2000:
1959:
1911:
1882:(2): 699–705.
1853:
1818:Cancer Science
1801:
1748:
1682:
1647:
1604:
1569:
1550:(2): 299–307.
1529:
1485:
1429:
1389:
1340:
1322:
1304:
1283:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1090:
1087:
1073:knockout mouse
1068:
1065:
1058:Purkinje cells
1012:
1009:
991:
988:
951:
950:
947:
946:
941:
931:
930:
924:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
908:
907:
900:
893:
889:
888:
885:
884:
874:
873:
867:
864:
863:
853:
852:
846:
842:
841:
838:
837:
827:
826:
820:
817:
816:
806:
805:
799:
795:
794:
791:
790:
782:
781:
775:
772:
771:
763:
762:
756:
750:
749:
746:
745:
737:
736:
730:
727:
726:
718:
717:
711:
705:
704:
701:
700:
692:
691:
685:
682:
681:
673:
672:
666:
660:
659:
654:
649:
645:
644:
634:
633:
630:
629:
618:
617:
615:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
583:
581:
577:
576:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
545:
541:
540:
538:
537:
531:
529:
525:
524:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
497:
496:
485:
479:
478:
475:
474:
466:
465:
462:
461:
459:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
403:
400:
399:
397:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:adipose tissue
368:
364:
363:synovial joint
360:
356:
353:
352:
340:
339:
331:
320:
314:
313:
310:RNA expression
302:
301:
298:
297:
289:
285:
284:
276:
273:
268:
262:
261:
252:
245:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
201:
200:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
175:
172:
167:
161:
160:
151:
144:
138:
134:
133:
126:
120:
119:
111:
110:
98:
97:
54:
50:
49:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3101:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2770:(5): 1082–8.
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2625:(6): 727–40.
2624:
2620:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:(1): 388–93.
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:(6): 846–58.
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:(7): 1311–8.
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:(4): e60203.
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:(7): 329–32.
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:(4): 1101–6.
1584:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1508:(1): 234–47.
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:(5): 1323–7.
1409:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:dentate gyrus
1043:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:glycoproteins
989:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
945:
940:
936:
932:
929:
925:
918:
916:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:
894:
890:
883:
881:
875:
871:
868:
862:
860:
854:
850:
847:
843:
836:
834:
828:
824:
821:
815:
813:
807:
803:
800:
798:RefSeq (mRNA)
796:
789:
788:
783:
779:
776:
770:
769:
764:
760:
757:
755:
751:
744:
743:
738:
734:
731:
725:
724:
719:
715:
712:
710:
706:
699:
698:
693:
689:
686:
680:
679:
674:
670:
667:
665:
661:
658:
655:
653:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
628:
624:
619:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
582:
579:
578:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
546:
543:
542:
536:
533:
532:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:Gene ontology
519:
515:
503:
498:
494:
489:
486:
484:
480:
472:
467:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:body of femur
432:
428:
425:soleus muscle
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
407:
404:
394:
390:
387:abdominal fat
386:
382:
379:hair follicle
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
345:
342:
341:
338:
336:
332:
330:
329:
325:
324:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
290:
286:
282:
277:
267:
263:
256:
249:
243:
236:
228:
224:
220:
215:
211:
206:
202:
194:
189:
185:
181:
176:
166:
162:
155:
148:
142:
135:
131:
125:
121:
117:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
46:
39:
34:
29:
25:
20:
3026:
3022:
3012:
2975:
2971:
2961:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2767:
2763:
2723:
2719:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2580:(2): 380–9.
2577:
2573:
2563:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2474:
2470:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2096:
2092:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2016:(6): 410–5.
2013:
2009:
2003:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1935:
1931:
1879:
1875:
1821:
1817:
1764:(1): 23–30.
1761:
1757:
1751:
1706:
1702:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1547:
1543:
1505:
1501:
1464:(1): 72–80.
1461:
1457:
1407:
1403:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1204:
1198:
1186:
1185:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1117:angiogenesis
1106:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1070:
1062:
1044:such as the
1039:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
993:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
877:
856:
830:
809:
785:
766:
740:
721:
695:
676:
656:
651:
333:
326:
292:132,766,326
279:132,751,729
191:100,599,885
178:100,584,936
53:External IDs
2538:2433/202601
2425:(1): 7–13.
2170:Development
1973:Development
1932:Circulation
1779:2433/139525
1360:(1): 1–17.
1207:(1): 1–17.
1104:adhesion.
1050:hippocampus
1042:mouse brain
956:Tenomodulin
383:skin of hip
271:X|X E3
31:Identifiers
3068:Categories
2896:: 762–70.
1620:(1): 1–3.
1302:, May 2017
1281:, May 2017
1258:References
1102:fibroblast
1082:collagen I
1054:cerebellum
337:(ortholog)
74:HomoloGene
1247:Q26748847
1221:0378-1119
1078:scleraxis
880:NP_071717
859:NP_071427
833:NM_022322
812:NM_022144
642:Orthologs
551:cytoplasm
82:GeneCards
3055:18671865
3004:23975165
2953:17848939
2912:19381347
2863:19524323
2827:18982016
2786:17495183
2742:15150318
2698:23203131
2647:32893651
2639:21866383
2604:25542223
2547:26311443
2501:25351164
2449:24834008
2400:20696843
2351:21173153
2300:18162552
2241:21988170
2192:17567668
2151:18337200
2115:19602561
2071:12714610
2030:25107480
1995:25249460
1954:18838562
1906:15632070
1848:22429838
1796:19455067
1788:20506028
1743:23593173
1703:PLOS ONE
1677:12114016
1642:34706330
1599:11162640
1564:15950187
1524:16876153
1480:11357195
1424:11162673
1384:27129941
1298:–
1277:–
1243:Wikidata
1239:27129941
1139:melanoma
964:myodulin
928:Wikidata
621:Sources:
566:membrane
421:calvaria
3046:2529263
2995:3794726
2903:2669446
2871:8198737
2764:Obesity
2689:3509647
2595:4366561
2555:5374974
2492:4333258
2440:4019198
2391:2950547
2342:3037698
2291:2224222
2268:Bibcode
2232:3315756
1839:3492907
1734:3622668
1711:Bibcode
1634:2070411
1375:4897592
1300:Ensembl
1279:Ensembl
1230:4897592
1152:obesity
1111:to the
984:tendons
754:UniProt
709:Ensembl
648:Species
627:QuickGO
571:nucleus
445:trachea
441:sternum
312:pattern
70:1929885
38:Aliases
3053:
3043:
3029:: 43.
3002:
2992:
2951:
2910:
2900:
2869:
2861:
2825:
2784:
2740:
2696:
2686:
2645:
2637:
2602:
2592:
2553:
2545:
2499:
2489:
2447:
2437:
2398:
2388:
2349:
2339:
2298:
2288:
2239:
2229:
2190:
2149:
2113:
2069:
2028:
1993:
1952:
1904:
1897:543433
1894:
1846:
1836:
1794:
1786:
1741:
1731:
1675:
1640:
1632:
1597:
1562:
1522:
1478:
1422:
1382:
1372:
1245:
1237:
1227:
1219:
1121:VEGF-A
960:tendin
914:search
912:PubMed
787:Q9EP64
768:Q9H2S6
664:Entrez
483:BioGPS
170:Xq22.1
62:300459
2867:S2CID
2643:S2CID
2551:S2CID
1792:S2CID
1638:S2CID
1187:Gene
1161:Notes
970:, or
697:64103
678:64102
657:Mouse
652:Human
623:Amigo
429:ankle
335:Mouse
328:Human
275:Start
210:Mouse
174:Start
107:Human
78:11152
3051:PMID
3000:PMID
2949:PMID
2908:PMID
2859:PMID
2823:PMID
2782:PMID
2738:PMID
2694:PMID
2635:PMID
2600:PMID
2543:PMID
2497:PMID
2445:PMID
2396:PMID
2347:PMID
2296:PMID
2237:PMID
2188:PMID
2147:PMID
2131:Bone
2111:PMID
2067:PMID
2026:PMID
1991:PMID
1950:PMID
1902:PMID
1844:PMID
1784:PMID
1739:PMID
1673:PMID
1630:PMID
1614:Cell
1595:PMID
1560:PMID
1520:PMID
1476:PMID
1420:PMID
1380:PMID
1354:Gene
1235:PMID
1217:ISSN
1200:Gene
1127:and
968:Tnmd
318:Bgee
266:Band
227:Chr.
165:Band
124:Chr.
86:TNMD
58:OMIM
45:TNMD
22:TNMD
3041:PMC
3031:doi
2990:PMC
2980:doi
2939:doi
2898:PMC
2851:doi
2813:doi
2772:doi
2728:doi
2724:117
2684:PMC
2674:doi
2627:doi
2590:PMC
2582:doi
2533:hdl
2525:doi
2487:PMC
2479:doi
2435:PMC
2427:doi
2386:PMC
2378:doi
2337:PMC
2327:doi
2323:286
2286:PMC
2276:doi
2264:105
2227:PMC
2219:doi
2178:doi
2174:134
2139:doi
2101:doi
2057:doi
2018:doi
2014:196
1981:doi
1977:141
1940:doi
1936:118
1892:PMC
1884:doi
1834:PMC
1826:doi
1822:103
1774:hdl
1766:doi
1729:PMC
1719:doi
1665:doi
1622:doi
1587:doi
1583:280
1552:doi
1548:333
1510:doi
1506:298
1466:doi
1462:221
1412:doi
1408:280
1370:PMC
1362:doi
1358:587
1225:PMC
1209:doi
1205:587
972:TeM
288:End
187:End
90:OMA
66:MGI
3070::
3049:.
3039:.
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2976:14
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