Theosophy - Knowledge (XXG)

684:, Blavatsky stated that each planet had a sevenfold constitution, known as the "Planetary Chains"; these consist not only of a physical globe but also of two astral bodies, two mental bodies, and two spiritual bodies, all overlapping in the same space. According to Blavatsky, evolution occurs on descending and ascending arcs, from the first spiritual globe on to the first mental globe, then from the first astral globe to the first physical globe, and then on from there. She said that there were different levels of evolution, from mineral on to vegetable, animal, human, and then to superhuman or spiritual. Different levels of evolution occur in a successive order on each planet; thus when mineral evolution ends on the first planet and it proceeds on to vegetable evolution, then mineral evolution begins on the second planet. 1011:

that they had provided him with a message instructing him to co-delegate the Society's Esoteric Section with Besant. Olcott, however, suspected that the notes from the Masters which Judge was producing were forged, exacerbating tensions between them. Besant attempted to act as a bridge between the two men, while Judge informed her that the Masters had revealed to him a plot that Olcott was orchestrating to kill her. In 1893, Besant came down on Olcott's side in the argument and backed the internal proceedings that Olcott raised against Judge. A two-stage enquiry took place, which concluded that because the Society took no official stance on whether the Masters existed or not, Judge could not be considered guilty of forgery and would be allowed to retain his position. The details of this trial were leaked to the journalist

808:, Blavatsky said that within each individual human there is an eternal, divine facet, which she referred to as "the Master", the "uncreate", the "inner God", and the "higher self". She promoted the idea that uniting with this "higher self" results in wisdom. In that same book, she compared the progress of the human soul to a transition through three halls; the first was that of ignorance, which is the state of the soul before it understands the need to unite with its higher self. The second is the Hall of Learning, in which the individual becomes aware of other facets of human life but is distracted by an interest in psychic powers. The third is the Hall of Wisdom, in which union with the higher self is made; this is then followed by the Vale of Bliss. At this point the human soul can merge into the One. 1219: 252:, insisted that it was not a religion, although she did refer to it as the modern transmission of the "once-universal religion" that she said had existed deep into the human past. Theosophical organizations have maintained the belief that Theosophy should not be labeled a religion; instead, they regard it as a system that embraces what they see as the "essential truth" underlying religion, philosophy, and science. As a result, Theosophical groups allow their members to hold other religious allegiances, resulting in Theosophists who also identify as Christians, Buddhists, or Hindus. 727:, a figure from Mahayana Buddhist mythology. She further believed that humanity would eventually develop into the final, seventh Root Race. At this, she stated that humanity will have reached the end of its evolutionary cycle and life will withdraw from the Earth. Lachman suggested that by reading Blavatsky's cosmogonical beliefs as a literal account of history, "we may be doing it a disservice." He instead suggested that it could be read as Blavatsky's attempt to formulate "a new myth for the modern age, or as a huge, fantastic science fiction story". 878:, an etheric store of all the knowledge of the universe. They, for instance, stated to have attained knowledge of their own past lives as monkey-like creatures residing on the moon, where they served as pets to the "Moon-man" (a prior incarnation of the Master Morya), his wife (Koot Humi), and their child (the Lord Maitreya). When they were attacked by "savages" and animals "resembling furry lizards and crocodiles", Besant sacrificed herself to save Morya, and for that act made the karmic evolutionary leap to becoming a human in her next incarnation. 765: 1023: 1547:

figures. Hammer also lamented that while scholarship on Theosophy was developing, it had not focused on the reformulation of Theosophy by Leadbeater and Besant or with the developing ideas of post-Theosophical writers such as Steiner or Bailey. Hammer and Rothstein suggested that the "dearth of scholarly literature" on Theosophy was because "powerful individuals and institutions" in Europe and North America regarded the religion as "ludicrous", thus discouraging scholars from devoting their time to researching it.

1183: 1102: 887: 1388:(12 million hits). Even truly mainstream media such as the National Geographic Channel present programs devoted to arch-Theosophical themes such as Atlantis, and the spiritual mysteries of Egypt. Terms and ideas created or mediated by spokespersons of the Theosophical Society have over time become household words, and the advent of Theosophy thus marked a fundamental change in the religious lives of countless individuals. 1496: 668: 1142:, who said that she remained in mediumistic contact with Judge's spirit. Tingley launched an international campaign to promote her Theosophical group, sending delegations to Europe, Egypt, and India. In the latter country they clashed with the Adyar-based Theosophical Society, and were unsuccessful in gaining converts. Her leadership would be challenged by Ernest T. Hargrove in 1898, and when he failed he split to form 1195:(9000 of whom were in India), c. 5,500 members of the Theosophical Society in America, c. 1,500 members of the Theosophical Society International (Pasadena), and about 1200 members of the United Lodge of Theosophy. Membership of the Theosophical Society reached its highest peak in 1928, when it had 45,000 members. The HPB Lodge in Auckland, New Zealand, was one of the world's largest, with over 500 members in 1949. 1158:, California. Various Theosophical writers and artists congregated there, while horticultural development was also emphasized. In 1919, the community helped establish a Theosophical University. Longstanding financial problems coupled with an aging population resulted in the Society selling Lomaland in 1942. Meanwhile, Tingley's death in 1929 had resulted in the Theosophical Society in America being taken over by 1171: 303: 6233: 516:

Theosophical literature, these Masters are also referred to as the Mahatmas, Adepts, Masters of Wisdom, Masters of Compassion, and Elder Brothers. They are perceived to be a fraternity of human men who are highly evolved, in terms of having both moral development and intellectual attainment. They are said to have achieved extra-long life spans, and to have gained supernatural powers, including

836:, she stated that the spirit was immortal and would repeatedly incarnate into a new, mortal soul and body on Earth. According to Theosophical teaching, human spirits will always be reborn into human bodies, and not into those of any other life forms. Blavatsky stated that spirits would not be reborn until some time after bodily death, and never during the lifetime of the deceased's relatives. 107:. These Masters are alleged by Blavatsky to have cultivated great wisdom and supernatural powers, and Theosophists believe they initiated the modern Theosophical movement through disseminating their teachings via Blavatsky. Theosophists believe that these Masters are attempting to revive knowledge of an ancient religion once found around the world that will again come to eclipse existing 951:

and belief in progress and individual effort. Occultism, mediated to America in the form of Mesmerism, Swedenborgianism, Freemasonry, and Rosicrucianism, was present. Recent developments in science led by the 1870s to renewed interest in reconciling science and religion. There was present also a hope that Asian religious ideas could be integrated into a grand religious synthesis.

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members should subscribe was a commitment "to form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or color". This means that there are members of the Theosophical Society who are skeptical about many, or even all, of the Theosophical doctrines, while remaining sympathetic to its basic aim of universal brotherhood.

6257: 910:. Based on a statistical analysis, Dixon noted that prominent English feminists of the period were several hundred times more likely to join the Theosophical Society than was the average member of the country's population. Theosophical contingents took part in feminist marches of the period; for instance, a Theosophical group operating under the banner of 481: 636:. Theosophy tended to emphasize the importance of ancient texts over the popular ritual and custom found within various religious traditions. The Theosophical depiction of Buddhism and Hinduism, however, drew criticism both from practitioners of orthodox Buddhist and Hindu traditions, as well as from Western scholars of these traditions, such as 31: 801:). According to Theosophical teaching, it is the latter three of these components that are immortal, while the other aspects perish following bodily death. Theosophy teaches that the Spiritual Soul and the Spirit do not reside within the human body alongside the other components, but that they are connected to it through the human soul. 871:

misdeeds that they perpetrated in a prior life. In Blavatsky's words, karma and reincarnation were "inextricably interwoven". However, she did not believe that karma had always been the system that governed reincarnation; she believed that it came into being when humans developed egos, and that one day will also no longer be required.

6269: 1019:. Judge then announced that the Masters had informed him that he should take sole control of the Esoteric Section, deposing Besant; she rejected his beliefs. Amid calls from Olcott that Judge should stand down, in April 1895 the American section voted to secede from the main Society. Judge remained its leader, but died within a year. 584:. The apprentice would then undergo several years of probation, during which they must live a life of physical purity, remaining chaste, abstinent, and indifferent to physical luxury. Blavatsky encouraged the production of images of the Masters. The most important portraits of the Masters to be produced were created in 1884 by 1094:, which was independent from the Theosophical Society (Adyar) while retaining an affiliation with it. The Church drew most of its membership from the Society and heavily relied upon its resources. However, in 1919 the Church was marred by police investigations into allegations that six of its priests had engaged in acts of 199:, under whom it grew to its largest extent during the late 1920s, before going into decline after the Great Depression. TSA has since been reincorporated as a national section of the global Theosophical Society, which has a global membership of roughly 26,606 across 70 countries, including over 3,550 in the United States. 703:, which Blavatsky alleged survives today as Australia and Rapa Nui. Blavatsky alleged that during the fourth Round of the Earth, higher beings descended to the planet, with the beginnings of human physical bodies developing, and the sexes separating. At this point, the fourth Root Race appeared, living on the continent of 695:", each of which was divided into seven Sub-Races. In Blavatsky's cosmogony, the first Root Race were created from pure spirit, and lived on a continent known as the "Imperishable Sacred Land". The second Root Race, known as the Hyperboreans, were also formed from pure spirit, and lived on a land near to the 617:

them. Blavatsky also taught that a secret brotherhood has conserved this ancient wisdom religion throughout the centuries, and that members of this fraternity hold the key to understanding miracles, the afterlife, and psychic phenomena, and that moreover, these adepts themselves have paranormal powers.

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In retaliation, a "Back to Blavatsky" movement emerged within the Society. Its members pejoratively referred to Besant and her followers as practitioners of "Neo-Theosophy", objecting to the Liberal Catholic Church's allegiance to the Pope, and to the prominence that they were according to Besant and

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The American social situation from which the Theosophical Society emerged was one of great upheaval, and the religious situation was one of challenge to orthodox Christianity. The forces that had surfaced in spiritualism included anticlericalism, anti-institutionalism, eclecticism, social liberalism,

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As noted by Santucci, Theosophy is "derived primarily from the writings" of Blavatsky, however revisions and innovations have also been produced by subsequent Theosophists such as Annie Besant and Charles Leadbeater. Blavatsky said that these Theosophical doctrines were not her own invention, but had

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The Adyar Society membership later peaked at 40,000 in the late 1920s. The Order of the Star had 30,000 members at its height. Krishnamurti himself repudiated these beliefs, insisting that he was not the World Teacher, and then resigned from the Society; the effect on the society was dramatic, as it

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in 1909, when it had split from Judge's Theosophical Society in America, seeking to minimize formal organization. It focused on publishing new editions of Blavatsky and Judge's writings, as well as other books, which were usually released anonymously so as to prevent any personality cults developing

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During her lifetime, Blavatsky had suggested to many different people that they would be her successor. Three of the most prominent candidates – Olcott, Judge, and Besant – all met in London shortly after her death to discuss the situation. Judge said that he too was in contact with the Masters, and

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by two Theosophists. Alongside her support for Indian home rule, Besant had also supported home rule for Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Campbell suggested that Theosophy could be seen as a "grandfather" movement to this 20th century growth in Asian spirituality. Given the spread of such ideas in the

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Hammer and Rothstein believed that the formation and early history of the Theosophical Society was one of the "pivotal chapters of religious history in the West." The Theosophical Society had significant effects on religion, politics, culture, and society. In the Western world, it was a major force

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During its first century, Theosophy established itself as an international movement. Campbell believed that from its foundation until 1980, Theosophy had gained tens of thousands of adherents. He noted that in that latter year, there were about 35,000 members of the Adyar-based Theosophical Society

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as a system which regulates the cycle of reincarnation, ensuring that an individual's actions in one life affect the circumstances of their next one. This belief therefore seeks to explain why misery and suffering exist in the world, attributing any misfortune that someone suffers as punishment for

1202:"unconventional, liberal-minded Westerners", and according to Dixon they were among those "who constituted themselves as the humanitarian conscience of the middle classes, a dissident minority who worked in a variety of parallel organizations to critique the dominant bourgeois values and culture." 961:

The Theosophical Society was largely the creation of two individuals: Helena Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott. Established Christianity in the United States was experiencing challenges in the second half of the nineteenth century, a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization, high rates of

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According to Theosophy, the purpose of human life is the spiritual emancipation of the soul. The human individual is described as an "Ego" or "Monad" and believed to have emanated from the Solar Deity, to whom it will also eventually return. The human being is presented as composed of seven parts,

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Campbell noted that for non-Theosophists, the beliefs regarding the existence of the Masters are among the weakest made by the movement. Such statements are open to examination and potential refutation, with challenges to the existence of the Masters therefore undermining Theosophical beliefs. The

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distinguished the Blavatskian movement from its older namesake by terming it "modern Theosophy". Followers of Blavatsky's movement are known as Theosophists, while adherents of the older tradition are termed theosophers. Causing some confusion, a few Theosophists – such as C. C. Massey – were also

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Blavatsky's Theosophy is not the only movement to use the term "theosophy" and this has resulted in scholarly attempts to differentiate the different currents. Godwin drew a division by referring to Blavatskian Theosophy with a capital letter and older, Boehmian theosophy with a lower-case letter.

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Theosophy played a significant role in bringing knowledge of Eastern religions to the West and encouraging cultural pride in South Asia. Many prominent artists and writers have also been influenced by Theosophical teachings. Theosophy has an international following, and during the 20th century had

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According to the scholar of religion James A. Santucci, discerning what the term "Theosophy" meant to the early Theosophists is "not as obvious as one might think". As used by Olcott, the term "Theosophy" appeared to be applied to an approach that emphasized experimentation as a means of learning

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who have studied Theosophy have characterized it as a religion. In his history of the Theosophical movement, Bruce F. Campbell noted that Theosophy promoted "a religious world-view" using "explicitly religious terms" and that its central tenets are not unequivocal fact, but rather rely on belief.

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for instance described Theosophy as a "detestable 'spiritual' hybridism". The academic study of the Theosophical current developed at the intersection of two scholarly sub-fields: the study of new religious movements, which emerged in the 1970s, and the study of Western esotericism. For example,

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and early Hindu sages and which continues to underpin the center of every religion. She promoted the idea that ancient societies exhibited a unity of science and religion that humanity has since lost, with their achievements and knowledge being far in excess of what modern scholars believe about

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Theosophy does not express any formal ethical teaching, a situation that generated ambiguity. However, it has expressed and promoted certain values, such as brotherhood and social improvement. During its early years, the Theosophical Society promoted a puritanical attitude toward sexuality, for

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Although the writings of prominent Theosophists lay out a set of teachings, the Theosophical Society itself states that it has no official beliefs with which all members must agree. It therefore has doctrine but does not present this as dogma. The Society stated that the only tenet to which all

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A significant proportion of the scholarship on Theosophy constitutes biographies of its leading members and discussions of events in the Society's history. In contrast to the significant amount of research focused on the first two generations of Theosophists, little has been produced on later

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On Olcott's death in 1907, he had nominated Besant to be his successor, and she was then elected to the position with a large majority in June. In her first years as the head of the Society, Besant oversaw a dramatic growth in its membership, raising it by 50%, to 23,000. She also oversaw an

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Central to Theosophical belief is the idea that a group of spiritual adepts known as the Masters not only exist but were responsible for the production of early Theosophical texts. For most Theosophists, these Masters are deemed to be the real founders of the modern Theosophical movement. In

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As noted by Dixon, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Theosophical Society "appealed above all to an elite, educated, middle- and upper-middle-class constituency". It was, in her words, "a religion for the 'thinking classes'." Campbell stated that Theosophy attracted

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Hammer and Rothstein stated that Theosophy came to heavily influence "popular religiosity" and by the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries was "permeating just about every nook and cranny of contemporary "folk" religious culture" in Western countries. It was a major influence on the

1410:— are "directly dependent" on Theosophy. Although he had split from Theosophy when renouncing Leadbeater's statement that he was the World Teacher, Krishnamurti continued to exhibit Theosophical influences in his later teachings. In 1923 a former Theosophist, the Anglo-American 531:

The Masters are believed to preserve the world's ancient spiritual knowledge, and to represent a Great White Brotherhood or White Lodge which watches over humanity and guides its evolution. Among those whom the early Theosophists believed as Masters were Biblical figures such as

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In approaching Asian religion with respect and treating its religious beliefs seriously, Blavatsky and Olcott influenced South Asian society. In India, it played an important role in the Indian independence movement and in the Buddhist revival. The Indian independence leader

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for the introduction of Asian religious ideas. In 1980, Campbell described it as "probably the most important non-traditional or occult group in the last century", while in 2012 Santucci noted that it had had "a profound impact on the contemporary religious landscape".

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that all world religions contain a universal inner teaching that must be deciphered, and that knowledge of this divine wisdom gives access to the mysteries of nature and humankind’s inner essence. To that end, different religious and philosophical traditions, as well as

1523:. He noted that most of these works treated Theosophical doctrine as if it were a fixed entity and provided little or no discussion of how they have changed over the decades. Many articles on the historical development of the movement have also appeared in the journal 1383:

Bestsellers and television shows are devoted to Theosophical concepts such as reincarnation and spiritual evolution; the Internet overflows with references to Theosophical concepts such as the human aura (a Google search in May 2012 retrieved 47 million hits) and the

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described it as a "universally eclectic religious movement", while scholar J. Jeffrey Franklin characterized Theosophy as a "hybrid religion" for its syncretic combination of elements from various other sources. More specifically, Theosophy has been categorized as a

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Campbell also noted that Theosophy appealed to educated Asians, and particularly Indians, because it identified Asia as being central to a universal ancient religion and allowed Asians to retain traditional religious beliefs and practices within a modern framework.

1039:. The American Section of the Theosophical Society raised internal charges against him, although Besant came to his defense. In a move probably designed to limit negative publicity for the Society, they accepted his resignation rather than expelling him. 223:

in nature. Theosophical groups maintain that Theosophy is not a religion but instead aspires to relate to an ultimate truth that may be gleaned from other religions, variably called "Divine Wisdom", “Wisdom Tradition”, and the “Perennial Philosophy".

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Blavatsky taught that Lord Maitreya—a figure she borrowed from Buddhism—would come to Earth as a messianic figure. Her ideas on this were expanded upon by Besant and Leadbeater. They said that Maitreya had previously incarnated onto the Earth as

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in the universe is the expression of what is termed a "Logos" or "Solar Deity". Ranked below this Solar Deity are seven ministers or planetary spirits, with each of these celestial beings being in control of evolution on a particular planet. In

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Olcott then sent Besant to the United States to gain support for the Adyar-based Society. In this she was successful, gaining thousands of new members and establishing many new branches. Besant had developed a friendship with the Theosophist

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Many important figures, in particular within the humanities and the arts, were involved in the Theosophical movement and influenced by its teachings. Prominent scientists who had belonged to the Theosophical Society included the inventor

3980: 279:. Campbell for instance referred to it as "an esoteric religious tradition", while the historian Joy Dixon called it an "esoteric religion". More specifically, it is considered a form of occultism. Along with other groups such as the 722:

The fifth Root Race to emerge was the Aryans, and was found around the world at the time she was writing. She believed that the fifth Race would come to be replaced by the sixth, which would be heralded by the arrival of

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and the first work to draw a dualism between what it calls "anthroposophia" (human knowledge) and "theosophia" (divine knowledge). It had consequently been used in various esoterics contexts for example by the

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Throughout her writings, Blavatsky made a variety of statements about rebirth and the afterlife, and there is a discrepancy between her earlier and later teachings on the subject. Between the 1870s and

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and holds that there is a deeper spiritual reality that can be reached through intuition, meditation, revelation, or some form of transcending normal human consciousness. Theosophists also maintain an

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and Edna Ballard; the group adopted the idea of the Ascended Masters from Theosophy. The idea of the Masters—and a belief in Morya and Kuthumi—have also been adopted into the belief system of the

1270:'s development of abstraction was directly tied to her work with the Theosophical Society, with the aim of presenting and preserving spiritual concepts visually. The same was true for the Russian 287:

noted that Theosophy helped to establish the "essential foundations for much of twentieth-century esotericism". Although Theosophy draws upon Indian religious beliefs, the sociologist of religion

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Van Wormer, Stephen R.; Gross, G. Timothy (2006). "Archaeological Identification of an Idiosyncratic Lifestyle: Excavation and Analysis of the Theosophical Society Dump, San Diego, California".

6075: 719:. The Atlanteans were decadent and abused their power and knowledge, so Atlantis sank into the sea, although various Atlanteans escaped, and created new societies in Egypt and the Americas. 604:. The idea of having messages conveyed to a medium through spiritually advanced entities had also been popularized at the time of Theosophy's foundation through the Spiritualist movement. 524:. These are powers that they have allegedly attained through many years of training. According to Blavatsky, by the late 19th century their chief residence was in the Himalayan kingdom of 4931:

Trompf, Garry W.; Bernauer, Lauren (2012). "Producing Lost Civilisations: Theosophical Concepts in Literature, Visual Media, and Popular Culture". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.).

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Theosophical groups consist largely of individuals as opposed to family groups. Campbell noted that these members were alienated in ways from conventional social roles and practices.

6068: 592:, Schmiechen's images of Morya and Koot Humi gained "semi-canonical status" in the Theosophical community, being regarded as sacred objects rather than simply decorative images. 4725:

Lowry, Elizabeth (2019). "These Lovers are Out of this World: Sex, Consent, and the Rhetoric of Conversion in Abductee Narratives". In Darryl Caterine; John W. Morehead (eds.).

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A considerable amount of literature has been produced on the subject of Theosophy and the Theosophical Society. Most early publications on Theosophy fell into two camps: either

322:. Prior to adopting the name "Theosophical", they had debated various potential names, among them the Egyptological Society, the Hermetic Society, and the Rosicrucian Society. 1475:

also cited Blavatsky's writings as a key influence on his ideas. Theosophical ideas, including on the evolution of the Earth, influenced the teachings of British conspiracist

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cosmology, promoting the belief that the universe is an outward reflection from the Absolute. Theosophy presents the idea that the world as humans perceive it is illusory, or

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and compositional output, became interested in theosophy while living in Brussels from 1909–10. Other composers whose music was influenced by theosophical concerns include

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Prior to her arrival in the United States, Blavatsky had experience with esoteric currents such as Spiritualism. It was through Spiritualism that Blavatsky and Olcott met.

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idea of a brotherhood of secret adepts had a long pedigree stretching back several centuries before the foundation of Theosophy; such ideas can be found in the work of the

4048: 3662: 283:, the Theosophical Society has been seen as part of an "occult revival" that took place in Western countries during the late 19th century. The historian of religion 1373:

history of these groups, with a group of connected Nazi's living in Tibet. Obadiah Archer is implied to be one of the ascended masters in the Theosophy tradition.

664:, an idea that it draws from Asian religions. Accordingly, Blavatsky taught that a life limited by the perception of this illusory world was ignorant and deluded. 4068: 1421:

Another former Theosophist, the Austrian Rudolf Steiner, split from the Theosophical Society over the statements about Krishnamurti and then established his own

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which challenged traditional Christian accounts of history. Various new religious communities were established in different parts of the country, among them the

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could still note that books presenting the Theosophical doctrines were mostly apologetic in nature. Examples of such works include William Q. Judge's 1893 book

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she was interned for several months. This helped to boost her status within the independence movement, and at the age of 70 she was appointed President of the

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According to Theosophical teaching, each solar system is an emanation of a "Logos" or "Solar Deity", with planetary spirits each overseeing one of the planets.

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observed that "Theosophy is fundamentally Western. That is to say, Theosophy is not Eastern thought in the West, but Western thought with an Eastern flavour."

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Johnston, Jay (2012). "Theosophical Bodies: Colour, Shape, and Emotion from Modern Aesthetics to Healing Therapies". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.).

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on 7 March 1913. Despite his departure from the Theosophists, Rudolf Steiner nevertheless maintained a keen interest in Theosophy for the rest of his life.

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According to Blavatsky's teachings, many of the world's religions have their origins in a universal ancient religion, a "secret doctrine" that was known to

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while operating on three separate planes of being. As presented by Sinnett and often repeated in Theosophical literature, these seven parts are the Body (

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cosmology in which the universe is perceived as outward reflections from this Absolute. The purpose of human life is spiritual emancipation and the human

5635: 1143: 1035:, and together they co-wrote a number of books. Leadbeater was controversial, and concerns were raised when he was found to have instructed two boys in 3925: 442:" would later be adopted within the modern Theosophical movement itself, where it was used—largely pejoratively—to describe the teachings promoted by 263:

and Mikael Rothstein termed it "one of the modern world's most important religious traditions". Various scholars have pointed to its eclectic nature;

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expansion of the Adyar property, from 27 to 253 acres. Besant was involved in various activist causes, promoting women's rights in India through the

934:. Another is the meetings of the United Lodge of Theosophy, which has been characterized as having a "quasi-sacred and quasi-liturgical" character. 1051:

and a Hindu girls' school. Besant also began a campaign for Indian Home Rule, founding a group called the Home Rule League. She established the

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She stated that this ancient religion would be revived and spread throughout humanity in the future, replacing dominant world religions such as

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Poller, Jake (2018). ""Under a Glamour": Annie Besant, Charles Leadbeater and Neo-Theosophy". In Christine Ferguson; Andrew Radford (eds.).

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occurrences, are to be studied and investigated; Theosophy allows adherents to profess any or no religion, and it is sometimes described as

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Higher peaks in view: The man who wrote Twin Peaks has plans to get weirder. Mark Frost talked to Kevin Jackson about Sherlock and warlocks

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theosophers. In the early years of Blavatsky's movement, some critics referred to it as "Neo-Theosophy" to differentiate it from the older

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This article is about the occult movement originating in the 19th century. For the esoteric Christian movement established by Böhme, see

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Bednarowski, Mary Farrell (1980). "Outside the Mainstream: Women's Religion and Women Religious Leaders in Nineteenth-Century America".

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Shaw, Michael (2018). "Theosophy in Scotland: Oriental Occultism and National Identity". In Christine Ferguson; Andrew Radford (eds.).

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Theosophical ideas were also an influence on the Irish literary movement of the late 19th and early 20th century, with writers such as

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to promote the idea of Krishnamurti as World Teacher. Leadbeater also wanted more ritual within Theosophy, and to achieve this he and

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Partridge, Christopher (2013). "Lost Horizon: H. P. Blavatsky and Theosophical Orientalism". In Olav Hammer; Mikael Rothstein (eds.).

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for adherents to practice. However, ritualized practices have been established by various Theosophical groups; one such group is the

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branch seceding to form the Independent Theosophical Society. Leadbeater traveled to Adyar, where he met a young boy living there,

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According to Maria Carlson, Theosophy is a "positivistic religion" "offering a seemingly logical theology based on pseudoscience."

4358:. The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1110:

Leadbeater's publications. The main benefactor of the disquiet within the Back to Blavatsky movement was a rival group called the

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The founders of many later new religious movements had been involved in Theosophy. Many esoteric groups — such as Alice Bailey's

915: 649: 1218: 1078:. He subsequently took control of the boy's instruction for two years. With Besant, Leadbeater established a group known as the 175:

which became key texts within Theosophy. Following her death in 1891, there was a schism in the Society, with Judge leading the

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tens of thousands of adherents. Theosophical ideas have also inspired over 100 esoteric movements and philosophies, among them

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Neufeldt, Ronald (1986). "In Search of Utopia: Karma and Rebirth in the Theosophical Movement". In Ronald W. Neufeldt (ed.).

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by theosophical scholar Moon Laramie provides a modern translation and dispassionate analysis of the first seven chapters of

1286: 990:, including on a spiritual level. It was also influenced by a growing knowledge about Asian religions in the United States. 1487:

milieu of the latter twentieth century. It played an important role in promoting belief in reincarnation among Westerners.

6034: 5898: 5596: 3654: 1079: 1044: 387:'wisdom'; thus meaning "god-wisdom", "divine wisdom", or "wisdom of God". Its esoteric meaning emerged during the 370: 343: 135:. Universal brotherhood and social improvement are guiding principles, although there is no particular ethical framework. 116: 100: 6223: 2073: 2065: 6314: 5903: 5586: 1111: 5118: 4065: 1313:

to join the Theosophical faction led by Tingley, joining the Society in 1923 and settling at the Point Loma community.

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and highly defensive, or highly antagonistic and aggressive towards the movement. As of 2001, the scholar of religion

5031:

Bergunder, Michael (2014). "Experiments with Theosophical Truth: Gandhi, Esotericism, and Global Religious History".

1162:, who promoted rapprochement with other Theosophical groups in what came to be known as the Fraternisation movement. 1365:" draws his abilities from Theosophic belief, and the series makes multiple references to Theosophy, Anthroposophy, 467:

been received from a brotherhood of secretive spiritual adepts whom she referred to as the "Masters" or "Mahatmas".

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about the "Unseen Universe"; conversely, Blavatsky used the term in reference to gnosis regarding said information.

154:. In the early 1880s, Blavatsky and Olcott relocated to India, where they established the Society's headquarters at 5973: 5893: 5694: 4771:

The Re-Enchantment of the West Volume. 1: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occulture

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lost a third of its membership over the coming few years. Besant died in 1933, when the Society was taken over by

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Hammer, Olav (2009). "Schism and Consolidation: The Case of the Theosophical Movement". In James R. Lewis (ed.).

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Bevir, Mark (1994). "The West Turns Eastward: Madame Blavatsky and the Transformation of the Occult Tradition".

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Judge left no clear successor as leader of the Theosophical Society in America, but the position was taken by

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Vinitsky, Ilya (2006). "Where Bobok Is Buried: The Theosophical Roots of Dostoevskii's "Fantastic Realism"".

1982:

Both turned out to be "positivistic religions," offering a seemingly logical theology based on pseudoscience.

95:

As presented by Blavatsky, Theosophy teaches that there is an ancient and secretive brotherhood of spiritual

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In December 1908, Leadbeater was readmitted to the Society; this generated a wave of resignations, with the

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Kraft, Siv Ellen (2002). ""To Mix or Not to Mix": Syncretism/Anti-Syncretism in the History of Theosophy".

847:, before also dying. According to this belief, the human then moves into its mental body in a realm called 764: 6160: 6156: 6049: 5978: 5968: 5744: 1592: 1567: 1290: 361: 334: 269: 81: 1460: 1262:

Theosophy also exerted an influence on the arts, and was especially formative for many early pioneers of

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In the United States, Judge had been devoting himself to the promotion of Theosophy with little success.

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Charjes, Julie (2016). "Blavatsky and Monotheism: Towards the Historicisation of a Critical Category".

1362: 859:. Blavatsky taught that the soul remained in devachan for 1000 to 1500 years, although the Theosophist 5265:

Kirkley, Evelyn A. (1998). ""Equality of the Sexes, But…": Women in Point Loma Theosophy, 1899–1942".

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of late 19th century Austria and Germany, it syncretized to form an eclectic occult movement known as

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Blavatsky taught that on the death of the body, the astral body survives for a time in a state called

315: 6185: 6165: 6024: 5888: 5785: 5760: 5719: 1445: 1438: 1366: 1302: 982:. Theosophy would inherit the idea – then popular in the United States – that emphasized the idea of 687:

Theosophy teaches that human evolution is tied in with this planetary and wider cosmic evolution. In

601: 430: 413: 319: 191:, California. At its height in 1895, there were 102 American branches with nearly 6,000 members. The 143: 56:, and based largely on her writings, it draws heavily from both older European philosophies such as 6044: 5799: 4902:

Taves, Brian (1985). "Philosophy Into Popular Fiction: Talbot Mundy and The Theosophical Society".

4404:

Spirit Matters: Occult Beliefs, Alternative Religions, and the Crisis of Faith in Victorian Britain

1087: 963: 907: 700: 435: 405: 382: 355: 276: 203: 170: 89: 76:. Although many adherents maintain that Theosophy is not a religion, it is variably categorized by 20: 6289: 5952: 5932: 5925: 5908: 5754: 5734: 5668: 5663: 5540: 5532: 5503: 5495: 5466: 5458: 5429: 5391: 5362: 5311: 5282: 5209: 5200:

Dixon, Joy (1997). "Sexology and the Occult: Sexuality and Subjectivity in Theosophy's New Age".

5150: 5110: 5102: 5069: 5019: 4919: 4596: 1317: 1278:, who was interested in Theosophy and Theosophical ideas about colour. The Dutch abstract artist 1071: 987: 874:

Besant and Leadbeater said they were able to investigate people's past lives through reading the

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Prothero, Stephen (1993). "From Spiritualism to Theosophy: "Uplifting" a Democratic Tradition".

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included Theosophical themes in many of his works. He had abandoned his previous allegiance to

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newspaper, and after continuing to promote Indian independence in the paper's pages during the

711:

in southern England, and that they also mated with "she-animals", resulting in the creation of

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Scott, J. Barton (2009). "Miracle Publics: Theosophy, Christianity, and the Coulomb Affair".

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on 7 September 1875, Blavatsky, Olcott, and Judge agreed to establish an organisation, with

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Bryson, Mary E. (1977). "Metaphors for Freedom: Theosophy and the Irish Literary Revival".

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No Religion Higher than Truth: A History of the Theosophical Movement in Russia, 1875–1922

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No Religion Higher Than Truth: A History of the Theosophical Movement in Russia, 1875-1922

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and other esoteric group that believe in the Akashic Plane. The series also ties in the

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and Wedgewood — who was implicated in the allegations — resigned from the organization.

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By 1911, the Theosophical Society was involved in projects connected to a range of

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New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought

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Many early scholars of religion dismissed Theosophy as being not worthy of study;

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Santucci, James A. (2012). "Theosophy". In Olav Hammer; Mikael Rothstein (eds.).

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Correspondences: An Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism

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Correspondences: An Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism

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developed much of his interest in Hindu culture after being given a copy of the

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into Theosophical doctrine, using it to replace her metempsychosis doctrine. In

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Santucci, James A. (2006). "Theosophical Society". In Wouter Hanegraaff (ed.).

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In 1980, Campbell noted that Theosophical books were selling at record levels.

572:. However, the most prominent Masters to appear in Theosophical literature are 34:

The logo for the Theosophical Society brought together various ancient symbols.

5609:- a movie about The Theosophical Society in New York, London and Adyar (India) 5462: 5192: 5098: 4948: 4708:

Blavatsky Unveiled: The Writings of H.P. Blavatsky in modern English. Volume I

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West, some critics have perceived Theosophy's role as being largely obsolete.

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The Raja Yoga Academy and the Temple of Peace, Point Loma, San Diego, c. 1915

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Blavatsky and Olcott, two of the founding members of the Theosophical Society

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The Masters Revealed: Madame Blavatsky and the Myth of the Great White Lodge

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Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age

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The Masters Revealed: Madame Blavatsky and the Myth of the Great White Lodge

1557: 1449: 1418:, which also rested on beliefs regarding contact with the Ascended Masters. 1155: 983: 906:

political causes. In England, there were strong links between Theosophy and

840: 692: 553: 220: 188: 179:(TSA) to split from the international organization. Under Judge's successor 85: 4278:

Rose Cross Over the Baltic: The Spread of Rosicrucianism in Northern Europe

489: 5374:

Prothero, Stephen (1995). "Henry Steel Olcott and "Protestant Buddhism"".

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Madame Blavatsky's Baboon: Theosophy and the Emergence of the Western Guru

4559:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1–12. 1456:, was influenced by Theosophical ideas in creating his own occult system. 1305:

having an interest in the movement. The American adventure fiction writer

1131:, who led it until 1945; the group's activities were greatly curtailed by 6210: 5576: 1667: 1321: 1147: 896: 856: 848: 724: 712: 704: 633: 629: 396: 330: 207: 184: 73: 69: 42: 5499: 5154: 5106: 4923: 5536: 5491: 5395: 5366: 5315: 5213: 5073: 5023: 2583: 2581: 1484: 1370: 1074:, and pronounced him to be the next incarnation of a figure called the 737: 541: 533: 237: 480: 5146: 4936: 4915: 4646: 1963:. Princeton Legacy Library. Princeton University Press. p. 136. 1346:

cites Theosophy as a direct influence in the writing and creation of

1067: 927: 852: 699:, which then had a mild climate. The third lived on the continent of 112: 5528: 4727:

The Paranormal and Popular Culture: A Postmodern Religious Landscape

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In 1884, Olcott established the first Scottish lodge, in Edinburgh.

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instantly project their soul out of their body to any other location

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The term was not new; originally it appeared in the works of early

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UFOs, Conspiracy Theories and the New Age: Millennial Conspiracism

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in the late 19th century. Founded primarily by Russian mystic and

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Theosophy, Imagination, Tradition: Studies in Western Esotericism

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Fashionable Occultism:TheTheosophical World of Aleksandr Scriabin

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The Theosophical Society: The History of a Spiritualist Movement

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Godwin, Joscelyn (1994b). "Foreword". In K. Paul Johnson (ed.).

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Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions

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Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions

1815: 1813: 1811: 1320:, whose metaphysical and mystical views greatly influenced his 5566: 5412:

Santucci, James A. (2008). "The Notion of Race in Theosophy".

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Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (2017). "The Theosophical Imagination".

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Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement

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had been coined by "the Alexandrian philosophers", especially

202:

Building upon Blavatsky's ideals, modern Theosophy emphasizes

5601: 1146:. In 1897, Tingley had established a Theosophical community, 1114:. One of the most prominent figures to switch allegiance was 890:

The Theosophical seal as door decoration in Budapest, Hungary

740:, a figure from Hinduism. They also said that he had entered 5613: 5582: 5162:

Charjes, Julie (2012). "Metempsychosis and Reincarnation in

4055:, European Journal of Theology and Philosophy, 2 (5): 8-13 . 5405:

The White Buddhist: The Asian Odyssey of Henry Steel Olcott

5083:"Theosophy and the Origins of the Indian National Congress" 4868:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 231–246. 4075:, Journal of Social and Development Sciences. 9 (3): 21–46. 4046:

Rudolf Steiner: From Theosophy to Anthroposophy (1902–1913)

3792: 3790: 3753: 3751: 3738: 3736: 3456: 3454: 3429: 3427: 3278: 3276: 3274: 1118:. The United Lodge of Theosophists had been established in 939:

Christianity and Theosophy § Theosophical Christianity

375: 348: 103:, who are found around the world but primarily centered in 5355:

Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation

5225:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 196–217. 4512:

The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction

3093: 3091: 2923: 2921: 824:, Blavatsky taught a doctrine called "metempsychosis". In 4935:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. 4645:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. 4423:

Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism

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Chajes, Julie (2017). "Reincarnation in H.P. Blavatsky's

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The Theosophical Society did not prescribe any specific

4465:. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 2872: 2870: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2145: 2143: 4603:. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. pp. 206–226. 6310:

Religious belief systems founded in the United States

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Scholars have also classified Theosophy as a form of

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Madame Blavatsky: The Mother of Modern Spirituality

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The Library of Rudolf Steiner: The Books in English

3945:Dr John Algeo. 'Theosophy and the Zeitgeist', from 1015:, who used them as the basis of his critical book, 4866:The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements 4729:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 68–77. 4619: 4488: 4356:Divine Feminine: Theosophy and Feminism in England 4315: 3961:Spiritual Dimensions in the Music of Edmund Rubbra 1222:A Theosophical bookshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina 4933:Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production 4643:Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production 1437:on 28 December 1912 and he was expelled from the 1429:, a philosophy influenced by Theosophical ideas. 5579:- large collection of Theosophy related articles 1377:Influence on other religious and esoteric groups 4406:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 4235: 4223: 4160: 3852:(New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 2018). 3836: 3820: 3706: 2660: 2089: 2005: 1819: 1786: 1452:. The most prominent Ariosophist, the Austrian 1381: 1282:was also influenced by Theosophical symbolism. 948: 5346:Karma and Rebirth: Post Classical Developments 4626:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 4579:Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed 4444:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1316:The turn-of-the-20th century Russian composer 1090:. They then split from that to form their own 962:immigration, and the growing understanding of 162:. Blavatsky described her ideas in two books, 6076: 5629: 5348:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 4322:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 8: 6092:New religious movements in the United States 4885:The Occult Imagination in Britain: 1875–1947 4847:Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism 4830:. London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic. 4809:The Occult Imagination in Britain: 1875–1947 4601:The Occult Imagination in Britain: 1875–1947 4425:. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 4299:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 131:upon bodily death according to a process of 45:and philosophical system established in the 5569:– website associated with the independent, 5376:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 5054:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 5033:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 5004:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 4749:Madame Blavatsky: The Woman Behind the Myth 1459:In the United States during the 1930s, the 115:position that there exists a single divine 6083: 6069: 6061: 5636: 5622: 5614: 3934:Journal of the Scriabin Society of America 2371: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2134: 2085: 2001: 1932: 1867: 1499:Theosophy Hall in Manhattan, New York City 1350:, which itself includes a 'white lodge.' 4144: 2105: 1944: 691:, Blavatsky advocated the idea of seven " 675:According to Blavatsky's teaching, every 16:Religion established in the United States 5407:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 4132: 4120: 4108: 4028: 4016: 4004: 3992: 3885: 3873: 3861: 3832: 3808: 3796: 3769: 3757: 3742: 3727: 3682: 3628: 3616: 3604: 3592: 3580: 3568: 3556: 3544: 3532: 3520: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3445: 3433: 3418: 3406: 3390: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3145: 3133: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3070: 3058: 3046: 3034: 3022: 3010: 2995: 2980: 2927: 2912: 2861: 2849: 2837: 2825: 2786: 2782: 2770: 2741: 2729: 2677: 2644: 2603: 2587: 2568: 2556: 2539: 2522: 2510: 2495: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2398: 2383: 2323: 2308: 2296: 2275: 2252: 2225: 2213: 2185: 2173: 2161: 2021: 1993: 1879: 1843: 1802: 1790: 1778: 1743: 1731: 1719: 1702: 1393:— Olav Hammer and Mikael Rothstein, 2013 450:by those who opposed their innovations. 429:Alternately, the scholar of esotericism 6228: 5602:Theosophy Network library and resources 4773:. London: T&T Clark International. 4691:. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin. 4247: 4096: 4084: 2648: 2632: 2607: 2591: 2572: 2237: 2093: 2069: 2049: 2009: 1903: 1831: 1782: 1690: 1634: 1174:Theosophical Society lodge building in 768:Statue of Blavatsky and Olcott at Adyar 195:-based Society was later taken over by 5087:International Journal of Hindu Studies 4710:. London: Martin Firrell Company Ltd. 4259: 4206: 4187: 4172: 4032: 3640: 3394: 3378: 2939: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2810: 2798: 2758: 2710: 2698: 2149: 2122: 2061: 2045: 2033: 760:Personal development and reincarnation 5135:The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 4849:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1114–1123. 4156: 3909: 3897: 3694: 2968: 2956: 2201: 2189: 1997: 1920: 1891: 1855: 1766: 1747: 7: 5223:Sacred Schisms: How Religions Divide 4790:Handbook of the Theosophical Current 4557:Handbook of the Theosophical Current 3781: 3082: 866:Theosophy espouses the existence of 310:At a meeting of the Miracle Club in 5793:The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett 5202:Journal of the History of Sexuality 4514:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3936:, 12:1, Winter 2007-2008, pp. 54-62 3653:Ravelli, Sandy (13 November 2012). 588:. According to scholar of religion 391:, possibly originating in the 1575 4510:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2008). 4495:. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. 1123:within the Theosophical movement. 1047:and helping to establish both the 1026:Besant with the child Krishnamurti 548:, Asian religious figures such as 14: 5593:Online Literature about Theosophy 1242:Influence on the arts and culture 560:, and modern individuals such as 417:, Blavatsky claims that the term 318:suggesting that they call it the 281:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn 248:Theosophy's founder, the Russian 183:, a Theosophical community named 142:in 1875 with the founding of the 6267: 6255: 6243: 6231: 4978:. London: Secker & Warburg. 1274:and pioneering abstract painter 650:Theosophy and Western philosophy 576:(sometimes spelled Kuthumi) and 488: 479: 5121:from the original on 2021-12-22 3665:from the original on 2020-06-17 1672:Theosophical Society in America 1613:Theosophical Society in America 1469:Church Universal and Triumphant 1063:, a largely honorary position. 234:Church Universal and Triumphant 177:Theosophical Society in America 6201:The Power of Positive Thinking 4442:The Theosophical Enlightenment 1: 6035:Order of the Star in the East 5899:Theosophical Society Pasadena 5652:Theosophical Society founders 5597:Theosophical Society Pasadena 5181:Journal of Religion in Europe 4904:Southern California Quarterly 4402:Franklin, J. Jeffrey (2018). 4378:Access to Western Esotericism 1080:Order of the Star in the East 916:Women's Coronation Procession 818: 138:Theosophy was established in 5904:United Lodge of Theosophists 5587:United Lodge of Theosophists 4826:Robertson, David G. (2016). 4581:. London: Bloomsbury Press. 4533:. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 1112:United Lodge of Theosophists 376: 349: 6300:Esoteric schools of thought 5323:Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2012). 5016:10.1093/jaarel/XLVIII.2.207 4295:Campbell, Bruce F. (1980). 4236:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 4224:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 4161:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 3848:Bashkoff, T., ed., et al., 3837:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 3821:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 3707:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 1820:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 1787:Hammer & Rothstein 2013 1537:Blavatsky Unveiled Volume 1 863:said that it was only 200. 608:The ancient wisdom religion 146:by Blavatsky and Americans 6331: 5894:Theosophical Society Adyar 5607:The Day of the White Lotus 5563:– online Blavatsky archive 5403:Prothero, Stephen (1996). 5388:10.1093/jaarel/LXIII.2.281 5308:10.1163/156852702760186754 4974:Washington, Peter (1993). 4421:Gardell, Matthias (2003). 4389:. SUNY Press. p. 12. 3655:"Theosophy in New Zealand" 1608:Theosophical Society Adyar 1045:Women's Indian Association 1033:Charles Webster Leadbeater 968:Free Religious Association 936: 861:Charles Webster Leadbeater 647: 448:Charles Webster Leadbeater 365: 338: 25:Theosophy (disambiguation) 18: 5947:The Theosophical Movement 5193:10.1163/18748929-00902008 5099:10.1007/s11407-003-0005-4 5066:10.1093/jaarel/LXII.3.747 4949:10.1163/9789004226487_006 4659:10.1163/9789004226487_008 4618:Johnson, K. Paul (1994). 4485:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas 4440:Godwin, Joscelyn (1994). 4276:Åkerman, Susanna (1998). 1603:Theosophy and visual arts 1463:group was established by 1444:As Theosophy entered the 986:and the inevitability of 956:— Bruce F. Campbell, 1980 5814:The Voice of the Silence 5583:Theosophy Library Online 5573:journal of the same name 5329:. Universal-Publishers. 4385:Faivre, Antoine (2000). 3947:The American Theosophist 1957:Carlson, Maria (2015) . 1598:Theosophy and literature 1435:Anthroposophical Society 1425:in 1913, which promoted 1423:Anthroposophical Society 1061:Indian National Congress 912:Universal Co-Freemasonry 895:instance by encouraging 851:, which she compared to 843:, which she compared to 806:The Voice of the Silence 393:Arbatel De Magia Veterum 6305:New religious movements 5434:10.1525/nr.2008.11.3.37 5426:10.1525/nr.2008.11.3.37 5287:10.1525/nr.1998.1.2.272 5279:10.1525/nr.1998.1.2.272 4314:Carlson, Maria (1993). 4147:, pp. 25, 133–134. 2012:, pp. 130–31, 136. 1092:Liberal Catholic Church 1017:Isis Very Much Unveiled 932:Liberal Catholic Church 914:marched as part of the 812:Reincarnation and karma 793:), the Spiritual Soul ( 731:Maitreya and messianism 6050:Theosophical mysticism 5831:Philosophical concepts 5745:Constance Wachtmeister 5595:– associated with the 5585:– associated with the 5561:Blavatsky Study Center 5480:Historical Archaeology 4767:Partridge, Christopher 4706:Laramie, Moon (2020). 4111:, pp. 1, 161–163. 1593:New religious movement 1568:Hinduism and Theosophy 1500: 1471:. The Canadian mystic 1390: 1363:Archer & Armstrong 1223: 1191: 1179: 1106: 1086:became bishops in the 1027: 953: 944:Historical development 899:even within marriage. 891: 769: 672: 654:Theosophy promotes an 644:Theology and cosmology 307: 270:new religious movement 82:new religious movement 35: 23:. For other uses, see 6106:Purification movement 5863:Universal Brotherhood 5807:Theosophical Glossary 5725:Rukmini Devi Arundale 5705:Gottfried de Purucker 5045:10.1093/jaarel/lft095 4529:Hammer, Olav (2001). 1498: 1253:Alfred Russel Wallace 1221: 1186:Theosophical Hall in 1185: 1173: 1160:Gottfried de Purucker 1104: 1049:Central Hindu College 1025: 889: 767: 670: 566:Alessandro Cagliostro 458:Beliefs and teachings 305: 289:Christopher Partridge 213:unexplained phenomena 33: 6186:Azusa Street Revival 6166:Ghost Dance movement 5889:Theosophical Society 5786:The Key to Theosophy 5567:Theosophical History 5443:History of Religions 5168:Theosophical History 5081:Bevir, Mark (2003). 4751:. New York: Putnam. 4653:. pp. 153–170. 4031:, pp. 155–158; 3499:, pp. 131, 133. 3475:, pp. 128, 130. 2661:Goodrick-Clarke 2008 2090:Goodrick-Clarke 2004 2006:Goodrick-Clarke 2004 1846:, pp. xiv, 192. 1525:Theosophical History 1439:Theosophical Society 1303:William Butler Yeats 1210:Reception and legacy 785:), the Animal Soul ( 781:), the Astral Body ( 746:the latter's baptism 602:Edward Bulwer-Lytton 438:movement. The term " 431:Wouter J. Hanegraaff 414:The Key to Theosophy 320:Theosophical Society 256:Scholars of religion 144:Theosophical Society 111:. Theosophy holds a 6315:Western esotericism 6161:Jehovah's Witnesses 6045:Spiritual evolution 5800:The Secret Doctrine 4943:. pp. 99–131. 4597:Introvigne, Massimo 4354:Dixon, Joy (2001). 4339:The Secret Doctrine 4135:, pp. 163–165. 4064:Paull, John (2018) 4044:Paull, John (2022). 4019:, pp. 150–153. 3995:, pp. 240–241. 3958:Cradduck, Lucinda. 3912:, pp. 157–159. 3888:, pp. 165–169. 3876:, pp. 170–171. 3864:, pp. 169–170. 3595:, pp. 141–142. 3583:, pp. 140–141. 3559:, pp. 138–139. 3535:, pp. 135–137. 3448:, pp. 143–144. 3409:, pp. 126–127. 3357:, pp. 125–126. 3333:, pp. 119–120. 3309:, pp. 123–124. 3297:, pp. 122–123. 3268:, pp. 117–118. 3244:, pp. 115–116. 3232:, pp. 114–115. 3220:, pp. 113–114. 3196:, pp. 110–111. 3172:, pp. 108–109. 3160:, pp. 107–108. 3136:, pp. 105–106. 3124:, pp. 104–105. 2983:, pp. 196–197. 2610:, pp. 255–256. 2176:, pp. 233–234. 1805:, pp. 72, 196. 1781:, pp. 38, 72; 1144:his own rival group 1088:Old Catholic Church 964:evolutionary theory 908:first-wave feminism 882:Morality and ethics 834:The Secret Doctrine 797:), and the Spirit ( 789:), the Human Soul ( 689:The Secret Doctrine 682:The Secret Doctrine 520:and the ability to 436:Christian theosophy 329:, as a synonym for 277:Western esotericism 204:mystical experience 187:was established in 171:The Secret Doctrine 119:and articulates an 90:Western esotericism 21:Christian theosophy 5994:Western philosophy 5962:In relation to ... 5771:Theosophical texts 5755:Jiddu Krishnamurti 5735:Walter Evans-Wentz 5669:Henry Steel Olcott 5664:William Quan Judge 5589:, Phoenix, Arizona 5492:10.1007/BF03376717 5231:Hanegraaff, Wouter 4575:Hanegraaff, Wouter 4071:2019-02-08 at the 4051:2022-10-12 at the 3966:2023-04-10 at the 3928:2023-04-04 at the 2864:, pp. 70, 71. 2785:, pp. 38–39; 2647:, pp. 44–45; 2525:, pp. 43, 63. 2004:, pp. 53–54; 1996:, pp. 27–28; 1870:, pp. 130–31. 1666:Porzelt, Beverly. 1647:www.britannica.com 1513:Ocean of Theosophy 1501: 1491:Scholarly research 1414:, established the 1318:Alexander Scriabin 1255:, and the chemist 1224: 1192: 1180: 1107: 1072:Jiddu Krishnamurti 1028: 892: 770: 750:Jiddu Krishnamurti 673: 590:Massimo Introvigne 586:Hermann Schmiechen 499:Hermann Schmiechen 389:Renaissance period 360:'god' and 333:. It derives from 308: 152:William Quan Judge 78:religious scholars 36: 6219: 6218: 6152:Christian Science 6058: 6057: 6040:Plane (cosmology) 5853:Astral projection 5740:Bertram Keightley 5237:. Leiden: Brill. 4985:978-0-436-56418-5 4958:978-90-04-22187-1 4894:978-1-4724-8698-1 4856:978-90-04-15231-1 4837:978-1-350-04498-2 4818:978-1-4724-8698-1 4799:978-90-04-23596-0 4758:978-0-399-12376-4 4736:978-1-138-73857-7 4698:978-1-58542-863-2 4668:978-90-04-22187-1 4610:978-1-4724-8698-1 4566:978-90-04-23596-0 4553:Rothstein, Mikael 4540:978-90-04-13638-0 4502:978-1-55643-457-0 4432:978-0-8223-3071-4 3659:Theosophy Forward 3397:, pp. 88–89. 2903:, pp. 80–81. 2773:, pp. 38–39. 2440:, pp. 37–38. 2311:, pp. 55–56. 1970:978-1-4008-7279-4 1947:, pp. 90–91. 1446:Völkisch movement 1367:Völkisch movement 1361:universe series " 1311:Christian Science 1276:Wassily Kandinsky 1140:Katherine Tingley 1013:F. Edmund Garrett 976:Christian Science 742:Jesus of Nazareth 386: 374: 359: 347: 285:Wouter Hanegraaff 208:esoteric doctrine 181:Katherine Tingley 6322: 6295:Helena Blavatsky 6272: 6271: 6270: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6236: 6235: 6227: 6085: 6078: 6071: 6062: 5715:Nicholas Roerich 5700:Arthur E. Powell 5659:Helena Blavatsky 5638: 5631: 5624: 5615: 5577:Modern Theosophy 5548: 5511: 5474: 5437: 5408: 5399: 5370: 5349: 5340: 5319: 5290: 5261: 5248: 5226: 5217: 5196: 5187:(2–3): 247–275. 5175: 5158: 5147:10.2307/25512386 5129: 5127: 5126: 5077: 5048: 5027: 4989: 4970: 4941:Brill Publishers 4927: 4916:10.2307/41171147 4898: 4879: 4860: 4841: 4822: 4803: 4784: 4762: 4740: 4721: 4702: 4680: 4651:Brill Publishers 4637: 4625: 4614: 4592: 4570: 4544: 4525: 4506: 4494: 4491:Helena Blavatsky 4480: 4455: 4436: 4417: 4400: 4381: 4369: 4350: 4333: 4321: 4310: 4291: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4210: 4204: 4191: 4185: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4062: 4056: 4042: 4036: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3956: 3950: 3943: 3937: 3921:Maria Carlson. ' 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3840: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3746: 3740: 3731: 3725: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 2999: 2993: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2681: 2675: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2611: 2601: 2595: 2585: 2576: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2543: 2537: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2499: 2493: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2279: 2273: 2256: 2250: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2083: 2077: 2059: 2053: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2019: 2013: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1894:, pp. 3, 5. 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1751: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1639: 1583:Nicholas Roerich 1394: 1287:Charles Johnston 1251:, the biologist 1188:Palmerston North 957: 823: 820: 492: 483: 406:Christian mystic 381: 379: 369: 367: 354: 352: 342: 340: 316:Charles Sotheran 250:Helena Blavatsky 66:Indian religions 54:Helena Blavatsky 6330: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6230: 6222: 6220: 6215: 6196:Nation of Islam 6191:Moorish Science 6170: 6135: 6094: 6089: 6059: 6054: 5998: 5957: 5940:The Theosophist 5913: 5884:Blavatsky Lodge 5872: 5838:Akashic records 5826: 5766: 5695:C.W. Leadbeater 5673: 5647: 5642: 5612: 5556: 5551: 5529:10.2307/4148662 5514: 5477: 5440: 5411: 5402: 5373: 5352: 5343: 5337: 5322: 5293: 5264: 5251: 5245: 5229: 5220: 5199: 5178: 5161: 5132: 5124: 5122: 5080: 5051: 5030: 5001: 4997: 4995:Further reading 4992: 4986: 4973: 4959: 4930: 4901: 4895: 4882: 4876: 4863: 4857: 4844: 4838: 4825: 4819: 4806: 4800: 4787: 4781: 4765: 4759: 4743: 4737: 4724: 4718: 4705: 4699: 4683: 4669: 4640: 4634: 4617: 4611: 4595: 4589: 4573: 4567: 4547: 4541: 4528: 4522: 4509: 4503: 4483: 4477: 4458: 4452: 4439: 4433: 4420: 4414: 4401: 4397: 4384: 4374:Faivre, Antoine 4372: 4366: 4353: 4336: 4330: 4313: 4307: 4294: 4288: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4238:, pp. 3–4. 4234: 4230: 4222: 4213: 4205: 4194: 4186: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4155: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4073:Wayback Machine 4063: 4059: 4053:Wayback Machine 4043: 4039: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3968:Wayback Machine 3957: 3953: 3944: 3940: 3930:Wayback Machine 3920: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3847: 3843: 3835:, p. 169; 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3749: 3741: 3734: 3726: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3668: 3666: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3603: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3393:, p. 126; 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3073:, p. 1115. 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3037:, pp. 8–9. 3033: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3009: 3002: 2994: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2781: 2777: 2769: 2765: 2757: 2748: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2684: 2676: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2614: 2602: 2598: 2586: 2579: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2546: 2538: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2502: 2494: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2397: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2372:Introvigne 2018 2370: 2366: 2360:Introvigne 2018 2358: 2354: 2348:Introvigne 2018 2346: 2342: 2336:Introvigne 2018 2334: 2330: 2322: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2282: 2274: 2259: 2251: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2220: 2216:, p. 1114. 2212: 2208: 2204:, pp. 3–4. 2200: 2196: 2188:, p. 191; 2184: 2180: 2172: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2141: 2135:Hanegraaff 2013 2133: 2129: 2121: 2112: 2104: 2100: 2086:Washington 1993 2084: 2080: 2060: 2056: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2028: 2020: 2016: 2002:Washington 1993 2000:, p. 151; 1992: 1988: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1933:Hanegraaff 2013 1931: 1927: 1919: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1890: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1868:Hanegraaff 2013 1866: 1862: 1854: 1850: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1818: 1809: 1801: 1797: 1785:, p. xix; 1777: 1773: 1765: 1754: 1746:, p. 196; 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1709: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1676: 1674: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1651: 1649: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1553: 1493: 1396: 1392: 1379: 1257:William Crookes 1244: 1212: 1168: 1129:George Arundale 1057:First World War 1008: 959: 955: 946: 941: 924: 884: 821: 814: 762: 744:at the time of 733: 652: 646: 610: 513: 512: 511: 510: 495: 494: 493: 485: 484: 473: 460: 423:Ammonius Saccas 300: 265:Joscelyn Godwin 246: 109:world religions 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6328: 6326: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6264: 6252: 6240: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6182:Pentecostalism 6178: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6157:Bible Students 6154: 6149: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6131:Rosicrucianism 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6080: 6073: 6065: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5929: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5710:Helena Roerich 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5618: 5611: 5610: 5604: 5599: 5590: 5580: 5574: 5564: 5557: 5555: 5554:External links 5552: 5550: 5549: 5523:(3): 523–543. 5512: 5486:(1): 100–118. 5475: 5463:10.1086/649525 5455:10.1086/649525 5449:(2): 172–196. 5438: 5409: 5400: 5382:(2): 281–302. 5371: 5361:(2): 197–216. 5350: 5341: 5335: 5320: 5302:(2): 142–177. 5291: 5273:(2): 272–288. 5262: 5249: 5244:978-9004106956 5243: 5227: 5218: 5208:(3): 409–433. 5197: 5176: 5159: 5130: 5078: 5060:(3): 747–767. 5049: 5039:(2): 398–426. 5028: 5010:(2): 207–231. 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4984: 4971: 4957: 4928: 4910:(2): 153–186. 4899: 4893: 4880: 4875:978-0521145657 4874: 4861: 4855: 4842: 4836: 4823: 4817: 4804: 4798: 4785: 4780:978-0567084088 4779: 4763: 4757: 4741: 4735: 4722: 4717:978-0993178696 4716: 4703: 4697: 4681: 4667: 4638: 4633:978-0791420645 4632: 4615: 4609: 4593: 4588:978-1441136466 4587: 4571: 4565: 4545: 4539: 4526: 4521:978-0195320992 4520: 4507: 4501: 4481: 4476:978-0791420645 4475: 4456: 4451:978-0791421512 4450: 4437: 4431: 4418: 4412: 4395: 4382: 4370: 4364: 4351: 4334: 4329:978-0691636337 4328: 4311: 4306:978-0520039681 4305: 4292: 4286: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4252: 4240: 4228: 4211: 4192: 4177: 4165: 4149: 4145:Robertson 2016 4137: 4125: 4123:, p. 163. 4113: 4101: 4089: 4077: 4057: 4037: 4021: 4009: 4007:, p. 148. 3997: 3985: 3973: 3951: 3938: 3914: 3902: 3900:, p. 153. 3890: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3850:Hilma Af Klint 3841: 3825: 3813: 3811:, p. 201. 3801: 3799:, p. vii. 3786: 3774: 3772:, p. 172. 3762: 3760:, p. 165. 3747: 3745:, p. 240. 3732: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3645: 3633: 3631:, p. 177. 3621: 3619:, p. 175. 3609: 3607:, p. 147. 3597: 3585: 3573: 3571:, p. 137. 3561: 3549: 3547:, p. 138. 3537: 3525: 3523:, p. 135. 3513: 3511:, p. 134. 3501: 3489: 3487:, p. 130. 3477: 3465: 3463:, p. 128. 3450: 3438: 3436:, p. 143. 3423: 3421:, p. 127. 3411: 3399: 3383: 3371: 3369:, p. 126. 3359: 3347: 3345:, p. 121. 3335: 3323: 3321:, p. 124. 3311: 3299: 3287: 3285:, p. 119. 3270: 3258: 3256:, p. 116. 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3208:, p. 111. 3198: 3186: 3184:, p. 110. 3174: 3162: 3150: 3148:, p. 106. 3138: 3126: 3114: 3112:, p. 103. 3102: 3100:, p. 104. 3087: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3000: 2985: 2973: 2961: 2944: 2942:, p. 348. 2932: 2930:, p. 194. 2917: 2905: 2893: 2881: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2789:, p. 235. 2775: 2763: 2746: 2734: 2715: 2703: 2682: 2665: 2663:, p. 223. 2653: 2651:, p. 256. 2637: 2635:, p. 256. 2612: 2606:, p. 44; 2596: 2594:, p. 255. 2590:, p. 44; 2577: 2575:, p. 256. 2571:, p. 44; 2561: 2544: 2527: 2515: 2500: 2481: 2469: 2457: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2403: 2388: 2386:, p. 199. 2376: 2374:, p. 220. 2364: 2362:, p. 214. 2352: 2350:, p. 212. 2340: 2338:, p. 206. 2328: 2313: 2301: 2280: 2257: 2242: 2230: 2228:, p. 191. 2218: 2206: 2194: 2178: 2166: 2164:, p. 233. 2154: 2139: 2137:, p. 130. 2127: 2125:, p. xii. 2110: 2108:, p. 325. 2106:Partridge 2013 2098: 2096:, p. 133. 2088:, p. 55; 2078: 2054: 2052:, p. 132. 2048:, p. 24; 2038: 2026: 2024:, p. 232. 2014: 1986: 1969: 1949: 1945:Partridge 2004 1937: 1935:, p. 131. 1925: 1908: 1896: 1884: 1872: 1860: 1848: 1836: 1834:, p. xix. 1824: 1807: 1795: 1793:, p. 192. 1771: 1752: 1736: 1734:, p. 234. 1724: 1722:, p. 196. 1707: 1705:, p. 193. 1695: 1693:, p. 137. 1683: 1658: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1578:Helena Roerich 1575: 1570: 1565: 1563:Benjamin Creme 1560: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1517:Robert Ellwood 1492: 1489: 1454:Guido von List 1431:Rudolf Steiner 1404:Rudolf Steiner 1380: 1378: 1375: 1359:Valiant Comics 1355:Obadiah Archer 1353:The character 1291:George Russell 1268:Hilma af Klint 1243: 1240: 1229:Mahatma Gandhi 1211: 1208: 1167: 1164: 1084:J. I. Wedgwood 1007: 1006:Post-Blavatsky 1004: 947: 945: 942: 923: 920: 883: 880: 876:akashic record 813: 810: 761: 758: 732: 729: 645: 642: 609: 606: 550:Gautama Buddha 497: 496: 487: 486: 478: 477: 476: 475: 474: 472: 469: 459: 456: 411:. In her book 402:Philaletheians 327:Church Fathers 299: 296: 245: 242: 84:and a form of 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6327: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6275: 6265: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6225: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6086: 6081: 6079: 6074: 6072: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6030:Neo-Theosophy 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015:Anthroposophy 6013: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5779:Isis Unveiled 5776: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5720:A. P. Sinnett 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5627: 5625: 5620: 5619: 5616: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5571:peer-reviewed 5568: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5517:Slavic Review 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5336:9781612335537 5332: 5328: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5164:Isis Unveiled 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5093:(1): 99–115. 5092: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4745:Meade, Marion 4742: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4685:Lachman, Gary 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4624: 4623: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4493: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4413:9781501715440 4409: 4405: 4398: 4396:9780791444368 4392: 4388: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4365:0-8018-6499-2 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4331: 4325: 4320: 4319: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4262:, p. 19. 4261: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4209:, p. 18. 4208: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4190:, p. 17. 4189: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4175:, p. 68. 4174: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4159:, p. 4; 4158: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4133:Campbell 1980 4129: 4126: 4122: 4121:Campbell 1980 4117: 4114: 4110: 4109:Campbell 1980 4105: 4102: 4099:, p. 23. 4098: 4093: 4090: 4087:, p. 22. 4086: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4035:, p. 86. 4034: 4030: 4029:Campbell 1980 4025: 4022: 4018: 4017:Campbell 1980 4013: 4010: 4006: 4005:Campbell 1980 4001: 3998: 3994: 3993:Santucci 2012 3989: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3886:Campbell 1980 3882: 3879: 3875: 3874:Campbell 1980 3870: 3867: 3863: 3862:Campbell 1980 3858: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3839:, p. 10. 3838: 3834: 3833:Campbell 1980 3829: 3826: 3823:, p. 10. 3822: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3809:Campbell 1980 3805: 3802: 3798: 3797:Campbell 1980 3793: 3791: 3787: 3784:, p. 36. 3783: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3770:Campbell 1980 3766: 3763: 3759: 3758:Campbell 1980 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3743:Santucci 2012 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3728:Campbell 1980 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3697:, p. 10. 3696: 3691: 3688: 3685:, p. 94. 3684: 3683:Campbell 1980 3679: 3676: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3646: 3643:, p. 86. 3642: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3629:Campbell 1980 3625: 3622: 3618: 3617:Campbell 1980 3613: 3610: 3606: 3605:Campbell 1980 3601: 3598: 3594: 3593:Campbell 1980 3589: 3586: 3582: 3581:Campbell 1980 3577: 3574: 3570: 3569:Campbell 1980 3565: 3562: 3558: 3557:Campbell 1980 3553: 3550: 3546: 3545:Campbell 1980 3541: 3538: 3534: 3533:Campbell 1980 3529: 3526: 3522: 3521:Campbell 1980 3517: 3514: 3510: 3509:Campbell 1980 3505: 3502: 3498: 3497:Campbell 1980 3493: 3490: 3486: 3485:Campbell 1980 3481: 3478: 3474: 3473:Campbell 1980 3469: 3466: 3462: 3461:Campbell 1980 3457: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3446:Campbell 1980 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434:Campbell 1980 3430: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3419:Campbell 1980 3415: 3412: 3408: 3407:Campbell 1980 3403: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391:Campbell 1980 3387: 3384: 3381:, p. 88. 3380: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3367:Campbell 1980 3363: 3360: 3356: 3355:Campbell 1980 3351: 3348: 3344: 3343:Campbell 1980 3339: 3336: 3332: 3331:Campbell 1980 3327: 3324: 3320: 3319:Campbell 1980 3315: 3312: 3308: 3307:Campbell 1980 3303: 3300: 3296: 3295:Campbell 1980 3291: 3288: 3284: 3283:Campbell 1980 3279: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3266:Campbell 1980 3262: 3259: 3255: 3254:Campbell 1980 3250: 3247: 3243: 3242:Campbell 1980 3238: 3235: 3231: 3230:Campbell 1980 3226: 3223: 3219: 3218:Campbell 1980 3214: 3211: 3207: 3206:Campbell 1980 3202: 3199: 3195: 3194:Campbell 1980 3190: 3187: 3183: 3182:Campbell 1980 3178: 3175: 3171: 3170:Campbell 1980 3166: 3163: 3159: 3158:Campbell 1980 3154: 3151: 3147: 3146:Campbell 1980 3142: 3139: 3135: 3134:Campbell 1980 3130: 3127: 3123: 3122:Campbell 1980 3118: 3115: 3111: 3110:Campbell 1980 3106: 3103: 3099: 3098:Campbell 1980 3094: 3092: 3088: 3085:, p. 25. 3084: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3071:Santucci 2006 3067: 3064: 3061:, p. 19. 3060: 3059:Campbell 1980 3055: 3052: 3049:, p. 18. 3048: 3047:Campbell 1980 3043: 3040: 3036: 3035:Campbell 1980 3031: 3028: 3024: 3023:Campbell 1980 3019: 3016: 3012: 3011:Campbell 1980 3007: 3005: 3001: 2998:, p. 20. 2997: 2996:Campbell 1980 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981:Campbell 1980 2977: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2928:Campbell 1980 2924: 2922: 2918: 2915:, p. 74. 2914: 2913:Campbell 1980 2909: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2894: 2891:, p. 80. 2890: 2885: 2882: 2879:, p. 72. 2878: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862:Campbell 1980 2858: 2855: 2852:, p. 69. 2851: 2850:Campbell 1980 2846: 2843: 2840:, p. 72. 2839: 2838:Campbell 1980 2834: 2831: 2828:, p. 71. 2827: 2826:Campbell 1980 2822: 2820: 2816: 2813:, p. 91. 2812: 2807: 2804: 2801:, p. 90. 2800: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2787:Santucci 2012 2784: 2783:Campbell 1980 2779: 2776: 2772: 2771:Campbell 1980 2767: 2764: 2761:, p. 66. 2760: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2744:, p. 66. 2743: 2742:Campbell 1980 2738: 2735: 2732:, p. 68. 2731: 2730:Campbell 1980 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2713:, p. 90. 2712: 2707: 2704: 2701:, p. 85. 2700: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2680:, p. 45. 2679: 2678:Campbell 1980 2674: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2645:Campbell 1980 2641: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604:Campbell 1980 2600: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2588:Campbell 1980 2584: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2569:Campbell 1980 2565: 2562: 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