102:
546:
124:
473:
521:
461:
239:
485:
509:
534:
497:
328:
are also model organisms, used for the study of sociality, because it has evolved frequently within the genus, allowing comparative studies across species, and because it contains species varying from solitary to permanently social. These spiders are also a promising model for the study of inbreeding
2658:
Agnarsson I. 2006c. Phylogenetic placement of
Echinotheridion (Araneae: Theridiidae) β do male sexual organ removal, emasculation, and sexual cannibalism in Echinotheridion and Tidarren represent evolutionary replicas? Invertebrate Systematics 20: 415β429.
2685:
Arnedo, M.A., Coddington, J., Agnarsson, I. & Gillespie, R.G. (2004). From a comb to a tree: phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes.
2696:
Arnedo MA, Agnarsson I, Gillespie RG. In Press. Molecular insights into the phylogenetic structure of the spider genus
Theridion (Araneae, Theridiidae) and the origin of the Hawaiian Theridion-like fauna. Zoologica
2338:
Benjamin, Suresh P.; Zschokke, Samuel (2002). "Untangling the tangle-web: web building behaviour of the comb-footed spider
Steatoda triangulosa and comments on phylogenetic implications (Araneae: Theridiidae)".
414:) live in the webs of larger spiders and pilfer small prey caught by their host's web. They eat prey killed by the host spider, consume silk from the host web, and sometimes attack and eat the host itself.
2706:
Oxford, G.S. and
Gillespie, R.G. 1996. Genetics of a colour polymorphism in Theridion grallator (Araneae: Theridiidae), the Hawaiian happy-face spider, from greater Maui. Heredity, 76: 238β248.
2700:
Aviles, L., Maddison, W.P. and
Agnarsson, I. 2006. A new independently derived social spider with explosive colony proliferation and a female size dimorphism. Biotropica, 38: 743β753.
318:. They are important to studies characterizing their venom and its clinical manifestation, but widow spiders are also used in research on spider silk and sexual biology, including
2703:
Gillespie, R.G. and
Tabashnik, B.E. 1994. Foraging Behavior of the Hawaiian Happy Face Spider (Araneae, Theridiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87: 815β822.
385:
trap lines leading to the soil surface. Webs remain in place for extended periods and are expanded and repaired, but no regular pattern of web replacement has been observed.
2672:
Agnarsson I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 447β626.
2409:
Grostal, P.; Walter, D.E. (1997). "Kleptoparasites or commensals? Effects of
Argyrodes antipodianus (Araneae: Theridiidae) on nephila plumipes (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)".
417:
Theridiid gumfoot-webs consist of frame lines that anchor them to surroundings and of support threads, which possess viscid silk. These can either have a central retreat (
3991:
4030:
4148:
2462:"Quasistatic and continuous dynamic characterization of the mechanical properties of silk from the cobweb of the black widow spider Latrodectus hesperus"
312:
3965:
4004:
2233:"Quantum Shifts in the Genetic Control of a Colour Polymorphism in Theridion Grallator (Araneae: Theridiidae), the Hawaiian Happy-Face Spider"
2501:
Blackledge, T.A.; Zevenbergen, J.M. (2007). "Condition dependent spider web architecture in the western black widow
Latrodectus hesperus".
2663:
2602:"The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic"
2190:"A revision of the New World eximius lineage of Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae) and a phylogenetic analysis using worldwide exemplars"
2274:"What makes a happy face? Determinants of color pattern in the Hawaiian happy face spider Theridion grallator (Araneae, Theridiidae)"
2108:"Asymmetric female genitalia and other remarkable morphology in a new genus of cobweb spiders (Theridiidae, Araneae) from Madagascar"
2758:
427:-type). Building gum-foot lines is a unique, stereotyped behaviour, and is likely homologous for Theridiidae and its sister family
4102:
4153:
4009:
2691:
2189:
4017:
2676:
2897:
3874:
3851:
1986:
455:
230:
123:
3944:
4035:
341:
is used as a model to understand the selective forces and the genetic basis of color polymorphism within species.
101:
3957:
1613:β Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, North America, Europe, Central America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
496:
3791:
2721:
501:
472:
346:
2374:
Vollrath, F. (1979). "Behavior of the
Kleptoparasitic Spider Argyrodes-Elevatus (Araneae, Theridiidae)".
538:
4066:
3645:
2929:
2751:
460:
4120:
3879:
2716:
484:
4084:
2600:
Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.; Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Michalik, Peter; RamΓrez, MartΓn J. (February 2020).
2051:"The Habitats Humans Provide: Factors affecting the diversity and composition of arthropods in houses"
550:
489:
4143:
4115:
4107:
4045:
3913:
3838:
3196:
2578:
2418:
2152:
2062:
585:
513:
270:
210:
1965:
508:
3504:
581:
525:
465:
337:
296:, meaning that they spin sticky capture silk instead of woolly silk. They have a comb of serrated
3569:
3413:
2905:
2637:
2518:
2442:
2391:
2356:
2254:
477:
319:
118:
110:
2141:"Smaller colonies and more solitary living mark higher elevation populations of a social spider"
1963:
genera have also been placed in the family. The oldest known stem-group member of the family is
4071:
2660:
545:
4053:
3900:
3627:
3421:
3306:
3127:
2629:
2621:
2483:
2434:
2170:
2088:
1617:
704:
520:
4094:
3996:
3829:
1052:β Asia, South America, Europe, North America, New Zealand, Central America, Africa, Caribbean
4058:
3346:
3320:
3114:
2981:
2744:
2613:
2601:
2549:
2510:
2473:
2426:
2383:
2348:
2318:
2285:
2244:
2204:
2160:
2119:
2078:
2070:
1815:
389:
238:
2570:
3768:
3701:
3613:
3398:
3188:
3132:
2973:
2950:
2680:
2667:
1342:
1177:
1012:
748:
1833:β Asia, North America, Central America, Europe, South America, Africa, Oceania, Caribbean
986:β North America, Oceania, Asia, Central America, South America, Caribbean, Africa, Europe
2422:
2156:
2066:
3952:
3939:
3590:
3549:
3478:
3225:
3093:
3069:
3059:
3002:
2889:
2083:
2050:
1892:
1309:
1111:
533:
4137:
3554:
3541:
3483:
3404:
3390:
3364:
3354:
3325:
3212:
3183:
3101:
3032:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2834:
2641:
2554:
2537:
2387:
2323:
2306:
2209:
2165:
2140:
2124:
2107:
1974:
1866:β South America, Central America, Asia, North America, Caribbean, Greenland, Tanzania
1595:
1507:
1408:
1386:
1166:
627:
410:
305:
263:
195:
59:
3843:
2522:
2446:
2395:
2360:
1536:β Asia, Africa, North America, Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe, Costa Rica
3856:
3724:
3719:
3696:
3681:
3622:
3559:
3429:
3297:
3276:
3233:
3160:
3122:
2955:
2945:
2913:
2826:
1705:
1661:
1573:
1496:
1034:
968:
869:
836:
792:
770:
759:
570:
565:
219:
2514:
2258:
281:, and is the most common arthropod found in human dwellings throughout the world.
3905:
953:β South America, North America, Oceania, Central America, Asia, Trinidad, Belgium
678:β Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania, Central America, Caribbean
4022:
3978:
3823:
3691:
3635:
3599:
3528:
3512:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3284:
3254:
3150:
3010:
2793:
2214:
1936:
1716:
1650:
1628:
1562:
1529:
1463:
1441:
1353:
1287:
1221:
1133:
1122:
1023:
957:
946:
924:
880:
803:
682:
660:
616:
605:
594:
576:
419:
393:
315:
289:
165:
34:
2673:
2074:
3739:
3730:
3711:
3672:
3663:
3584:
3536:
3520:
3496:
3491:
3470:
3434:
3385:
3369:
3338:
3330:
3267:
3204:
3155:
3085:
3077:
3064:
3051:
2994:
2968:
2937:
2921:
2815:
2352:
1970:
1914:
1848:
1793:
1727:
1694:
1683:
1639:
1584:
1551:
1485:
1430:
1419:
1375:
1298:
1199:
1078:
1063:β Asia, North America, South America, Jamaica, Europe, Oceania, Africa, Panama
935:
814:
671:
428:
370:
366:
324:
79:
44:
2625:
3926:
3686:
3640:
3604:
3359:
3217:
3174:
3168:
3141:
3015:
2963:
2787:
1947:
1859:
1837:
1826:
1804:
1606:
1540:
1518:
1474:
1397:
1243:
1188:
1067:
1001:
990:
913:
902:
825:
693:
638:
560:
442:
436:
398:
293:
155:
135:
84:
3814:
2633:
2487:
2438:
2174:
2092:
2736:
2430:
3887:
3808:
3706:
3564:
3315:
3292:
3109:
2799:
1881:
1870:
1771:
1749:
1738:
1452:
1276:
1265:
1254:
1155:
1144:
1089:
1056:
1045:
858:
847:
404:
175:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2290:
2273:
2249:
2232:
3866:
3577:
3377:
2986:
1960:
1782:
1331:
1320:
1100:
979:
898:β North America, South America, Central America, Asia, Trinidad, Europe
891:
781:
737:
726:
715:
440:-type) and some that are sheet-like, which do not contain viscid silk (
297:
274:
273:
in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000
89:
64:
3892:
2617:
2478:
2461:
3983:
2781:
2768:
2726:
1903:
1672:
1364:
1232:
649:
378:
350:
333:
311:
The family includes some model organisms for research, including the
285:
266:
185:
145:
3970:
3785:
2024:
1844:β Spain, Africa, North America, Central America, Asia, South America
3931:
1547:β North America, Asia, Africa, Jamaica, Panama, Brazil, New Zealand
4079:
2538:"Webs of theridiid spiders: construction, structure and evolution"
2307:"Webs of theridiid spiders: construction, structure and evolution"
1925:
1760:
1210:
544:
532:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
369:, hence the common name, but Theridiidae has a large diversity of
354:
278:
1756:β South America, North America, Central America, Caribbean, Asia
1096:β South America, North America, Central America, Caribbean, Asia
887:β North America, South America, Central America, Caribbean, Asia
711:β Costa Rica, South America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Mexico, Cuba
382:
301:
3789:
2854:
2812:
2740:
1041:β Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa, North America, South America
700:β Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America, South America, Jamaica
434:
Among webs without gumfooted lines, some contain viscid silk (
374:
1745:β Oceania, North America, Asia, Europe, South America, Africa
1294:β South America, North America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Africa
909:β United States, South America, Seychelles, Asia, New Zealand
3918:
1503:β Asia, Oceania, Cuba, North America, Argentina, Seychelles
580:, is another large genus that includes the North American
329:
because all permanently social species are highly inbred.
2731:
2460:
Blackledge, T.A.; Swindeman, J.E.; Hayashi, C.Y. (2005).
601:β Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, Central America
1855:β Panama, South America, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Trinidad
446:-type). However, there are many undescribed web forms.
2571:"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives"
1778:β United States, South America, Central America, Congo
1877:β Africa, Yemen, North America, Argentina, Costa Rica
1393:β North America, Asia, South America, Central America
292:, meaning that the females have a genital plate, and
1283:β Europe, North America, Panama, South America, Asia
554:
moving from one tree to another carrying the egg sac
3798:
3253:
3040:
3031:
2868:
645:β Central America, Caribbean, Mexico, South America
1239:β Asia, South America, Australia, Panama, Trinidad
1382:β Panama, Caribbean, South America, North America
1173:β Caribbean, Panama, North America, South America
2958:(funnel-webs or venomous funnel-web tarantulas)
942:β Ukraine, United States, Africa, Oceania, Asia
345:is known as the "happyface" spider, as certain
2536:Benjamin, Suresh P.; Zschokke, Samuel (2003).
2752:
1525:β Oceania, North America, Asia, South America
8:
3349:(wandering spiders or tropical wolf spiders)
2569:Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2015).
3786:
3259:
3044:
3037:
2874:
2865:
2851:
2809:
2759:
2745:
2737:
237:
100:
20:
2908:(atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders)
2717:Platnick, N.I. 2006. World Spider Catalog
2553:
2542:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2477:
2322:
2311:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2289:
2272:Gillespie, R.G.; Tabashnik, B.E. (1989).
2248:
2208:
2197:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2164:
2123:
2112:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2082:
3776:are families with more than 1000 species
1085:β Central America, South America, Mexico
1998:
1030:β North America, Asia, Papua New Guinea
2231:Oxford, G.S.; Gillespie, R.G. (1996).
2019:
2017:
1899:β North America, South America, Panama
722:β North America, Asia, Europe, Algeria
2688:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2305:Benjamin, S.P.; Zschokke, S. (2003).
2025:"Family: Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833"
1734:β Pakistan, Caribbean, Mexico, Brazil
1380:Marques, Buckup & Rodrigues, 2011
564:with over 600 species, but it is not
7:
4085:1FFE834E-0B7C-463D-E53A-594E93D0C1DD
4046:a3789e64-304e-4e95-8953-b9786ae40db8
3958:94bd443b-35d5-4428-af44-c93cb055c9cd
1624:β Europe, North America, Asia, Congo
4149:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
1437:β Asia, Seychelles, Oceania, Mexico
3207:(violin spiders, assassin spiders)
2049:Leong, Misha; et al. (2017).
14:
2722:Key to several Theridiidae genera
1822:β Tanzania, Europe, North America
1151:β South America, Panama, Trinidad
3446:(sheet weavers or money spiders)
2555:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00110.x
2324:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00110.x
2210:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00213.x
2166:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01228.x
2139:Purcell, J.; Aviles, L. (2007).
2125:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00569.x
423:-type) or a peripheral retreat (
122:
4121:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0099
2900:(Australian funnel-web spiders)
2466:Journal of Experimental Biology
764:Deeleman & Wunderlich, 2011
997:β Panama, South America, Malta
830:Thaler & Steinberger, 1988
744:β Guinea-Bissau, Congo, Brazil
588:accepts the following genera:
365:They often build tangle space
1:
3407:(flat-bellied ground spiders)
2884:(mouse spiders and relatives)
2582:. Natural History Museum Bern
2515:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.10.014
2031:. Natural History Museum Bern
1932:β Papua New Guinea, Australia
1811:β United States, Brazil, Asia
1569:β North America, Asia, Africa
1270:Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
1107:β Papua New Guinea, Australia
610:Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
584:. As of April 2019, the
3270:(araneomorph funnel weavers)
2388:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90186-6
1558:β Asia, United States, Spain
349:have a pattern resembling a
2924:(cork-lid trapdoor spiders)
1987:List of Theridiidae species
1875:Chamberlin & Ivie, 1934
1349:β Oceania, Asia, Seychelles
854:β Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana
456:List of Theridiidae species
357:face on their yellow body.
226:
4170:
3220:(long-legged cave spiders)
2916:(brushed trapdoor spiders)
2892:(folding trapdoor spiders)
2341:Journal of Insect Behavior
2075:10.1038/s41598-017-15584-2
1897:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
1853:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881
1754:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894
1622:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
1545:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879
1347:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
1140:β Oceania, Belgium, Taiwan
907:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
896:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
841:O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
453:
377:and other ground dwelling
3764:
3262:
3238:Trogloraptor marchingtoni
3047:
2877:
2864:
2850:
2822:
2808:
2776:
2727:Tree of Life: Theridiidae
2145:Journal of Animal Ecology
2006:Sundevall, C. J. (1833).
964:β Samoa, Australia, India
236:
225:
218:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
3714:(cribellate orb weavers)
3648:(long jawed orb-weavers)
3300:(anyphaenid sac spiders)
3096:(crevice weaver spiders)
2932:(wafer trapdoor spiders)
1327:β Asia, Papua New Guinea
667:β Africa, Europe, Turkey
3515:(red and black spiders)
3455:(liocranid sac spiders)
3199:(tube-dwelling spiders)
3135:(midget ground weavers)
2997:(funnel-web tarantulas)
2989:(tree trapdoor spiders)
2940:(funnel-web tarantulas)
2353:10.1023/A:1021175507377
1910:β Mexico, South America
1688:Koçak & Kemal, 2008
1567:Koçak & Kemal, 2008
1492:β Europe, Algeria, Asia
1404:β Asia, Europe, Algeria
1261:β Chile, Turkey, Brazil
1184:β Turkey, Russia, China
775:Yoshida & Koh, 2011
262:, is a large family of
4154:Araneomorphae families
3544:(running crab spiders)
3437:(white-tailed spiders)
3279:(tangled nest spiders)
3104:(large-clawed spiders)
3080:(false violin spiders)
2188:Agnarsson, I. (2006).
2106:Agnarsson, I. (2006).
1701:β Europe, Asia, Canada
1514:β United States, Chile
832:β Europe, Angola, Asia
555:
542:
530:
529:, a black widow spider
517:
505:
493:
481:
469:
381:using elastic, sticky
4067:Paleobiology Database
3572:(nursery web spiders)
3507:(cave cobweb spiders)
3499:(spurred orb-weavers)
3416:(dwarf sheet spiders)
3372:(net-casting spiders)
3163:(palp-footed spiders)
3005:(bald-legged spiders)
2431:10.1007/s004420050273
2008:Conspectus Arachnidum
1646:β Asia, North America
558:The largest genus is
548:
536:
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
463:
3953:Fauna Europaea (new)
3657:(tangle-web spiders)
3424:(tree trunk spiders)
3380:(intertidal spiders)
3309:(orb-weaver spiders)
2732:Theridiidae research
2579:World Spider Catalog
2029:World Spider Catalog
1008:β Asia, Sierra Leone
586:World Spider Catalog
502:Enoplognatha abrupta
271:Carl Jakob Sundevall
250:, also known as the
3630:(dwarf orb-weavers)
3117:(lampshade spiders)
3088:(woodlouse hunters)
2837:(segmented spiders)
2829:(segmented spiders)
2423:1997Oecol.111..570G
2291:10.1038/hdy.1989.50
2250:10.1038/hdy.1996.38
2157:2007JAnEc..76..590P
2067:2017NatSR...715347L
1470:β Greenland, Russia
1426:β Asia, New Zealand
582:common house spider
539:Theridion impressum
526:Latrodectus mactans
466:Chrysso pulcherrima
338:Theridion grallator
313:medically important
308:of the fourth leg.
269:first described by
260:comb-footed spiders
3664:Theridiosomatidae
3628:Symphytognathidae
3616:(huntsman spiders)
3523:(disc web spiders)
3341:(dark sac spiders)
3191:(spitting spiders)
2976:(dwarf tarantulas)
2679:2007-01-01 at the
2666:2007-09-27 at the
2606:Biological Reviews
2055:Scientific Reports
1888:β Indonesia, India
1668:β Chile, Argentina
1591:β India, Sri Lanka
1129:β Brazil, Paraguay
843:β Sri Lanka, China
556:
543:
531:
518:
506:
494:
482:
478:Coscinida japonica
470:
320:sexual cannibalism
252:tangle-web spiders
111:Enoplognatha ovata
30:Cretaceousβpresent
24:Tangle-web spiders
4131:
4130:
4054:Open Tree of Life
3792:Taxon identifiers
3783:
3782:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3734:
3715:
3676:
3667:
3658:
3649:
3631:
3617:
3608:
3594:
3593:(jumping spiders)
3581:
3573:
3545:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3487:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3425:
3417:
3408:
3394:
3381:
3373:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3310:
3301:
3288:
3287:(termite hunters)
3280:
3271:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3234:Trogloraptoridae
3229:
3228:(armored spiders)
3221:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3178:
3164:
3145:
3136:
3128:Mecysmaucheniidae
3118:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3072:(coneweb spiders)
3055:
3054:(pelican spiders)
3027:
3026:
3019:
3018:(true tarantulas)
3006:
2998:
2990:
2977:
2974:Mecicobothriidae
2959:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2618:10.1111/brv.12559
2479:10.1242/jeb.01597
2472:(10): 1937β1949.
1953:
1942:
1931:
1920:
1909:
1898:
1887:
1876:
1865:
1854:
1843:
1832:
1821:
1810:
1799:
1788:
1777:
1766:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1667:
1656:
1645:
1634:
1623:
1612:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1535:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1491:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
919:
908:
897:
886:
875:
864:
853:
842:
831:
820:
809:
798:
787:
776:
765:
754:
743:
732:
721:
710:
699:
688:
677:
666:
655:
644:
633:
622:
611:
600:
388:The well studied
373:forms. Many trap
245:
244:
214:
16:Family of spiders
4161:
4124:
4123:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4075:
4074:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4026:
4025:
4023:NBNSYS0000161145
4013:
4012:
4000:
3999:
3987:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3961:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3935:
3934:
3922:
3921:
3909:
3908:
3896:
3895:
3883:
3882:
3870:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3847:
3846:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3787:
3732:
3713:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3629:
3615:
3606:
3592:
3575:
3571:
3543:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3486:(pirate spiders)
3485:
3473:(shield spiders)
3472:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3436:
3423:
3415:
3406:
3393:(velvet spiders)
3392:
3379:
3371:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3321:Cheiracanthiidae
3308:
3299:
3286:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3177:(cellar spiders)
3176:
3162:
3144:(goblin spiders)
3143:
3134:
3133:Ochyroceratidae
3116:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3017:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2982:Microstigmatidae
2975:
2957:
2939:
2931:
2930:Cyrtaucheniidae
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2866:
2852:
2836:
2828:
2810:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2738:
2646:
2645:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2503:Animal Behaviour
2498:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2376:Animal Behaviour
2371:
2365:
2364:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2213:. Archived from
2212:
2194:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2061:(15347): 15347.
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1951:
1940:
1929:
1918:
1908:Keyserling, 1886
1907:
1896:
1885:
1874:
1864:Keyserling, 1884
1863:
1852:
1841:
1831:Walckenaer, 1805
1830:
1819:
1808:
1798:Wunderlich, 2011
1797:
1786:
1775:
1764:
1753:
1742:
1731:
1720:
1709:
1699:Wunderlich, 1992
1698:
1687:
1676:
1665:
1657:β Africa, Europe
1655:Wunderlich, 1995
1654:
1643:
1633:Wunderlich, 2011
1632:
1621:
1610:
1600:Wunderlich, 2008
1599:
1588:
1580:β Angola, Rwanda
1577:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1478:
1468:Wunderlich, 2008
1467:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1368:
1358:Wunderlich, 2011
1357:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1314:Wunderlich, 2008
1313:
1303:Wunderlich, 1992
1302:
1292:Walckenaer, 1805
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1247:
1236:
1226:Wunderlich, 1995
1225:
1214:
1203:
1193:Keyserling, 1886
1192:
1182:Wunderlich, 2008
1181:
1170:
1159:
1149:Keyserling, 1884
1148:
1137:
1126:
1116:Wunderlich, 2011
1115:
1105:Keyserling, 1890
1104:
1094:Keyserling, 1884
1093:
1083:Wunderlich, 1995
1082:
1072:Wunderlich, 1992
1071:
1060:
1050:Walckenaer, 1809
1049:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
995:Wunderlich, 1988
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
928:
917:
906:
895:
884:
873:
862:
851:
840:
829:
819:Wunderlich, 2008
818:
807:
797:Wunderlich, 2011
796:
785:
774:
763:
752:
742:Keyserling, 1884
741:
730:
719:
708:
697:
686:
675:
665:Wunderlich, 2008
664:
653:
643:Wunderlich, 1995
642:
631:
621:Wunderlich, 2008
620:
609:
598:
551:Theridula angula
490:Dipoena martinae
241:
209:
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4101:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4078:
4070:
4065:
4057:
4052:
4044:
4042:
4034:
4029:
4021:
4016:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3917:
3912:
3904:
3899:
3891:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3863:
3855:
3850:
3842:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3769:Spider taxonomy
3744:
3702:Trochanteriidae
3646:Tetragnathidae
3399:Gallieniellidae
3245:
3226:Tetrablemmidae
3041:Non-entelegynes
3023:
3003:Paratropididae
2951:Halonoproctidae
2890:Antrodiaetidae
2860:
2842:
2818:
2804:
2772:
2765:
2713:
2681:Wayback Machine
2668:Wayback Machine
2655:
2653:Further reading
2650:
2649:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1983:
1957:
1743:Sundevall, 1833
1178:Heterotheridion
1019:β South America
1013:Echinotheridion
731:Agnarsson, 2006
720:Sundevall, 1833
514:Epsinus nubilus
458:
452:
390:kleptoparasitic
363:
208:
121:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4167:
4165:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4112:
4099:
4089:
4076:
4063:
4050:
4040:
4027:
4014:
4001:
3988:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3940:Fauna Europaea
3936:
3923:
3910:
3897:
3884:
3871:
3861:
3848:
3835:
3820:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3675:(crab spiders)
3669:
3661:
3651:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3607:(bark hunters)
3602:
3597:
3587:
3582:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Phrurolithidae
3547:
3542:Philodromidae
3539:
3534:
3531:(lynx spiders)
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3479:Megadictynidae
3476:
3468:
3464:(wolf spiders)
3458:
3450:
3440:
3432:
3430:Homalonychidae
3427:
3419:
3411:
3401:
3396:
3388:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3295:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3112:
3107:
3102:Gradungulidae
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3060:Austrochilidae
3057:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:Theraphosidae
3013:
3011:Porrhothelidae
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2882:Actinopodidae
2878:
2872:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:Heptathelidae
2832:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2711:External links
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2683:
2670:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2612:(1): 184β217.
2592:
2561:
2548:(3): 293β305.
2528:
2509:(5): 855β864.
2493:
2452:
2417:(4): 570β574.
2401:
2366:
2347:(6): 791β809.
2330:
2317:(3): 293β305.
2297:
2284:(3): 355β364.
2264:
2243:(3): 249β256.
2223:
2220:on 2007-09-27.
2203:(4): 453β593.
2180:
2151:(3): 590β597.
2131:
2118:(2): 211β232.
2098:
2041:
2013:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1966:Cretotheridion
1956:
1955:
1944:
1943:β Asia, Europe
1933:
1922:
1911:
1900:
1889:
1878:
1867:
1856:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1779:
1768:
1765:Saaristo, 2006
1757:
1746:
1735:
1724:
1721:Saaristo, 2006
1713:
1712:β Japan, China
1710:Yaginuma, 1957
1702:
1691:
1680:
1677:Saaristo, 2006
1669:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1534:Westwood, 1835
1526:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1482:
1471:
1460:
1459:β China, Japan
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1369:Saaristo, 2006
1361:
1350:
1339:
1328:
1317:
1310:Magnopholcomma
1306:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1207:
1206:β South Africa
1196:
1185:
1174:
1163:
1152:
1141:
1130:
1119:
1112:Grancanaridion
1108:
1097:
1086:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
998:
987:
976:
965:
954:
943:
932:
921:
920:β Asia, Africa
910:
899:
888:
877:
876:β South Africa
874:Lawrence, 1947
866:
855:
844:
833:
822:
811:
800:
789:
778:
767:
756:
753:Saaristo, 2006
745:
734:
723:
712:
701:
690:
687:Saaristo, 2006
679:
668:
657:
646:
635:
634:β China, Japan
624:
613:
602:
590:
454:Main article:
451:
448:
362:
359:
353:or a grinning
256:cobweb spiders
243:
242:
234:
233:
223:
222:
216:
215:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4166:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3733:(ant spiders)
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3668:
3666:(ray spiders)
3662:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3555:Physoglenidae
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3366:
3365:Cycloctenidae
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Cyatholipidae
3353:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3333:(sac spiders)
3329:
3327:
3326:Cithaeronidae
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3298:Anyphaenidae
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:Amaurobiidae
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3239:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3213:Stenochilidae
3211:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:Segestriidae
3195:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3184:Plectreuridae
3182:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3161:Palpimanidae
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3115:Hypochilidae
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:Filistatidae
3092:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:Araneomorphae
3030:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2969:Macrothelidae
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2956:Hexathelidae
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:Barychelidae
2912:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Mygalomorphae
2867:
2863:
2859:
2858:Opisthothelae
2853:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:Liphistiidae
2825:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2593:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1975:Burmese amber
1972:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1941:Yoshida, 2007
1939:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1919:Yoshida, 2002
1917:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1842:Emerton, 1882
1840:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1787:Yoshida, 2001
1785:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1666:Berland, 1924
1664:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1611:L. Koch, 1872
1609:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1596:Pycnoepisinus
1593:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1523:Thorell, 1869
1521:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1508:Paratheridula
1505:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1479:Yoshida, 2009
1477:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1457:Yoshida, 2009
1455:
1454:
1450:
1446:Yoshida, 2001
1444:
1443:
1439:
1435:Yoshida, 2016
1433:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1409:Nesopholcomma
1406:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1387:Neospintharus
1384:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1336:Thorell, 1892
1334:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:β Philippines
1268:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1248:Yoshida, 2016
1246:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:β New Zealand
1215:Forster, 1955
1213:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1167:Hentziectypus
1164:
1160:Thorell, 1890
1158:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1138:Thorell, 1881
1136:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
988:
984:Thorell, 1869
982:
981:
977:
973:Yoshida, 2003
971:
970:
966:
962:L. Koch, 1872
960:
959:
955:
949:
948:
944:
938:
937:
933:
927:
926:
922:
916:
915:
911:
905:
904:
900:
894:
893:
889:
883:
882:
878:
872:
871:
867:
863:Yoshida, 2009
861:
860:
856:
850:
849:
845:
839:
838:
834:
828:
827:
823:
817:
816:
812:
808:Yoshida, 2015
806:
805:
801:
795:
794:
790:
784:
783:
779:
773:
772:
768:
762:
761:
757:
751:
750:
746:
740:
739:
735:
729:
728:
724:
718:
717:
713:
709:Thorell, 1869
707:
706:
702:
696:
695:
691:
685:
684:
680:
674:
673:
669:
663:
662:
658:
654:Berland, 1927
652:
651:
647:
641:
640:
636:
630:
629:
628:Allothymoites
625:
619:
618:
614:
612:β Philippines
608:
607:
603:
597:
596:
592:
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
578:
574:, previously
573:
572:
567:
563:
562:
553:
552:
547:
541:
540:
535:
528:
527:
522:
516:
515:
510:
504:
503:
498:
492:
491:
486:
480:
479:
474:
468:
467:
462:
457:
449:
447:
445:
444:
439:
438:
432:
430:
426:
422:
421:
415:
413:
412:
411:Neospintharus
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:
335:
330:
327:
326:
321:
317:
316:widow spiders
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
240:
235:
232:
228:
224:
221:
217:
212:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:Araneomorphae
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3799:
3773:
3729:
3725:Xenoctenidae
3720:Viridasiidae
3697:Trechaleidae
3682:Titanoecidae
3671:
3655:Theridiidae
3654:
3653:
3623:Stiphidiidae
3614:Sparassidae
3612:
3605:Senoculidae
3589:
3560:Phyxelididae
3537:Penestomidae
3513:Nicodamidae
3460:
3453:Liocranidae
3444:Linyphiidae
3442:
3422:Hersiliidae
3405:Gnaphosidae
3403:
3331:Clubionidae
3305:
3285:Ammoxenidae
3266:
3237:
3173:
3169:Periegopidae
3140:
3123:Leptonetidae
2946:Euctenizidae
2690:31:225β245.
2687:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2577:
2564:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2215:the original
2200:
2196:
2183:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2033:. Retrieved
2028:
2007:
2001:
1977:of Myanmar.
1964:
1958:
1954:β St. Helena
1952:Benoit, 1977
1946:
1935:
1924:
1913:
1902:
1891:
1880:
1869:
1858:
1847:
1836:
1825:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1781:
1770:
1767:β Seychelles
1759:
1748:
1737:
1726:
1723:β Seychelles
1715:
1706:Spheropistha
1704:
1693:
1690:β Seychelles
1682:
1679:β Seychelles
1671:
1662:Selkirkiella
1660:
1649:
1644:Archer, 1950
1638:
1627:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1583:
1578:Miller, 1970
1574:Proboscidula
1572:
1561:
1556:Archer, 1950
1550:
1539:
1528:
1517:
1506:
1501:Archer, 1946
1497:Parasteatoda
1495:
1490:Archer, 1950
1484:
1473:
1462:
1451:
1440:
1429:
1424:Archer, 1950
1418:
1407:
1396:
1391:Exline, 1950
1385:
1374:
1371:β Seychelles
1363:
1352:
1341:
1330:
1319:
1308:
1297:
1286:
1275:
1264:
1259:Archer, 1950
1253:
1242:
1237:Strand, 1932
1231:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1171:Archer, 1946
1165:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1118:β Canary Is.
1110:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1074:β Canary Is.
1066:
1055:
1044:
1039:Pavesi, 1880
1035:Enoplognatha
1033:
1028:Bryant, 1945
1022:
1011:
1000:
989:
978:
969:Deelemanella
967:
956:
951:Archer, 1946
945:
934:
923:
912:
901:
890:
879:
870:Chorizopella
868:
857:
846:
837:Cephalobares
835:
824:
813:
802:
793:Cameronidion
791:
780:
771:Brunepisinus
769:
760:Borneoridion
758:
755:β Seychelles
747:
736:
733:β Madagascar
725:
714:
703:
692:
689:β Seychelles
681:
670:
659:
648:
637:
626:
615:
604:
599:Strand, 1929
593:
575:
571:Parasteatoda
569:
566:monophyletic
559:
557:
549:
537:
524:
512:
500:
488:
476:
464:
441:
435:
433:
424:
418:
416:
409:
403:
397:
387:
364:
343:T. grallator
342:
336:
331:
323:
310:
283:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:
231:3028 species
205:
192:Infraorder:
109:
18:
4144:Theridiidae
3979:iNaturalist
3857:Theridiidae
3844:Theridiidae
3830:Theridiidae
3824:Wikispecies
3800:Theridiidae
3731:Zodariidae
3712:Uloboridae
3692:Trachelidae
3673:Thomisidae
3641:Synotaxidae
3636:Synaphridae
3600:Selenopidae
3591:Salticidae
3576:(including
3570:Pisauridae
3521:Oecobiidae
3505:Nesticidae
3497:Mysmenidae
3471:Malkaridae
3435:Lamponidae
3370:Deinopidae
3339:Corinnidae
3268:Agelenidae
3255:Entelegynae
3205:Sicariidae
3189:Scytodidae
3151:Orsolobidae
3110:Huttoniidae
3086:Dysderidae
3078:Drymusidae
3070:Diguetidae
3052:Archaeidae
2995:Nemesiidae
2938:Dipluridae
2922:Ctenizidae
2794:Chelicerata
2792:Subphylum:
2382:: 515β521.
1937:Yunohamella
1930:Baert, 1984
1886:Simon, 1895
1820:Simon, 1881
1776:Simon, 1894
1732:Hentz, 1850
1717:Spinembolia
1651:Sardinidion
1629:Ruborridion
1589:Simon, 1894
1563:Platnickina
1530:Phoroncidia
1464:Ohlertidion
1442:Nipponidion
1402:Menge, 1868
1354:Montanidion
1325:Simon, 1894
1316:β Australia
1288:Latrodectus
1281:Simon, 1881
1222:Jamaitidion
1204:Simon, 1895
1162:β Indonesia
1134:Hadrotarsus
1127:Baert, 1984
1123:Guaraniella
1061:Menge, 1868
1024:Emertonella
1006:Simon, 1909
975:β Indonesia
958:Cyllognatha
947:Cryptachaea
940:Menge, 1868
929:Simon, 1894
925:Craspedisia
918:Simon, 1895
885:Simon, 1894
881:Chrosiothes
852:Simon, 1894
804:Campanicola
788:β Venezuela
777:β Indonesia
766:β Indonesia
698:Simon, 1864
683:Argyrodella
676:Simon, 1891
661:Anatolidion
656:β Australia
617:Achaeridion
606:Achaearyopa
595:Achaearanea
577:Achaearanea
425:Latrodectus
420:Achaearanea
394:Argyrodinae
392:members of
351:smiley face
294:ecribellate
264:araneomorph
248:Theridiidae
206:Theridiidae
166:Chelicerata
162:Subphylum:
4138:Categories
3740:Zoropsidae
3585:Psechridae
3529:Oxyopidae
3492:Miturgidae
3484:Mimetidae
3462:Lycosidae
3414:Hahniidae
3386:Dictynidae
3307:Araneidae
3218:Telemidae
3175:Pholcidae
3156:Pacullidae
3142:Oonopidae
3065:Caponiidae
2898:Atracidae
2816:Mesothelae
2788:Arthropoda
2586:2015-11-06
2035:2019-04-25
1993:References
1971:Cenomanian
1915:Yaginumena
1849:Thwaitesia
1809:Levi, 1957
1800:β Malaysia
1794:Tamanidion
1728:Spintharus
1695:Simitidion
1684:Seycellesa
1640:Rugathodes
1585:Propostira
1552:Phylloneta
1512:Levi, 1957
1486:Paidiscura
1431:Nihonhimea
1420:Nesticodes
1376:Neopisinus
1360:β Malaysia
1299:Macaridion
1200:Histagonia
1079:Exalbidion
1017:Levi, 1963
936:Crustulina
815:Canalidion
799:β Malaysia
786:Levi, 1964
672:Anelosimus
429:Nesticidae
371:spider web
325:Anelosimus
290:entelegyne
284:Theridiid
227:124 genera
156:Arthropoda
3687:Toxopidae
3391:Eresidae
3360:Cybaeidae
3347:Ctenidae
2964:Idiopidae
2906:Atypidae
2856:Suborder
2814:Suborder
2800:Arachnida
2780:Kingdom:
2642:207937170
2626:1464-7931
2411:Oecologia
1969:from the
1959:About 35
1948:Zercidium
1860:Thymoites
1838:Theridula
1827:Theridion
1805:Tekellina
1607:Rhomphaea
1541:Phycosoma
1519:Pholcomma
1475:Okumaella
1413:Ono, 2010
1398:Neottiura
1244:Keijiella
1228:β Jamaica
1189:Hetschkia
1068:Eurypoena
1002:Dipoenura
991:Dipoenata
914:Coscinida
903:Coleosoma
826:Carniella
694:Argyrodes
639:Ameridion
632:Ono, 2007
561:Theridion
443:Coleosoma
437:Theridion
399:Argyrodes
304:) on the
288:are both
220:Diversity
211:Sundevall
176:Arachnida
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
3888:BugGuide
3864:BioLib:
3809:Wikidata
3707:Udubidae
3565:Pimoidae
3378:Desidae
3316:Arkyidae
3293:Anapidae
2987:Migidae
2786:Phylum:
2782:Animalia
2771:families
2697:Scripta.
2677:Archived
2664:Archived
2634:31713947
2523:53182880
2488:15879074
2447:11217593
2439:28308120
2396:53177663
2361:26850827
2278:Heredity
2237:Heredity
2175:17439475
2093:29127355
1981:See also
1882:Tomoxena
1871:Tidarren
1772:Styposis
1750:Stemmops
1739:Steatoda
1618:Robertus
1453:Nojimaia
1305:β Europe
1277:Lasaeola
1266:Landoppo
1255:Kochiura
1195:β Brazil
1156:Helvidia
1145:Helvibis
1090:Faiditus
1057:Euryopis
1046:Episinus
931:β Brazil
859:Chikunia
848:Cerocida
821:β Russia
705:Ariamnes
623:β Turkey
405:Faiditus
334:Hawaiian
298:bristles
202:Family:
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
4095:7087238
3578:Halidae
2798:Class:
2769:Araneae
2767:Extant
2419:Bibcode
2153:Bibcode
2084:5681556
2063:Bibcode
1961:extinct
1816:Theonoe
1783:Takayus
1635:β India
1602:β Kenya
1481:β Japan
1448:β Japan
1415:β Japan
1332:Molione
1321:Meotipa
1101:Gmogala
980:Dipoena
892:Chrysso
782:Cabello
749:Bardala
738:Audifia
727:Asygyna
716:Asagena
379:insects
286:spiders
277:in 124
275:species
267:spiders
186:Araneae
182:Order:
172:Class:
4108:231930
4092:uBio:
4059:917915
4043:NZOR:
3997:101228
3932:1THERF
3815:Q12019
2640:
2632:
2624:
2521:
2486:
2445:
2437:
2394:
2359:
2259:824014
2257:
2173:
2091:
2081:
1921:β Asia
1904:Wirada
1789:β Asia
1673:Sesato
1365:Nanume
1343:Moneta
1338:β Asia
1250:β Asia
1233:Janula
865:β Asia
810:β Asia
650:Anatea
450:Genera
408:, and
347:morphs
306:tarsus
279:genera
213:, 1833
4103:WoRMS
4080:Plazi
4072:57477
4036:34643
4010:82740
3992:IRMNG
3984:47371
3945:10655
2638:S2CID
2574:(PDF)
2519:S2CID
2443:S2CID
2392:S2CID
2357:S2CID
2255:S2CID
2218:(PDF)
2193:(PDF)
1973:aged
1926:Yoroa
1893:Wamba
1761:Stoda
1211:Icona
355:clown
302:setae
4031:NCBI
4005:ITIS
3971:9583
3966:GBIF
3927:EPPO
3893:1960
3880:1249
3875:BOLD
3774:Bold
2630:PMID
2622:ISSN
2484:PMID
2435:PMID
2171:PMID
2089:PMID
383:silk
375:ants
367:webs
361:Webs
332:The
258:and
35:Preκ
4116:WSC
4018:NBN
3919:169
3914:EoL
3906:H6N
3901:CoL
3867:968
3852:AFD
3839:ADW
2692:PDF
2674:PDF
2661:PDF
2614:doi
2550:doi
2511:doi
2474:doi
2470:208
2427:doi
2415:111
2384:doi
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