4165:
609:) are now placed just outside Mammalia by those who advocate a 'crown-group' definition of the word "mammal". However, Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska and Cifelli (2002) tested alternative possible phylogenies as well, and found that recovering eutriconodonts outside the crown group of Mammalia required only five additional steps compared to the most parsimonious solution. The authors stated that such placement of eutriconodonts is less likely than their placement within the mammalian crown group, but it cannot be rejected on a statistical basis.
5017:
1838:
4172:
166:
124:
5011:
5920:
407:
5926:
1689:
However, it's clear that most if not all eutriconodonts were primarily carnivorous, given the presence of long, sharp canines, premolars with trenchant main cusps that were well suited to grasp and pierce prey, strong development of the madibular abductor musculature, bone crushing ability in at
1833:
and other larger eutriconodonts. Given that all insectivorous and carnivorous mammals groups suffered heavy losses during the mid-Cretaceous, it seems likely these metatherians simply occupied niches left after the extinction of eutriconodonts in the northern continents.
494:(2010) stressed that jeholodentids and gobiconodontids are the only eutriconodonts with known postcranial skeletons; according to the authors, it remains uncertain whether the results of their second analysis represent true phylogeny or are merely "a by-product of
2990:
Forasiepi, Analía M.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Hurum, Jørn; Currie, Philip J. (1 December 2012). "First
Dryolestoid (Mammalia, Dryolestoidea, Meridiolestida) from the Coniacian of Patagonia and New Evidence on their Early Radiation in South America".
397:
small mammalian insectivores, discoveries over the years have shown them to be among the best examples of the diversity of mammals in this time period, including a vast variety of bodyplans, ecological niches and locomotion methods.
2335:
Chen, Meng; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Wilson, Gregory P. (4 May 2017). "The postcranial skeleton of
Yanoconodon allini from the Early Cretaceous of Hebei, China, and its implications for locomotor adaptation in eutriconodontan mammals".
1795:, which is estimated to have had a body mass of 12–14 kilograms (26–31 lb), comparable to a badger. They were among the first mammals to be specialised for vertebrate prey, and likely occupied the highest
424:
which were close relatives of the ancestors of all present-day mammals, characterized by molar teeth with three main cusps on a crown that were arranged in a row. The group originally included only the family
3467:
Gaetano, Leandro C.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (July 2011). "New materials of
Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny".
2846:
member species and excludes any fossil forms which diverged at an earlier stage, even if they meet the traditional criteria). Supporters of the crown-group approach refer to the broader grouping as the
2271:
Martin, Thomas; Marugán-Lobón, Jesús; Vullo, Romain; Martín-Abad, Hugo; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Buscalioni, Angela D. (October 2015). "A Cretaceous eutriconodont and integument evolution in early mammals".
1821:
faunal assemblages. Competition between both groups is unattested, but in Asia the Early
Cretaceous gobiconodontid diversity is replaced entirely by a deltatheroidean one, while in North America
2842:
which is closest to the traditional definition or, alternatively, should be restricted to the 'crown-group' (which includes only descendants of the most recent common ancestor shared by all
1576:. Uniquely among crown-group mammals, gobiconodontids replaced their molariform teeth by successors of similar complexity, while in other mammals less complex replacements are the norm.
1807:
show evidence of scavenging, being among the few
Mesozoic mammals to have significantly exploited that. Evidence of predation on significantly larger dinosaurs is also known.
2740:
Yuan, Chong-Xi; Ji, Qiang; Meng, Qing-Jin; Tabrum, Alan R.; Luo, Zhe-Xi (16 August 2013). "Earliest
Evolution of Multituberculate Mammals Revealed by a New Jurassic Fossil".
2967:
Bajpai, Sunil; Rautela, Abhay; Yadav, Ravi; Mantilla, Gregory P. Wilson (29 February 2024). "The first eutriconodontan mammal from the
Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India".
3399:
Rougier, Guillermo W.; Davis, Brian M.; Novacek, Michael J. (January 2015). "A deltatheroidan mammal from the Upper
Cretaceous Baynshiree Formation, eastern Mongolia".
449:
mammals than others. Some traditional "triconodonts" do seem to form a natural group (or "clade"), and this was given the name
Eutriconodonta, or "true triconodonts).
6154:
1690:
least some species and several other features. Eutriconodont teeth are known to have had a shearing function, allowing the animal to tear through flesh much like
2632:
Zheng, Xiaoting; Bi, Shundong; Wang, Xiaoli; Meng, Jin (8 August 2013). "A new arboreal haramiyid shows the diversity of crown mammals in the
Jurassic period".
2686:
Zhou, Chang-Fu; Wu, Shaoyuan; Martin, Thomas; Luo, Zhe-Xi (8 August 2013). "A Jurassic mammaliaform and the earliest mammalian evolutionary adaptations".
445:. The phylogenetic analyses found that all these taxa did not form a natural group, and that some traditional "triconodonts" were more closely related to
155:. These occupy vastly different ecological niches: bulky semi-fossorial carnivore, glider, arboreal insectivore and terrestrial carnivore, respectively.
6220:
541:
mammals. The analysis found eutriconodonts to be more closely related to therian mammals than monotremes were, but more distantly than (paraphyletic)
1680:, in which the molars basically alternate, with the lower cusp "a" occluding further forward, near the junction between two upper molars. A study on
597:. If confirmed this would make eutriconodonts one of the groups that can be classified as mammals by any definition. Several other extinct groups of
2468:"A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts"
1565:
1789:-like insectivores with body masses of as little as 2 grams (0.071 oz), comparable to the smallest known modern mammals, to large forms like
4164:
529:
is also uncertain. Zhe-Xi Luo, Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska and Richard Cifelli (2002) conducted an analysis that recovered eutriconodonts within the
6225:
1916:
show that it has adaptations for an aquatic lifestyle, possessing a barrel-like body and paddle-like limbs, and analysis of the postcrania of
3375:
2866:
2212:
3026:
Averianov, Alexander; Martin, Thomas; Lopatin, Alexey; Skutschas, Pavel; Schellhorn, Rico; Kolosov, Petr; Vitenko, Dmitry (25 July 2018).
5016:
6210:
1656:
The eutriconodont triconodont dentition has no analogue among living mammals, so comparisons are difficult. There are two main types of
6205:
3539:
2515:
Meng, Jin; Wang, Yuanqing; Li, Chuankui (April 2011). "Transitional mammalian middle ear from a new Cretaceous Jehol eutriconodont".
468:(2007); this analysis involved a broader range of Mesozoic mammaliaforms and more characters, including postcranial ones. Both Luo
2128:
Averianov, A. O.; Lopatin, A. V. (February 2011). "Phylogeny of triconodonts and symmetrodonts and the origin of extant mammals".
1922:
shows adaptations towards multiple forms of locomotion, with traits in common with fossorial, arboreal, and semiaquatic mammals.
6215:
4171:
1514:
fossil record the presence of eutriconodonts in southern landmasses may be of interest, due to their comparatively early age.
1937:
show adaptations for aerial locomotion. Both genera are closely related, implying a long lived lineage of gliding mammals.
2940:
Butler, Percy M.; Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (2016). "Diversity of triconodonts in the Middle Jurassic of Great Britain".
490:(recovered as amphidontid in their first analysis, the only amphidontid included in their second analysis). However, Gao
165:
2855:, whereas traditionalists describe the entire assemblage as "mammals". For a summary of the argument and issues, see
2047:
Chen, Meng; Wilson, Gregory P. (March 2015). "A multivariate approach to infer locomotor modes in Mesozoic mammals".
613:
2826:
Traditionally, membership in Mammalia is diagnosed by the presence of a single dominant jaw joint, in which the
2466:
Gao, Chun-Ling; Wilson, Gregory P.; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Maga, A. Murat; Meng, Qingjin; Wang, Xuri (22 January 2010).
1872:
may show adaptations for piscivory and occur in aquatic settings with their molars being compared to those of
6195:
2192:
1881:
464:(2010) conducted a second analysis as well, using a modified version of the matrix from the analysis of Luo
1564:
are similar to those of therian mammals, though the hindlimbs remain more conservative. Eutriconodonts had
6200:
6109:
3532:
3447:
2884:"Conflict Resolution for Mesozoic Mammals: Reconciling Phylogenetic Incongruence Among Anatomical Regions"
2807:
1632:, suggesting that gobiconodontids, like modern mammals, were vulnerable to this type of fungal infection.
495:
5010:
6167:
4636:
1837:
1657:
4952:
1621:
1608:
with primary and secondary hair, even preserving traces of a pore infection. It also possesses a clear
1573:
1323:
When eutriconodonts first appeared is unclear. The earliest remains come from the late Early Jurassic (
5646:
5546:
5229:
4945:
4931:
3758:
3297:
Han, Gang; Mallon, Jordan C.; Lussier, Aaron J.; Wu, Xiao-Chun; Mitchell, Robert; Li, Ling-Ji (2023).
1896:, occluding in a shearing motion instead of not-occluding and providing a grasping function. However,
476:(2010) recovered a more inclusive monophyletic Eutriconodonta that also contained gobiconodontids and
6141:
6013:
5919:
5295:
4882:
4762:
4671:
4080:
3477:
3408:
3310:
3160:
3039:
2749:
2695:
2641:
2587:
2524:
2392:
2345:
2280:
2056:
1341:
1337:
5686:
5485:
5339:
5143:
4889:
4747:
4608:
3452:
2812:
1072:
5884:
5806:
5766:
5346:
5332:
5236:
5193:
4924:
4903:
4896:
4838:
4495:
4474:
4362:
4121:
4087:
3666:
3087:"Tooth eruption in the Early Cretaceous British mammal Triconodon and description of a new species"
1854:
Some eutriconodonts were instead among the most specialised of Mesozoic mammals. Several taxa like
1469:
1350:
5706:
5373:
5310:
5288:
5215:
5200:
5179:
4622:
4432:
1460:
1161:
5987:
5796:
5617:
5458:
5428:
5421:
5267:
4845:
4824:
4503:
4392:
4382:
4312:
3961:
3811:
3639:
3503:
3381:
3008:
2949:
2773:
2719:
2665:
2611:
2548:
2416:
2361:
2314:
2153:
2072:
1742:
1609:
1385:
722:
160:
5186:
4917:
4571:
4342:
3835:
1405:
was originally referred to as a late surviving member of the clade, but has since been moved to
6172:
5967:
5925:
5756:
5736:
5442:
5281:
4910:
4488:
4402:
4352:
3355:
2204:
1906:
s teeth shows no erosion associated with aquatic transportation, meaning that the animals died
1782:
suggests that the jaw roll was more passive for eutriconodonts than modern therian carnivores.
5855:
5786:
5505:
5150:
4817:
4808:
4769:
4578:
3988:
3525:
3371:
3336:
3279:
3240:
3188:
3126:
3067:
2915:
2862:
2765:
2711:
2657:
2603:
2540:
2497:
2439:
2408:
2306:
2208:
2145:
2107:
1558:
and sprawling limbs. However, the forelimb and shoulder anatomy of at least some species like
412:
5556:
6159:
5274:
5081:
4866:
4465:
4127:
3827:
3820:
3731:
3493:
3485:
3435:
3416:
3363:
3326:
3318:
3271:
3230:
3222:
3178:
3168:
3098:
3057:
3047:
3000:
2972:
2905:
2895:
2757:
2703:
2649:
2595:
2532:
2487:
2479:
2400:
2353:
2296:
2288:
2244:
2196:
2137:
2099:
2064:
1677:
1473:
1401:
1363:
768:
558:
550:
123:
5357:
4852:
4724:
4693:
4678:
4592:
4412:
3902:
3863:
3748:
1927:
1846:
1841:
1818:
1736:
1718:
1629:
1613:
1596:
were very well preserved, showing evidence of fur, internal organs and, in the latter, of
1592:
1555:
1507:
1367:
986:
947:
933:
655:
426:
340:
326:
320:
139:
43:
3259:
510:(2013) recovered monophyletic Eutriconodonta containing triconodontids, gobiconodontids,
3481:
3412:
3331:
3314:
3298:
3258:
Huang, E.J.; Wilson, Jacob D.; Bhullar, Bhart‐Anjan S.; Bever, Gabriel S. (March 2024).
3164:
3043:
2753:
2699:
2645:
2591:
2528:
2396:
2349:
2284:
2060:
6079:
5954:
5515:
5387:
5366:
5302:
5254:
5171:
5095:
5066:
4959:
4938:
4709:
4702:
4531:
4422:
4322:
4039:
3608:
3235:
3210:
3183:
3148:
3123:
A Catalogue of the Mesozoic Mammalia in the Geological Department of the British Museum
3062:
3027:
2910:
2883:
2852:
2492:
2467:
2103:
1933:
1884:
have noted, eutriconodont molars are more functionally similar to those of terrestrial
1868:
1712:
1669:
1665:
1501:
1481:
1452:
1444:
1429:
1418:
1380:
1346:
1332:
1328:
964:
602:
526:
313:
298:
39:
2572:
2233:"Mesozoic mammals of China: implications for phylogeny and early evolution of mammals"
6189:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6049:
5977:
5726:
5658:
5576:
4780:
4716:
4260:
4073:
4063:
3933:
3260:"High‐precision body mass predictors for small mammals: a case study in the Mesozoic"
3012:
2848:
2795:
2420:
2380:
2318:
2197:
1811:
1673:
1661:
1605:
1456:
1406:
1397:
1375:
1371:
708:
641:
594:
554:
542:
430:
368:
364:
352:
292:
285:
262:
256:
81:
3507:
3385:
2953:
2777:
2365:
2157:
2076:
6054:
5776:
5632:
5495:
5412:
5394:
5222:
5136:
5120:
4738:
4629:
4615:
4301:
4203:
4190:
4139:
4011:
3790:
3781:
2723:
2669:
2615:
2552:
1978:
1880:. Caution has been advised in these comparisons, however; as many researchers like
1856:
1476:
1120:
623:
435:
384:
220:
3420:
2976:
2357:
2090:
Kermack, K.A.; Mussett, F.; Rigney, H.W. (1973). "The lower jaw of Morganucodon".
3489:
3299:"An extraordinary fossil captures the struggle for existence during the Mesozoic"
3052:
1672:"a" occludes anterior to upper cusp "A", between "A" and "B", and one present in
6084:
6059:
6034:
5861:
5696:
5625:
5608:
5586:
5526:
5380:
5325:
5157:
5053:
5034:
4977:
4966:
4875:
4664:
4601:
4561:
4547:
4517:
4510:
4481:
4372:
4332:
4290:
4250:
4240:
4000:
3950:
2017:
1945:
1918:
1912:
1898:
1885:
1862:
1829:
1791:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1730:
1706:
1700:
1586:
1530:
1522:
1494:
1487:
1438:
1357:
1144:
1000:
913:
889:
823:
806:
782:
739:
672:
618:
546:
530:
486:
441:
305:
277:
269:
151:
133:
56:
3436:"Two possibly aquatic triconodont mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco"
3322:
3173:
2404:
1517:
Eutriconodonts are among the few Mesozoic mammals present at Arctic locations;
498:
of jeholodentids and gobiconodontids". Phylogenetic studies conducted by Zheng
6039:
6007:
5997:
5873:
5833:
5676:
5566:
5164:
5088:
5074:
4831:
4657:
4643:
4540:
4442:
4280:
4220:
4109:
3919:
3911:
3880:
3873:
3797:
3130:
3004:
2835:
2141:
2111:
1991:
1949:
1814:
1754:
1724:
1691:
1636:
1560:
1424:
1096:
1024:
865:
406:
376:
145:
101:
66:
6132:
3283:
2900:
2838:
debate whether established names, such as Mammalia, should correspond to the
2443:
1952:. This genus may have displayed an ecological role similar to that of modern
1572:
being that the ear ossicles were still somewhat connected to the jaw via the
5890:
5593:
5318:
5208:
5129:
5109:
4793:
4650:
4450:
4022:
3942:
3851:
3766:
3624:
3590:
3581:
3142:
3140:
2831:
2761:
2381:"Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs"
1957:
1953:
1944:
had xenarthrous vertebrae and osseous scutes, convergent to those of modern
1893:
1889:
1877:
1823:
1778:
1766:
1682:
1518:
1433:
1393:
1048:
606:
534:
177:
106:
50:
17:
3340:
3244:
3226:
3192:
3071:
2919:
2769:
2715:
2661:
2607:
2544:
2501:
2483:
2412:
2310:
2149:
3147:
Jäger, Kai R. K.; Cifelli, Richard L.; Martin, Thomas (24 December 2020).
2573:"A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals"
2195:; Cifelli, Richard L.; Luo, Zhe-Xi (2004). "Chapter 7: Eutriconodontans".
6126:
5844:
5746:
5536:
5475:
5102:
4230:
4029:
3888:
3651:
3599:
3572:
2249:
2232:
2021:, the lower incisors outrightly replace the canines, which are vestigial.
1969:
1965:
1961:
1873:
1810:
At least in carnivorous niches, eutriconodonts were probably replaced by
1796:
1641:
1551:
1550:
mammals, eutriconodonts retained classical mammalian synapomorphies like
1525:(generally considered non-mammalian cynodonts) are also present, but not
1511:
1465:
1413:
1324:
1312:
598:
590:
457:
394:
372:
197:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
2707:
2653:
2599:
2536:
2301:
2292:
2068:
6018:
5639:
5435:
4755:
4270:
4051:
3977:
3498:
3275:
3211:"Mammal disparity decreases during the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation"
3085:
Jäger, Kai R. K.; Cifelli, Richard L.; Martin, Thomas (2 August 2020).
2827:
2015:
In gobinocontids, though, the incisors are also long and fang-like; in
1597:
111:
86:
3367:
3103:
3086:
622:. Eutriconodonts are recovered as a largely monophyletic group within
5817:
5716:
3719:
3678:
3566:
3548:
2330:
2328:
1973:
1799:
levels among mammals in their faunal communities. Several forms like
1695:
1617:
1569:
1547:
1526:
538:
446:
421:
360:
356:
344:
207:
187:
6103:
3028:"A high-latitude fauna of mid-Mesozoic mammals from Yakutia, Russia"
2199:
Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure
420:"Triconodonta" had long been used as the name for an order of early
3354:
Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Cifelli, Richard L.; Luo, Zhe-Xi (2004).
2794:
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Cifelli, Richard L. (2002).
1850:
are particularly notable for their specializations towards gliding.
2839:
1836:
1786:
1645:
1448:
1389:
1366:, before largely disappearing from the fossil record in the early
453:
405:
6146:
601:
animals that are traditionally considered to be mammals (such as
1996:
348:
6107:
5941:
5032:
4188:
3717:
3559:
3521:
1686:
however suggests that only the latter arrangement was present.
1311:
A 2020 study found them paraphyletic in regards to crown group
1554:
bones (and likely the associated reproductive constrictions),
1384:
is the youngest representative of the group, hailing from the
2571:
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Chen, Peiji; Li, Gang; Chen, Meng (March 2007).
3204:
3202:
1698:
mammals. In a study about Mesozoic mammalian diets the taxa
1604:
shows hair similar to that of modern mammals, with compound
3517:
3209:
Grossnickle, David M.; Polly, P. David (22 November 2013).
525:
The exact phylogenetic placement of eutriconodonts within
2379:
Mao, Fangyuan; Zhang, Chi; Liu, Cunyu; Meng, Jin (2021).
429:
and taxa that were later assigned to the separate family
3215:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2472:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1785:
Eutriconodonts displayed a broad size range from small
1327:), but they already represent a variety of groups: the
533:
of Mammalia, i.e. the least inclusive clade containing
433:, but was later expanded to include other taxa such as
2882:
Celik, Mélina A.; Phillips, Matthew J. (8 July 2020).
2187:
3149:"Molar occlusion and jaw roll in early crown mammals"
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
6003:
5993:
5983:
5973:
5963:
5829:
5802:
5792:
5782:
5772:
5762:
5752:
5742:
5732:
5722:
5712:
5702:
5692:
5682:
5672:
5605:
5582:
5572:
5562:
5552:
5542:
5532:
5522:
5511:
5501:
5491:
5481:
5471:
5409:
5251:
5050:
4863:
4805:
4735:
4690:
4589:
4558:
4528:
4462:
4438:
4428:
4418:
4408:
4398:
4388:
4378:
4368:
4358:
4348:
4338:
4328:
4318:
4308:
4297:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4256:
4246:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4106:
4069:
4059:
4035:
4018:
4007:
3996:
3973:
3930:
3899:
3860:
3808:
3778:
3754:
3744:
2861:. Joint Nature Conversation Committee. p. 289.
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
6116:
6027:
5952:
5872:
5843:
5816:
5657:
5604:
5456:
5408:
5356:
5250:
5119:
5049:
4976:
4862:
4804:
4779:
4734:
4689:
4588:
4557:
4527:
4461:
4201:
4138:
4105:
4050:
3987:
3960:
3929:
3898:
3859:
3850:
3807:
3777:
3730:
3677:
3650:
3623:
3116:
3114:
2123:
2121:
1995:shows dental replacement patterns consistent with
2627:
2625:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2226:
2224:
2203:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
1817:, which are the dominant carnivorous mammals in
3362:. Columbia University Press. pp. 425–462.
1976:, being the second known Mesozoic mammal after
1362:. They achieve their peak diversity across the
131:Examples of several eutriconodonts. Clockwise:
2796:"In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals"
2566:
2564:
2562:
561:were. This result was mostly confirmed by Luo
3533:
1734:rank among carnivorous mammal species, while
8:
2735:
2733:
2681:
2679:
581:(2013), although in the phylogenies of Luo
6104:
5949:
5938:
5822:
5665:
5464:
5259:
5058:
5046:
5042:
5029:
4785:
4209:
4198:
4185:
3966:
3856:
3737:
3727:
3714:
3656:
3629:
3620:
3556:
3540:
3526:
3518:
2857:Benton, M.; Cook, E.; Schreve, D. (2005).
2789:
2787:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
1758:ranked among insectivorous mammals, while
1533:and other groups considered true mammals.
122:
31:
3497:
3451:
3330:
3234:
3182:
3172:
3102:
3061:
3051:
2909:
2899:
2859:Fossil Mammals and Birds of Great Britain
2811:
2491:
2300:
2248:
2092:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1510:India. Due to the rarity of the Jurassic
589:(2013) eutriconodonts were in unresolved
1776:ranked somewhere in between. A study on
1354:, as well as the putative eutriconodont
379:periods. The order was named by Kermack
2034:
2008:
1640:itself has been the subject to cranial
472:(2007) and the second analysis of Gao
383:in 1973 as a replacement name for the
616:et al. 2015, in their description of
7:
1412:Most eutriconodont remains occur in
393:Traditionally seen as the classical
1136:
1112:
1088:
1064:
1040:
1016:
992:
939:
929:
905:
881:
857:
798:
774:
764:
714:
704:
697:
647:
637:
629:
565:(2007), the second analysis of Gao
3470:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3434:Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (1995).
2969:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2338:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2104:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1973.tb00786.x
25:
3360:Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs
410:Illustration of the lower jaw of
6221:Taxa named by Kenneth A. Kermack
5924:
5918:
5015:
5009:
4170:
4163:
3121:Simpson, George Gaylord (1928).
2434:Simpson, George Gaylord (1929).
1612:like modern mammals, as well as
612:The most recent cladogram is by
480:; in the second analysis of Gao
164:
1416:landmasses. The exceptions are
1:
6226:Taxa named by Frances Mussett
3440:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
3421:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.09.009
2977:10.1080/02724634.2024.2312234
2800:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2358:10.1080/02724634.2017.1315425
2231:Meng, Jin (1 December 2014).
1827:appears after the absence of
3490:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877
3053:10.1371/journal.pone.0199983
1644:studies, revealing a unique
347:. Eutriconodonts existed in
2130:Doklady Biological Sciences
1948:and to a lesser extent the
1568:, the main difference from
633: Eutriconodonta
593:with multituberculates and
6242:
6211:Toarcian first appearances
3323:10.1038/s41598-023-37545-8
3174:10.1038/s41598-020-79159-4
2436:American Mesozoic Mammalia
2405:10.1038/s41586-021-03433-2
1664:(as well as the unrelated
1628:may also display signs of
6206:Maastrichtian extinctions
5948:
5937:
5915:
5825:
5668:
5467:
5262:
5061:
5045:
5041:
5028:
5006:
4788:
4212:
4197:
4184:
4160:
3969:
3740:
3726:
3713:
3659:
3632:
3619:
3555:
3005:10.5710/AMGH.8.8.2012.581
2142:10.1134/S0012496611010042
1668:mammals), in which lower
1660:patterns: one present in
1584:Some eutriconodonts like
1158:
1141:
1134:
1117:
1110:
1093:
1086:
1069:
1062:
1045:
1038:
1021:
1014:
997:
990:
961:
944:
937:
927:
910:
903:
886:
879:
862:
855:
820:
803:
796:
779:
772:
762:
736:
719:
712:
702:
695:
669:
652:
645:
635:
252:
247:
161:Scientific classification
159:
130:
121:
34:
2901:10.3389/fgene.2020.00651
2193:Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia
27:Extinct order of mammals
3091:Papers in Palaeontology
2942:Palaeontologia Polonica
2762:10.1126/science.1237970
2237:National Science Review
1882:Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska
452:Most analyses use only
6216:Taxa described in 1973
3227:10.1098/rspb.2013.2110
2484:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014
1851:
496:long branch attraction
417:
6168:Paleobiology Database
2888:Frontiers in Genetics
1910:or close. Studies on
1840:
1422:and slightly younger
409:
6014:Saint Bathans Mammal
3386:10.7312/kiel11918.16
1986:Reproductive biology
1566:a modern ear anatomy
1546:Like many other non-
3482:2011JVPal..31..829G
3413:2015CrRes..52..167R
3401:Cretaceous Research
3315:2023NatSR..1311221H
3165:2020NatSR..1022378J
3044:2018PLoSO..1399983A
2754:2013Sci...341..779Y
2708:10.1038/nature12429
2700:2013Natur.500..163Z
2654:10.1038/nature12353
2646:2013Natur.500..199Z
2600:10.1038/nature05627
2592:2007Natur.446..288L
2537:10.1038/nature09921
2529:2011Natur.472..181M
2397:2021Natur.592..577M
2350:2017JVPal..37E5425C
2293:10.1038/nature14905
2285:2015Natur.526..380M
2069:10.1017/pab.2014.14
2061:2015Pbio...41..280C
1999:-drinking mammals.
1470:Tendaguru Formation
5459:Prototribosphenida
3962:Ornithorhynchoidea
3812:Ausktribosphenidae
3303:Scientific Reports
3276:10.1111/pala.12692
3221:(1771): 20132110.
3153:Scientific Reports
2250:10.1093/nsr/nwu070
1852:
1622:Meckel's cartilage
1610:thoracic diaphragm
1574:Meckel's cartilage
1386:intertrappean beds
484:it also contained
418:
6183:
6182:
6110:Taxon identifiers
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
5933:
5932:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5452:
5451:
5404:
5403:
5246:
5245:
5024:
5023:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4953:Symmetrodontoides
4809:Zhangheotheriidae
4180:
4179:
4158:
4157:
4128:multituberculates
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
3989:Ornithorhynchidae
3846:
3845:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3377:978-0-231-11918-4
3368:10.7312/kiel11918
3104:10.1002/spp2.1329
2868:978-1-86107-480-5
2748:(6147): 779–783.
2694:(7461): 163–167.
2640:(7461): 199–202.
2586:(7133): 288–293.
2523:(7342): 181–185.
2478:(1679): 237–246.
2391:(7855): 577–582.
2279:(7573): 380–384.
2214:978-0-231-11918-4
1982:to have done so.
1308:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1172:
976:
975:
844:
843:
835:
834:
751:
750:
684:
683:
559:multituberculates
413:Triconodon mordax
353:pre-contact India
334:
333:
243:
16:(Redirected from
6233:
6176:
6175:
6163:
6162:
6150:
6149:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6105:
6005:
5995:
5985:
5975:
5965:
5950:
5939:
5928:
5923:
5922:
5831:
5823:
5804:
5794:
5784:
5774:
5764:
5754:
5744:
5734:
5724:
5714:
5704:
5694:
5684:
5674:
5666:
5647:Tendagurutherium
5607:
5584:
5574:
5564:
5554:
5544:
5534:
5524:
5513:
5503:
5493:
5483:
5473:
5465:
5411:
5275:Austrotriconodon
5260:
5253:
5230:Portopinheirodon
5082:Drescheratherium
5059:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5030:
5019:
5014:
5013:
4946:Spalacotheroides
4932:Spalacotheridium
4867:Spalacotheriidae
4865:
4807:
4786:
4737:
4692:
4591:
4560:
4530:
4466:Gobiconodontidae
4464:
4440:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4400:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4310:
4299:
4288:
4278:
4268:
4258:
4248:
4238:
4228:
4218:
4210:
4199:
4186:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4108:
4071:
4061:
4037:
4020:
4009:
3998:
3975:
3967:
3932:
3901:
3862:
3857:
3821:Ausktribosphenos
3810:
3780:
3759:Tendagurutherium
3756:
3746:
3738:
3732:Australosphenida
3728:
3715:
3657:
3630:
3621:
3614:
3613:
3557:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3176:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3097:(2): 1065–1080.
3082:
3076:
3075:
3065:
3055:
3023:
3017:
3016:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2937:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2903:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2577:
2568:
2557:
2556:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2463:
2448:
2447:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2304:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2202:
2189:
2162:
2161:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2044:
2022:
2013:
1620:and an ossified
1474:Early Cretaceous
1402:Austrotriconodon
1364:Early Cretaceous
1137:
1113:
1089:
1065:
1041:
1017:
993:
940:
930:
906:
882:
858:
799:
775:
769:Gobiconodontidae
765:
715:
705:
698:
648:
638:
630:
585:(2007) and Yuan
577:(2013) and Yuan
506:(2013) and Yuan
460:characters. Gao
237:
232:
169:
168:
126:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6171:
6166:
6158:
6153:
6145:
6140:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6112:
6102:
6089:
6023:
5944:
5929:
5917:
5897:
5868:
5839:
5812:
5660:
5659:Tribosphenida /
5653:
5600:
5461:
5448:
5400:
5358:Mesungulatoidea
5352:
5242:
5115:
5037:
5020:
5008:
4992:
4972:
4858:
4853:Zhangheotherium
4800:
4775:
4763:Trishulotherium
4730:
4725:Volaticotherium
4685:
4672:Victoriaconodon
4593:Triconodontidae
4584:
4553:
4523:
4457:
4413:Phascolotherium
4206:
4193:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4154:
4134:
4093:
4046:
4030:Ornithorhynchus
3983:
3956:
3925:
3903:Steropodontidae
3894:
3864:Kollikodontidae
3842:
3803:
3773:
3722:
3693:
3673:
3646:
3615:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3516:
3515:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3453:10.1.1.818.1039
3433:
3432:
3428:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3378:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3038:(7): e0199983.
3025:
3024:
3020:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2939:
2938:
2927:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2856:
2825:
2821:
2813:10.1.1.116.2491
2793:
2792:
2785:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2344:(3): e1315425.
2334:
2333:
2326:
2270:
2269:
2258:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2191:
2190:
2165:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1988:
1928:Volaticotherium
1904:Ichthyoconodon'
1847:Volaticotherium
1842:Volaticotherins
1819:Late Cretaceous
1812:deltatheroidean
1737:Volaticotherium
1719:Phascolotherium
1678:gobiconodontids
1666:morganucodontan
1654:
1630:dermatophytosis
1624:. Furthermore,
1593:Volaticotherium
1582:
1544:
1539:
1508:Late Cretaceous
1436:, the putative
1368:Late Cretaceous
1342:Victoriaconodon
1338:alticonodontine
1329:volaticotherian
1321:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
987:Triconodontidae
977:
948:Volaticotherium
934:Volaticotherini
845:
836:
752:
685:
656:Phascolotherium
595:trechnotherians
427:Triconodontidae
404:
327:Volaticotherini
321:Triconodontidae
236:
230:
163:
140:Volaticotherium
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
44:Late Cretaceous
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6239:
6237:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6196:Eutriconodonts
6188:
6187:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6164:
6151:
6138:
6122:
6120:
6118:Eutriconodonta
6114:
6113:
6108:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6080:Amphitheriidae
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6045:Eutriconodonta
6042:
6037:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6001:
5991:
5981:
5971:
5960:
5958:
5955:Incertae sedis
5946:
5945:
5942:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5887:
5878:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5858:
5849:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5800:
5790:
5780:
5770:
5760:
5750:
5740:
5730:
5720:
5710:
5700:
5690:
5687:Argaliatherium
5680:
5669:
5663:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5613:
5611:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5590:
5580:
5570:
5560:
5550:
5540:
5530:
5520:
5516:Brancatherulum
5509:
5499:
5489:
5486:Amphibetulimus
5479:
5468:
5462:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5417:
5415:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5391:
5388:Peligrotherium
5384:
5377:
5370:
5367:Coloniatherium
5362:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5343:
5340:Quirogatherium
5336:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5303:Groebertherium
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5263:
5257:
5255:Meridiolestida
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5172:Groebertherium
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5144:Anthracolestes
5140:
5133:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5096:Henkelotherium
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5067:Brancatherulum
5062:
5056:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4960:Symmetrolestes
4956:
4949:
4942:
4939:Spalacotherium
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4890:Cifellitherium
4886:
4879:
4871:
4869:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4811:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4748:Gobiotheriodon
4743:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4721:
4713:
4710:Ichthyoconodon
4706:
4703:Argentoconodon
4698:
4696:
4694:Volaticotheria
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:Volaticotheria
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4609:Arundelconodon
4605:
4597:
4595:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4567:
4565:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4536:
4534:
4532:Jeholodentidae
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4468:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4436:
4426:
4423:Sangarotherium
4416:
4406:
4396:
4386:
4376:
4366:
4356:
4346:
4336:
4326:
4323:Indotriconodon
4316:
4306:
4295:
4284:
4274:
4264:
4254:
4244:
4234:
4224:
4213:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4115:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4067:
4056:
4054:
4052:Tachyglossidae
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4040:Patagorhynchus
4033:
4026:
4016:
4005:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3947:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3867:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3763:
3752:
3741:
3735:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3633:
3627:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3609:Mammaliaformes
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3569:
3560:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3476:(4): 829–843.
3459:
3446:(2): 149–162.
3426:
3391:
3376:
3356:"Metatherians"
3346:
3289:
3250:
3198:
3136:
3110:
3077:
3018:
2982:
2959:
2925:
2874:
2867:
2853:Mammaliaformes
2819:
2783:
2729:
2675:
2621:
2558:
2507:
2449:
2426:
2371:
2324:
2256:
2243:(4): 521–542.
2220:
2213:
2163:
2117:
2082:
2055:(2): 280–312.
2033:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1987:
1984:
1934:Argentoconodon
1925:Additionally,
1869:Ichthyoconodon
1713:Argentoconodon
1662:triconodontids
1653:
1650:
1606:hair follicles
1581:
1578:
1556:venomous spurs
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1502:Indotriconodon
1482:Ichthyoconodon
1453:Kota Formation
1445:Early Jurassic
1430:Early Jurassic
1419:Argentoconodon
1381:Indotriconodon
1347:gobiconodontid
1333:Argentoconodon
1320:
1317:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:Arundelconodon
1068:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
996:
991:
989:
983:
982:
979:
978:
974:
973:
970:
969:
965:Argentoconodon
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
943:
938:
936:
928:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
909:
904:
902:
899:
898:
895:
894:
885:
880:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
861:
856:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
842:
841:
838:
837:
833:
832:
829:
828:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
802:
797:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
778:
773:
771:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
749:
748:
745:
744:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
718:
713:
711:
703:
701:
696:
694:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
678:
677:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
651:
646:
644:
636:
634:
628:
603:Morganucodonta
569:(2010), Zheng
551:spalacotheriid
527:Mammaliaformes
403:
402:Classification
400:
337:Eutriconodonta
332:
331:
330:
329:
323:
317:
314:Sangarotherium
309:
301:
299:Jeholodentidae
295:
289:
281:
273:
265:
259:
250:
249:
245:
244:
234:Eutriconodonta
228:
224:
223:
218:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
157:
156:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
40:Early Jurassic
37:
35:Eutriconodonta
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6238:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6201:Mammal orders
6199:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6174:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6143:
6139:
6134:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6075:Paurodontidae
6073:
6071:
6070:Eupantotheria
6068:
6066:
6065:Symmetrodonta
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6050:Amphilestidae
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5978:Chronoperates
5972:
5970:
5969:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5936:
5927:
5921:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5871:
5863:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5807:Tribactonodon
5801:
5799:
5798:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5767:Kielantherium
5761:
5759:
5758:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5727:Holoclemensia
5721:
5719:
5718:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5661:Boreosphenida
5656:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5577:Palaeoxonodon
5571:
5569:
5568:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5455:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5407:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5347:Solanutherium
5344:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5333:Paraungulatum
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5249:
5239:
5238:
5237:Treslagosodon
5234:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5194:Krebsotherium
5191:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5018:
5012:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4925:Spalacolestes
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4904:Infernolestes
4901:
4899:
4898:
4897:Heishanlestes
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4839:Ningchengodon
4836:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:Trechnotheria
4778:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:Triconolestes
4714:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:Huasteconodon
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4475:Fuxinoconodon
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:Kryptotherium
4357:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4261:Chaoyangodens
4255:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4166:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4104:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4074:Murrayglossus
4068:
4066:
4065:
4064:Megalibgwilia
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3934:Teinolophidae
3928:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3293:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3264:Palaeontology
3261:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2849:Mammaliformes
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:contacts the
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2098:(2): 87–175.
2097:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1477:north African
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:Late Jurassic
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1407:Dryolestoidea
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:Maastrichtian
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:Maastrichtian
1373:
1372:North America
1369:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1351:Huasteconodon
1348:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
995:
994:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
972:
971:
968:
967:
966:
959:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
949:
942:
941:
935:
932:
931:
925:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
915:
908:
907:
901:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
891:
884:
883:
877:
876:
873:
872:
869:
868:
867:
860:
859:
853:
852:
849:
848:
840:
839:
831:
830:
827:
826:
825:
818:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
808:
801:
800:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
784:
777:
776:
770:
767:
766:
760:
759:
756:
755:
747:
746:
743:
742:
741:
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
724:
717:
716:
710:
709:Amphidontidae
707:
706:
700:
699:
693:
692:
689:
688:
680:
679:
676:
675:
674:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
657:
650:
649:
643:
642:Amphilestidae
640:
639:
632:
631:
627:
625:
621:
620:
615:
614:Thomas Martin
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:(2013), Zhou
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:symmetrodonts
552:
548:
544:
543:amphitheriids
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:(2013), Zhou
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
443:
438:
437:
432:
431:Amphilestidae
428:
423:
415:
414:
408:
401:
399:
396:
391:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:South America
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
324:
322:
318:
316:
315:
310:
308:
307:
302:
300:
296:
294:
293:Gobiconodonta
290:
288:
287:
286:Taveirosaurus
282:
280:
279:
274:
272:
271:
266:
264:
263:Amphilestidae
260:
258:
257:Amphidontidae
254:
253:
251:
246:
241:
235:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
167:
162:
158:
154:
153:
148:
147:
142:
141:
136:
135:
129:
125:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
6117:
6055:Theriiformes
6044:
6006:
5996:
5986:
5976:
5966:
5953:
5832:
5805:
5795:
5785:
5777:Pappotherium
5775:
5765:
5755:
5745:
5735:
5725:
5715:
5707:Carinalestes
5705:
5695:
5685:
5675:
5645:
5638:
5633:Peramuroides
5631:
5624:
5616:
5592:
5585:
5575:
5565:
5555:
5545:
5535:
5525:
5514:
5504:
5496:Amphitherium
5494:
5484:
5474:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:Donodontidae
5395:Reigitherium
5393:
5386:
5379:
5374:Mesungulatum
5372:
5365:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5311:Lakotalestes
5309:
5301:
5294:
5289:Casamiquelia
5287:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5235:
5228:
5223:Phascolestes
5221:
5216:Minutolestes
5214:
5207:
5201:Lakotalestes
5199:
5192:
5185:
5180:Guimarotodus
5178:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5137:Amblotherium
5135:
5128:
5121:Dryolestidae
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5065:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4792:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4746:
4739:Tinodontidae
4723:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4630:Eotriconodon
4628:
4623:Corviconodon
4621:
4616:Astroconodon
4614:
4607:
4600:
4577:
4570:
4546:
4539:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4449:
4441:
4433:Tendagurodon
4431:
4421:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4381:
4371:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4311:
4302:Fruitafossor
4300:
4289:
4279:
4269:
4259:
4249:
4239:
4229:
4219:
4204:Theriimorpha
4191:Theriimorpha
4140:Theriimorpha
4086:
4081:Tachyglossus
4079:
4072:
4062:
4038:
4028:
4021:
4012:Monotrematum
4010:
3999:
3976:
3949:
3941:
3918:
3910:
3887:
3879:
3872:
3834:
3826:
3819:
3796:
3791:Asfaltomylos
3789:
3782:Henosferidae
3765:
3757:
3747:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3359:
3349:
3309:(1): 11221.
3306:
3302:
3292:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3218:
3214:
3159:(1): 22378.
3156:
3152:
3122:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3035:
3031:
3021:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2968:
2962:
2945:
2941:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2858:
2843:
2822:
2803:
2799:
2745:
2741:
2691:
2687:
2637:
2633:
2583:
2579:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2475:
2471:
2435:
2429:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2341:
2337:
2302:10486/710730
2276:
2272:
2240:
2236:
2198:
2136:(1): 32–35.
2133:
2129:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2052:
2049:Paleobiology
2048:
2016:
2011:
1990:
1989:
1979:Fruitafossor
1977:
1941:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1867:
1861:
1857:Astroconodon
1855:
1853:
1845:
1828:
1822:
1815:metatherians
1809:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1688:
1681:
1674:amphilestids
1655:
1652:Paleobiology
1635:
1634:
1625:
1601:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1580:Soft tissues
1559:
1545:
1531:dryolestoids
1523:haramiyidans
1516:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1461:Tendagurodon
1459:
1437:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1400:
1379:
1355:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1310:
1162:Corviconodon
1160:
1159:
1143:
1142:
1121:Astroconodon
1119:
1118:
1095:
1094:
1071:
1070:
1047:
1046:
1023:
1022:
999:
998:
963:
962:
946:
945:
912:
911:
888:
887:
864:
863:
822:
821:
805:
804:
781:
780:
738:
737:
721:
720:
671:
670:
654:
653:
624:Theriimorpha
617:
611:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
491:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
451:
440:
436:Morganucodon
434:
419:
411:
392:
388:Triconodonta
387:
385:paraphyletic
380:
336:
335:
312:
304:
284:
276:
268:
239:
233:
221:Theriimorpha
214:
150:
144:
138:
132:
49:184–66
29:
18:Triconodonts
6085:Marsupionta
6060:Pantotheria
6035:Prototheria
5988:Microderson
5797:Tirotherium
5697:Brasilestes
5626:Kouriogenys
5618:Afriquiamus
5609:Peramuridae
5594:Monotremata
5587:Vincelestes
5527:Chunnelodon
5429:Anoualestes
5422:Amazighodon
5381:Orretherium
5326:Necrolestes
5268:Amarillodon
5158:Crusafontia
5054:Dryolestida
5035:Cladotheria
4978:Cladotheria
4967:Yaverlestes
4876:Akidolestes
4846:Origolestes
4825:Kiyatherium
4794:Monotremata
4665:Trioracodon
4602:Alticonodon
4562:Klameliidae
4548:Yanoconodon
4518:Spinolestes
4511:Repenomamus
4504:Meemannodon
4482:Gobiconodon
4451:Monotremata
4393:Manchurodon
4383:Liaotherium
4373:Liaoconodon
4333:Juchilestes
4313:Hakusanodon
4291:Dyskritodon
4251:Aploconodon
4241:Amphilestes
4001:Dharragarra
3951:Teinolophos
3852:Monotremata
3767:Monotremata
3499:11336/68497
3407:: 167–177.
2993:Ameghiniana
2836:taxonomists
2834:. However,
2806:(1): 1–78.
2018:Gobiconodon
1946:xenarthrans
1942:Spinolestes
1919:Yanoconodon
1913:Liaoconodon
1899:Dyskritodon
1886:carnivorans
1863:Dyskritodon
1830:Gobiconodon
1805:Repenomamus
1801:Gobiconodon
1792:Repenomamus
1773:Trioracodon
1761:Yanoconodon
1749:Amphilestes
1743:Liaotherium
1731:Liaoconodon
1707:Gobiconodon
1701:Repenomamus
1626:Spinolestes
1602:Spinolestes
1587:Spinolestes
1495:Gobiconodon
1488:Dyskritodon
1472:), several
1439:Dyskritodon
1370:outside of
1358:Dyskritodon
1145:Alticonodon
1001:Trioracodon
914:Liaoconodon
890:Yanoconodon
824:Repenomamus
807:Gobiconodon
783:Spinolestes
740:Juchilestes
723:Hakusanodon
673:Amphilestes
619:Spinolestes
547:dryolestids
531:crown group
520:Yanoconodon
512:Amphilestes
487:Juchilestes
478:Amphilestes
442:Sinoconodon
371:during the
351:(including
306:Liaoconodon
278:Bocaconodon
270:Dyskritodon
152:Yanoconodon
134:Repenomamus
6190:Categories
6040:Yinotheria
6028:Other taxa
6008:Tingamarra
5998:Thereuodon
5943:Other taxa
5891:marsupials
5885:Metatheria
5874:Metatheria
5862:placentals
5834:Patagomaia
5677:Aegialodon
5567:Nanolestes
5187:Hercynodon
5165:Dryolestes
5089:Euthlastus
5075:Dorsetodon
4987:see below↓
4918:Shalbaatar
4832:Maotherium
4658:Triconodon
4644:Meiconodon
4572:Ferganodon
4541:Jeholodens
4443:Allotheria
4343:Jueconodon
4281:Condorodon
4221:Acinacodus
4149:see below↓
4122:Allotheria
4110:Allotheria
3920:Steropodon
3912:Parvopalus
3881:Kryoryctes
3874:Kollikodon
3836:Kryoparvus
3798:Henosferus
3688:see below↓
3667:Cynodontia
3652:Cynodontia
3600:Cynodontia
3591:Therapsida
3131:1041779295
2999:(4): 497.
2112:4650939832
2029:References
1992:Triconodon
1950:hero shrew
1844:, such as
1755:Jeholodens
1725:Triconodon
1692:carnassial
1637:Triconodon
1561:Jeholodens
1479:taxa like
1425:Condorodon
1097:Meiconodon
1025:Triconodon
866:Jeholodens
535:monotremes
516:Jeholodens
458:mandibular
377:Cretaceous
248:Subgroups
146:Jeholodens
5968:Atlasodon
5889:includes
5860:includes
5757:Kermackia
5737:Hypomylos
5443:Stylodens
5319:Leonardus
5282:Bondesius
5209:Laolestes
5130:Achyrodon
5110:Tathiodon
4911:Lactodens
4651:Priacodon
4637:Jugulator
4489:Hangjinia
4403:Nakunodon
4353:Kemchugia
4126:includes
4088:Zaglossus
4023:Obdurodon
3943:Stirtodon
3640:Synapsida
3625:Synapsida
3582:Synapsida
3565:Kingdom:
3448:CiteSeerX
3284:0031-0239
3013:129208347
2948:: 35–65.
2832:squamosal
2808:CiteSeerX
2444:277220687
2421:233183060
2319:205245235
1958:pangolins
1954:anteaters
1940:At least
1894:cetaceans
1890:pinnipeds
1878:cetaceans
1824:Nanocuris
1779:Priacodon
1767:Priacodon
1694:teeth of
1683:Priacodon
1658:occlusion
1648:anatomy.
1616:, dermal
1519:docodonts
1512:gondwanan
1443:from the
1434:Argentina
1428:from the
1414:laurasian
1394:Campanian
1360:" indicus
1049:Priacodon
607:Docodonta
343:of early
184:Kingdom:
178:Eukaryota
6147:10506341
6127:Wikidata
5856:Eutheria
5845:Eutheria
5787:Picopsis
5747:Juramaia
5537:Magnimus
5506:Arguimus
5476:Abelodon
5296:Cronopio
5151:Beckumia
5103:Paurodon
4818:Anebodon
4770:Yermakia
4579:Klamelia
4231:Amphidon
3889:Sundrius
3749:Ambondro
3720:Mammalia
3679:Mammalia
3573:Chordata
3571:Phylum:
3567:Animalia
3549:Mammalia
3508:85069761
3341:37464026
3332:10354204
3245:24089340
3193:33361774
3072:30044817
3032:PLOS ONE
2954:12120414
2920:32774343
2894:: 0651.
2778:25885140
2770:23950536
2716:23925238
2662:23925244
2608:17361176
2545:21490668
2502:19726475
2413:33828300
2366:90035415
2311:26469049
2158:10324906
2150:21374009
2077:86087687
1970:aardwolf
1966:aardvark
1962:echidnas
1642:endocast
1570:therians
1552:epipubic
1527:therians
1490:amazighi
1466:Tanzania
1345:and the
1325:Toarcian
1313:Mammalia
599:Mesozoic
591:polytomy
395:Mesozoic
375:and the
373:Jurassic
238:Kermack
208:Mammalia
198:Chordata
194:Phylum:
188:Animalia
174:Domain:
6133:Q135419
6019:UA 8699
5640:Peramus
5557:Mozomus
5547:Minimus
5436:Donodon
4756:Tinodon
4271:Comodon
3978:Opalios
3828:Bishops
3478:Bibcode
3409:Bibcode
3311:Bibcode
3236:3790494
3184:7759581
3161:Bibcode
3063:6059412
3040:Bibcode
2911:7381353
2828:dentary
2750:Bibcode
2742:Science
2724:4346751
2696:Bibcode
2670:2164378
2642:Bibcode
2616:4329583
2588:Bibcode
2553:4428972
2525:Bibcode
2493:2842676
2393:Bibcode
2346:Bibcode
2281:Bibcode
2057:Bibcode
1908:in situ
1797:trophic
1696:therian
1598:patagia
1548:therian
1542:Anatomy
1537:Biology
1497:palaios
1455:), the
1441:indicus
539:therian
447:therian
422:mammals
345:mammals
227:Order:
204:Class:
5818:Theria
5717:Eomaia
4883:Aliaga
3506:
3450:
3384:
3374:
3339:
3329:
3282:
3243:
3233:
3191:
3181:
3129:
3070:
3060:
3011:
2952:
2918:
2908:
2865:
2844:living
2810:
2776:
2768:
2722:
2714:
2688:Nature
2668:
2660:
2634:Nature
2614:
2606:
2580:Nature
2551:
2543:
2517:Nature
2500:
2490:
2442:
2419:
2411:
2385:Nature
2364:
2317:
2309:
2273:Nature
2211:
2207:–248.
2156:
2148:
2110:
2075:
1974:numbat
1618:scutes
1614:spines
1504:magnus
1499:, and
1392:; the
1378:genus
1374:. The
1336:, the
587:et al.
583:et al.
579:et al.
575:et al.
571:et al.
567:et al.
563:et al.
557:" and
508:et al.
504:et al.
500:et al.
492:et al.
482:et al.
474:et al.
470:et al.
466:et al.
462:et al.
454:dental
416:, 1861
381:et al.
361:Europe
357:Africa
339:is an
242:, 1973
240:et al.
6173:67671
6160:12974
6155:IRMNG
3605:Clade
3596:Clade
3587:Clade
3578:Clade
3504:S2CID
3382:JSTOR
3270:(2).
3009:S2CID
2950:S2CID
2840:clade
2774:S2CID
2720:S2CID
2666:S2CID
2612:S2CID
2576:(PDF)
2549:S2CID
2417:S2CID
2362:S2CID
2315:S2CID
2154:S2CID
2073:S2CID
2003:Notes
1888:than
1874:seals
1787:shrew
1646:brain
1506:from
1464:from
1449:India
1390:India
1319:Range
365:North
341:order
215:Clade
5883:see
5854:see
4120:see
3665:see
3638:see
3372:ISBN
3337:PMID
3280:ISSN
3241:PMID
3189:PMID
3127:OCLC
3068:PMID
2916:PMID
2863:ISBN
2766:PMID
2712:PMID
2658:PMID
2604:PMID
2541:PMID
2498:PMID
2440:OCLC
2409:PMID
2307:PMID
2209:ISBN
2146:PMID
2108:OCLC
1997:milk
1972:and
1931:and
1902:and
1892:and
1876:and
1866:and
1803:and
1770:and
1752:and
1728:and
1676:and
1670:cusp
1590:and
1521:and
1492:and
605:and
537:and
518:and
456:and
367:and
349:Asia
149:and
57:PreꞒ
6142:EoL
3494:hdl
3486:doi
3417:doi
3364:doi
3327:PMC
3319:doi
3272:doi
3231:PMC
3223:doi
3219:280
3179:PMC
3169:doi
3099:doi
3058:PMC
3048:doi
3001:doi
2973:doi
2906:PMC
2896:doi
2851:or
2758:doi
2746:341
2704:doi
2692:500
2650:doi
2638:500
2596:doi
2584:446
2533:doi
2521:472
2488:PMC
2480:doi
2476:277
2401:doi
2389:592
2354:doi
2297:hdl
2289:doi
2277:526
2245:doi
2205:216
2138:doi
2134:436
2100:doi
2065:doi
1447:of
1432:of
1388:of
439:or
355:),
6192::
6170::
6157::
6144::
6129::
3607::
3598::
3589::
3580::
3502:.
3492:.
3484:.
3474:31
3472:.
3444:40
3442:.
3438:.
3415:.
3405:52
3403:.
3380:.
3370:.
3358:.
3335:.
3325:.
3317:.
3307:13
3305:.
3301:.
3278:.
3268:67
3266:.
3262:.
3239:.
3229:.
3217:.
3213:.
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3187:.
3177:.
3167:.
3157:10
3155:.
3151:.
3139:^
3125:.
3113:^
3093:.
3089:.
3066:.
3056:.
3046:.
3036:13
3034:.
3030:.
3007:.
2997:49
2995:.
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2944:.
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2904:.
2892:11
2890:.
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2802:.
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