921:
that Dutch can't keep Dutch New Guinea from
Indonesia that they wanted took steps to prepare it for independence as a separate country. The Dutch and some West Papuan leaders argued that the territory did not belong to Indonesia because the West Papuans were ethnically and geographically separated from Indonesians, had always been administered separately, and that the West Papuans did not want to be under Indonesian control. From its independence in 1949 until 1961, Indonesia attempted to gain control of Western New Guinea through the United Nations. The vote reached majority but not two-thirds needed for adoption. Since the
1403:, the Deputy Chief of the Indonesian Navy Staff. Some 55 survivors were captured. Over the next eight months, the Indonesian forces managed to insert 562 troops by sea and 1,154 by air drops. The inserted Indonesian troops conducted guerrilla operations throughout Western New Guinea from April 1962 onwards, but they were largely militarily ineffective. At least 94 Indonesian soldiers were killed and 73 were wounded during the hostilities. By contrast, the Dutch suffered only minimal casualties.
820:
956:, escalated pressure on the Netherlands by nationalising Dutch-owned businesses and estates and repatriating Dutch nationals. These actions increased tensions between Indonesia and the Netherlands led to a sharp reduction in trade between the two countries. Following a sustained period of harassment of Dutch diplomats in Indonesia, Indonesia formally severed ties with the Netherlands in August 1960. Indonesia also increased its military pressure on Dutch New Guinea by buying weapons from the
1201:
Netherlands to relinquish control of West Papua. At the height of the Cold War, it was strategically critical that
Indonesia remain outside the Soviet sphere of influence, which made the U.S willing to take action to ensure a neutral or friendly relationship with Indonesia. By enforcing the transfer of New Guinea, the US could keep the Sukarno regime friendly. As the US relinquished support, the Dutch eventually gave way to US pressure and the threat of an extended conflict in New Guinea.
1500:
300 was isolated and assaulted by Dutch forces. On 25 March 1962, Indonesian Air force planes engaged a Dutch Navy ship, setting the ship on fire. On 26 March 1962, Dutch forces landed in Gag island. The fighting from both forces lasted for a month. On 15 April 1962, Dutch forces began another sweeping operation on the island, however some PG 300 forces was able to move to the interior and to other coastal areas. Around 29 Gag islanders joined with PG 300 forces.
316:
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54:
813:
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304:
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secure acceptance in the United
Nations for the pro-integration vote. In all, 84 member states voted in favor for the United Nations to accept the result, with 30 others abstaining. Due to the Netherlands' efforts to promote a West Papuan national identity, a significant number of West Papuans refused to accept the territory's integration into Indonesia. These formed the separatist Organisasi Papua Merdeka (
1429:("Victory over Imperialism") and would have included a substantial task force of 60 ships including several which had been supplied by Sukarno's Soviet and Eastern Bloc allies. On 13 and 14 August 1962, air drops of Indonesian troops were staged from Sorong in the northwest to Merauke in the southeast as a diversion for an amphibious assault against the Dutch military base at Biak by a force of 7,000 Army (
1380:'s diplomatic confrontation with the Dutch. Operation Trikora was to unfold in three phases: infiltration, exploitation and consolidation, all under cover of the Indonesian Air Force. The plan called first for the insertion of small bands of Indonesian troops by sea and by airdrop, who would then draw Dutch forces away from areas where the exploitation phase would stage full-scale amphibious landings and
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149:
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987:(the future President of Indonesia) serving as its commander. In preparation for the planned invasion, the Mandala command began making land, air, and sea incursions into West Irian. As a result, Indonesia began a policy of confronting the Dutch over control of Western New Guinea. Sukarno also embarked on a policy of "progressive mobilization" to prepare the nation to carry out his commands.
421:
1653:, which handed the colony to an interim United Nations administration. Consequently, Operation Jayawijaya was called off and Western New Guinea was officially acquired by Indonesia in 1963. The Dutch decision to hand over Western New Guinea to Indonesia had been influenced by its main ally, the United States. While the Netherlands was a member of the
1212:, the US ambassador in Jakarta. Admiral Sudomo revealed in a newspaper article in 2005 that six Soviet submarines supported the amphibious operations while stationed Bitang, East Sulawesi, tasked to attack the Dutch fleet in Manokwari. Submarine commander Rudolf Ryzhikov recalled in a Russian article he received orders on 29 July from Admiral
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was unwilling to antagonize
Indonesia since it was trying to court President Sukarno away from the Soviet orbit. The Indonesian military's incursions into West Irian, plus the substantial Soviet military assistance to the Indonesian military, had convinced the United States government to pressure the
1507:
On 15 July 1962, PG 500 under the command of Jonkey Robert
Komontoy, consisted of 87 people travelled from Gebe island to Waigeo. In Waigeo they met up with forces under Herlina Kasim which was a false flag unit. These 2 forces joined and enter Arugu Bay, northwest of Sorong. PG 500 enter Sausapor on
1481:
On 23 March 1962, infiltration began using 3 boats, one of them motorised, and carry PG 600. PG 600 was led by Maksum with Ki R/XV under the leadership of Lt. Nussy. They travelled from Ujir and Karwai to S. Jera. a unit consisted of 24 members under the leadership of
Octavianus Marani was able land,
1580:
On 17 May 1962, with a C-47 plane, a drop was performed on
Teminabuan consisted of 39 people under the leadership of Air Lt. Lambertus Manuhua. The landed in Dutch military barracks, the fighting began immediately for several days before Indonesian forces managed to take over on 21 May 1962, and fly
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On 18 March 1962 at 15.15 from this post, on Gebe island, PG 300 consisted of 2 platoons and
Command Company 191261, under the leadership of Lt. Nana attempt an infiltration to Waigeo. They were sighted by Dutch reconnaissance plane, and therefore was forced to land on Gag island, west of Waigeo. PG
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in
December 1960 to negotiate what eventually turned out to be a US$ 2.5 billion arms package with the Soviet government. The subsequent deliveries that arose from this deal led the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) to boast that Indonesia had the strongest air force in the southern hemisphere.
990:
While the United States, the United
Kingdom and Australia sided with the Netherlands' claims to Western New Guinea and were opposed to Indonesian expansionism, they were unwilling to commit military support to the Dutch. The Netherlands was unable to find sufficient international support for its New
1618:
This infiltration operation was planned on using 3 submarines to land 45 servicemen under the leadership of First Lt. Dolf Latumahina on regions surrounding Jayapura. In this operation, one submarine managed to land forces in Tanah Merah. The other two submarines did not manage to land forces after
1568:
Garuda Putih, consisted of 122 members led by Lettu Idris with the target Kaimana. The first drop was on 15 Nay 1962, consisting of 27 people. On this drop a C-47 plane was shot down on the way home. As a result, on second drop, this operation used the larger Hercules plane. On 19 May 1962 at 04.00
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was responsible for the defence of Western New Guinea. In 1962, the Dutch naval presence in New Guinea consisted of five anti-submarine destroyers, two frigates, three submarines, one survey vessel, one supply ship and two oil tankers. Dutch air power in Western New Guinea consisted of 11 Lockheed
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and will discuss method of transfer over the next 12 months. Instead, Dutch wanted to retain Dutch New Guinea. Right-wing politicians wanted that the "Dutch flag remain planted in at least one portion of the former colony" and cited the presence of oil around Sorong. Only when situation is certain
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After the Act of Free Choice plebiscite in 1969, West Irian was formally integrated into the Republic of Indonesia. While several international observers including journalists and diplomats criticized the referendum as being rigged, the United States and Australia supported Indonesia's efforts to
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Units sent from this post, were tasked to collect intelligence. There were 5 failed attempts although on 13 May 1962 a unit consisted of 20 people from Brimob was able to arrive although promptly captured by Dutch Navy before they were able to land. On 7 August 1962 63 people consisted of 53 from
1216:
to patrol a combat zone west of New Guinea and sink any shipping after midnight on 5 August. Naval officer and Historian Matthijs Ooms has shown in his masterpaper that the Dutch naval intelligence service, MARID (Marine Inlichtingendienst), received information in the summer of 1962 that Soviet
1200:
Soviet support of Indonesia played a crucial role in ending the conflict over New Guinea. Owing to the support of Soviet submarines and bombers, Indonesian military forces could confidently launch attacks on Dutch troops. In response to the Soviet presence, the United States put pressure on the
1532:
After the failed infiltration from Post 101, on 9 August 1962, Raider Corps Kodam XV under the leadership of Lt. Nussy landed in Misool. Another forces from Wahai on 11 August 1962 consisted of 46 members was forced to return after meeting a Dutch Navy destroyer. However, after escorts from 5
1503:
On 20 April 1962, 2 platoons 191260 PG 300 under the command of Sergeant Major Boy Thomas travelled from Yu island to Tanjung Dalpele on Waigeo. They were sighted by Dutch reconnaissance plane, and therefore took refuge in Bala-Bala island for 2 hours before landed safely in Tanjung Dalpele.
1406:
Indonesian military activity continued to increase in the area through mid-1962 in preparation for the second phase of the operation. The Indonesian Air Force began to fly missions in the area from bases on surrounding islands, with Soviet-supplied Tupolev Tu-16 bombers armed with
967:
On 26 September 1961, the Netherlands proposed United Nations administration for which the Netherlands would maintain $ 30 million annual funding, and proposed a United Nations commission to assess conditions, the public's wishes, and possibility of a United Nations plebiscite.
1665:
The New York Agreement was the result of negotiations led by the US diplomat Ellsworth Bunker. As a face-saving measure for the Dutch, Bunker arranged for a Dutch-Indonesian ceasefire which would be followed by the handover of Western New Guinea on 1 October 1962 to a temporary
1674:, would be held in 1969 to determine whether the West Papuans would choose to remain in Indonesia or seek self-determination. However, US efforts to win over Sukarno proved futile and Indonesia turned its attention to the former British colony of Malaysia, resulting in the
999:. In response to Indonesian claims, the Netherlands sped up the process of implementing West Papuan self-rule from 1959 onward. These measures included the establishment of a legislative New Guinea Council in 1960, establishing hospitals, completion of a shipyard in
1639:
This operation consisted of three operations, Operation Elang landed 132 airborne forces consisting of PGT in Klamono-Sorong, Operation Gagak landed 141 airborne forces from Yon-454 in Kaimana, and Operation Alap-alap landed 132 PGT forces in Merauke from Bandung.
1330:
In accordance with the development of the Trikora situation, instructions were given by the Commander in Chief of the Highest Commodity of Liberation of West Irian No. 1 to Major General Suharto, Commanding General of the Mandala Command, which were the following:
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On 19 May 1962, with a Hercules plane, a drop was performed on Sansapor with forces consisted of 81 people under the leadership of second Lt. Suhadi. They landed on Dutch military barracks, the fighting ended quickly, as Dutch forces suffered a loss of morale.
1482:
although the parent force was forced to return because was sighted by Neptune plane. They are able to return except 7 members on board the vessel "Ho Sing Sang" which was shot by Dutch forces and presumed lost between Etna Bay and Watu Belah Islands.
1508:
17 July 1962. Previous successful infiltration by PG 400 consisted of 200 people. This group movement was covered by Herlina forces on 12 August 1962. In Waigeo, Indonesian soldiers did not encounter Dutch forces as they rarely visited the island.
1593:
A successful paratrooper operation occurred on 24 June 1962, with the target Merauke using 3 Hercules planes. This operation consisted of 55 members of special forces, and 160 members of Battalion 530/Brawijaya under the command of Major
1349:
Infiltration (until the end 1962), namely by deploying infantry units around certain targets to create a strong de facto free area that is resistant to destruction by the enemy and to develop territorial control by unifying the local
1606:
Operation Badar Lumut was trained in Tual (Post 101) with forces from Battalion 521/Brawijaya. They were planned to land on Kaimana, however, the operation was not started because of higher Dutch patrol intensity on the coast.
1399:, one Indonesian boat was sunk and two others were badly damaged and forced to retreat. Thus, this planned Indonesian amphibious landing ended disastrously with many crew members and marines being killed, among them Commodore
1217:
crews were manning Indonesian submarines and Tupolev bombers. In his memoirs, Khrushchev freely admitted that during the West New Guinea crisis Soviet personnel had been commanding Indonesian submarines and piloting Tu-16s.
1648:
On 15 August 1962, the Netherlands recognized Indonesia's resolve to take Western New Guinea. Since it was unwilling to be drawn into a protracted conflict on the other side of the world, the Dutch government signed the
1552:
Operasi Banteng Merah, under the leadership of Air Captain Santoso, with the target of Kaimana. This unit consisted of 39 members, led by Lettu Heru Sinodo. The drop was on 26 May 1962, at 05.00, using 3 C-47 planes.
1533:
Motorised Torpedo Boats (MTB), they were able to land on 12 August 1962. Those 5 MTB were engaged with Dutch forces consisted of 1 frigate, 1 destroyer, 1 submarine, and 1 Neptune, however managed to return safely.
1265:, a US diplomat, to submit proposals addressing the problem of the status of West Irian. Bunker proposed that the Netherlands cede West Irian to Indonesia through the United Nations within a period of 2 years.
1564:
Garuda Merah, consisted of 140 members led by Captain Kartawi with the target Fakfak. The first drop was on 15 May 1962, consisting of 40 people. The second drop was on 16 May 1962, consisting of 38 people.
1836:
Some sources claim that the wording of the third command is "Prepare for mass mobilization to protect the independence and unity of the Motherland and Nation," but this exact wording wasn't in Sukarno's
1544:
Operasi Banteng Putih, under the leadership of Air Major Nayoan, with the target of Fakfak. This unit consisted of 40 members, led by Lettu Agus Hernoto. The drop was on 26 April 1962, at 04.00, using 3
481:
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the operation was paused, after cessation of hostilities. All submarines managed to land safely back to base. The successful infiltrators managed to made contact with Marthen Indey, and Elly Uyo.
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Developing the situation in West Papua in accordance with the struggle in the field of diplomacy and in the shortest possible time in this region creating de facto regions of Indonesian control.
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2197:
Nikita Khrushchev, Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev: Volume 3: Statesman (1953-1964), ed. Sergei Khrushchev, trans. George Shriver (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Press, 2007)
1610:
Operation Badar Besi was planned in conjunction based in Post 103 with forces from Battalion 515/Brawijaya. Although same with the previous operation was not started yet.
1051:
Indonesia began seeking weapons from abroad in response to the conflict with the Netherlands. Having failed to secure anything from the United States (Dutch membership in
1541:
This operation was done by of paratroopers from PGT and RPKAD with the target of Kaimana and Fakfak. Based on those 2 objectives this operation consisted of 2 operation.
3101:
1813:. Other roads in several Indonesian cities, particularly in Papua and West Papua, are also named after the operation as well. Another place named after the operation is
1257:
to ensure that they would not support the Netherlands in a potential Dutch-Indonesian conflict. In the United Nations General Assembly in 1961, the UN Secretary General
495:
3726:
1376:
In 1962, Indonesian incursions into the territory in the form of paratroop drops and the naval landings of guerrillas were used to step up Indonesian Foreign Minister
3766:
1273:
On 27 December 1958, President Sukarno issued Law No. 86 of 1958 concerning the nationalization of all Dutch companies in Indonesia. Nationalized companies included:
2889:
1598:. A moderately successful guerrilla operation by these forces, forced the Dutch to send reinforcements to bolster Merauke forces from two corps to two battalions.
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2275:
1670:(UNTEA). On 1 May 1963, Indonesia formally annexed Western New Guinea. As part of the New York Agreement, it was stipulated that a popular plebiscite, called the
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1985:
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infantry battalions. As part of the planned defence, the Dutch had considered using Marid 6 NNG to disrupt the Indonesian military's communication systems.
2840:
1706:
Many monuments and places are dedicated to the Trikora command, and subsequently the operation itself. Numerous monuments were built, notably the two in
1577:
The units from this operation consisted from members of PGT with the target of Sorong regions and the surrounding. This operation is split into 2 steps.
3111:
2397:
789:
3295:
925:, Indonesian nationalists had regarded Western New Guinea as an intrinsic part of the Indonesian state. Though Indonesian nationalists contend that
851:
1516:
1204:
The Soviet support was secret – the "volunteers" wore Indonesian uniforms. However, according to Khrushchev's memoirs, Indonesian Foreign Minister
2991:
2969:
917:
505:
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motor torpedo boats attempted to land a unit of 150 marines on the south coast of New Guinea near Vlakke Hoek. The force was detected by a Dutch
3741:
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1176:(AURI) were to repair war-damaged airbases, which would be used for infiltration operations and normal operations on the West Irian mainland.
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began to prepare plans for the United Nations to give the impression that surrender to Indonesia was legal. Although reluctantly, President
659:
2256:
Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law, T.M.C. Asser Press, 21 July 2017, page 91
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Consolidation (early 1964), namely by demonstrating the power and absolute sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia throughout West Papua.
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finally supported these plans, fearing that, without U.S support, the Indonesians would become further entrenched into the Soviet-bloc.
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1675:
1654:
557:
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This operation was commenced on 30 June 1962 intended to supply infiltration forces that had successfully landed (Operation Naga) in
948:
Since 1954, Indonesia had sporadically launched military raids into Western New Guinea. Following the failure of negotiations at the
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929:(Irian Barat) belonged to Indonesia and was being illegally occupied by the Dutch, Indonesia has not presented this argument to the
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Exploitation (early 1963), namely carrying out an open attack on enemy forces and occupying all important enemy defense posts.
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Plan, prepare and conduct military operations with the aim of unification of West Papua as part of the territory of Indonesia.
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states that the Dutch were relinquishing the “whole territory of Netherlands (East) Indie" and West Papua was incorporated in
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became fully independent as Indonesia in December 1949, the Dutch retained sovereignty over the western part of the island of
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regarding the liberation of Papua, revolving around "The three principles of Trikora." The three principles of Trikora were:
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to seize key locations. The consolidation phase would then expand Indonesian control over the whole of Western New Guinea.
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by 1 January 1963. Trikora's operational command was to be called the Mandala Command for the Liberation of West Irian (
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Two battalions of Raiders Yon 454/Diponegoro and PGT members joined for this operation. This force was split into 2:
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By the summer of 1962, the Indonesian military had begun planning a large-scale amphibious and air assault against
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presence. Such airbases and landing strips were last used in 1945, and had since fallen into disrepair.
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aircraft and the Indonesian boats were intercepted by three Dutch destroyers. During the subsequent
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Prepare for mass mobilisation that cover all Indonesians to free West Papua from Dutch imperialism
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964:. Over the following years, the Sukarno government became dependent on Soviet military support.
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the second drop consisted of 79 people. On 26 May 1962, the third drop consisted of 68 people.
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Guinea policy. By contrast, Sukarno was able to muster the support of the Soviet Union and its
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2398:"Beginilah Perjuangan Merebut Irian Barat, Bertempur dan menyerang Dari Dalam – Semua Halaman"
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Matthijs Ooms, “Geheime Sovjetsteun in Nieuw-Guinea”, Marineblad, Vol. 122, No. 5 (2012), 26.
1762:. Monuments alco commemorate paratroopers involved in Operation Trikora, such as a statue in
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long-range medium bombers, and 12 maritime versions of Tu-16 aircraft equipped to launch the
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1905:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Badan Kontak Keluarga Besar Perintis Irian Barat. 1988. p. 192
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1465:. In addition, Dutch ground forces consisted of several anti-aircraft artillery units, five
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1437:) paratroopers, 4,500 marines and 13,000 army servicemen, from various military districts (
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1425:, the Netherlands' main power base in West Irian. This operation would have been known as
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Strategies developed by the CGMC to carry out these instructions included the following:
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considered it an act of trading one occupying power for another. However, in April 1961,
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On 19 December 1961, Sukarno decreed the establishment of the People's Triple Command or
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Cuplikan Pidato Presiden Sukarno : TRIKORA di Yogyakarta tanggal 19 desember 1961.
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1003:, development of agricultural research sites and plantations; and the creation of the
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2276:"Active Soviet military support for Indonesia during the 1962 West New Guinea Crisis"
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with Indonesia on 15 August 1962, relinquishing control of Western New Guinea to the
755:
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section and Neptune aircraft detected the invasion force and alerted their command.
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In the buildup to the conflict, Indonesia approached key regional players including
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Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia
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which in turn became Republic of Indonesia, has also not been tended at the ICJ.
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2247:“Perebutan Irian Barat: Di Balik Konflik RI-Belanda 1962”, Suara Pembaruan, 2005
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On 15 January 1962, the infiltration phase of Operation Trikora began when four
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2365:"Sejarah Perlawanan Terhadap Imperialis dan Kolonialisme di Daerah Irian Jaya"
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Platje, Wies (2001). "Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950–62".
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Platje, Wies (2001). "Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950–62".
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in 1965 and was replaced by the pro-Western Suharto. The US mining company
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Patiara, John; Renwarin, Herman; Soedharto, Bondan; Palangan, M. (1983).
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Brimob and 10 volunteers managed to land in Rumbati near Patipi, Fakfak.
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let the Soviet willingness to actively provide military support leak to
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anti-ship missiles deployed in anticipation of an attack against the
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To achieve air superiority, the first preparations undertaken by the
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did not support the surrender of West Papua to Indonesia, since the
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Indonesia bought various kinds of military equipment, including 41
2473:"Sejarah Dibalik Berdirinya Monumen Trikora Jayawijaya Di Salakan"
2158:"Operasi Trikora, Upaya Indonesia Merebut Irian Barat Halaman all"
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against the Indonesian authorities, which continues to this day.
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in 1961 and 1962. After negotiations, the Netherlands signed the
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Konfrontasi Revisited: Indonesia's Foreign Policy Under Soekarno
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began exploiting Western New Guinea's copper and gold deposits.
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1052:
2822:
2500:"Monumen Trikora Kota Bitung: Saksi Sejarah Yang Terpinggirkan"
1315:
2750:"Operation Trikora – Indonesia's Takeover of West New Guinea"
1986:"Operation Trikora – Indonesia's Takeover of West New Guinea"
1875:"Operation Trikora – Indonesia's Takeover of West New Guinea"
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
1678:. Ultimately, President Sukarno was overthrown during the
73:
19 December 1961 – 15 August 1962
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
1722:), Mandala Command for West Irian Liberation Monument in
1015:
On 19 December 1961, President Sukarno made a speech in
2800:"West Irian and the Suharto Presidency: a perspective"
2603:"Moerdani Monument in Merauke Regency, Papua Province"
2208:"How Russia helped Indonesia annex Western New Guinea"
2082:
2080:
2078:
2629:"Desember, Tiga Ruas Jalan di Jogja akan Ganti Nama"
2238:“Topi ikh vsekh!”, Tekhnika Molodezhi, No. 11 (1995)
1457:
P2V-7B Neptune aircraft from the Dutch Navy plus 24
1148:. Of the types of transport aircraft, there were 26
3562:
3497:
3355:
3308:
3227:
3083:
2951:
2860:
1662:Dutch to seek a peaceful solution to the conflict.
1318:(a Dutch airline) from entering Indonesian airspace
2116:
2114:
1293:While other policies were implemented, including:
975:(Trikora) in order to annex what Indonesia called
2754:Pathfinder: Air Power Development Centre Bulletin
2734:(Fourth ed.). Singapore: Periplus Editions.
2391:
2389:
2128:
2126:
2059:
2057:
1990:Pathfinder: Air Power Development Centre Bulletin
1879:Pathfinder: Air Power Development Centre Bulletin
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1718:and Trikora Monument inside TNI headquarters in
2304:"Maritime-sar – Militaire Luchtvaart Nederland"
1925:"Nederland stuurt militairen naar Nieuw-Guinea"
34:
3757:Military operations involving the Soviet Union
2687:Centre for Strategic and International Studies
1793:A short main street located north of Northern
1528:, who later participated in Operation Trikora.
3732:Military operations involving the Netherlands
2834:
875:operation which aimed to seize and annex the
845:
8:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1668:United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
3314:
3233:
3089:
2957:
2841:
2827:
2819:
1027:from forming a puppet state in West Papua.
852:
838:
411:
52:
31:
1372:The disputed territory of West New Guinea
1133:. Of the types of bombers, there were 22
1032:Indonesian bicolour (the "red and white")
2185:"Heroic Story of Seizing West Irian (1)"
2072:UN General Assembly plenary meeting 1016
1515:
1486:Infiltration from Post 102 Kapi Jembawan
1321:Prohibiting the screening of Dutch films
3727:Military operations involving Indonesia
2732:Irian Jaya : Indonesian New Guinea
2226:"Russische duikboten voor Nieuw-Guinea"
1962:Audrey and George McTurnan Kahin, p. 45
1866:
1829:
1657:(NATO) and thus an ally of the US, the
1184:which were common along the borders of
918:Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference
414:
27:1961–1962 Indonesian military operation
2156:Media, Kompas Cyber (22 August 2021).
1809:(Trikora Street) before being renamed
1631:, New Guinea, using a Hercules plane.
1122:missile boats, and one ex-Soviet Navy
981:Komando Mandala Pembebasan Irian Barat
3747:Liberal democracy period in Indonesia
2526:"Mengenal Monumen Trikora di Morotai"
2088:West Irian and the Suharto Presidency
1581:the Indonesian flag on the compound.
7:
1949:
1947:
1602:Operation Badar Lumut and Badar Besi
790:Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
1477:Infiltration from Post 101 Hanggodo
933:(ICJ). A further argument that the
58:Indonesian stamp commemorating the
3767:Netherlands–Soviet Union relations
2900:French and British era (1806–1816)
2771:Intelligence and National Security
2396:Wardayati, K. Tatik (1 May 2018).
2028:Intelligence and National Security
1738:, as well as Trikora monuments in
1676:Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation
1655:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1156:-14 light transport aircraft, six
1055:was the possible reason), General
25:
2551:"Tugu Trikora di Pusaran Korupsi"
1495:Infiltration from Post 103 Hanilo
1311:Dutch workers strike in Indonesia
1280:Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij
3762:Indonesia–Soviet Union relations
2711:. Singapore: Archipelago Press,
2578:"54 Tahun Tugu Trikora Telantar"
818:
811:
419:
373:
357:
338:
322:
314:
302:
283:
272:
261:
250:
239:
228:
217:
206:
186:
173:
159:
147:
2920:Liberal democracy era (1950–59)
2674:University of the South Pacific
2308:militaireluchtvaartnederland.nl
1188:and West Irian, were relics of
3188:People's Consultative Assembly
2709:Sukarno: A Political Biography
2183:Sibero, Tarigan (3 May 2006).
1712:West Irian Liberation Monument
1452:According to Wies Platje, the
1443:Marid 6 Netherlands New Guinea
1364:Indonesian military operations
952:, the president of Indonesia,
931:International Court of Justice
923:Indonesian National Revolution
501:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
3742:History of Western New Guinea
2930:Transitional period (1965–66)
2915:National Revolution (1945–49)
2910:Japanese occupation (1942–45)
2905:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)
2681:Djiwandono, Soedjati (1996).
1730:, and Jayawijaya Monument in
1441:). However, the Dutch Navy's
1164:tactical transport aircraft.
939:Negara Indonesia Timur or NIT
403:2 motor torpedo boats damaged
2627:Redaksi Solopos.com (2013).
1803:Special Region of Yogyakarta
1512:Infiltration from Post Wahai
506:Proclamation of Independence
3296:Water supply and sanitation
2662:Asia in the Pacific Islands
2099:Soedjati Djiwandono, p. 131
1596:Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani
1463:Royal Netherlands Air Force
1289:Hospital (CBZ) becomes RSCM
309:Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani
3788:
2925:Guided Democracy (1959–65)
2890:Portuguese era (1512–1605)
2702:. New York: The New Press.
1160:heavy transports, and ten
1073:Bureau of European Affairs
943:United States of Indonesia
901:
3648:
3317:
3236:
3092:
3039:Provincial highest points
2960:
2756:(150): 1–2. February 2011
1992:(150): 1–2. February 2011
1881:(150): 1–2. February 2011
1520:Lt. Thomas Nussy, former
1007:to defend the territory.
795:Gelora Bung Karno Stadium
401:1 motor torpedo boat sunk
393:
331:
199:
140:
65:
51:
39:
3722:1962 in the Dutch Empire
3712:1961 in the Dutch Empire
3097:Administrative divisions
2524:Bachtiar, Basri (2017).
1467:Netherlands Marine Corps
428:This article is part of
2798:Singh, Bilveer (2001).
2707:Legge, John D. (2003).
1855:West New Guinea dispute
1732:Banggai Islands Regency
1393:Lockheed P2V-7B Neptune
941:and NIT dissolved into
904:West New Guinea dispute
828:: Picture, Sound, Video
692:Tahun Vivere Pericoloso
389:1,000 papuan volunteers
42:West New Guinea dispute
3772:Invasions by Indonesia
3717:1962 in Southeast Asia
3707:1961 in Southeast Asia
3271:Science and technology
3112:Regencies & Cities
2804:The Act of Free Choice
2713:Editions Didier Millet
2696:Kahin, George McTurnan
1680:Indonesian coup d'Ă©tat
1659:Kennedy administration
1529:
1524:and Chief of Staff of
1471:Royal Netherlands Army
1461:jet fighters from the
1454:Royal Netherlands Navy
1373:
1297:Moving the Indonesian
1126:which was renamed the
1124:Sverdlov-class cruiser
1118:-class submarines, 12
1005:Papuan Volunteer Corps
884:Netherlands New Guinea
454:President of Indonesia
200:Commanders and leaders
2880:Hinduism-Buddhism era
2607:indonesia-tourism.com
2424:Konfrontasi Revisited
2422:Soedjati Djiwandono,
1805:was previously named
1778:as well as statue of
1614:Operation Lumba-Lumba
1547:Douglas C-47 Skytrain
1519:
1397:Battle of Arafura Sea
1371:
1283:Electricity companies
983:) with Major-General
935:Linggadjati Agreement
908:When the rest of the
394:Casualties and losses
320:C.J. van Westenbrugge
60:Battle of Arafura Sea
3014:Environmental issues
2730:Muller, Kal (1996).
2672:: IPS Publications,
2462:Ron Crocombe, 286-91
2108:Wies Platje, 297–299
1782:as a paratrooper in
1768:South Sorong Regency
1694:) and have waged an
1469:companies and three
1447:signals intelligence
1427:Operation Jayawijaya
1382:paratroop operations
1277:Plantation companies
1174:Indonesian Air Force
997:Non-Aligned Movement
667:Sunda Straits Crisis
607:Non-aligned movement
235:Abdul Haris Nasution
224:Soerjadi Soerjadarma
2935:New Order (1966–98)
2895:VOC era (1603–1800)
2435:J.D. Legge, 403–404
1692:Free Papua Movement
1286:Petroleum companies
873:Indonesian military
685:Indonesia Menggugat
543:Three Souths Affair
3281:Telecommunications
2992:Biosphere reserves
2479:. 20 December 2019
2228:. 30 October 2013.
2214:. 21 January 2017.
1672:Act of Free Choice
1651:New York Agreement
1573:Operation Serigala
1530:
1374:
1301:auction market to
1196:Soviet involvement
1146:anti-ship missiles
1137:light bombers, 14
973:Tri Komando Rakyat
927:Western New Guinea
888:New York Agreement
880:overseas territory
612:Bandung Conference
115:Western New Guinea
111:Military stalemate
106:New York Agreement
94:Western New Guinea
3694:
3693:
3644:
3643:
3332:Human trafficking
3304:
3303:
3223:
3222:
3214:Wawasan Nusantara
3198:Political parties
3139:Foreign relations
3079:
3078:
2783:10.1080/714002840
2498:Prasetyo (2017).
2453:Ron Crocombe, 284
2444:Ron Crocombe, 285
2283:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
2040:10.1080/714002840
1953:Ron Crocombe, 282
1623:Operation Lumbung
1537:Operation Banteng
1433:) and Air Force (
1190:imperial Japanese
1114:fighter jets, 12
910:Dutch East Indies
865:Operation Trikora
862:
861:
590:De-Sukarnoization
445:
444:
410:
409:
136:
135:
35:Operation Trikora
16:(Redirected from
3779:
3737:Dutch New Guinea
3664:
3657:
3315:
3234:
3176:National capital
3090:
2958:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2794:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2745:
2726:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2374:. pp. 91–99
2369:
2360:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2130:
2121:
2118:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2023:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1931:. 27 April 2016.
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1902:25 tahun Trikora
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1850:Dutch New Guinea
1838:
1834:
1811:Jalan Pangurakan
1736:Central Sulawesi
1684:Freeport-McMoRan
1635:Operation Jatayu
1557:Operation Garuda
1326:General Strategy
1263:Ellsworth Bunker
1098:helicopters, 30
995:allies, and the
854:
847:
840:
822:
815:
767:Media and legacy
619:1962 Asian Games
553:Guided Democracy
461:Pre-Independence
441:
440:
438:
431:
423:
416:
415:
412:
379:
377:
376:
363:
361:
360:
352:7,000 paratroops
344:
342:
341:
326:
319:
318:
307:
306:
298:
288:
287:
279:Eddy Martadinata
277:
276:
266:
265:
255:
254:
244:
243:
233:
232:
222:
221:
211:
210:
192:Dutch New Guinea
190:
179:
177:
176:
165:
163:
162:
153:
151:
150:
84:
82:
78:
67:
66:
56:
46:Cold War in Asia
32:
21:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3640:
3631:Personification
3558:
3493:
3474:Public holidays
3459:National heroes
3351:
3300:
3219:
3075:
3044:Natural history
2947:
2885:Spread of Islam
2856:
2847:
2809:
2807:
2797:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2729:
2723:
2706:
2694:Kahin, Audrey;
2693:
2680:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2404:(in Indonesian)
2395:
2394:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2164:(in Indonesian)
2155:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2139:
2138:(in Indonesian)
2132:
2131:
2124:
2120:J.D. Legge, 403
2119:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2086:Bilveer Singh,
2085:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:J.D. Legge, 402
2062:
2055:
2025:
2024:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1819:Papua highlands
1784:Merauke Regency
1748:Morotai Regency
1716:Central Jakarta
1704:
1646:
1637:
1625:
1616:
1604:
1591:
1575:
1559:
1539:
1514:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1389:Indonesian Navy
1366:
1328:
1271:
1223:
1214:Sergey Gorshkov
1210:Howard P. Jones
1198:
1170:
1085:John F. Kennedy
1049:
1044:
1025:The Netherlands
1013:
906:
900:
867:was a combined
858:
816:
809:
808:
807:
785:Seclusion house
768:
764:
763:
762:
703:
699:
698:
697:
679:
675:
674:
673:
602:
598:
597:
596:
518:
517:Domestic policy
514:
513:
512:
462:
458:
436:
434:
433:
432:
429:
427:
402:
400:
388:
386:
385:10,000 soldiers
384:
374:
372:
368:
358:
356:
355:
353:
351:
350:13,000 soldiers
349:
339:
337:
327:W.A. van Heuven
321:
313:
301:
300:
294:
282:
281:
271:
270:
260:
259:
249:
248:
238:
237:
227:
226:
216:
215:
205:
174:
172:
160:
158:
157:
148:
146:
96:
80:
76:
74:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3785:
3783:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3616:Floral emblems
3613:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3599:Faunal emblems
3596:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:Stock Exchange
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2997:National parks
2994:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2980:Climate change
2972:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2795:
2777:(1): 285–312.
2766:
2746:
2740:
2727:
2721:
2704:
2691:
2678:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2619:
2594:
2568:
2542:
2516:
2490:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2415:
2385:
2320:
2295:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2217:
2199:
2190:
2175:
2148:
2122:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2074:
2065:
2053:
2034:(1): 285–312.
2003:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1934:
1929:IsGeschiedenis
1916:
1892:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1772:Fakfak Regency
1744:North Sulawesi
1728:South Sulawesi
1703:
1700:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1603:
1600:
1590:
1589:Operation Naga
1587:
1574:
1571:
1558:
1555:
1538:
1535:
1513:
1510:
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1445:(Marid 6 NNG)
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1247:United Kingdom
1222:
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1197:
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1182:landing strips
1169:
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1162:C-130 Hercules
1135:Ilyushin Il-28
1081:McGeorge Bundy
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:in West Papua.
1028:
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950:United Nations
902:Main article:
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369:3,000 soldiers
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119:United Nations
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3512:Ethnic groups
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3027:
3025:
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3017:
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3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Deforestation
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
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2741:0-945971-06-0
2737:
2733:
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2724:
2722:981-4068-64-0
2718:
2714:
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2705:
2701:
2697:
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2679:
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2663:
2659:
2658:Crocombe, Ron
2655:
2654:
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2608:
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2583:
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2576:Paul (2019).
2572:
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2129:
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2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1941:Muller, p. 58
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1904:
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1896:
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1876:
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1848:
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1843:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:Jalan Trikora
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:L.B. Moerdani
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
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1501:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:Hawker Hunter
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1415:Karel Doorman
1410:
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1402:
1398:
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1195:
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1187:
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1158:Antonov An-12
1155:
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1113:
1109:
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1101:
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1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:United States
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1020:
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919:
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911:
905:
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866:
855:
850:
848:
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827:
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814:
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803:
798:
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791:
788:
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776:
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771:
770:
757:
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734:
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609:
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604:
591:
588:
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586:
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573:
571:
568:
564:
561:
559:
558:5 July Decree
556:
555:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
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520:
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494:
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489:
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457:
456:
455:
449:
448:
439:
425:
422:
418:
417:
413:
405:
398:
397:
392:
387:1,400 marines
382:
371:
366:
354:4,500 marines
347:
336:
335:
330:
325:
317:
312:
310:
305:
299:
297:
291:
286:
280:
275:
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236:
231:
225:
220:
214:
209:
204:
203:
198:
193:
189:
185:
184:
183:
182:
170:
168:
156:
145:
144:
139:
130:
127:Start of the
126:
124:
120:
117:ceded to the
116:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
88:
87:
72:
69:
68:
64:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3529:Homelessness
3499:Demographics
3439:Martial arts
3384:
3365:Architecture
3342:Prostitution
3212:
3180:
3144:Human rights
3129:Constitution
2987:Conservation
2943:(since 1998)
2940:
2808:. Retrieved
2803:
2774:
2770:
2760:19 September
2758:. Retrieved
2753:
2731:
2708:
2699:
2682:
2661:
2651:Bibliography
2636:. Retrieved
2632:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2581:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2554:
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2529:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2401:
2376:. Retrieved
2371:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2220:
2212:www.rbth.com
2211:
2202:
2193:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2161:
2151:
2140:, retrieved
2134:
2104:
2095:
2087:
2068:
2031:
2027:
1996:19 September
1994:. Retrieved
1989:
1958:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1901:
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1878:
1869:
1832:
1815:Trikora Peak
1810:
1806:
1792:
1752:North Maluku
1720:East Jakarta
1705:
1688:
1664:
1647:
1638:
1626:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1551:
1543:
1540:
1531:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1451:
1420:
1414:
1405:
1386:
1375:
1359:
1344:
1341:
1329:
1314:Prohibiting
1307:West Germany
1292:
1272:
1251:West-Germany
1224:
1203:
1199:
1171:
1129:
1089:
1077:Robert Komer
1066:
1050:
1014:
989:
980:
972:
970:
966:
962:Eastern Bloc
958:Soviet Union
947:
907:
864:
863:
825:
817:
801:
778:
691:
684:
660:
651:
645:
486:
451:
450:
365:Soviet Union
295:
171:
167:Soviet Union
141:Belligerents
104:
29:
3609:Subdivision
3592:Subdivision
3554:LGBT rights
3489:Video games
3241:Agriculture
3159:Enforcement
3009:Earthquakes
2875:Prehistoric
2685:. Jakarta:
2633:Solopos.com
2530:detikTravel
1885:27 February
1413:HNLMS
1401:Yos Sudarso
1239:New Zealand
1143:AS-1 Kennel
1120:Komar-class
1042:Preparation
1030:To fly the
993:Warsaw Pact
661:Konfrontasi
381:Netherlands
290:Yos Sudarso
181:Netherlands
3701:Categories
3587:Historical
3522:Healthcare
3469:Properties
3434:Literature
3386:Rumah adat
3246:Automotive
3154:Censorship
3102:Historical
2638:12 October
2612:12 October
2587:12 October
2561:12 October
2535:12 October
2509:12 October
2483:12 October
2378:3 November
2162:KOMPAS.com
1909:1 November
1861:References
1799:Yogyakarta
1776:West Papua
1764:Teminabuan
1696:insurgency
1409:KS-1 Komet
1206:Soebandrio
1017:Yogyakarta
977:West Irian
914:New Guinea
898:Background
802:Bung Karno
736:Rachmawati
641:West Irian
580:Supersemar
548:Marhaenism
268:Omar Dhani
246:Ahmad Yani
81:1962-08-15
77:1961-12-19
3626:Nusantara
3534:Languages
3507:Education
3454:Mythology
3424:Festivals
3291:Transport
3203:President
3182:Pancasila
3134:Elections
3117:Districts
3107:Provinces
3071:Volcanoes
3034:Mountains
2953:Geography
2941:Reformasi
2850:Indonesia
2791:153528325
2504:Duasudara
2426:, p. 135.
2372:Kemdikbud
2288:5 January
2142:26 August
2048:153528325
1795:Alun-alun
1644:Aftermath
1378:Subandrio
1350:populace.
1235:Australia
1221:Diplomacy
1178:Air bases
1128:KRI
1094:and nine
1001:Manokwari
800:KRI
741:Sukmawati
722:Children
711:Fatmawati
488:Pancasila
346:Indonesia
155:Indonesia
123:Indonesia
3671:Category
3544:Refugees
3539:Religion
3464:Painting
3375:Colonial
3322:Abortion
3251:Aviation
3166:Military
3085:Politics
2870:Timeline
2854:articles
2698:(1995).
2660:(2007).
2582:Kumparan
2555:Siwalima
2408:16 April
2402:Intisari
1844:See also
1724:Makassar
1549:planes.
1243:Thailand
1231:Pakistan
1168:Airbases
1059:went to
1057:Nasution
1047:Military
1023:Prevent
960:and the
779:Soekarno
731:Megawati
707:Spouses
678:Speeches
634:building
533:Permesta
472:Partindo
399:214 dead
332:Strength
257:Soeharto
121:then to
89:Location
79: –
40:Part of
3752:Sukarno
3681:Gallery
3655:Outline
3577:Costume
3564:Symbols
3484:Theatre
3429:Legends
3414:Cuisine
3409:Costume
3380:Mosques
3357:Culture
3347:Smoking
3310:Society
3286:Tourism
3266:History
3229:Economy
3170:Babinsa
3124:Cabinet
3061:Regions
3024:Islands
3019:Geology
2975:Climate
2965:Borders
2862:History
2806:: 73–93
2477:Paulipu
2168:19 June
1837:speech.
1708:Jakarta
1629:Merauke
1360:
1342:
1299:tobacco
1269:Economy
1259:U Thant
1116:Whiskey
1110:and 20
1011:Trikora
985:Suharto
954:Sukarno
916:during
826:Gallery
726:Rukmini
646:Trikora
563:Nasakom
437:Sukarno
296:†
213:Sukarno
75: (
18:Trikora
3676:Portal
3582:Emblem
3572:Anthem
3517:Health
3404:Cinema
3337:Piracy
3261:Energy
3193:Police
3066:Rivers
2970:Cities
2852:
2810:26 May
2789:
2738:
2719:
2557:. 2020
2313:23 May
2279:(DOCX)
2187:. TNI.
2090:, p.86
2046:
1760:Maluku
1754:, and
1740:Bitung
1702:Legacy
1439:KODAMs
1435:PASGAT
1303:Bremen
1261:asked
1255:France
1253:, and
1186:Maluku
1112:MiG-21
1108:MiG-19
1106:, ten
1104:MiG-17
1100:MiG-15
1061:Moscow
869:Soviet
702:Family
652:Pepera
629:GANEFO
624:CONEFO
538:DI/TII
406:9 dead
378:
362:
343:
292:
178:
164:
152:
101:Result
3686:Atlas
3662:Index
3636:Songs
3621:Motto
3549:Women
3479:Sport
3449:Music
3444:Media
3419:Dance
3399:Batik
3370:Candi
3327:Crime
3256:Banks
3054:Flora
3049:Fauna
3029:Lakes
2787:S2CID
2368:(PDF)
2044:S2CID
1825:Notes
1788:Papua
1756:Ambon
1526:APRMS
1431:RPKAD
1227:India
1150:IL-14
1139:Tu-16
1130:Irian
1102:, 49
877:Dutch
773:Grave
746:Guruh
570:Monas
528:Ambon
482:BPUPK
3604:Flag
3207:List
2812:2014
2762:2013
2736:ISBN
2717:ISBN
2670:Fiji
2666:Suva
2640:2021
2614:2021
2589:2021
2563:2021
2537:2021
2511:2021
2485:2021
2410:2022
2380:2021
2315:2016
2290:2024
2170:2022
2144:2023
1998:2013
1911:2021
1887:2023
1770:and
1423:Biak
1180:and
1154:Avia
1152:and
1096:Mi-6
1092:Mi-4
1079:and
1067:The
1053:NATO
756:Puan
716:Dewi
585:Fall
575:G30S
523:APRA
496:PPKI
477:PETA
452:1st
70:Date
44:and
3394:Art
3149:Law
2779:doi
2036:doi
1817:in
1797:in
1714:in
1522:KST
1316:KLM
882:of
467:PNI
3703::
2802:.
2785:.
2775:16
2773:.
2752:.
2715:.
2668:,
2664:.
2631:.
2605:.
2580:.
2553:.
2528:.
2502:.
2475:.
2400:.
2388:^
2370:.
2323:^
2306:.
2281:.
2210:.
2160:.
2125:^
2113:^
2077:^
2056:^
2042:.
2032:16
2030:.
2006:^
1988:.
1967:^
1946:^
1927:.
1877:.
1821:.
1801:,
1790:.
1786:,
1774:,
1766:,
1758:,
1750:,
1746:,
1742:,
1734:,
1726:,
1418:.
1305:,
1249:,
1245:,
1241:,
1237:,
1233:,
1229:,
894:.
3209:)
3205:(
3172:)
3168:(
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2814:.
2793:.
2781::
2764:.
2744:.
2725:.
2689:.
2676:.
2642:.
2616:.
2591:.
2565:.
2539:.
2513:.
2487:.
2412:.
2382:.
2317:.
2292:.
2172:.
2050:.
2038::
2000:.
1913:.
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1710:(
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383::
367::
348::
83:)
20:)
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