Truck driver - Knowledge (XXG)

616:

perfectly acceptable as the working week is not required to be aligned with the ‘fixed’ week defined in the rules, provided compliance of all relevant limits. Alternatively, drivers can take a reduced weekly rest period of (a minimum of) 24 consecutive hours. If a reduction is taken, it must be compensated for by an equivalent period of rest taken in one block before the end of the third week following the week in question. The compensating rest must be attached to a period of rest of at least 9 hours – effectively either a weekly or daily rest period. For example, if a driver reduces a weekly rest period to 33 hours in week 1, they must compensate by attaching a 12-hour period of rest to another rest period of at least 9 hours before the end of week 4. This compensation cannot be taken in several smaller periods. A weekly rest period that falls in two weeks may be counted in either week but not in both. However, a rest period of at least 69 hours in total may be counted as two back-to-back weekly rests (e.g. a 45-hour weekly rest followed by 24 hours), provided the driver does not exceed 144 hours’ work either before or after the rest period in question. Where reduced weekly rest periods are taken away from base, these may be taken in a vehicle provided it has suitable sleeping facilities and is stationary.

2084:

well-being of its employees, the successful accomplishment of agency missions, and the need to maintain employee productivity; The Federal government, as the largest employer in the Nation, can and should show the way towards achieving drug-free workplaces through a program designed to offer drug users a helping hand and, at the same time, demonstrating to drug users and potential drug users that drugs will not be tolerated in the Federal workplace; The profits from illegal drugs provide the single greatest source of income for organized crime, fuel violent street crime, and otherwise contribute to the breakdown of our society; ... By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America ... deeming such action in the best interests of national security, public health and safety, law enforcement and the efficiency of the Federal service, and in order to establish standards and procedures to ensure fairness in achieving a drug-free Federal workplace and to protect the privacy of Federal employees, it is hereby ordered. ...

584:. Within each 24-hour period after the end of the previous daily or weekly rest period, drivers must take a new daily rest period. An 11-hour (or more) daily rest is called a regular daily rest period. Alternatively, drivers can split a regular daily rest period into two periods. The first period must be at least 3 hours of uninterrupted rest and can be taken at any time during the day. The second must be at least 9 hours of uninterrupted rest for a total minimum rest of 12 hours. Drivers may reduce daily rest periods to no fewer than 9 continuous hours, but this can be done no more than three times between any two weekly rest periods; no compensation for the reduction is required. Daily rests between 9 and 11 hours long are referred to as reduced daily rest periods. Daily rests may be taken in a vehicle as long as it has suitable sleeping facilities and is stationary. 1333:

driver error. In cases where two vehicles, a car and a truck, were involved, 46 percent of the cases involved the truck's driver and 56 percent involved the car's driver. While the truck and car in two vehicle accidents share essentially half the burden of the accidents (not 70 percent as stated above), the top six driver factors are essentially also the same and in approximately equivalent percentages: Prescription drug use, over the counter drug use, unfamiliarity with the road, speeding, making illegal maneuvers, inadequate surveillance. This suggests that the truck driver makes the same errors as the car driver and vice versa. This is not true of the vehicle caused crashes (about 30 percent of crashes) where the top failure for trucks is caused by the brakes (29 percent of the time compared to 2% of the time for the car).

345: 2014:

Fresh produce and whole grain items are few and far between. Though 85% of mini-mart items are categorized as extremely unhealthy, 80% of these meals are considered a truck driver's main meal of the day. Also, most of the foods carried by drivers in their trucks, whether or not stored in a refrigerator, are purchased from truck stops. Research suggests that drivers value quality and taste much more than nutrition when selecting food. Another issue is the pattern of extensive and irregular snacking while on the road and consumption of one large meal at the end of day. The daily meal is often high in calories and may be the highlight of the trucker's day. Food intake varies during working hours compared to days off and truckers eat meals at the wrong circadian phase during the day.

2887: 804:(BLS) reported the average heavy and over-the-road truck driver hourly wage to be $ 21.74 per hour. The BLS reported in 2012 that the median hourly wage was $ 18.37 per hour. In May 2013, the BLS reported a mean average hourly pay ranging from $ 12.21 (bottom 10%) to $ 28.66 per hour (top 10%). In March 2014, Payscale.com published that the entry-level truck driver ranged from $ 11.82 to $ 20.22 an hour and the average hourly rate was reported as $ 15.53 an hour. Certain special industry driving jobs such as oilfield services like vacuum, dry bulk, and winch truck drivers can receive a $ 22.00 or higher hourly wage. A December 2020 survey found the average truck driver in the United States works 70–80 hours per week and earns between $ .28 cents to $ .40 per mile. 296: 593:

for vehicles to depart from operating center and collect a second driver along the way, provided this is done within an hour of the first driver starting work. Vehicles manned by two or more drivers are governed by the same rules as single-manned vehicles apart from daily rest requirements. When vehicles are manned by two or more drivers, each driver must have a daily rest period of at least 9 consecutive hours within the 30-hour period starting at the end of the last daily or weekly rest period. Organizing drivers’ duties in such a fashion enables a crew's duties to be spread over 21 hours. The maximum driving time for a two-man crew taking advantage of this concession is 20 hours before a daily rest is required (although only if

1876:, etc., which may increase the risk of cancer and can aggravate certain lung diseases, such as asthma in the general public who inhabit these cities. However, the few drivers who are hired to drive only within urban areas do not have this advantage of spending more time away from toxic emissions that is enjoyed by over-the-road drivers. Other conditions affecting the health of truck drivers are for example vibration, noise, long periods of sitting, work stress and exhaustion. For drivers in developing countries there are additional risks because roads are in appalling conditions and accidents occur more frequently. Truck drivers are a high-risk group for HIV-infection in those countries. 2030:

drivers. Long haul drivers have tight schedules, so they tend to drive longer and get less sleep. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) does have Hours of Service (HOS) regulations. Under the old rule, drivers could work up to 82 hours in 7 days. These regulations were modified in 2011; but the new rule only permits drivers to work up to 70 hours in 7 days. There is now an 11-hour-per-day limit with 10 hours off required after the weekly shift. Fines for companies which allow work beyond 11 hours are up to $ 11,000 and for drivers up to $ 2,750. Though these fines exist, there is minimal enforcement of the law.

2034:

like most countries). Moreover, truckers have difficulties making an appointment on the road and often do not know where to stop for assistance. Many self-diagnose or ignore their health issue altogether. Some are able to be seen at doctor's offices or private clinics while a large percentage depend on emergency rooms and urgent care visits. The Department of Transportation has Convenient Care Clinics across the U.S., but those are hard to find and are few and far between. Health care costs are substantially higher for overweight and obese individuals, so obesity in the truck driver population puts a greater financial demand on the industry.

522: 1892:

quality), long work hours, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and general stress. Research has shown that while some truck drivers may get a sufficient amount of sleep, many suffer from undiagnosed sleep disorders that impact the quality of their sleep. One study found that within a sample of surveyed truck drivers, 68.1% reported waking up during the night, 64.2% reported waking up feeling unrefreshed, and 51.6% reported waking up too early and not being able to go back to sleep. These sleep experiences have been linked to cognitive deficits, fatigue, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

2131:-regulated industries specified in the order, though considerations had to be made concerning the effects of an excessively rapid implementation of the measure. Making sudden great changes in the infrastructures of huge economies and the industries crucial to them always entails risks, the greater the change, the larger the degree. Because of the U.S. economy's strong dependence on the movement of merchandise to and from large metropolitan population centers separated by such great distances, a shortage of truck drivers could have far-reaching effects on the economy. 1899:

limited to the number of hours they can drive during any consecutive 7-day or 8-day period, depending on their employer's operations. There are also reset rules, break requirements, and sleeper berth and short-haul exceptions. Truck drivers are required to keep a HOS-compliant log. Failure to produce a driver's log upon request by an enforcement official or non-compliance with HOA regulations, results in a driving penalty or fine. Better electronic methods for maintaining and managing drivers' logs are needed to help reduce truck driver stress.

1286:

or 7 days. This is the average for OTR (Over The Road) Line Haul and Regional drivers. Vocational and Local drivers are usually home every night or every other night. Most tractors are equipped with sleeper berths that range from 36" to as large as 86" in length. While there are larger sleepers that get up to 144" in length, these are not seen in the mainline segment of trucking. Those are usually seen in the specialized and household moving segments, where the load is either permitted for overweight or oversize or is very light yet bulky.

2275: 1997: 740:, a mechanical odometer mounted to an axle), pay the driver for every mile. Calculations are generally limited to no more than 3–5% above the estimates of mileage by the carrier before red flags appear, depending on the carrier's financial compensation or how it rates the mileage estimation capabilities of the software used. One version of hub miles includes only those per carrier designated route, i.e., a set number of miles. "Out of route" miles of any incentive are provided by the driver to the carrier for free. 1349:

securing and strapping down their cargo (which often involves climbing onto the cargo itself), and if the load requires tarping necessitates climbing on the load to spread out tarps. Tarps can weigh up to 200 lbs each and the cargo can require up to 3 tarps per load which account for a number of deaths and injuries from falling. Drivers spend long hours behind the wheel, which can cause strain on the back muscles. Some drivers are responsible for unloading their cargo, which can lead to many back

1519:

or more. It is widely known that trucking companies often abuse this power by willfully and maliciously reporting false information on truckers’ DAC reports, either in retaliation for seeking better paying trucking jobs elsewhere or for any number of other fraudulent, anti-competitive reasons. As long as truck drivers can be threatened with a false DAC report for standing up to management or leaving their company for a better job elsewhere, working conditions at truck driver jobs will not improve.

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Currently, within the long-haul sector, there is an estimated shortage of 20,000 drivers. That shortage is expected to increase to 63,000 by 2018. Trucking (especially the long-haul sector) is also facing an image crisis due to the long working hours, long periods of time away from home, the dangerous nature of the work, the relatively low pay (compared to hours worked), and a "driver last" mentality that is common throughout the industry.

2632: 725: 533:, drivers of trucks and truck/trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes (11.8 long tons; 13.2 short tons) must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours, and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties). In any 7-day period, drivers must spend 24 hours away from their vehicles. Truck drivers must complete a logbook documenting hours and kilometres spent driving. 1510:

the driver's reason for leaving that company, whether the driver is eligible for rehire, and comments about the driver's work record (e.g. good, satisfactory, too many late deliveries, etc.). It will also indicate whether the company stored drug and alcohol testing information with USIS. A separate section of the DAC report contains incident/accident information as well as CSA 2010 Pre-Employment Screening Program (PSP) Reports.

2818: 1375: 625:

tachograph record sheets (if using an analogue tachograph) or on a printout or temporary sheet (if using a digital tachograph) at the latest on reaching the suitable stopping place (see relevant sections covering manual entries). Repeated and regular occurrences, however, might indicate to enforcement officers that employers were not in fact scheduling work to enable compliance with the applicable rules.

1984:

drivers be tested for the disorder using neck circumference and Body Mass Index (BMI). For a male anything above 17" and for a female 15" was the minimum criteria with drivers above that having to be tested. Health care professionals had to be registered with the FMCSA after 21 May 2012, to give certifications, and carriers started to require checking. The agency backed away from required testing.

1856: 1021: 1262:. His major opus was critically well received. Low pay, bad working conditions and unsafe conditions have been a direct result of deregulation. " argues that trucking embodies the dark side of the new economy." "Conditions are so poor and the pay system so unfair that long-haul companies compete with the fast-food industry for workers. Most long-haul carriers experience 100% annual driver 2848:

distinction is necessary. The truck blocks the view of drivers behind it, hence a distinction must be made between "Thanks for letting me pass" and "Danger in front, I may brake hard!" Turning on the left-turn signal (in a right-hand traffic country) when a vehicle behind attempts to overtake means "Back off; lane not clear", and turning on the right-turn signal means "Go ahead; lane clear".

67: 1594:

that along with the ELD rule is a mandate to carry a paper log book and verify that the ELD manual and instruction sheet is in the truck. A driver must be able to email or fax the data if directed by a DOT officer. If an ELD malfunctions a driver must create a paper log to comply with the seven or eight day requirements, as well as recording the vehicle inspection.

2161:(NTSB) asked the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to draft a proposed plan to address the use of synthetic drugs among truckers. The NTSB also issued a call to pro-trucking bodies to educate their members about the dangers associated with truckers’ use of synthetic drugs, and to come up with a way to prevent their use while behind the wheel. 2839:

caution. Since truck-driver language has no signal for "Do not move in front of me", nor has any understood length of time for turning headlights or high beams on or off, flashing the high-beams to say "Do not move in front of me" may be misinterpreted to mean that the truck is clear to proceed with the lane change in front of the vehicle giving the signal.

2138:, for example, the chain reaction of reduction in sales due to consumers' prioritizing and reducing purchases of luxury items, with companies responding by reducing production and increasing unemployment, exacerbating the cycle of reduction or elimination of production, sales, and employment, had the ultimate result of plunging the nation's economy into the 748:

The short routing, however, would measure the distance as only 750 miles, as if the truck could drive across the Gulf of Mexico. Another extreme example would be a load that picked up in Buffalo, New York, and delivered in Green Bay, Wisconsin, not giving any consideration that three of America's Great Lakes lie between that load's origin and destination.

166: 576:, drivers' working hours are regulated by EU (EC) No 561/2006, which entered into force on 11 April 2007. The nonstop driving time may not exceed 4.5 hours. After 4.5 hours of driving, drivers must take a break period of at least 45 minutes, which can be split into 2 breaks, the first being at least 15 minutes and the second being at least 30 minutes. 2018: 461:"tankies") haul liquids, such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, milk, and crude oil, and dry bulk materials, such as plastics, sugar, flour, and cement in tanks. Liquid tanker drivers need special driving skills due to the load balance changing from the liquid movement. This is especially true for food grade tankers, which do not contain any 1903:

present. Another FMCSA study published in 2011 reported that large truck crashes were increasingly associated with driving times greater than 7 hours, which is when fatigue begins to affect performance. The FMCSA also reported that in 2016 truck driver fatigue was a larger contributing factor than alcohol and drugs in fatal truck crashes.

2026:

and a lack of a place to exercise. Though some fitness resources are available for truckers, most are scarce. Available areas are truck stops, highway rest areas, trucking terminals, warehouses, and the truck cab. However, there are many parking restrictions and safety concerns in trying to incorporate exercise into the daily routine.

676:(FMCSA). Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers are limited to 11 cumulative hours driving in a 14-hour period, following a rest period of no fewer than 10 consecutive hours. Drivers employed by carriers in "daily operation" may not work more than 70 hours, and continue driving, within any period of 8 consecutive days. 1562:(BASICs). The categories are: 1)- Unsafe Driving, 2)- Hours of Service (HOS) Compliance, 3)- Driver Fitness, 4)- Controlled Substances and Alcohol, 5)- Vehicle Maintenance, 6)- Hazardous Materials (HM) Compliance, and 7)- Crash Indicator. The HM and crash indicators are not currently publicly available. 788:

an owner-operator who receives 95% of the load revenue may only be provided with dispatch services while an owner-operator who receives 65% of the load revenue may have a company-provided trailer, insurance, or other benefits. In most cases, the owner-operator also receives 100% of the fuel surcharges.

2025:

Lack of exercise is another contributing factor to the obesity epidemic in the truck driver population. Almost 90% of truck drivers exercise only sometimes or never and only 8% exercise regularly. This is largely determined by long work hours and tight deadlines, the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle

2009:

According to a 2007, study in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 86% of the estimated 3.2 million truck drivers in the United States are overweight or obese. A survey conducted in 2010 showed that 69% of American truck drivers met their criteria for obesity, twice the percentage of the

1864:

inhalation of toxic emissions, and on the majority of the trip, while they are passing through vast rural areas where there is little air pollution, truck drivers in general enjoy less exposure to toxic emissions in the air than the inhabitants of large cities, where there is an increased exposure to

1332:

In 2009 there were 3380 fatalities involving large trucks, of which 2470 were attributed to combination unit trucks (defined as any number of trailers behind a tractor). In a November 2005 FMCSA report to Congress, the data for 33 months of large truck crashes was analyzed. 87 percent of crashes were

1285:

Due to the nature of the job, most drivers stay out longer than 4 weeks at a time. A few for months on end and even longer. For the average large company driver in the United States 6 weeks is the average, with each week out garnering the driver one day off. This usually accrues to a set maximum of 6

747:

Short miles are on average about 10% less than actual miles, but in some cases the difference can be as large as 50%. An extreme (but not unheard of) example would be a load that picked up in Brownsville, Texas, and delivered in Miami, Florida, a journey requiring a driver to travel over 1,600 miles.

743:

Many of the largest long haul trucking companies in the United States pay their drivers according to short miles. Short miles are the absolute shortest distance between two or more zip codes, literally a straight line drawn across the map. These short miles rarely reflect the actual miles required to

550:

and one for below. Below latitude 60 degrees, drivers are limited to 14 hours on duty in any 24-hour period. These 14 hours include a maximum of 13 hours driving time. Rest periods are 8 consecutive hours in a 24-hour period, as well as an additional 2-hour period of rest that must be taken in blocks

365:

move boats ranging in size from 10-foot-long (3.0 m) bass boats to full-size yachts up to 60 ft long (18 m) using specialized low boy trailers that can be set up for each size of boat. Boats wider than 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) or 13 feet 6 inches (4.11 m)

2083:

I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, find that: Drug use is having serious adverse effects upon a significant proportion of the national work force and results in billions of dollars of lost productivity each year; The Federal government, as an employer, is concerned with the

1653:

initiated a temporary visa program to allow 5,000 foreign HGV truck drivers to work within the United Kingdom until Christmas. Specifically for the fuel shortages, the U.K. government also readied 150 Army tank drivers to undergo specialised training (for 5 days) and be on standby, in preparation of

1518:

The DAC report is as critical to the livelihood of a professional truck driver as the credit report is to a consumer. When a trucking company reports negative information about a truck driver, it can ruin the driver's career by preventing him or her from finding a truck driving job for several years

1448:

In 2012, the FHWA re-evaluated the demand for truck parking and the availability of such facilities using volume and congestion data. This assessment was detailed in the Commercial Motor Vehicle Parking Shortage report, which was submitted to Congress in June of that year. The report utilized FHWA’s

2859:

Flashing headlights to the vehicle in front (intended for the other driver to see in their mirror) has two meanings. Long flashes are used to signal a truck driver that they are clear to return to the lane. A series of rapid flashes generally means "You're doing something stupid or dangerous" as in

2042:

A study of 1,600 truck drivers from 2014 found that truckers in the US smoke at twice the rate of other working adults in the United States; 51% of truckers reported that they smoked in a 2010 survey. 61% of truckers in the same survey reported having two or more risk factors, which were defined as

1730:

Customers have enormous purchasing leverage they have nailed down the haulage companies to the tiniest margins. Lots of drivers leave in their 30s because the hours make it almost impossible to participate in bringing up children, yet the wage isn’t high enough to support the other partner staying

1711:

Despite the strenuous hours and the required self-funded driver qualifications (approximately £1,500), incomes of truck drivers have been slipping down the wage ladder. In 2010, the median HGV driver in the UK earned 51 per cent more per hour than the median supermarket cashier, in 2020 the premium

1632:

The findings of the survey showed that, in the opinion of the drivers, the three main contributing factors to the driver shortage are 1) Poor wages, 2) Poor driver facilities and 3) The way drivers are treated. Over a third of all drivers who participated in the survey felt that they were not being

1509:

and USIS Commercial Services Inc. (formerly called DAC Services, or "Drive-A-Check"). Among other things, a truck driver's DAC Report contains the driver's identification (name, DOB, SSN), the name and address of the contributing trucking company, the driver's dates of employment with that company,

1348:

ramp. Sometimes these are in secluded areas or dangerous neighborhoods, which account for a number of deaths due to drivers being targeted by thieves for their valuable cargo, money, and property, or for the truck and trailer themselves. Drivers of trucks towing flatbed trailers are responsible for

1298:

number of fatalities than any other occupation, accounting for 12% of all work-related deaths. By 2009, truck drivers accounted for 16.8% of transportation-related deaths. In 2016 alone, 475,000 crashes involving large trucks were reported to the police: 0.8% were fatal and 22% resulted in injury.

1192:

has a gross vehicle weight limit of 164,000 pounds (74,000 kg), which is twice the U.S. federal limit. While it is contended that this is why Michigan has the worst roads in the country (along with lack of funding—Michigan ranks lowest among the 50 states), a measure to change the law was just

1090:

Specifically, the five-axle tractor-semitrailer combination most commonly associated with the word "truck" requires a Class A CDL to drive. Beyond that, the driver's employer (or shipping customers, in the case of an independent owner-operator) generally specifies what endorsements their operations

787:

Percentage-based pay is a common pay structure for owner-operators signed on to haul freight for specific companies. In this type of pay structure, owner-operators are paid a percentage of the gross load revenue. This percentage varies depending on the services provided by the company. For example,

606:

When drivers accompany vehicles transported by ferry or train, daily rest requirements are more flexible. A regular daily rest period may be interrupted no more than twice, but the total interruption must not exceed 1 hour in total. This allows for a vehicle to be driven on to a ferry and off again

597:

drivers are entitled to drive 10 hours). Under multi-manning, the ‘second’ driver in a crew may not necessarily be the same driver from the duration of the first driver's shift but could be any number of drivers as long as the conditions are met. Whether second drivers could claim the multi-manning

2871:

In Europe, the general rule for truckers in a right hand driving country is to raise the left hand and to simply open the hand with all fingers extended without waving it at all with the palm facing forward, known as 'the flat hand'. Or a shorter version is to simply extend the fingers while still

1902:

The FMCSA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conducted an extensive study from April 2001 to December 2003 investigating the causes of large truck crashes. Researchers reported that in thirteen percent of the crashes resulting in fatalities or injuries, truck driver fatigue was

1593:

The hours of service rules has been changed several times since 2010 and is a concern to carriers and drivers. With the new electronic logging device (ELD) rules that became mandatory on 18 December 2017, for carriers subjected to the RODS rules, more issues have resulted. Drivers need to be aware

1589:

report, associated with the scoring when non-preventable accidents are included, the public posting of the scoring, and a lack of state mandatory procedures ensuring that a citation that was not prosecuted, or that ended favorably for the driver or carrier, was retracted from the national database

1231:

Employee turnover within the long-haul trucking industry is notorious for being extremely high. In the 4th quarter of 2005, turnover within the largest carriers in the industry reached a record 136%, meaning a carrier that employed 100 drivers would lose an average of 136 drivers each year. At the

997:

A person must be at least 18 years of age to obtain a CDL. Drivers under 21 are limited to operating within their state of licensing (intrastate operation). Many major trucking companies require driver applicants to be at least 23 years of age with a year of experience, while others hire and train

624:

Provided that road safety is not jeopardized, and to enable a driver to reach a suitable stopping place, a departure from the EU rules may be permitted to the extent necessary to ensure the safety of persons, the vehicle, or its load. Drivers must note all reasons for doing so on the back of their

592:

Multi-manning refers to (at least) two drivers driving the same vehicle during each period between two consecutive daily rests or between a daily rest and a weekly rest period. Another driver is optional for the first hour of multi-manning but mandatory for the remainder of the period. This allows

2838:

Continual flashing of headlights or high beams after emerging from around a corner beside a high wall or from any roadway out of sight to oncoming traffic will alert a truck driver in the oncoming lanes to an accident or other obstruction ahead and will warn him to reduce speed or to proceed with

2834:

on or off once or twice to indicate that a passing truck has cleared the passed vehicle and may safely change lanes in front of the signaling vehicle. The passing driver may then flash the trailer or marker lights to indicate thanks. This signal is also sometimes used by other motorists to signal

2153:

In the years and decades following Executive Order 12564, efforts to begin random drug testing and pre-employment drug screening of truck drivers were not expedited, leaving the change to occur gradually, out of concern for the dangers of excessively rapid change in economic infrastructure. Since

2033:

Obesity prevalence is affected by access to care for truckers. Company drivers often have issues with insurance, such as necessary pre-approval if out of network. Most owner-operator drivers do not have any kind of medical insurance (that is, in the US where medical treatment isn't free of charge

2029:

Studies have found the risk of obesity increases in high demand, low control jobs, and more so in jobs with long work hours; the truck driving industry falls under these categories. Also, daytime sleepiness and night disturbances are associated with obesity, and are, therefore, common among truck

1916:

have a sevenfold increased risk of being involved in a motor vehicle crash. It is estimated that 2.4-3.9 million licensed commercial drivers in the US have obstructive sleep apnea out of the estimated 18 million total Americans. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration says that as many 28

1898:

A contributing factor to truck driver fatigue is the stress associated with managing compliance to FMCSA's hours of service (HOS) regulations. Truckers are allowed to drive a maximum of 11 hours during a continuous 14-hour period, and must be off duty for at least 10 hours. In addition, they are

1454:

As urban areas continue to sprawl, land for development of private truck stops nearby becomes prohibitively expensive and there seems to be an understandable reluctance on the part of the citizenry to live near a facility where a large number of trucks may be idling their engines all night, every

1210:

In the United States, there is a lot of unpaid time, usually at a shipper or receiver where the truck is idle awaiting loading or unloading. Prior to the 2010 HOS changes it was common for 4–8 hours to elapse during this evolution. CSA addressed this and incorporated legal methods for drivers and

1078:

Other endorsements are possible, e.g., M endorsement to transport metal coils weighing more than 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg), but are tested and issued by individual states and are not consistent throughout all states (as of this writing, the M endorsement is unique to New York). The laws of the

846:

A person must have a C class (car) license for one year before they can apply for an LR or MR class license and two years before they can apply for an HR. To upgrade to an HC class license, a person must have an MR or HR class license for one year. To upgrade to an MC class license, a person must

2847:

As a rule, "thanks" is signaled to the vehicle behind by switching between the left- and right-turn signal several times, whereas turning on the hazard-warning lights (both turn signals) means "Slow down; danger ahead". As cars would normally use the hazard-warning lights for "thanks", in trucks

2013:

Eighty percent of truckers have unhealthful eating patterns as a result of poor food choices and food availability at truck stops is partially to blame. The options at truck stops are generally high calorie and high fat foods available through restaurants, fast-food, diners and vending machines.

1328:

provides the key driver OOS categories for the year 2009 nationally: 17.6% are log entry violations, 12.6% are speeding violations, 12.5% drivers record of duty not current, and 6.5% requiring driver to drive more than 14 hours on duty. This has led to some insurance companies wanting to monitor

1148:

State weight and length limits (which may be lesser or greater than federal limits) affect the only operation of the NN. There is no federal height limit, and states may set their own limits which range from 13 feet 6 inches to 14 feet. As a result, the height of most tractor/trailers range

1144:

Interstate commercial truck traffic is generally limited to a network of interstate freeways and state highways known as the National Network (NN). The National Network consists of (1) the Interstate Highway System and (2) highways, formerly classified as Primary System routes, capable of safely

755:

Some trucking companies have tried to alleviate these discrepancies by paying their drivers according to "practical miles." This occurs when dispatchers provide a route to follow and pay the driver accordingly based on the route. This is done to compensate drivers for the actual work done. These

751:

Other obvious obstacles would be mountains and canyons. Truck-prohibited routes sometimes create this same phenomenon, requiring drivers to drive several truck-legal routes and approach a destination from behind (essentially driving a fish hook-shaped route), because the most direct route cannot

554:

The concept of "Cycles" refers to the total amount of time drivers can be on duty in a given period before they must take time off. Cycle 1 is 70 hours in a 7-day period and cycle 2 is 120 hours in a 14-day period. Drivers using cycle 1 must take off 36 hours at the end of the cycle before being

1911:

Truck drivers are also sensitive to sleep disorders because of the long hours required at the wheel and, in many cases, the lack of adequate rest. Driver fatigue is a contributing factor in 12% of all crashes and 10% of all near crashes. Traffic fatalities are high and many of them are due to

1668:, said that while readying the army was a "good example" of ministers trying to use as many levers at their disposal as possible and would be used as a "last resort", Merriman lamented that told the long-standing driver shortages should be fixed by industry, instead of being reliant on constant 1319:

Still, progress has been made. While there has been a 29% increase in fatal crashes since 2009, this number is still lower than what it was in 2005. The safety of truck drivers and their trucks is monitored and statistics compiled by the FMCSA or Federal Motor Carriers Safety Administration who

1219:

In 2006, the U.S. trucking industry as a whole employed 3.4 million drivers. A major problem for the long-haul trucking industry is that a large percentage of these drivers are aging, and are expected to retire. Very few new hires are expected in the near future, resulting in a driver shortage.

2055:(6 or fewer hours of sleep per 24 hours). In fact, high blood pressure in truck drivers is 26.4% higher than the global prevalence of hypertension. In another study from 2015, more than 91,000 truck drivers were surveyed and similar types of morbidity were found. Truck drivers also suffer from 1983:

The FMCSA question and answer site is confusing. Question 1 states that a motor carrier is responsible for ensuring drivers are medically qualified for operating CMVs in interstate commerce. The FMCSA published a proposed guidance for sleep apnea testing in April 2012. Carriers began requiring

708:

A company driver who makes a number of "less than truckload" (LTL) deliveries via box truck or conventional tractor-trailer may be paid an hourly wage, a certain amount per mile, per stop (aka "drop" or "dock bump") or per piece delivered, unloaded, or tailgated (i.e., moved to the rear of the

615:

A regular weekly rest period is a period of at least 45 consecutive hours. An actual working week starts at the end of a weekly rest period and finishes when another weekly rest period is commenced, which may mean that weekly rest is taken in the middle of a fixed (Monday–Sunday) week. This is

2851:

Truck drivers also use flashing headlights to warn drivers in the oncoming lane(s) of a police patrol down the road. Though not official, two consecutive flashes indicate a police patrol, whereas a rapid series of flashing indicates DMV or other law-enforcement agency that only controls truck

2246:

Often older truck drivers speaking over their CB radios are frustrated at new-school truck drivers' lack of understanding of the trucking slang of the 1960s, '70s and '80s, and grudgingly resort to standard English when communicating with them. However today the slang is mostly gone, and some

1863:

Most truck drivers are employed as over-the-road drivers, meaning they are hired to drive long distances from the place of pickup to the place of delivery. During the short times while they are in heavily polluted urban areas, being inside the cab of the truck contributes much to avoiding the

993:

Acquiring a CDL requires a skills test (pre-trip inspection and driving test) and knowledge test (written) covering the unique handling qualities of driving a large, heavily loaded commercial vehicle, and the mechanical systems required to operate such a vehicle (air brakes, suspension, cargo

1891:

Truck driver fatigue is defined by the US Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) as being caused by "physical and/or mental exertion, resulting in impaired performance". Factors that increase truck driver fatigue include lack of sleep (quantity and

1640:

and the shortages of stocked food supplies within supermarkets and restaurants, were attributed to the chronic shortage of HGV truck drivers and its associated factors of excessive hours, poor working conditions and unsustainably low wages. In response to the HGV driver shortage crisis that

945:

Combinations of vehicles where the towing vehicle is in subcategory D1 and its trailer has a MAM of over 750 kg, provided that the MAM of the combination thus formed does not exceed 12,000 kg and the MAM of the trailer does not exceed the unladen mass of the towing vehicle.

1444:

One challenge of finding truck parking is made difficult perhaps not because there are insufficient parking spaces "nationwide", but where the majority of those spaces are not located, and most needed; near the most densely populated areas where demand for trucked goods is greatest.

541:

In Canada, driver hours of service (HOS) regulations are enforced for drivers who operate a "truck, tractor, trailer, or any combination of them that has a gross vehicle weight in excess of 4,500 kg (9,921 lb) or a bus that is designed and constructed to have a designated

690:(EOBR) can automatically record, among other things, the time the vehicle is in motion or stopped. An FMCSA ruling mandated use of EOBRs, also known as Electronic Logging Device (ELD), began on December 18, 2017. The new mandate applies to all carriers not under FMCSA exemptions. 1992:

A new law was passed in Australia requiring that all "over the road" drivers carry their medical information with them when they "are on the clock". This will help drivers comply with this new law and can also help deliver quick, accurate medical assistance if and when needed.

1966:

A CDC report (No. 2014–150) states: Most drowsy driving crashes or near misses occur during: 0400 and 0600, 0000 and 0200, and 1400–1600 hours and drivers are at the highest risk of a sleep-related accident. Thirty-seven percent of fatal crashes happened between 6PM and 6AM.

712:

The main advantage of being paid by the mile may be that a driver is rewarded according to measurable accomplishment. The main disadvantage is that what a driver may accomplish is not so directly related to the effort and, perhaps especially, the time required for completion.

430:(otherwise known as "over-the-road" or "long-haul" drivers) often cover distances of thousands of miles and are away from home for days, weeks, or even months on end. For time-critical loads, companies may opt to employ team drivers to cover more miles than a single driver. 1978:

391.41(b) A person is physically qualified to drive a commercial motor vehicle if that person (5) has no established medical history or clinical diagnosis of a respiratory dysfunction likely to interfere with his/her ability to control and drive a commercial motor vehicle

1680:

These problems have been there for years because the average age of the driver is 55 years old, they're retiring, and the industry has not made this job attractive. For too long, working conditions have been poor, and those that are willing to tolerate it have been from

683:

record of duty status documenting all work and rest periods. The record of duty status must be kept current to the last change of duty status and records of the previous seven days retained by the driver in the truck and presented to law enforcement officials on demand.

2154:

then, a large number of tractor-trailer operators have left the industry in search of other employment, and a new generation of drivers has come in. Subsequent to the measure it became extremely difficult for truck drivers to engage in drug abuse and remain undetected.

821:

A Light Rigid (LR class) license covers a rigid vehicle with a gross vehicle mass (GVM) not more than 8 tons, with a towed trailer not weighing more than 9 tons GTM (Gross Trailer Mass). Also, buses with a GVM up to 8 tons which carry more than 12 adults including the

1302:

Truck drivers are five times more likely to die in a work-related accident than the average worker. Highway accidents accounted for a majority of truck driver deaths, most of them caused by confused drivers in passenger vehicles who are unfamiliar with large trucks.

1458:

Exacerbating the problem are parking restrictions or prohibitions in commercial areas where plenty of space exists and the fact that shippers and receivers of freight tend to prefer to ship and receive truckloads in the early and late portions of the business day.

1492:

operate a diesel-fueled auxiliary power system which powers a heater, air conditioner, or any additional equipment for sleeper-berth equipped vehicles during sleeping or resting periods for greater than five minutes at any location within 100 feet of a restricted

1629:. The purpose of the survey was to get the drivers opinions about the HGV driver shortage. The aim was to establish whether the results of the driver's survey could help the industry and government understand the issues that the drivers are currently facing. 896:

Lorries between 3,500 kg and 7,500 kg with a trailer over 750 kg - total weight not more than 12,000 kg (if you passed your category B test prior to January 1, 1997, you will be restricted to a total weight not exceeding 8,250 kg).

1700:

You’ll be working a minimum of 45 hours per week on an ‘any five from seven-day’ shift pattern, so your working days may change each week and could include weekend working. You will also be starting early AM and must be prepared to work through the

756:

routes largely follow the Interstate Highway system but sometimes require drivers to use state and U.S. highways and toll roads. Trucking companies practice this method to attract and retain veteran drivers. Household goods (HHG) miles, from the

1824:. There are macros for each stage of the loading and unloading process, such as "loaded and leaving shipper" and "arrived at the final destination". This system also allows the company to track the driver's fuel usage, speed, gear optimization, 2145:

Likewise, it had to be considered that a sudden halting or stunting of the movement of merchandise, as would occur with a large and sudden vacating of the cargo-transportation workforce, would have similar consequences. Even the 1974

3440: 579:

The daily driving time shall not exceed 9 hours and may be extended to at most 10 hours no more than twice each week. The weekly driving time may not exceed 56 hours. In addition to this, a driver cannot exceed 90 hours driving in a

1622:(FTA) have called for the government to help address the shortage of qualified truck drivers in the UK. According to the FTA, there was a shortage of 59,000 truck drivers. The average age of a truck driver was noted to be at 57. 1531:. Many truck businesses refused to take assignments that traveled to areas experiencing active outbreaks, such as New York City. They also found great difficulty in obtaining gas and sustenance as many travel stops have closed. 1086:

component of the general knowledge test or performs the skills test in a vehicle not equipped with air brakes, the driver is issued an air brake restriction, restricting the driver from operating a CMV equipped with air brakes.

2010:

adult working for population in the US. Some key risk factors for obesity in truckers are poor eating habits, lack of access to healthy food, lack of exercise, sedentary lifestyle, long work hours, and lack of access to care.

1472:

The parking shortage, real or perceived, nearest the densest urban areas incites drivers to arrive early and many of those truck stops are full by 7 pm leaving even drivers who carefully plan their trips in detail few if any,

1037:

A CDL can also contain separate endorsements required to operate certain trailers or to haul certain cargo. These endorsements are noted on the CDL and often appear in advertisements outlining the requirements for employment.

647:"If you are subject to the work time limits (and are required to complete a logbook), you must record all your work and rest times in a logbook approved by the Transport Agency (you can only maintain 1 logbook at a time)." 791:

While not common, company drivers can also be paid by percentage of the load. This is typically a percentage of revenue, the same as owner-operators, with some company drivers instead paid a percentage of the load profit.

2292:– a bridge lower than 13 feet 6 inches (standard minimum height on all Interstates and state highway systems with controlled-access designation) that could scrape off the top portions of a tractor-trailer rig 2196:

in the industry in recent decades, this has all but vanished. Most of the newer generation of drivers in the U.S. today speak to one another over their CB radios (or other similar communication devices) in more or less

1712:

was substantially reduced to 27 per cent. Truck drivers experienced a tighter pay squeeze from 2015 to 2021; median hourly pay for truck drivers rose 10 per cent to £11.80, instead of 16 per cent for all UK employees.

2243:" have fallen nearly or completely into disuse, except "10/4", meaning "message received", "affirmative", "okay", "understood", and occasionally "10/20", referring to the driver's location, (e.g., "What's your 20?") 1842:, has utilized this system to implement a "paperless log" system. Instead of keeping track of working hours on a traditional pen and paper based logbook, the driver informs the company of his status using a macro. 4006: 3520: 1553:

or CSA 2010, a data-driven safety compliance and enforcement program. The program was implemented to improve commercial motor vehicle (CMV) safety and prevent crashes, injuries, and fatalities using the carrier

1416:(US DOT) shows that "parking areas for trucks and buses along major roads and highways are more than adequate across the nation when both public (rest areas) and commercial parking facilities are factored in." 1104:

Truck drivers are responsible for checking the axle and gross weights of their vehicles, usually by being weighed at a truck stop scale. Truck weights are monitored for limit compliance by state authorities at

1227:

to reduce driver age limits, which they say will reduce a recruiting shortfall. Under current law, drivers need to be 21 to haul freight across state lines, which the industry wants to lower to 18 years old.

1590:

because it is flawed, artificially raising the driver or carrier scores, and the insurance industry uses these scores to assess risks on insurance. The FMCSA had released a report that the CSA scoring works.

1307:

The unsafe actions of automobile drivers are a contributing factor in about 70 percent of the fatal crashes involving trucks. More public awareness of how to share the road safely with large trucks is needed.

390:

or "less than truck load" generally refers to localized delivery jobs where goods are delivered by the driver at multiple locations, sometimes involving the pulling of double- or triple-trailer combinations.

446:

refer to pairs of drivers who take turns driving the same truck in shifts (sometimes spouses), or several people in different states who split up the haul (line haul) to avoid being away from home for long

6160:

Sieber, W., Robinson, C., Birdsey, J., Chen, G., Hitchcock, E., Lincoln, J., & Sweeney, M. (2014). Obesity and other risk factors: The National Survey of U.S. Long‐Haul Truck Driver Health and Injury.

1276:

of the new millennium, with some truckers toiling up to 95 hours per week for what amounts to barely more than the minimum wage. is eye-opening in its appraisal of what the trucking industry has become."

1691:

Although heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers are legally limited to drive only for nine hours a day, drivers are routinely away from home for 12 to 15 hours a day, with unpredictable hours. Job advert from

1112:

Commercial motor vehicles are subject to various state and federal laws regarding limitations on truck length (measured from bumper to bumper), width, and truck axle length (measured from axle to axle or

598:

concession in these circumstances depends on their other duties. On multi-manning operations, the first 45 minutes of a period of availability is considered a break so long as the co-driver does no work.

378:

drivers haul bulk sand, salt, and cement, among other things. They have specialized trailers which enable them to use pressurized air to unload their products. Commonly known among truckers as Flow Boys.

1029:

Class C – Any single vehicle or the combination of vehicles that does not meet the definition of Class A or Class B but is either designed to transport 16 or more passengers including the driver or is

5709: 5116: 2863:

Truckers also use their 4 ways flashing up a steep hill, mountain roads and on ramps on express ways to let others know that they are traveling at a slow speed and to be cautious approaching them.

607:

at the end of the crossing. When the rest period is interrupted in this way, the total accumulated rest period must still be 11 hours. A bunk or couchette must be available during the rest period.

1320:

provides online information on safety violations. If a truck is stopped by a law enforcement agent or at an inspection station, information on the truck complies and OOS violations are logged. A

1577:

rules for those drivers falling under the required "record of duty status" (RODS). The system in use until 2019 uses a relative scoring system that is based on comparing carriers to their peers

3297: 1324:

is defined by federal code as an imminent hazard under 49 U.S.C. § 521(b)(5)(B), "any condition likely to result in serious injury or death". National statistics on accidents published in the

279:

centers. Truck drivers are responsible for inspecting their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation. Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for

3447: 4165: 1127:

A standard 18-wheeler consists of three axle groups: a single front (steering) axle, the tandem (dual) drive axles, and the tandem trailer axles. Federal weight limits for NN traffic are:

1449:

Freight Analysis Framework and Freight Performance Measure program tools to identify a widespread shortage of truck parking facilities, with certain areas experiencing an acute shortage.

6379: 1141:

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) division of the US Department of Transportation (US DOT) regulates the length, width, and weight limits of CMVs used in interstate commerce.

1462:

The end result is an increase in truck traffic during the morning and evening rush hours when traffic is most dense, commuters exhibit the least patience, and safety is compromised.

3375: 2421:– a pamphlet or brochure explaining truck-driver slang, usually distributed at truck stops in the 1970s and '80s and in a few bookstores (this list would be called a "dummy book") 1726:

Kieran Smith, chief executive of Driver Require, a recruitment agency, noted that employers have pushed labour costs down to compete for powerful customers such as supermarkets.

558:

Receipts for fuel, tolls, etc., must be retained as MTO officers can request them to further verify the accuracy of information contained in drivers' logbooks during inspections.

3349: 1211:

trucking companies to charge for this excessive time. For the most part, loading/unloading times have fallen into a window of 2–4 hours although longer times are still endured.

2881: 3876: 2212:, especially state patrolmen, and sometimes "diesel bear" for a DOT officer, though many new-school drivers merely say "police", "policeman" and "cop". "Hammer" refers to the 1299:

Among crash fatalities generally, 11.8% involved at least one large truck or bus. In 2016, property damages resulting from truck and bus crashes cost several billion dollars.

800:

Companies such as Dupré Logistics, which traditionally paid by the mile, have switched to hourly wages. Regional and local drivers are usually paid by the hour. In 2011 the

335:

are those with the authority to haul goods who often drive their own trucks, possibly owning a small fleet anywhere from one to ten, but occasionally as few as two or three.

994:

securement, et al.), must be declared fit by medical examination no less than every two years. For passenger bus drivers, current passenger endorsements are also required.

6791:

Thiese, M. S., Moffitt, G. J., Hanowski, R. N., Kales, S. T., Porter, R., & Hegmann, K. (2015). Repeated Cross-Sectional Assessment of Commercial Truck Driver Health.

6619: 344: 4010: 3524: 1361:. If the cab of the truck is not appropriate for the driver's size, the driver can lose visibility and easy access to the controls and be at higher risk for accidents. 6662: 6603: 6496: 6318: 6266: 2886: 1485:

Commercial diesel-fueled vehicles with a GVWR greater than 10,000 pounds are subject to the following idling restrictions effective 1 February 2005. A driver may not:

6617:

Martin, B.; Church, T., Bonnell, R., Ben-Joseph, R., & Borgstadt, T. (2009). "The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on the Direct Medical Costs of Truck Drivers".

5773:

Lemke, M. K., Hege, A., Apostolopoulos, Y., Wideman, L., and Sönmez, S. (2017). Work and sleep among transport operators: Disparities and implications for safety.

6568:

Solomon, A.; Doucette, J., Garland, E., & McGinn, T. (2004). "Healthcare and the long haul: long distance truck drivers- a medically underserved population".

2201:(as understood in the various regions of the country), although a few of the slang words and phrases have remained, and many of these have passed into use in the 817:

In Australia, heavy vehicle licenses are issued by the states but are a national standard. There are 5 classes of license required by drivers of heavy vehicles:

5855: 1716:

Why would I want to be a truck driver, with all the responsibility, the long, unpredictable hours, if I can go to Aldi and earn £11.30 an hour stacking shelves?

1573:(SafeStat) to create ISS-2 in 2000 but many issues remained unsolved. A 2012 FMCSA rule change addressed issues but still presented many problems including the 1312: 5833:

United States Department of Transportation. (2011). Hours of Service and Driver Fatigue: Driver Characteristics Research. (Publication No. FMCSA-RRR-11-018).

862:

licenses, are issued and regulated provincially. Regarding CDLs (commercial drivers licenses), there is no standardization between provinces and territories.

295: 4533: 640:

Maximum cumulative work time of 13 hours (plus 2x 30-minute breaks) in one cumulative work day before a 10-hour break is required, giving a total of 24 hours

825:

A Medium Rigid (MR class) license covers a rigid vehicle with 2 axles and a GVM of more than 8 tons, with a towed trailer not weighing more than 9 tons GTM.

6891: 5990: 5713: 4111: 1540: 716:

Household goods drivers deal with the most complexity and thus are typically the highest paid, potentially making multiples of a scheduled freight-hauler.

673: 1597:

Congress has mandated the system to be overhauled and proposed FMCSA rules were scrapped as a result. New rules being proposed and testing includes a new

5450: 4371: 4366: 2128: 1787:

is installed on a truck and automatically determines its position in real-time and sends it to a remote computer database for visualizing and analysis.

5946: 6945:

Idling Compendium - Idling Ordinances Adopted Since September 2004 (Retrieved January 22, 2009), American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) PDF

6136: 4143: 3163:

It is to be noted that Michigan has some of the highest gas prices, but that those taxes are not spent on highways, but are diverted into the state's

316:

their trucks by contract with a trucking company to haul freight for that company using their own trucks or haul loads for multiple companies and are

3289: 4821: 922:

In Australia, for example, a HC license covers buses as well as goods vehicles in the UK and most of the EU; however, a separate license is needed.

4847: 4496: 1585:

There have long been truck driver and trucking industry members concerns over the scoring, the bias, especially to smaller carriers according to a

6834: 3568: 1798:, who is normally responsible for determining and informing the driver of their pick-up and drop-off locations. If the AVL unit is connected to a 1646: 701:

Truck drivers are paid according to many different methods. These include salary, hourly, and a number of methods which can be broadly defined as

384:

drivers haul an assortment of large bulky items, such as tanks, steel pipes, or lumber. Drivers require the ability to balance the load correctly.

4169: 5921: 3139: 1637: 1149:

between 13' and 15'. States considered to be in the eastern half of the United States use 13'6" as the maximum height. The boundary states are

761: 663: 4307: 6387: 5564: 5095:"ISS-2: The Integration of the Motor Carrier Safety Status Measurement System (SafeStat) into the Roadside Inspection Selection System (ISS)" 4582: 3619: 3327: 5289: 5185: 4279: 2852:

drivers. During the day time, the latter is sometimes accompanied by the signaling driver making a circle with both hands (as if holding a

2158: 1420: 6283:

Jacobson, P. W.; Prawitz, A., & Lukaszuk, J. (2007). "Long-Haul Truck Drivers Want Healthful Meal Options at Truck-Stop Restaurants".

1450: 1016:

Class B – Any single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 or more pounds, or any such vehicle towing a vehicle, not exceeding 10,000 pounds GVWR.

828:

A Heavy Rigid (HR class) license covers a rigid vehicle with 3 or more axles with a towed trailer not weighing more than 9 tons GTM. Also

6083: 5821: 5230: 1469:

A driver can only become familiar with locations of public and commercial parking spaces and their capacity and traffic by visiting them.

5850:

United States Department of Transportation. (2018). Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts - 2016. Publication No. FMCSA-RRA-17-016. (Table 2)

5816:

United States Department of Transportation. (2007). The Large Truck Crash Causation Study. Publication No. FMCSA-RRA-07-017. (Table 2).

3774: 2395:– a tractor pulling an empty trailer; miles covered while pulling an empty trailer while getting paid for it are called "deadhead miles" 1121: 765: 705:. Piece work methods may include both a base rate and additional pay. Base rates either compensate drivers by the mile or by the load. 6033: 1482:

Idling restrictions further complicate the ability of drivers to obtain adequate rest, as this example from California may illustrate:

779:

Today, the 19th version of the Guide has grown to contain distances between more than 140,000 cities, zip codes, or highway junctions.

3738: 3353: 2754: 521: 402:

work only within the limits of their local areas. These areas may include crossing state lines, but drivers usually return home daily.

5059: 4769: 507:

haul livestock locally, regionally, or nationally. The term bullrack refers to double-deck trailers used strictly for hauling cattle.

5162: 4571: 4393: 4260: 3958: 3883: 3629: 1413: 1002: 150: 5139: 4975: 3798: 3664: 3498: 5021: 1895:

Sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality, although of critical concern, are a subset of the larger issue of truck driver fatigue.

209:

in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Malaysia and Singapore) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a

5347: 1650: 6106: 5264: 6883: 6855: 4139: 3651: 801: 6514: 6979: 5856:

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/sites/fmcsa.dot.gov/files/docs/safety/data-and-statistics/398686/ltbcf-2016-final-508c-may-2018.pdf

4264: 4062: 3472: 2105: 1409: 1013:(gross vehicle weight rating) of 26,001 or more pounds provided the GVWR of the vehicle(s) being towed exceeds 10,000 pounds. 88: 4054: 3714: 1918: 987: 977: 287:. Truck drivers work closely with warehouse associates and warehouse workers who assist in loading and unloading shipments. 4220: 2966:

of the trucking industry in the earlier 20th century, while the future of truck driving was speculated on in the 1996 film

2539:– unmarked law enforcement vehicle, most commonly referred to with the color of the wrapper such as a "plain brown wrapper" 1601:(IRT) model to replace the current relative rankings system began being tested in September 2018 with changes due in 2019. 131: 1619: 1586: 855: 84: 31: 1384: 465:

and are a single compartment (due to sanitation requirements). Fuel oil/petroleum drivers require special certifications.

103: 2891: 2872:

keeping the palm in contact with the steering wheel. Raising the right hand is also used in the same way but very rare.

2389:– a constable, county sheriff or sheriff's deputy (from earlier slang for "mounted policeman", a policeman on horseback) 1268: 687: 498: 6725:

Guest, Amber J.; Chen, Yu-Ling; Pearson, Natalie; King, James A.; Paine, Nicola J.; Clemes, Stacy A. (1 October 2020).

5424: 4166:"Pothole questions: Why are Ohio's roads better than Michigan's roads? MDOT points to lack of funding compared to Ohio" 3848: 2587:– a law-enforcement officer using any speed-detection device or radar gun, but most commonly when using a camera radar. 1005:(US DOT) stipulates the various classes of CDLs and associated licensing and operational requirements and limitations. 283:, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation, and entertaining (e.g. cooking, making hot drinks) and 5639:"Lung cancer in heavy equipment operators and truck drivers with diesel exhaust exposure in the construction industry" 2406: 1246:

is an internationally recognized expert on the trucking industry, especially the institutional and economic impact of

372:

drivers haul the majority of goods over highways in large trailers. Contents may be perishable or nonperishable goods.

4596: 546:

of more than 24 persons, including the driver." However, there are two sets of hours of service rules: one for above

4442: 4361: 110: 6447:

Schulte, P. A.; Wagner, G. R., Simeonova, P. P., Miller, D. B., Ostry, A., Blanciforti, L. A.; et al. (2007).

5733:. Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 28 October 2014 3591: 2973: 2402: 2147: 1869: 1791: 1784: 1665: 4992: 4253: 2150:

to 55 mph, which merely slowed the movement of merchandise, was followed by the recession of the late 1970s.

1883:

have extra health hazards due to their working conditions, as the roads they travel are particularly treacherous.

77: 5782: 5756: 5046: 4231: 3418: 3070: 2812: 2689:- (M1 Motorway Hawksbury Hill North of the river) No police cars in the area from Jolls Bridge to Hawksbury River 2683:- (M1 Motorway Hawksbury Hill North of the river) No police cars in the area from Top of the hill to Jolls Bridge 2135: 1820:

The driver inputs the information, using a keyboard, into an automated system of pre-formatted messages known as

567: 4192: 1949:

Research sponsored by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and American Trucking Associations found:

842:

A Multi-Combination (MC class) license covers multi-combination vehicles like Road Trains and B-Double Vehicles.

359:

transport cars on specially built trailers and require specific skills to load and operate specialized trailers.

6056:"So your DOT doc says you 'have' to get tested for sleep apnea? (So why am I being told that it's mandatory? )" 5874:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. August 2014 2056: 1821: 1780: 1669: 1615: 1083: 38: 6944: 3057: 1996: 1321: 117: 6055: 3396: 5950: 5730: 5117:"Improvements to the Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) Motor Carrier Safety Measurement System (SMS)" 4563: 4408: 3011: 2910: 2228:, was once exclusively truck-driver slang, but has now passed into common use by the public, especially for 1940: 1913: 1865: 1756: 1747: 1661: 1527:

Truck drivers in the United States were on the frontline delivering essential goods to Americans during the

1505:

A truck driver's "DAC Report" refers to the employment history information submitted by former employers to

320: 276: 2364:– terms used to describe the HOS paper log, this stems from the days of multiple logs prior to electronics. 6969: 4387: 2064: 2060: 1255: 1224: 4825: 1232:

end of 2020, turnover for truck drivers in fleets with more than $ 30 million of annual revenue was 92%.

772:, in conjunction with the precursor of the National Moving & Storage Association developed the first 323:. Others also lease and make payments on trucks with the aim of purchasing them within two to five years. 99: 6676:

Sieber WK, Robinson CF, Birdsey J, Chen GX, Hitchcock EM, Lincoln JE, Nakata A, Sweeney MH (June 2014).

6656: 6597: 6490: 6312: 6260: 4854: 4509: 3902: 3521:"Hours of service of drivers, Part 395: Maximum driving time for property-carrying vehicles; Part 395.3" 3091: 3029: 3005: 2946: 2936:, was released, which revolves around the escapades of two CB-talking truck driver friends, one driving 2932: 2274: 2193: 2120: 1263: 3823: 3691: 6935: 6678:"Obesity and other risk factors: the national survey of U.S. long-haul truck driver health and injury" 6179:"Truck Driver Occupational Safety and Health - 2003 Conference Report and Selective Literature Review" 5822:

http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/research-and-analysis/large-truck-crash-causation-study-analysis-brief

5556: 1783:

used for location data transmission. A special location tracking device also known as a tracker or an

1736:

Kieran Smith, CEO of Driver Require, a UK-based logistics management consultancy and recruitment firm.

555:

allowed to restart the cycle again. Cycle 2 is 72 hours off duty before being allowed to start again.

6226:"Barriers to Truck Drivers' Healthy Eating: Environmental Influences and Health Promotion Strategies" 5928: 5207: 3546: 3264: 2993: 2248: 2048: 1799: 1598: 1068: 983: 462: 312:(also known as O/Os, or "doublestuffs") are individuals who own the trucks they drive and can either 3592:"There's A Huge Shortage Of Truck Drivers In America — Here's Why The Problem Is Only Getting Worse" 2788: 6906: 4709:. Retrieved from www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/data-and-statistics/large-truck-and-bus-crash-facts-2016. 4611: 3035: 2900: 2479: 2452: 1251: 871: 547: 215: 45: 6539: 5586: 3319: 1325: 6644: 6248: 6060: 5896: 5731:"Mining Feature: Fatigue Management for Haul Truck Drivers: A Low-Tech Solution for a Small Mine" 4469:"The Truck Driver Shortage Doesn't Exist. Saying There Is One Makes Conditions Worse for Drivers" 4312: 4284: 4254:"Pavement Comparative Analysis Technical Report Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight Limits Study" 4116: 3144: 3083: 3043: 2999: 2927: 1831: 859: 836: 170: 6727:"Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review" 6224:

Apostolopolous, Y.; Sonmez, S., Shattell, M., Haldeman, L., Strack, R., & Jones, V. (2011).

5329: 3984: 3239: 3017: 1721:

Tomasz Oryński, a truck driver and journalist based in Scotland, who planned to move to Finland.

6011: 5315: 5022:"'Everything just changed so drastically': Veteran trucker describes 'chaos' after coronavirus" 4468: 2251:

consider the CB a safety hazard and prohibit the installation of a CB radio in their tractors.

1079:

state where a driver's CDL is issued are considered the applicable laws governing that driver.

440:

that exceed standard regulations. Special permits are required to transport oversize shipments.

6774: 6756: 6707: 6636: 6585: 6478: 6426: 6360: 6300: 6225: 5804: 5668: 4578: 4567: 4555: 4416: 3932: 3625: 3075: 3052: 3048: 2052: 1528: 1243: 1189: 6540:"Summary of Hours-of-Service (HOS) Regulations - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration" 4085: 3726: 1049:

P – Passenger (knowledge test; skills test may be required for some operations. Required for

693:

A shortage of truck drivers has been reported in the United States. Retention rates are low.

6764: 6746: 6738: 6697: 6689: 6628: 6577: 6468: 6460: 6418: 6350: 6292: 6240: 6186: 5965: 5868: 5658: 5650: 4674: 3596: 3111: 2987: 2635:

Australian police vehicle, nicknamed a "candy car", with one of several checkerboard designs

2198: 2175: 2139: 1764: 1760: 1626: 1497:

Drivers are subject to both civil and criminal penalties for violations of this regulation.

768:

for moving soldiers around the country, long a major source of steady and reliable revenue.

680: 669: 659: 543: 284: 260: 2631: 1625:

During February 2016, an independent survey on the driver shortage was carried out by a UK

1541:

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration § Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA)

724: 412: 408:

drivers, or bedbuggers, haul personal effects for families moving from one home to another.

329:

are employees of a particular trucking company who drive trucks provided by their employer.

6974: 4979: 4926: 4796:"Companies, Insurers Try Devices To Monitor Drivers [The Hartford Courant, Conn.]" 4773: 4721:

United States Department of Transportation. (2018). Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts 2016.

4705:

United States Department of Transportation. (2018). Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts 2016.

4504: 4473: 3915: 3750: 3214: 3105: 2958: 2905: 1350: 1194: 1064: 829: 424:

may work over several states near their homes and may be away from home for short periods.

317: 124: 5612: 4667:"Improved Safety for Truck Drivers: Designing Safer Cabs Based on Driver Body Dimensions" 3962: 4972: 3668: 1391:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

6955:

Professional driver qualification with computer- and simulator-based training (ICT-DRV)

6769: 6702: 6677: 6473: 6448: 5751:

United States Department of Transportation. (2015). CMV Driving Tips – Driver Fatigue.

5663: 5638: 4901: 4666: 3124: 3066: 2968: 2656: 2569:, example: "shooting you in the face", or "shooting you up the exhaust" (from the rear) 2209: 1810: 1803: 1673: 1489:

idle the vehicle's primary diesel engine for greater than five minutes at any location.

776:

published in 1936, at which point it contained only about 300 point-to-point mileages.

573: 484: 308: 252: 5094: 4334: 3094:

in Canada, as they transport equipment to the oil and natural gas mines in that area.

6963: 6950:

Professional driver qualification in Europe (results of the European ProfDRV project)

6252: 5502:"Covid-19: Visas planned to tackle driver shortage, and soldiers to staff ambulances" 4795: 3810: 2923: 2915: 2377: 2108: 1693: 1106: 480: 437: 6648: 5451:"Low pay, 'hellhole' service stations and no toilets 'behind lorry driver shortage'" 5251: 4822:"Motor Carrier Safety Progress Report - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration" 2922:, both in 1975. The main character of "Convoy" was a truck driver known only by his 2817: 4370:. Vol. 13, no. 4. Louisville, KY: Innovative Publishing. pp. 12–13. 4227: 4032: 3164: 3129: 3062: 2978: 2963: 2919: 2764: 2714: 2552: 2381: 2217: 2124: 2044: 1768: 1657: 1455:

night, or to experience the associated increase in truck traffic on local streets.

1247: 1239: 990:(CDL) to operate a CMV with a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 26,000 pounds. 885:

Lorries between 3,500 kg and 7,500 kg with a trailer up to 750 kg.

769: 264: 256: 5097:. North Dakota State University (NDSU) Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute 4879: 4193:"Michigan road funding: Proposal to cut truck weight limits fails in state Senate" 3762: 1953:

Almost one-third (28%) of commercial truck drivers have some degree of sleep apnea

1855: 1020: 643:

After 70 hours of accumulated work a driver must have a break of at least 24 hours

6632: 6422: 6244: 5799:

United States Department of Transportation. (2011). Hours of Service of Drivers.

4902:"Truck Parking Areas, Highway Special Investigation Report, Adopted May 17, 2000" 3939:. U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 744:

pick up and deliver freight, but they will be used to calculate driver earnings.

6742: 6726: 5033: 4951: 3692:"New Official Household Goods Transportation Mileage Guide 19 is Now Available!" 3290:"What's the Difference Between an Owner/Operator and an Independent Contractor?" 3080: 3023: 2943: 2747:- Straight (M1 Motorway) Between Dog Trap Rd overpass & Peaks Ridge Turn off 2606: 2556: 1825: 1358: 1114: 650:

Emergency services drivers can exceed work hours when attending priority calls.

352:

Owner-operators, owner-drivers, and company drivers can be in these categories:

66: 6296: 4280:"Experts weigh in on how much Michigan's heavy trucks damage the state's roads" 4112:"Does your body ache from hitting potholes? 5 reasons Michigan has lousy roads" 3786: 1828:

time, location, the direction of travel, and the amount of time spent driving.

1641:

accelerated due to lower migration (of immigrant truck drivers) resulting from

1067:(knowledge test only, also requires fingerprint and background check since the 6819: 6409:

Turner, L. M.; Reed, D. B. (2011). "Exercise Among Commercial Truck Drivers".

5757:

https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/driver-safety/cmv-driving-tips-driver-fatigue

3134: 3101: 2938: 2853: 2831: 2358:– truck designed with the cab positioned over the engine, instead of behind it 2229: 2202: 2181: 2116: 2115:

in the trucking industry by means of the then-recently developed technique of

2112: 1807: 1795: 1337: 1057: 1050: 1043: 702: 476: 454: 240: 232: 6760: 6464: 6191: 5920:

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration & National Sleep Foundation.

5686: 5475: 5372: 4679: 4420: 2551:– a police officer, used because of the resemblance between police officer's 2488:– associated with a police pointing your direction (shooting you) using radar 5186:"CSA works and is not biased against small carriers, FMCSA report concludes" 4740: 4634: 2860:"Do not move in front, trailer not clear!" or "I'm overtaking, move aside". 2772: 2566: 2531: 2240: 1753: 1506: 1341: 1273: 1170: 1150: 737: 581: 530: 472: 236: 6778: 6711: 6640: 6589: 6482: 6430: 6364: 6304: 6178: 5672: 4726: 3188: 2500:– the "Open" sign for weigh stations, also referred to as "the little word" 1433:

Private truck stops that are full on any given night nationwide- 53 percent

1430:

Number of trucks parked at private truck stops at night- 167,453 (estimate)

1145:

handling larger commercial motor vehicles, as certified by states to FHWA.

957:

Any bus with more than 8 passenger seats and a trailer up to 750 kg.

764:

freight rates for movers of household goods, some say at the behest of the

4880:"FHWA Report on Truck Parking Facilities Shows Adequate Supply Nationwide" 4497:"Facing A Critical Shortage Of Drivers, The Trucking Industry Is Changing" 3569:"E-log mandate set to take effect Dec. 2017, rule set for DOT publication" 2518:– an auto-transport truck, usually referred to as a "portable parking lot" 1173:. States west of these have maximum heights of 14', with the exception of 6355: 6338: 5654: 5476:"Lorry driver shortage: Temporary visa scheme to run until Christmas Eve" 5072: 3441:"Rules on Drivers' Hours and Tachographs Goods vehicles in GB and Europe" 3087: 2233: 2225: 2213: 2189: 1839: 1814: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1162: 1158: 968:

Any bus with more than 8 passenger seats and a trailer over 750 kg.

733: 5838: 5231:"Complying with Congressional statute, FMCSA submits plan to reform CSA" 4341:. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. 18 December 2007 3397:"Commercial Vehicle Drivers Hours of Service Regulations (SOR/2005-313)" 1802:

or a computer it also allows the driver to input the information from a

933:

Vehicles with 9 to 16 passenger seats and a trailer up to 750 kg.

165: 17: 6693: 6581: 6544:

U.S. Dept of Transportation Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

6339:"Case study of a healthy eating intervention for Swedish lorry drivers" 6084:"DOT withdraws rule to set sleep apnea screening criteria for truckers" 5530: 5501: 5398: 2334:- truck with a trailer for hauling coal, especially an end-dump trailer 2221: 2017: 1971: 1873: 1776: 1345: 1329:

driver behavior and requiring electronic log and satellite monitoring.

1030: 497:(aka "piggy backs"), which are lifted on or off the chassis at special 268: 55: 6884:"Electronic Logging Devices and Hours of Service Supporting Documents" 6751: 6107:"A Burdensome Regulation Screening Truck Drivers for a Sleep Disorder" 4996: 2695:- (M1 Motorway) Ku-Ring-Gai Chase Road Overpass Hill on the F3 Freeway 2460:– the lane farthest to the right usually designated for slower traffic 1439:

Public rest areas with full or overflowing parking at night 80 percent

4770:"Safety and Health Topics: OSHA Assistance for the Trucking Industry" 3119: 2985:

Truck drivers have also been villainously portrayed in such films as

2768: 1880: 1642: 1354: 1182: 272: 1565:

There have been improvements, such as the combining of the original

1235:

There is a shortage of willing trained long distance truck drivers.

839:, or rigid vehicles towing a trailer with a GTM of more than 9 tons. 6811: 6034:"Neck Size, BMI and your CDL. Drivers Beware You Might Be OOS Soon" 5140:"CSA scoring is faulty, unfair for small carriers, GAO report says" 3265:"Trucker Slang and CB Radio Lingo Dictionary - Talk Like a Trucker" 2401:– 55 mph (in more common use during the 1974–1987 era of the 1939:

Savings: $ 11.1 billion in collision costs and 980 lives annually (

4197: 3882:. Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance. 1 April 2013. Archived from 2982:, "Heavy Metal Queen", also features spacefaring "truck" drivers. 2885: 2816: 2630: 2273: 2185: 2016: 1995: 1859:

A sign in the US warning truck drivers to stay off a certain route

1854: 1835: 1019: 723: 520: 411: 343: 313: 294: 280: 210: 5399:"Fuel supply: Visas won't solve petrol supply issues - retailers" 4560:

Sweatshops on Wheels: Winners and Losers in Trucking Deregulation

4308:"Fixing Michigan's crumbling roads: What about the heavy trucks?" 2926:

handle (C.B. name), "Rubber Duck". Three years later, in 1978, a

2224:, in which traffic generally travels faster. "Handle", meaning a 1260:

Sweatshops on Wheels: Winners and Losers in Trucking Deregulation

1238:

Part of the reason for the shortage is the economic fallout from

732:

Mileage calculations vary from carrier to carrier. Hub miles, or

6949: 5613:"Is There an HGV Driver Shortage in the UK? Read Our Report Now" 2949: 2781:- Dry Cement, Flyash, Sugar, Flower ETC or Liquid Tanker Drivers 2565:– a law-enforcement officer using any speed-detection device or 1154: 1010: 6954: 6835:"U.S. Truck Driver Shortage Is On Course to Double in a Decade" 4772:. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Archived from 3296:. Mission Financial Services Group Corporation. December 2020. 2830:

One form of unspoken communication between drivers is to flash

2328:– a road free of obstructions, construction, or police officers 2127:

of all truck drivers nationwide, as well as employees of other

1120:

The relationship between axle weight and spacing, known as the

908:

Vehicles over 3,500 kg with a trailer up to 750 kg.

6939: 2797:- tyre stripped off the rim and usually left lying on the road 2512:– a vehicle behind you, commonly referred to as "on your tail" 1772: 1368: 919:

Vehicles over 3,500 kg with a trailer over 750 kg.

60: 5348:"Why are UK businesses being hit by shortages at the moment?" 4009:. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Archived from 3523:. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Archived from 2482:, usually the location of a speed trap or broken-down vehicle 2086:

Sec. 8. Effective Date. This Order is effective immediately.

1936:

Cost: $ 3.18 billion with 70% effectiveness of CPAP treatment

1223:

To help combat the shortage, trucking companies have lobbied

6930: 5373:"UK visa plan will not fix lorry driver shortage, says boss" 5290:"Latest HGV Driver Shortage Facts, Figures And Perspectives" 4995:. Devin Coyle, Workers' Counsel, Oakland, CA. Archived from 2494:– when a female truck driver flirts with a male truck driver 2259: 6936:"To Understand Truckers, Two Photographers Become Truckers" 5805:

https://cms.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/rulemaking/2011-32696

5712:. D+C Development and Cooperation/ dandc.eu. Archived from 5687:"Diesel Exhaust Exposure Early in Life Doubles Asthma Risk" 4221:"Effect of Michigan Multi-Axle Trucks on Pavement Distress" 2898:

Truck drivers have been the subject of many films, such as

1654:

driving fuel tankers and delivering fuel to fuel stations.

760:(aka "short miles") was the first attempt at standardizing 637:

A break of at least 30 minutes every 5.5 hours of work time

2079: 998:

new drivers as long as they have a clean driving history.

728:

A sign for truckers reminding them to stay off the parkway

396:

haul refrigerated, temperature-sensitive, or frozen goods.

366:

require permits to move and are considered oversize loads.

5587:"UK truck driver shortage signals a broken labour market" 4635:"Fatalities and Injuries Among Truck and Taxicab Drivers" 2506:– a prostitute, especially one that frequents truck stops 2370:– What? I beg your pardon? Could you repeat that, please? 1427:

Parking spaces at private truck stops- 185,000 (estimate)

1095:

Truck regulations on size, weight, and route designations

201:

in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the European Union, a

6380:"American Crisis - Health of our Nation's Truck Drivers" 5531:"Petrol supply: Army put on standby to ease fuel crisis" 5163:"CSA Scores And Their Impact On Carrier Insurance Costs" 4055:"Federal Size Regulations for Commercial Motor Vehicles" 3961:. Transportation Security Administration. Archived from 3086:

series following truck drivers as they drive across the

303:

There are three major types of truck driver employment:

5047:"Truckers keep on trucking during coronavirus pandemic" 2930:

was released with the same name. In 1977, another film

2904:(1940), but they became an especially popular topic in 2180:

Truck drivers once had a highly elaborate and colorful

1925:

Total costs attributed to sleep apnea-related crashes:

1074:

X – Combination of tank vehicle and hazardous materials

5252:

Haulage industry bodies look to tackle driver shortage

2659:

police car, usually with high-visibility police decals

494: 44:"Lorry driver" redirects here. For the 1990 film, see 5891: 5889: 4739:

Guy A. Toscano & Janice A. Windau (Spring 1998).

3350:"National Heavy Vehicle Regulator Fatigue Management" 2972:

in which trucking has gone beyond planetary loads to

5016: 5014: 4927:"California's Commercial Vehicle Idling Regulations" 3621:

The Long Haul: A Trucker's Tales of Life on the Road

2882:

Trucking industry in popular culture (United States)

1779:

satellites system providing location information or

1436:

Shortfall of truck parking spaces- 28,400 (estimate)

6515:"New hours of service rule reduces driver workweek" 6449:"Work, Obesity, and Occupational Safety and Health" 2575:– any vehicle with single rear axle with dual tires 1817:" for that company's ubiquitous OmniTRACS system). 1419:A 2000 highway special investigation report by the 1336:Truck drivers often spend their nights parked at a 91:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6793:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 6620:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 4954:. State of California Department of Motor Vehicles 4234:, Final Report, Executive Summary, Project RC-1504 2405:; the U.S. five-cent coin is popularly called a " 54:"Truckie" redirects here. Not to be confused with 27:Person who earns a living as the driver of a truck 6856:"What the New FMSCA Regulation Means For Drivers" 5915: 5913: 5060:"Truckers are the unsung heroes of this pandemic" 3326:. Tontitown, AR: PAM Transport. 21 October 2015. 3051:depicting the exploits of a truck driver and his 2380:, due to the resemblance of the small offices to 1970:Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with 1387:may be compromised due to out-of-date information 986:system, and truck drivers are required to have a 672:(HOS) of commercial drivers are regulated by the 633:Heavy work time requirements in New Zealand are: 3715:Schneider - How Much Does an Owner Operator Make 2890:Truck drivers have been widely portrayed in the 2270:– a section of tire casing constituting a hazard 1794:often allows a driver to communicate with their 1465:Adding to the challenge of finding parking are: 1272:wrote: "The cabs of 18-wheelers have become the 6810: 4140:"Michigan's Road Spending: How do we stack up?" 2208:"Smokey" and "bear" are still used to refer to 1728: 1714: 1698: 1678: 1560:Behavior Analysis Safety Improvement Categories 1305: 1165:(the only state west of the north/south line), 6878: 6876: 5425:"Why shouldn't HGV drivers get a decent wage?" 3959:"HAZMAT Endorsement Threat Assessment Program" 1633:treated well by the companies they drove for. 1571:Motor Carrier Safety Status Measurement System 835:A Heavy Combination (HC class) license covers 251:Truck drivers provide an essential service to 37:"Trucker" redirects here. For other uses, see 6546:. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 6082:Jaillet, James; Dills, Todd (7 August 2017). 5945:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. 4623:Personal experience 15 years in the industry. 3727:WheelHolders.com - How Truck Drivers Get Paid 1326:FMCSA Analysis and Information online website 1313:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1009:Class A – Any combination of vehicles with a 847:have an HR or HC class license for one year. 8: 6661:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6602:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6508: 6506: 6495:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6317:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6285:Journal of the American Dietetic Association 6278: 6276: 6265:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4932:. California Environmental Protection Agency 4443:"Truck driver turnover reaches record level" 4033:"Commercial Vehicle Size and Weight Program" 2717:(not to be confused with a manned radar gun) 2000:Truckers bedded down for the night in the UK 870:In the EU, one or more of the categories of 6931:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 6892:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 6563: 6561: 6442: 6440: 6137:"A Hard Turn: Better Health on the Highway" 5852:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 5835:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 5818:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 5801:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 5753:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 4723:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 4707:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 3877:"Canadian Driver's License Reference Guide" 2908:in the mid-1970s, following the release of 2559:mascot, commonly just referred to as a bear 1686:Huw Merriman, BBC Radio 4's Today programme 1294:From 1992–1995, truck drivers had a higher 674:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 602:Journeys involving ferry or train transport 6163:American Journal of Industrial Medicine,57 5991:"Physical Qualifications and Examinations" 5725: 5723: 2757:inspectors who man checking/weigh stations 2433:– a passenger vehicle, even a pickup truck 1752:Many companies today utilize some type of 1423:(NTSB) contains the following statistics: 1109:and by DOT officers with portable scales. 6768: 6750: 6701: 6519:Trailers/Body Builders (Online Exclusive) 6472: 6354: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6190: 6173: 6171: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6124: 5662: 5330:"HGV Driver Shortage: 2016 Driver Survey" 5316:"HGV Driver Shortage Survey 2016 Results" 4678: 4528: 4526: 4335:"Truck Drivers and Drivers/Sales Workers" 4144:Southeast Michigan Council of Governments 3690:American Moving and Storage Association. 3652:National Moving & Storage Association 3267:. TheTruckersReport.com. 22 February 1999 2094:Excerpt of Reagan's Executive Order 12564 1767:. In this context "tracking" refers to a 151:Learn how and when to remove this message 6332: 6330: 6328: 4741:"Profile of Fatal Work Injuries in 1996" 4727:https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/36537 4671:DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2011-188 3927: 3925: 2255:Partial list of some truck-driver slang; 1181:, which have a maximum height of 14'6". 164: 6682:American Journal of Industrial Medicine 6570:American Journal of Industrial Medicine 4661: 4659: 4105: 4103: 4035:. US DOT/Federal Highway Administration 3987:. US DOT/Federal Highway Administration 3501:. Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency. 2020 3180: 3156: 2701:- 100 kilometres per hour (60 mph) 6654: 6595: 6488: 6310: 6258: 6233:Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health 5795: 5793: 5791: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5567:from the original on 29 September 2021 5525: 5523: 5265:"HGV driver shortage climbs to 59,000" 4993:"The DAC Report Class Action Registry" 4907:. National Transportation Safety Board 4385: 4191:Oosting, Jonathhan (2 December 2014). 3911: 3900: 3473:"Heavy Vehicle Work Time Requirements" 3140:Trucking industry in the United States 2741:- Rego & Speed checking police car 2599:– a rig pulling double/triple trailers 2316:– truck and trailer hauling live stock 2304:– the "Closed" sign for weigh stations 1638:2021 United Kingdom fuel supply crisis 1547:Compliance, Safety, and Accountability 679:Drivers must maintain a daily 24-hour 664:Trucking industry in the United States 5839:https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/70 5637:Järvholm B, Silverman D (July 2003). 4717: 4715: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4063:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 3667:. Heavy Duty Trucking. Archived from 3663:Deborah Whistler (10 February 2002). 3376:"Heavy vehicle log book requirements" 3240:"Warehouse Associate Job Description" 2216:, and "hammer lane" the left lane or 1535:Compliance, Safety and Accountability 7: 6809:Reagan, Ronald (15 September 1986). 5869:"Quick Sleep Tips for Truck Drivers" 5210:. Federal Register. 3 September 2015 4952:"Commercial Driver License Handbook" 4536:. Oxford University Press. July 2000 4409:"Trucking Industry: Let Teens Drive" 4362:"The National Truck Driver Shortage" 3933:"Commercial Drivers License Program" 3499:"Work-Time And Logbook Requirements" 3284: 3282: 2159:National Transportation Safety Board 1928:2000: $ 15.9 billion and 1,400 lives 1421:National Transportation Safety Board 889:Medium-sized vehicles with trailers: 299:A Nissan Diesel trucker in Hong Kong 89:adding citations to reliable sources 4848:"Large Truck Crash Causation Study" 4748:Compensation and Working Conditions 4642:Compensation and Working Conditions 4467:Semuels, Alana (12 November 2021). 4374:from the original on 5 October 2021 3330:from the original on 6 October 2021 3300:from the original on 6 October 2021 2962:was a fictionalized account of the 2956:spawned two sequels. The 1978 film 2555:, and that of the Forest Service's 2415:- a tow truck also called a wrecker 2104:In the 1980s the administration of 1771:and "satellite" refers either to a 1122:Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula 416:A container truck (cab-over design) 193:in the United States and Canada; a 6907:"CB Terminology And Trucker Slang" 5922:"Get on the Road to Better Health" 5710:"Underestimated production factor" 5184:Jaillet, James (5 February 2014). 5161:Straight, Brian (4 January 2018). 4495:Morris, Frank (11 February 2019). 4441:Einat Paz-Frankel (2 April 2006). 4086:"Trucking Legal Height Limits Map" 2409:" because of its metallic content) 1551:Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 1124:, is designed to protect bridges. 388:LTL drivers (location-to-location) 25: 6453:American Journal of Public Health 5775:Journal of Transport & Health 5229:Jaillet, James (14 August 2018). 5119:. Federal Register. 27 March 2012 4261:U.S. Department of Transportation 4138:Anderson, Bill (17 August 2018). 2340:– police with someone pulled over 1790:An "in cab" communication device 1414:U.S. Department of Transportation 1408:A study published in 2002 by the 1254:, in the economics department at 1003:U.S. Department of Transportation 752:accommodate heavy truck traffic. 348:An Isuzu Records Management truck 267:over land, typically to and from 213:, which is commonly defined as a 197:in Australia and New Zealand; an 6135:Ellin, Abby (21 November 2011). 6105:Hamblin, James (8 August 2017). 5138:Jones, Kevin (4 February 2014). 4633:Andrew T. Knestaut (Fall 1997). 4164:Haddad, Ken (22 February 2018). 4066:. Federal Highway Administration 3824:"How Much Do Truck Drivers Make" 3104: 2545:– light on the back of the truck 2205:language of the general public. 2148:nationwide speed-limit reduction 2071:Implementation of drug detection 1373: 471:drive vocational trucks such as 457:drivers; in truck driver slang, 65: 6183:NIOSH Publications and Products 5966:"Do you have a sleep disorder?" 5024:, "Yahoo Finance", 8 April 2020 4824:. Fmcsa.dot.gov. Archived from 3590:Badkar, Mamta (5 August 2014). 3446:. February 2011. Archived from 3320:"The Types of Class A CDL Jobs" 2466:– the lane farthest to the left 1907:Sleep disorders and deprivation 1134:34,000 pounds for a tandem axle 1131:20,000 pounds for a single axle 802:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 76:needs additional citations for 6513:Colina, C (23 December 2011). 5708:Ute Papkalla (December 2012). 4265:Federal Highway Administration 3624:. W. W. Norton & Company. 3215:"Truck Driver Job Description" 2445:– state trooper or DMV officer 1959:5.8% have moderate sleep apnea 1912:driver fatigue. Drivers with 1545:In 2010 the FMCSA enacted the 1410:Federal Highway Administration 1137:80,000 pounds for total weight 1: 5254:- Retrieved 17 September 2014 5036:, "Independent Women’s Forum" 4392:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4360:Pinkerton, Erin (Fall 2018). 4339:Occupational Outlook Handbook 3571:. Overdrive. 10 December 2015 1988:Australia health requirements 1620:Freight Transport Association 1587:General Accountability Office 1185:has a maximum height of 15'. 1091:require a driver to possess. 1082:If a driver either fails the 912:Large vehicles with trailers: 758:Household Goods Mileage Guide 688:Electronic on-board recorders 551:of no fewer than 30 minutes. 32:Truck Driver (disambiguation) 6633:10.1097/jom.0b013e3181965d6e 6423:10.3928/08910162-20110916-01 6245:10.1080/15555240.2011.573754 5989:Electronic Code of Federal. 5947:"Snoring—No Laughing Matter" 5449:katie-grant (23 June 2021). 4750:. Bureau of Labor Statistics 4644:. Bureau of Labor Statistics 4597:U.S. News & World Report 4278:Egan, Paul (19 April 2019). 4219:Chatti, K. (February 2009). 4110:Egan, Paul (13 March 2018). 3294:missionfinancialservices.net 2942:as they transport a load of 2892:culture of the United States 2593:– a tanker rig or its driver 1962:4.7% have severe sleep apnea 1605:Truck driver problems (U.K.) 1269:Atlanta Journal-Constitution 1215:Turnover and driver shortage 1201:Truck driver problems (U.S.) 982:The United States employs a 874:(LGV) licenses is required. 6743:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038993 6384:Corporate Wellness Magazine 6337:Gill, P.; Wijk, K. (2004). 5785::10.1016/j.jth.2017.08.006. 5208:"ELD Checklist for Drivers" 5049:, "Fox News", 31 March 2020 4306:Egan, Paul (1 March 2019). 3856:Roads and Maritime Services 3813:- Retrieved 22 October 2014 3801:- Retrieved 22 October 2014 3789:- Retrieved 22 October 2014 3777:- Retrieved 22 October 2014 3765:- Retrieved 22 October 2014 3741:- Retrieved 22 October 2014 3547:"ELD Checklist for Drivers" 3419:"EUR-Lex - 32006R0561 - EN" 2286:– a weigh station is closed 2123:, requiring regular random 2051:, no physical activity, or 1956:17.6% have mild sleep apnea 1919:commercial driver's license 1567:Inspection Selection System 1549:program, formerly known as 1359:improper lifting techniques 988:commercial driver's license 978:Commercial driver's license 856:Driver's licenses in Canada 333:Independent owner-operators 181:(commonly referred to as a 6996: 6297:10.1016/j.jada.2007.09.003 3753:-Retrieved 22 October 2014 3729:Retrieved 17 December 2020 3717:Retrieved 17 December 2020 3618:Murphy, Finn (June 2017). 2879: 2810: 2614:– the dashed lane markings 2472:– traveling extremely fast 2403:National Maximum Speed Law 2173: 2111:proposed to put an end to 1921:holders have sleep apnea. 1834:, a U.S. company based in 1745: 1666:Transport Select Committee 1538: 1344:, or on the shoulder of a 1242:of the trucking industry. 975: 668:In the United States, the 657: 565: 53: 43: 36: 29: 6343:Health Education Research 4982:- Retrieved 21 April 2012 4978:26 September 2010 at the 4232:Michigan State University 3549:. FMCSA. 3 September 2015 3193:www.thefreedictionary.com 2813:Vehicle visual signalling 2671:- Carter of live chickens 2439:– unmarked police vehicle 2376:– (re: "chicken coop") a 2346:– tractor with no trailer 2057:musculoskeletal disorders 1781:communications satellites 1556:Safety Measurement System 525:A trucker and his vehicle 169:A truck driver driving a 6465:10.2105/AJPH.2006.086900 6192:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2007120 4680:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2011188 4609:"Sweatshops on Wheels". 4594:"Sweatshops on Wheels", 4447:Memphis Business Journal 3985:"Bridge Formula Weights" 2751:The scalies or coneheads 2362:coloring book/comic book 2157:On 12 October 2015, The 1616:Road Haulage Association 1357:due to overexertion and 1322:violation out of service 1033:for hazardous materials. 39:Trucker (disambiguation) 4564:Oxford University Press 3477:Driving Tests Resources 3069:. On 17 June 2007, the 2807:Vehicle-light signaling 2278:A bobtail truck tractor 2136:1929 stock-market crash 1941:National Safety Council 1914:obstructive sleep apnea 1748:Vehicle tracking system 1670:government intervention 1664:MP and chairman of the 1412:(FHWA) division of the 1258:. He is the author of 1117:to axle for trailers). 937:Minibuses with trailers 736:miles ("hub" refers to 321:independent contractors 5062:, "MNN", 23 March 2020 4534:"Sweatshops on Wheels" 3910:Cite journal requires 3055:companion. Another is 2895: 2822: 2735:- Australia Post Truck 2643:- Weigh Station Closed 2636: 2279: 2119:, with his signing of 2061:cardiovascular disease 2022: 2001: 1974:. FMCSA rules states: 1860: 1739: 1724: 1709: 1689: 1317: 1256:Wayne State University 1044:Double/triple trailers 1025: 878:Medium-sized vehicles: 729: 568:Drivers' working hours 526: 417: 349: 300: 174: 6980:Transport occupations 6813:Executive Order 12564 5557:"HGV Class 1 Drivers" 5429:www.spiked-online.com 4510:National Public Radio 4088:. Heavy Haul Trucking 3092:Northwest Territories 2976:ones. One episode of 2954:Smokey and the Bandit 2933:Smokey and the Bandit 2889: 2820: 2707:– a police motorcycle 2634: 2427:– a police motorcycle 2277: 2121:Executive Order 12564 2038:Other health problems 2020: 1999: 1858: 1539:Further information: 1060:(knowledge test only) 1046:(knowledge test only) 1023: 766:Department of Defense 727: 524: 434:Oversize load drivers 415: 347: 298: 168: 6860:Pride Transportation 5716:on 15 December 2013. 5655:10.1136/oem.60.7.516 5563:. 1 September 2021. 5294:Asset Alliance Group 5058:Christian Cotroneo, 4828:on 24 September 2010 4566:, USA. p. 272. 2952:across state lines. 2914:, and the hit song " 2787:- carrier of stock ( 2723:-hand held radar gun 2437:fox in the hen house 2249:Swift Transportation 2192:, but with the high 2047:, obesity, smoking, 1887:Truck driver fatigue 1879:Drivers who work in 1813:(commonly called a " 1806:(BOL) into a simple 1800:Mobile data terminal 1599:Item Response Theory 1069:September 11 attacks 984:truck classification 961:Buses with trailers: 269:manufacturing plants 247:Duties and functions 85:improve this article 30:For other uses, see 5537:. 28 September 2021 5508:. 25 September 2021 5482:. 25 September 2021 5405:. 26 September 2021 5379:. 27 September 2021 5045:Perry Chiaramonte, 5034:"Leaundrea Manning" 4802:. 10 September 2010 4612:The Washington Post 4413:Wall Street Journal 3965:on 23 February 2008 3665:"What's In A Mile?" 3453:on 28 November 2014 3421:. Eur-lex.europa.eu 3018:Thelma & Louise 2901:They Drive by Night 2727:Hot plate or Barbie 2581:– a flatbed trailer 2522:piggy bank/cash box 2453:Freightliner Trucks 2352:– a male prostitute 2298:- police helicopter 2188:for use over their 2045:high blood pressure 1478:Idling restrictions 1252:associate professor 1065:Hazardous materials 872:Large Goods Vehicle 548:60th parallel north 499:intermodal stations 225:heavy goods vehicle 216:large goods vehicle 6694:10.1002/ajim.22293 6582:10.1002/ajim.20072 6356:10.1093/her/cyg030 6141:The New York Times 6061:Land Line Magazine 5934:on 12 August 2011. 5854:. Retrieved from: 5837:. Retrieved from: 5820:. Retrieved from: 5803:. Retrieved from: 5755:. Retrieved from: 5073:"SMS BASIC Scores" 4800:Insurance News Net 4558:(24 August 2000). 4556:Belzer, Michael H. 4313:Detroit Free Press 4285:Detroit Free Press 4117:Detroit Free Press 3527:on 7 February 2008 3399:. 28 November 2009 3324:pamdrivingjobs.com 3145:Self-driving truck 3084:reality television 3044:B. J. and the Bear 2896: 2876:In popular culture 2823: 2687:Clear to the river 2637: 2530:– a state highway 2280: 2247:companies such as 2165:Truck driver slang 2023: 2021:A Volvo FH12 truck 2002: 1861: 1851:Working conditions 1832:Werner Enterprises 1742:Satellite tracking 1026: 860:commercial vehicle 783:Percentage of load 730: 527: 469:Vocational drivers 428:Interstate drivers 418: 376:Dry bulk pneumatic 350: 301: 175: 173:in the Netherlands 6291:(12): 2125–2129. 5643:Occup Environ Med 4999:on 9 January 2012 4860:on 7 October 2018 4776:on 1 January 2008 4725:. Retrieved from 4583:978-0-19-512886-4 4013:on 4 January 2008 3081:documentary-style 3076:Ice Road Truckers 3049:television series 2821:A Volvo F12 truck 2665:- carrier of cars 2623: 2622: 2510:on your back door 2214:accelerator pedal 2102: 2101: 2097:15 September 1986 2067:at higher rates. 2053:sleep deprivation 1769:location tracking 1647:COVID-19 pandemic 1529:COVID-19 pandemic 1523:COVID-19 pandemic 1406: 1405: 1244:Michael H. Belzer 1190:State of Michigan 830:articulated buses 620:Unforeseen events 512:Hours regulations 161: 160: 153: 135: 16:(Redirected from 6987: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6888: 6880: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6817: 6806: 6800: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6772: 6754: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6705: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6660: 6652: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6601: 6593: 6565: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6510: 6501: 6500: 6494: 6486: 6476: 6444: 6435: 6434: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6386:. Archived from 6375: 6369: 6368: 6358: 6334: 6323: 6322: 6316: 6308: 6280: 6271: 6270: 6264: 6256: 6230: 6221: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6194: 6175: 6166: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6132: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5970: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5953:on 2 March 2011. 5949:. Archived from 5942: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5927:. Archived from 5926: 5917: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5893: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5865: 5859: 5848: 5842: 5831: 5825: 5814: 5808: 5797: 5786: 5771: 5760: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5666: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5593:. 24 August 2021 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5069: 5063: 5056: 5050: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5020:Yvette Killian, 5018: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4989: 4983: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4931: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4906: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4859: 4853:. 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Archived from 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4107: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4059: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3913: 3908: 3906: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3889:on 17 April 2016 3888: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3853: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3696: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3660: 3654: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3597:Business Insider 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3452: 3445: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3356:on 23 March 2015 3352:. Archived from 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3286: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3185: 3168: 3161: 3114: 3112:Transport portal 3109: 3108: 2911:White Line Fever 2802:Visual signaling 2755:Transport Safety 2745:Revenue Straight 2677:- Non recap tyre 2478:– parked on the 2268:alligator/'gator 2260: 2199:standard English 2176:List of CB slang 2140:Great Depression 2080: 2049:high cholesterol 1765:fleet management 1761:trailer tracking 1757:vehicle tracking 1737: 1722: 1707: 1687: 1627:freight exchange 1575:Hours of Service 1558:(SMS) using the 1401: 1398: 1392: 1385:factual accuracy 1377: 1376: 1369: 1315: 1206:Unpaid work time 1193:defeated in the 808:Special licences 796:Paid by the hour 670:hours of service 660:Hours of service 544:seating capacity 505:Bullrack drivers 495:cargo containers 422:Regional drivers 285:customer service 156: 149: 145: 142: 136: 134: 93: 69: 61: 21: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6960: 6959: 6938:- slideshow by 6927: 6922: 6921: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6886: 6882: 6881: 6874: 6864: 6862: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6833:Black, Thomas. 6832: 6831: 6827: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6799:(9), 1022-1027. 6790: 6786: 6737:(10): e038993. 6724: 6723: 6719: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6653: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6594: 6567: 6566: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6512: 6511: 6504: 6487: 6446: 6445: 6438: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6393: 6391: 6378:Levy, Steward. 6377: 6376: 6372: 6336: 6335: 6326: 6309: 6282: 6281: 6274: 6257: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6207: 6197: 6195: 6177: 6176: 6169: 6159: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6134: 6133: 6122: 6112: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6039: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6027: 6017: 6015: 6010: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5924: 5919: 5918: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5894: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5849: 5845: 5832: 5828: 5815: 5811: 5798: 5789: 5772: 5763: 5750: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5728: 5721: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5690: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5591:Financial Times 5585: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5540: 5538: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5459: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5334:ReturnLoads.net 5328: 5327: 5323: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5057: 5053: 5044: 5040: 5032: 5028: 5019: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4980:Wayback Machine 4973:Dot job history 4971: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4831: 4829: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4720: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4673:. August 2011. 4665: 4664: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4604: 4593: 4589: 4574: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4505:Morning Edition 4499: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4384: 4377: 4375: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4267:. 15 June 2015. 4256: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4223: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4109: 4108: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3923: 3909: 3899: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3811:Pilot Logistics 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3775:2012 BLS report 3773: 3769: 3763:alltrucking.com 3761: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3288: 3287: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3171: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3110: 3103: 3100: 3071:History Channel 3000:The Transporter 2906:popular culture 2884: 2878: 2869: 2845: 2835:truck drivers. 2828: 2815: 2809: 2804: 2729:– weigh station 2647:Bandag band-aid 2629: 2624: 2585:taking pictures 2296:bear in the air 2210:police officers 2178: 2172: 2167: 2096: 2078: 2073: 2040: 2007: 1990: 1909: 1889: 1853: 1848: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1723: 1720: 1708: 1705: 1688: 1685: 1651:U.K. government 1612: 1610:Driver shortage 1607: 1583: 1543: 1537: 1525: 1516: 1503: 1480: 1443: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1382:This section's 1378: 1374: 1367: 1316: 1311: 1292: 1283: 1217: 1208: 1203: 1195:Michigan Senate 1102: 1097: 980: 974: 901:Large vehicles: 868: 853: 815: 810: 798: 785: 722: 720:Pay by the mile 699: 666: 658:Main articles: 656: 631: 588:‘Multi-manning’ 570: 564: 539: 519: 514: 491:Drayage drivers 406:Household goods 342: 327:Company drivers 309:Owner-operators 293: 249: 157: 146: 140: 137: 94: 92: 82: 70: 59: 52: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6993: 6991: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6962: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6933: 6926: 6925:External links 6923: 6920: 6919: 6898: 6872: 6847: 6825: 6801: 6784: 6717: 6668: 6627:(2): 180–184. 6609: 6576:(5): 463–471. 6557: 6531: 6502: 6459:(3): 428–436. 6436: 6417:(10): 42–436. 6401: 6390:on 3 July 2012 6370: 6349:(3): 306–315. 6324: 6272: 6239:(2): 122–143. 6205: 6167: 6153: 6120: 6109:. The Atlantic 6097: 6074: 6047: 6025: 6003: 5981: 5956: 5937: 5909: 5897:"ScienceDaily" 5885: 5860: 5843: 5826: 5809: 5787: 5761: 5744: 5719: 5700: 5689:. Medscape.com 5678: 5629: 5617:Driver Require 5604: 5578: 5548: 5519: 5493: 5467: 5441: 5416: 5390: 5364: 5339: 5321: 5307: 5281: 5256: 5244: 5221: 5199: 5176: 5165:. FreightWaves 5153: 5130: 5108: 5086: 5064: 5051: 5038: 5026: 5010: 4984: 4965: 4943: 4918: 4893: 4871: 4839: 4813: 4787: 4761: 4731: 4711: 4693: 4655: 4625: 4616: 4602: 4587: 4572: 4547: 4522: 4487: 4459: 4433: 4399: 4352: 4326: 4298: 4270: 4245: 4211: 4183: 4156: 4130: 4099: 4077: 4046: 4024: 3998: 3976: 3950: 3921: 3912:|journal= 3868: 3840: 3828:truckerexperts 3815: 3803: 3791: 3779: 3767: 3755: 3743: 3731: 3719: 3707: 3682: 3671:on 5 June 2002 3655: 3644: 3630: 3610: 3582: 3560: 3538: 3512: 3490: 3479:. 27 July 2014 3464: 3432: 3410: 3388: 3367: 3341: 3311: 3278: 3256: 3231: 3206: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3125:Road transport 3122: 3116: 3115: 3099: 3096: 3067:Frank Converse 2974:interplanetary 2969:Space Truckers 2877: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2844: 2841: 2827: 2824: 2811:Main article: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2792: 2789:animal freight 2782: 2776: 2758: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2711:Flash for cash 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2681:Clear to Jolls 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2657:Highway Patrol 2650: 2649:- Retread tyre 2644: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2609: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2560: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2525: 2524:– a toll plaza 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2396: 2390: 2387:county mountie 2384: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2322:– local police 2317: 2311: 2308:blinkin winkin 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2258: 2174:Main article: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2100: 2099: 2089: 2088: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2039: 2036: 2006: 2003: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1980: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1908: 1905: 1888: 1885: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1811:display screen 1804:bill of lading 1743: 1740: 1733: 1718: 1703: 1683: 1674:market failure 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1582: 1579: 1569:(ISS) and the 1536: 1533: 1524: 1521: 1515: 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24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6992: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6970:Truck drivers 6968: 6967: 6965: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6908: 6902: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6885: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6848: 6836: 6829: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6814: 6805: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6788: 6785: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6721: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6688:(6): 615–26. 6687: 6683: 6679: 6672: 6669: 6664: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6621: 6613: 6610: 6605: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6498: 6492: 6484: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6411:AAOHN Journal 6405: 6402: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6374: 6371: 6366: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6320: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6268: 6262: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6193: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6165:(6), 615-626. 6164: 6157: 6154: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6108: 6101: 6098: 6085: 6078: 6075: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6035: 6029: 6026: 6013: 6007: 6004: 5992: 5985: 5982: 5967: 5960: 5957: 5952: 5948: 5941: 5938: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5870: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5732: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5715: 5711: 5704: 5701: 5688: 5682: 5679: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5649:(7): 516–20. 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5630: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5579: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5549: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5494: 5481: 5477: 5471: 5468: 5456: 5452: 5445: 5442: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5391: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5340: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5322: 5317: 5311: 5308: 5296:. 1 June 2019 5295: 5291: 5285: 5282: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5245: 5232: 5225: 5222: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5187: 5180: 5177: 5164: 5157: 5154: 5141: 5134: 5131: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5011: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4969: 4966: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4928: 4922: 4919: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4882:. 2 July 2002 4881: 4875: 4872: 4856: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4775: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4643: 4636: 4629: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4573:0-19-512886-9 4569: 4565: 4562:(Hardcover). 4561: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4535: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4498: 4491: 4488: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4463: 4460: 4448: 4444: 4437: 4434: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4388:cite magazine 4373: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4356: 4353: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4327: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4299: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4212: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4187: 4184: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4157: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4131: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4065: 4064: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3938: 3937:fmcsa.dot.gov 3934: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3904: 3885: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3857: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3751:jobmonkey.com 3747: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3708: 3693: 3686: 3683: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3648: 3645: 3633: 3631:9780393608717 3627: 3623: 3622: 3614: 3611: 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2825: 2819: 2814: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2779:Tanker Wanker 2777: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2761:Sesame Street 2759: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2591:tanker yanker 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2537:plain wrapper 2535: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2476:in the middle 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2449:Freightshaker 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413:draggin wagon 2411: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2399:double-nickel 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2382:chicken coops 2379: 2378:weigh station 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2284:All locked up 2282: 2281: 2276: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2244: 2242: 2239:Most of the " 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109:Ronald Reagan 2107: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2082: 2081: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1968: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1857: 1850: 1846:Health issues 1845: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1763:to assist in 1762: 1758: 1755: 1749: 1741: 1732: 1727: 1717: 1713: 1706:XPO Logistics 1702: 1697: 1695: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1522: 1520: 1514:False reports 1513: 1511: 1508: 1501:DAC Reporting 1500: 1498: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1400: 1388: 1386: 1380: 1371: 1370: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1289: 1287: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1212: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 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