587:
579:
185:
92:
38:
571:
1107:
310:
1103:
306:
3253:
651:) onto the surface of the wound as a protective measure to seal the opening, resist exposure to micro-organisms and insects, and prevent vital sap loss. Harvesters wounded trees in V-shaped streaks down the length of the trunks to channel the crude turpentine into containers. It was then collected and processed into spirits of turpentine. Crude turpentine yield may be increased by as much as 40% by applying
559:
3263:
1108:
311:
692:
The pine trees of North
Carolina were well suited to camphine production. The business also provided additional need for slaves as production expanded. Backwoods became more productive. Slaves were often leased in winter when agriculture was slower. The value of many was protected by
1106:
309:
1266:
1981:
684:
were used to score the trees, collect and process the sap. Historian Jeremy B. Zallen describes this as industrial slavery, which was different from the more common instance of slaves in agriculture. By the 1840s
1806:
822:. The average yield of crude sulfate turpentine is 5–10 kg/t pulp. Unless burned at the mill for energy production, sulfate turpentine may require additional treatment measures to remove traces of
1975:
1124:
327:
1498:
1180:
1000:, a very harsh purgative, had formerly been used for stubborn constipation or impaction. They were also given punitively to political dissenters in post-independence Argentina.
2170:
1884:"Ribbons and Rituals". In "Problems in Modern Latin American History". Ed. Chasteen and Wood. Oxford, UK: Scholarly Resources, 2005. p. 97, ISBN 9781442218598 and 9781442218604
661:
The V-shaped cuts are called "catfaces" for their resemblance to a cat's whiskers. These marks on a pine tree indicate it was used to collect resin for turpentine production.
44:
1739:
1337:
1109:
312:
786:
is commonly used so fresh naphtha first contacts wood leached in previous stages and naphtha laden with turpentine from previous stages contacts fresh wood before
1549:
647:
To tap into the sap producing layers of the tree, harvesters used a series of hacks to remove the pine bark. Once debarked, pine trees secrete crude turpentine (
1798:
1172:
1709:
1067:
iodine to "drive the iodine into the tissue", or perhaps just impress the watching customer with a spectacular treatment (a dense cloud of purple smoke).
1634:. Papermaking Science and Technology. Vol. 3. Finland: Fapet Oy : Published in cooperation with the Finnish Paper Engineers' Association and
1055:
2163:
1954:
1928:
1131:
334:
847:, and as a raw material for the chemical industry. Its use as a solvent in industrialized nations has largely been replaced by the much cheaper
1160:
when ingested, among other things. Ingestion can cause burning sensations, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, convulsions, diarrhea,
3267:
1179:) for turpentine exposure in the workplace as 100 ppm (560 mg/m) over an 8-hour workday. The same threshold was adopted by the
931:, which are two of the chief chemical components of turpentine. These pinenes are separated and purified by distillation. The mixture of
3324:
3256:
2156:
1864:
986:
1046:
motorcycles, first manufactured in 1946, ran on a blend of gasoline and turpentine, due to the scarcity of gasoline in Japan following
1354:
2081:
1835:
1643:
1379:
1322:
1295:
586:
3314:
1731:
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1776:
1064:
1206:
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721:
2110:
2056:
378:
3289:
2137:
2026:
907:
Turpentine is also used as a source of raw materials in the synthesis of fragrant chemical compounds. Commercially used
511:
of the Greek word, which means "resin") of an adjective (τερεβίνθινος) derived from the Greek noun (τερέβινθος) for the
142:
1676:
1557:
3299:
163:
24:
790:
to recover naphtha from the turpentine. Leached wood is steamed for additional naphtha recovery prior to burning for
1996:
1899:
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1184:
1176:
698:
3304:
2179:
1262:
1117:
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320:
99:
1701:
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357:
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left them without manpower to collect and process turpentine. The camps were flammable. Many were burned in
2787:
2335:
1028:(a mix of alcohol and turpentine) served as the dominant lamp fuels replacing whale oil until the advent of
87:
3329:
3213:
2670:
1396:
1153:
977:
Turpentine, now understood to be dangerous for consumption, was a common medicine among seamen during the
783:
578:
1236:– a water-resistant leather curried after tanning with a birch oil distillate similar to turpentine
3158:
2824:
2722:
2305:
1950:
1492:
1212:
848:
1920:
1702:"100 years ago, a train carrying Spanish flu pulled into Calgary. Within weeks, Alberta was in crisis"
3319:
2894:
2752:
2727:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2285:
1165:
956:
2537:
2507:
2497:
990:
787:
180:
59:
879:, was burned in lamps with glass chimneys in the 1830s through the 1860s. Turpentine blended with
2834:
2742:
2486:
2362:
1460:
1441:
982:
744:
705:
was also available, but used by the upper classes. Camphine was the fuel of the average family.
527:
519:
508:
1688:
A turpentine and hot water, and , and put it on their chest and back. --Elsie Miller (nee Smith)
1287:
1280:
755:
remains in the still bottoms after turpentine has been distilled out. Such turpentine is called
770:
of pine wood, such as shredded pine stumps, roots, and slash, using the light end of the heavy
37:
2757:
2737:
2481:
2426:
1772:
1760:
1639:
1480:
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1375:
1350:
1318:
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725:
523:
434:
1856:
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2250:
1472:
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1342:
1145:
978:
811:
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608:
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570:
550:
part thereof, namely oil (spirit) of turpentine; the later usage is much more common today.
535:
276:
202:
151:
3309:
3168:
3089:
2854:
2766:
2606:
2448:
2367:
2133:
2077:
1827:
1221:
1033:
896:
791:
680:. The trees were scored with a ledge called a "box" to collect the sap. Large numbers of
640:
634:
492:
69:
184:
91:
3233:
3199:
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3031:
2799:
2702:
2527:
2471:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2384:
2325:
2212:
2187:
1233:
883:
was known as burning fluid. Both were used as domestic lamp fuels, gradually replacing
694:
669:
614:
596:
518:
Although the word originally referred to the resinous exudate of terebinth trees (e.g.
500:
372:
1255:
974:
still contain turpentine in their formulations, although not as an active ingredient.
3283:
3208:
2989:
2964:
2909:
2665:
2634:
2461:
2456:
2357:
2300:
1767:
Over the edge of the world : Magellan's terrifying circumnavigation of the globe
1550:"Catfaces: Totems of Georgia's Turpentiners | Daily Yonder | Keep It Rural"
1060:
968:
880:
819:
815:
619:
563:
265:
255:
131:
80:
1732:"DailyMed - VICKS VAPORUB (camphor- synthetic, eucalyptus oil, and menthol ointment"
1414:"Natural Resins of Art and Archaeology Their Sources, Chemistry, and Identification"
3238:
3223:
3062:
2984:
2874:
2819:
2814:
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2581:
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1157:
1047:
1037:
924:
892:
864:
856:
775:
713:
665:
547:
472:
445:
418:
774:
fraction (boiling between 90 and 115 °C or 195 and 240 °F) from a crude
3114:
3004:
2999:
2974:
2957:
2947:
2938:
2804:
2655:
2550:
2290:
1161:
928:
628:
465:
449:
346:
3084:
3079:
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3019:
3009:
2979:
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2809:
2697:
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2406:
2352:
2315:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2229:
2205:
2143:
2102:
2048:
1597:
1512:
1010:
964:
936:
709:
558:
224:
2148:
2018:
1668:
1484:
1437:
1346:
3163:
3014:
2884:
2859:
2747:
2732:
2712:
2571:
2502:
2492:
2389:
2379:
2310:
2295:
2260:
1071:
1021:
971:
932:
916:
884:
852:
803:
689:(also spelled camphene) became one of the dominant lamp fuels in the US.
655:
648:
539:
512:
476:
20:
1476:
1009:
Turpentine is also added to many cleaning and sanitary products due to its
2904:
2869:
2777:
2762:
2660:
2616:
2601:
2591:
2576:
2566:
2320:
2245:
2080:. International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization.
1895:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1086:
1029:
1025:
1017:
952:
920:
912:
888:
876:
702:
686:
677:
652:
461:
457:
333:
326:
319:
292:
1148:
solvent, turpentine's vapour can irritate the skin and eyes, damage the
3146:
3141:
3131:
3104:
3024:
2924:
2889:
2879:
2864:
2621:
2532:
2401:
2396:
2275:
1445:
1413:
1227:
1200:
908:
860:
844:
771:
531:
441:
430:
118:
100:
2049:"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Turpentine - Symptoms"
672:
were tapped for sap which was doubly distilled to make turpentine and
3189:
3173:
3151:
3136:
3099:
3057:
3052:
2952:
2707:
2611:
2280:
2240:
823:
748:
479:
distillates – although the constituent chemicals are very different.
453:
1429:
763:
may also refer to crude turpentine, which may cause some confusion.
371:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1461:"Larch (Venice) Turpentine from Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)"
19:
This article is about oil of turpentine. For crude turpentine, see
3119:
2994:
2914:
2899:
2846:
2596:
2555:
2347:
2225:
2200:
1799:"Home Remedies - American Memory Timeline- Classroom Presentation"
1635:
1584:
American
Lucifers: The Dark History of Artificial Light, 1750-1865
1149:
1043:
1024:. It produced a bright light but had a strong odour. Camphine and
997:
940:
840:
752:
681:
673:
594:
Important pines for turpentine production include: maritime pine (
585:
577:
569:
557:
543:
496:
422:
939:
that is left as residue after turpentine distillation is sold as
3126:
3109:
3094:
2339:
1188:
960:
814:, sulfate turpentine may be condensed from the gas generated in
807:
426:
245:
2152:
2934:
2639:
2195:
2140:
INCHEM Turpentine classification, hazard, and property table.
1187:(REL). At levels of 800 ppm (4480 mg/m3), turpentine is
1896:"Reminiscences of New York By an Octogenarian (1816 - 1860)"
566:" in use on turpentine trees in Northern Florida, circa 1936
168:
2103:"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Turpentine"
967:, as a chest rub or inhaler for nasal and throat ailments.
2144:
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to
Chemical Hazards - Turpentine
1398:
1101:
712:, turpentine producers were cut off from major markets.
574:
Chipping a turpentine tree in
Georgia (US), circa 1906–20
304:
839:
As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based
1586:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
1317:(Eighth Edition) Van Nostrand Reinhold Company (1983)
1016:
In early 19th-century
America, spirits of turpentine (
1181:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1070:
Turpentine was added extensively into gin during the
1063:
describes the use of the reaction of turpentine with
993:. This is dangerous, due to the chemical's toxicity.
701:
became a center of the camphine industry. In cities,
2019:"When gin was full of sulphuric acid and turpentine"
1217:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1203: – Resin of turpentine obtained from pine trees
45:
3182:
3045:
2933:
2845:
2630:
2546:
2447:
2334:
2221:
2186:
1401:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 579.
1085:
1764:
1279:
1230: – Greek wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin
1224:– over-the-counter "proprietary" medications
989:. Taken internally it was used as a treatment for
1497:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1282:The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques
1209:– a historic site in Willacoochee, Georgia
1020:) was burned in lamps as a cheap alternative to
981:. It was one of several products carried aboard
736:Converting crude turpentine to oil of turpentine
130:
1105:
766:Turpentine may alternatively be extracted from
590:Turpentine distillery at Manlyn, North Carolina
507:, in turn the feminine form (to conform to the
308:
68:
1338:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
743:collected from the trees may be evaporated by
2164:
1173:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
959:for abrasions and wounds, as a treatment for
951:Turpentine and petroleum distillates such as
8:
1669:"Surviving 'The Spanish Lady' (Spanish flu)"
1372:The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology
1286:(Fifth ed.). New York: Viking. p.
1267:Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1164:, unconsciousness, respiratory failure, and
2171:
2157:
2149:
183:
90:
29:
1577:
1575:
1315:Riegel's Handbook of Industrial Chemistry
150:
1251:
1249:
1189:immediately dangerous to life and health
1412:Mills, John S.; White, Raymond (1977).
1245:
1152:and respiratory system, as well as the
867:has long been used as a furniture wax.
664:Turpentine (and rosin) are produced as
179:
1712:from the original on December 29, 2018
1675:. 2003-04-10. Event occurs at 03:20.
1534:
1532:
1490:
1156:when inhaled, and cause damage to the
1082:
433:, it is also a source of material for
365:220 °C (428 °F; 493 K)
270:154 °C (309 °F; 427 K)
260:−55 °C (−67 °F; 218 K)
81:
1984:from the original on 13 February 2021
1309:
1307:
7:
3262:
429:. Principally used as a specialized
425:harvested from living trees, mainly
351:35 °C (95 °F; 308 K)
987:first circumnavigation of the globe
121:
1863:. Biology-Online. 7 October 2019.
1700:Sarah Rieger (December 29, 2018).
14:
2029:from the original on 19 July 2018
1013:properties and its "clean scent".
3261:
3252:
3251:
1931:from the original on 10 May 2019
1175:(OSHA) has set the legal limit (
214:
36:
16:Liquid distilled from pine resin
2113:from the original on 2015-12-08
2084:from the original on 2006-04-27
2059:from the original on 2015-12-08
1957:from the original on 2009-04-28
1902:from the original on 2008-07-24
1867:from the original on 2019-04-21
1838:from the original on 2006-04-27
1809:from the original on 2017-02-07
1742:from the original on 2021-05-05
1679:from the original on 2020-08-07
1630:Stenius, Per, ed. (2000). "2".
859:. A solution of turpentine and
538:(e.g. Venice turpentine is the
375:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2017:Rohrer, Finlo (28 July 2014).
923:are all usually produced from
875:Spirits of turpentine, called
782:. Multi-stage counter-current
208:
1:
1992:– via www.amazon.co.uk.
1548:Prizer, Tom (June 11, 2010).
1341:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2002.
830:Industrial and other end uses
444:, primarily the monoterpenes
417:) is a fluid obtained by the
1459:Mahood, S. A. (1921-03-01).
1374:. New York: Harper Collins.
1215: – part of shipbuilding
778:. Such turpentine is called
530:), it now refers to that of
43:Turpentine distilled at the
1805:. The Library of Congress.
1207:McCranie's Turpentine Still
955:and kerosene, were used in
903:Source of organic compounds
676:(aka resin)–hence the name
668:. Pine trees especially in
25:turpentine (disambiguation)
3346:
3325:Non-timber forest products
2180:Non-timber forest products
1185:recommended exposure limit
1177:permissible exposure limit
1059:, veterinarian and author
708:Zallen reports that after
440:Turpentine is composed of
18:
3247:
1861:Biology-Online Dictionary
1632:Forest Products Chemistry
1395:Skeat, Walter W. (1882).
1263:GESTIS Substance Database
1096:
582:"Cat face" on a pine tree
452:, with lesser amounts of
369:
286:
195:
52:
47:as it was done circa 1900
35:
1828:"ICSC 1063 - TURPENTINE"
1803:American Memory Timeline
1370:Barnhart, R. K. (1995).
1347:10.1002/14356007.a24_437
802:When producing chemical
768:destructive distillation
718:William Tecumseh Sherman
3315:Terpenes and terpenoids
1977:If Only They Could Talk
1602:Encyclopedia Britannica
1582:Zallen, Jeremy (2019).
1479:(inactive 2024-09-12).
1418:Studies in Conservation
1056:If Only They Could Talk
638:), and ponderosa pine (
3194:(Iberian agroforestry)
2432:Pacific mountain onion
1921:"The "Whale Oil Myth""
1154:central nervous system
1112:
963:, and when mixed with
899:began to predominate.
849:turpentine substitutes
591:
583:
575:
567:
393:(which is also called
315:
23:. For other uses, see
3214:Indian forest produce
2685:Hydnocarpus wightiana
1997:"James Herriot Books"
1278:Mayer, Ralph (1991).
1213:Naval stores industry
1111:
658:to the exposed wood.
589:
581:
573:
561:
314:
3295:Hydrocarbon solvents
2457:Bare-toothed russula
1894:Charles H. Haswell.
1736:dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
1477:10.1093/jof/19.3.274
991:intestinal parasites
985:'s fleet during the
471:Substitutes include
395:spirit of turpentine
297:(fire diamond)
3290:Household chemicals
3068:musical instruments
2326:Woodland strawberry
1953:. Smokeriders.com.
1620:Kent pp.571&572
1465:Journal of Forestry
788:vacuum distillation
413:and, colloquially,
277:Solubility in water
232: g·mol
32:
3300:Painting materials
1927:. 20 August 2008.
1857:"Turpentine enema"
1638:. pp. 73–76.
1166:chemical pneumonia
1113:
1091:safety square
983:Ferdinand Magellan
798:Sulfate turpentine
745:steam distillation
626:), loblolly pine (
612:), Sumatran pine (
606:), Masson's pine (
592:
584:
576:
568:
528:Persian turpentine
379:Infobox references
316:
30:
3277:
3276:
1771:. HarperCollins.
1761:Laurence Bergreen
1142:
1141:
524:Cyprus turpentine
503:word τερεβινθίνη
435:organic syntheses
399:oil of turpentine
387:Chemical compound
385:
384:
164:CompTox Dashboard
3337:
3305:Patent medicines
3265:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3229:Resin extraction
3219:Mushroom hunting
3195:
2941: / etc.
2795:
2688:
2523:Saffron milk cap
2513:Parasol mushroom
2353:Fiddlehead ferns
2173:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1994:, summarised at
1993:
1991:
1989:
1980:. 28 June 2012.
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1770:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:on July 26, 2015
1556:. Archived from
1545:
1539:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1488:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1332:
1326:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1253:
1218:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1104:
1083:
979:Age of Discovery
843:, for producing
812:coniferous trees
741:Crude turpentine
609:Pinus massoniana
603:Pinus halepensis
600:), Aleppo pine (
536:crude turpentine
520:Chios turpentine
336:
329:
322:
307:
231:
216:
210:
203:Chemical formula
188:
187:
172:
170:
154:
134:
123:
102:
94:
83:
72:
40:
33:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3243:
3193:
3178:
3169:Vegetable ivory
3041:
2929:
2841:
2789:
2682:
2644:
2626:
2560:
2542:
2508:Oyster mushroom
2498:Meadow mushroom
2443:
2427:Twincrest onion
2330:
2234:
2217:
2188:Animal products
2182:
2177:
2130:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1951:"Honda History"
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1919:
1918:
1914:
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1573:
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1554:dailyyonder.com
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1489:
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1430:10.2307/1505670
1411:
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1394:
1393:
1389:
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1369:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1334:
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1329:
1313:Kent, James A.
1312:
1305:
1298:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1222:Patent medicine
1216:
1197:
1183:(NIOSH) as the
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1089:
1081:
1034:electric lights
1006:
949:
917:alpha-terpineol
905:
897:electric lights
873:
837:
832:
800:
792:energy recovery
780:wood turpentine
738:
641:Pinus ponderosa
635:Pinus elliottii
632:), slash pine (
624:Pinus palustris
556:
509:feminine gender
485:
388:
381:
376:
362:
359:
341:
340:
339:
338:
331:
324:
317:
313:
305:
279:
240:Viscous liquid
229:
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173:
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137:
124:
112:
75:
62:
48:
41:
28:
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12:
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5:
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3259:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3234:Rubber tapping
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:Forest farming
3197:
3186:
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2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2836:Vateria indica
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:Shorea robusta
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2760:
2755:
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2745:
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2544:
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2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:Honey mushroom
2479:
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2469:
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2459:
2453:
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2445:
2444:
2442:
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2439:
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2414:
2404:
2399:
2394:
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2387:
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2375:
2365:
2363:Mahuwa flowers
2360:
2355:
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2329:
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2161:
2153:
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2129:
2128:External links
2126:
2124:
2123:
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2009:
1967:
1942:
1912:
1886:
1877:
1848:
1832:www.inchem.org
1819:
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1471:(3): 274–282.
1451:
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1362:
1356:978-3527306732
1355:
1327:
1303:
1296:
1270:
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1238:
1237:
1234:Russia leather
1231:
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904:
901:
872:
869:
851:obtained from
836:
833:
831:
828:
799:
796:
761:gum turpentine
757:gum turpentine
751:still. Molten
737:
734:
695:life insurance
670:North Carolina
615:Pinus merkusii
597:Pinus pinaster
555:
552:
534:trees, namely
484:
481:
386:
383:
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377:
373:standard state
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3330:Wood extracts
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3311:
3308:
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3298:
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3212:
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3209:Honey hunting
3207:
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3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
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3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
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2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Coconut sugar
2963:
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2801:
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2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
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2689:
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2679:
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2669:
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2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
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2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
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2629:
2623:
2620:
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2613:
2610:
2608:
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2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
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2588:
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2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2538:Yellow knight
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Slippery jack
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
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2383:
2382:
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2370:
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2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Heart of palm
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:Edible plants
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Juniper berry
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
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2249:
2247:
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2239:
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2236:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2151:
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2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2058:
2054:
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2041:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
1998:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1930:
1926:
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1916:
1913:
1901:
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1794:
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1696:
1693:
1689:
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1664:
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1655:
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1647:
1645:952-5216-03-9
1641:
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1603:
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1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
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1400:
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1391:
1388:
1383:
1381:0-06-270084-7
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1331:
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1324:
1323:0-442-20164-8
1320:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:0-670-83701-6
1293:
1289:
1284:
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1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1250:
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1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
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1198:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:NFPA 704
1084:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:James Herriot
1058:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:burning fluid
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:folk medicine
954:
947:Folk medicine
946:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
902:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:grain alcohol
878:
870:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
834:
829:
827:
825:
821:
817:
816:Kraft process
813:
809:
805:
797:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
690:
688:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
659:
657:
654:
650:
645:
643:
642:
637:
636:
631:
630:
625:
621:
620:longleaf pine
617:
616:
611:
610:
605:
604:
599:
598:
588:
580:
572:
565:
560:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
491:derives (via
490:
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474:
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463:
459:
455:
451:
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438:
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396:
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380:
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337:
330:
323:
299:
296:
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291:
290:
285:
281:
278:
274:
273:
269:
267:
266:Boiling point
264:
263:
259:
257:
256:Melting point
254:
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244:
243:
239:
236:
235:
228:
226:
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222:
207:
204:
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186:
182:
181:DTXSID6027680
178:
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160:
153:
149:
148:
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144:
141:
140:
133:
129:
128:
126:
120:
116:
115:
108:
107:
105:
103:
98:
97:
93:
89:
86:
84:
82:ECHA InfoCard
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
64:
61:
57:
56:
51:
46:
39:
34:
26:
22:
3266:
3239:Wildcrafting
3224:Naval stores
3202: /
3190:
3159:Tendu leaves
3115:Natural dyes
2985:Gutta-percha
2937: /
2919:
2875:Frankincense
2835:
2791:
2748:Mango butter
2693:Cocoa butter
2684:
2681:Chaulmoogra
2651:Allanblackia
2582:Black pepper
2467:Birch bolete
2417:Canada onion
2402:Wild ginseng
2397:Saw palmetto
2338: /
2228: /
2115:. Retrieved
2106:
2097:
2086:. Retrieved
2078:"Turpentine"
2072:
2061:. Retrieved
2052:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2022:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1986:. Retrieved
1976:
1970:
1959:. Retrieved
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1925:PBS NewsHour
1924:
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1869:. Retrieved
1860:
1851:
1840:. Retrieved
1831:
1822:
1811:. Retrieved
1802:
1793:
1782:. Retrieved
1766:
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1716:December 29,
1714:. Retrieved
1705:
1695:
1687:
1681:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1654:
1631:
1625:
1616:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:
1598:"Turpentine"
1592:
1583:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1553:
1543:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:
1513:"Turpentine"
1507:
1493:cite journal
1468:
1464:
1454:
1424:(1): 12–31.
1421:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1390:
1371:
1365:
1336:
1335:"Solvents".
1330:
1314:
1281:
1273:
1257:
1170:
1158:renal system
1143:
1090:
1054:
1053:In his book
1048:World War II
1038:gas lighting
995:
976:
950:
925:alpha-pinene
906:
893:gas lighting
874:
865:carnauba wax
857:white spirit
838:
801:
779:
776:oil refinery
765:
760:
756:
739:
714:Emancipation
707:
703:gas lighting
691:
666:naval stores
663:
660:
646:
639:
633:
627:
623:
613:
607:
601:
595:
593:
564:Herty system
554:Source trees
548:volatile oil
517:
505:terebinthine
504:
488:
486:
473:white spirit
470:
439:
419:distillation
414:
411:terebinthine
410:
407:terebenthene
406:
403:terebenthine
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
358:Autoignition
293:
53:Identifiers
3320:Papermaking
3174:Willow bark
3005:Maple syrup
3000:Maple sugar
2975:Fruit syrup
2958:chewing gum
2948:Birch syrup
2805:Shea butter
2477:Chanterelle
2422:Crow garlic
2412:Bear garlic
2407:Wild onions
2385:filé powder
2306:Lingonberry
2291:Huckleberry
2107:www.cdc.gov
2053:www.cdc.gov
1162:tachycardia
996:Turpentine
937:triterpenes
929:beta-pinene
826:compounds.
759:. The term
629:Pinus taeda
499:) from the
466:terpinolene
450:beta-pinene
360:temperature
347:Flash point
237:Appearance
196:Properties
88:100.029.407
31:Turpentine
3284:Categories
3085:Birch beer
3080:Birch bark
3037:Spruce gum
3020:akpeteshie
3010:Palm sugar
2980:Gum arabic
2970:Date sugar
2920:Turpentine
2800:Sandalwood
2703:Eucalyptus
2698:Eucalyptol
2587:Brazil nut
2462:Bay bolete
2316:Strawberry
2271:Cocoa bean
2266:Breadfruit
2256:Blackberry
2230:tree fruit
2134:Inchem.org
2117:2015-11-27
2088:2006-04-02
2063:2015-11-27
1961:2009-09-17
1906:2008-10-07
1871:2019-12-26
1842:2006-04-02
1813:2017-02-06
1784:2009-09-14
1778:0066211735
1746:2021-05-05
1683:2018-12-29
1658:Kent p.572
1607:2022-05-16
1538:Kent p.571
1522:2022-03-02
1517:Britannica
1258:Turpentine
1256:Record of
1241:References
1065:resublimed
1011:antiseptic
1004:Niche uses
972:chest rubs
965:animal fat
933:diterpenes
784:extraction
710:Ft. Sumter
699:Wilmington
656:herbicides
546:), or the
532:coniferous
489:turpentine
391:Turpentine
225:Molar mass
152:XJ6RUH0O4G
60:CAS Number
3204:gardening
3164:Thatching
3015:Palm wine
2860:Birch tar
2788:Sal-seed
2713:Japan wax
2666:Candlenut
2607:Malva nut
2572:Areca nut
2493:Matsutake
2449:Mushrooms
2390:root beer
2380:Sassafras
2368:Sago palm
2311:Raspberry
2296:Jackfruit
2261:Blueberry
2213:Wild game
2033:2 January
1485:0022-1201
1438:0039-3630
1072:Gin Craze
1022:whale oil
885:whale oil
853:petroleum
845:varnishes
820:digesters
810:or other
804:wood pulp
730:Goldsboro
649:oleoresin
540:oleoresin
513:terebinth
487:The word
483:Etymology
477:petroleum
475:or other
250:Resinous
109:232-688-5
101:EC Number
70:9005-90-7
21:oleoresin
3257:Category
3073:textiles
2905:Pine tar
2870:Creosote
2820:Tea-tree
2815:Tea-seed
2783:Pongamia
2773:Phulwara
2758:Nagkesar
2753:Murumuru
2728:Kpangnan
2676:Carnauba
2617:Pine nut
2602:Hazelnut
2592:Cinnamon
2577:Bay leaf
2567:Allspice
2489:(reishi)
2321:Tamarind
2286:Gambooge
2246:Bilberry
2111:Archived
2082:Archived
2057:Archived
2027:Archived
2023:BBC News
1982:Archived
1955:Archived
1935:25 March
1929:Archived
1900:Archived
1865:Archived
1836:Archived
1807:Archived
1763:(2003).
1740:Archived
1710:Archived
1706:CBC News
1677:Archived
1673:CBC News
1195:See also
1030:kerosene
1018:camphine
953:coal oil
921:geraniol
913:linalool
889:kerosene
887:, until
877:camphine
871:Lighting
855:such as
726:Savannah
687:camphine
678:tar heel
653:paraquat
462:limonene
458:camphene
442:terpenes
294:NFPA 704
287:Hazards
282:20 mg/L
132:48418114
3268:Commons
3183:Related
3147:Tanbark
3142:Shellac
3132:Quinine
3105:Gambier
3025:ogogoro
2925:Varnish
2890:Lacquer
2880:Gamboge
2865:Camphor
2855:Benzoin
2765: (
2671:Capuacu
2656:Babassu
2622:Vanilla
2533:Truffle
2518:Red cap
2487:Lingzhi
2276:Coconut
2251:Binukaw
2226:Berries
2002:28 June
1988:28 June
1564:June 5,
1446:1505670
1265:of the
1261:in the
1228:Retsina
1201:Galipot
1146:organic
1079:Hazards
909:camphor
861:beeswax
835:Solvent
772:naphtha
431:solvent
230:136.238
119:PubChem
3310:Resins
3191:Dehesa
3152:tannin
3137:Rattan
3100:Forage
3063:edible
3058:Bamboo
3053:Amadou
3032:Rubber
2953:Chicle
2895:Mastic
2847:Resins
2830:Ucuuba
2825:Tucuma
2810:Tamanu
2767:kernel
2738:Mafura
2708:Illipe
2661:Bacuri
2612:Nutmeg
2556:spices
2281:Durian
2241:Banana
1775:
1642:
1483:
1444:
1436:
1378:
1353:
1321:
1294:
1144:As an
998:enemas
919:, and
841:paints
824:sulfur
749:copper
682:slaves
526:, and
515:tree.
493:French
464:, and
454:carene
446:alpha-
3120:henna
3095:Ferns
3046:Other
2995:Latex
2915:Rosin
2910:Pitch
2900:Myrrh
2885:Kauri
2743:Mahua
2733:Kusum
2723:Kombo
2718:Kokum
2640:waxes
2597:Clove
2503:Morel
2437:Ramps
2373:queen
2348:Betel
2340:roots
2201:Honey
1636:TAPPI
1442:JSTOR
1325:p.569
1150:lungs
1044:Honda
969:Vicks
941:rosin
818:pulp
808:pines
806:from
753:rosin
747:in a
724:from
722:march
674:rosin
544:larch
501:Greek
497:Latin
427:pines
423:resin
415:turps
3127:Peat
3110:Moss
3090:Cork
2990:Kino
2778:Pilu
2763:Palm
2551:Nuts
2206:pine
2196:Furs
2138:IPCS
2035:2018
2004:2018
1990:2018
1937:2018
1773:ISBN
1718:2018
1640:ISBN
1566:2012
1499:link
1481:ISSN
1434:ISSN
1376:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1171:The
1036:and
961:lice
935:and
927:and
895:and
495:and
448:and
246:Odor
143:UNII
2939:gum
2935:Sap
2635:Oil
2472:Cep
1473:doi
1426:doi
1343:doi
1288:404
1168:.
863:or
728:to
720:'s
644:).
618:),
542:of
468:.
421:of
169:EPA
122:CID
3286::
2136:,
2109:.
2105:.
2055:.
2051:.
2025:.
2021:.
1923:.
1898:.
1859:.
1834:.
1830:.
1801:.
1738:.
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1531:^
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