925:
814:
655:
709:
1047:
2995:
857:
which can reveal the cultural interaction between the two groups. Ibn Fadlan gives a vivid description of the daily habits of the Rus, as well as the only known first-person account of the complicated ship-burning funeral ceremony. Certain details in his account, especially the dialogue of the ceremonies and his personal conversations with Rus individuals, show that the Rus and the
Muslims were interested in and fairly knowledgeable about each other's cultures.
1414:
4277:
461:
493:
33:
853:
important center by
Novgorod. From these centers the Rus were able to send their goods as far as Baghdad. Baghdad was the political and cultural center of the Islamic world in the 9th and 10th centuries and the Rus merchants who went there to trade their goods for silver interacted with cultures and goods from the Islamic World, and also from China, India, and North Africa.
4529:
2800:
904:, prince of Kiev, commanded the next attack, which destroyed the Khazar state in 965. Sviatoslav's campaign established Rus' control over the north–south trade routes, helping to alter the demographics of the region. Raids continued through the time period with the last Scandinavian attempt to reestablish the route to the Caspian Sea led by
1157:
The
Varangian Guard not only provided security for Byzantine emperors but participated in many wars involving Byzantium and often played a crucial role, since it was usually employed at critical moments of battle. By the late 13th century, Varangians were mostly ethnically assimilated by Byzantines,
844:
The Rus' initially appeared in
Serkland in the 9th century, traveling as merchants along the Volga trade route, selling furs, honey, and slaves, as well as luxury goods such as amber, Frankish swords, and walrus ivory. These goods were mostly exchanged for Arabic silver coins, called dirhams. Hoards
1153:
in the late 11th century, the
Varangian Guard was largely recruited from Anglo-Saxons and "others who had suffered at the hands of the Vikings and their cousins the Normans". The Anglo-Saxons and other Germanic peoples shared with the Vikings a tradition of faithful, oath-bound service (to death if
794:
The
Varangians left rune stones in their native Sweden that tell of their journeys to what is today Russia, Ukraine, Greece, and Belarus. Most of these rune stones can be seen today, and are a telling piece of historical evidence. The Varangian runestones tell of many notable Varangian expeditions,
860:
The geography of the Volga region and the relative lack of physical wealth available for stealing (compared to targets of Viking raids in the west) made raiding a less important aspect of the Rus/Varangian activities in the East. Some raiding was necessary to gain initial control of the towns and
856:
The trade between the Rus and the lands south of the Black and
Caspian seas made it possible for cultural interactions to take place between the Rus and the Islamic World. The account written by Ibn Fadlan about his 921–922 travels from Baghdad to the capital of the Bulghar kingdom gives details
852:
The economic relationship between the Rus and the
Islamic world developed quickly into a network of trading routes. Initially the Rus founded Staraya Ladoga as the first node from the Baltic to the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. By the end of the 9th century, Staraya Ladoga was replaced as the most
2171:
A massive majority (40,000) of all Viking-Age Arabic coins found in
Scandinavia come from Gotland. In Skåne, Öland and Uppland together, about 12,000 coins were found. Other Scandinavian areas have only scattered finds: 1,000 in Denmark and 500 in Norway.
861:
regions that they developed into centers of economic activities. The first small-scale raids took place in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. The Rus' undertook the first large-scale expedition in 913; having arrived on 500 ships, they pillaged
473:
601:
849:-minted silver coins have been found in Sweden, particularly in Gotland. Variations in the size of the coin hoards show that there were phases of increased importation of coins and sometime decades during which very few coins were imported.
1027:
These raids were successful in forcing the
Byzantines to re-arrange their trading arrangements; militarily, the Varangians were usually defeated by the superior Byzantine forces, especially in the sea due to Byzantine use of
1004:
were recorded by Muslim authors in the 870s and in 910, 912, 913, 943, and later. Although the Rus' had predominantly peaceful trading relations with the Byzantines, the rulers of Kiev launched the relatively successful
790:
Due largely to geographic considerations, it is often argued that most of the Varangians who traveled and settled in the lands of eastern Baltic, modern Russia and lands to the south came from the area of modern Sweden.
385:'companion', thus meaning 'sworn companion', 'confederate', extended to mean 'a foreigner who has taken service with a new lord by a treaty of fealty to him', or 'protégé'. Some scholars seem to assume a derivation from
578:, a large boulder at the western shore of the lake of Ed. It tells that Ragnvaldr, the captain of the Varangian Guard, had returned home where he had the inscriptions made in memory of his dead mother.
1297:
is a concept album that tells the story of a group of Scandinavians traveling the river routes of medieval Russia, through Ladoga, Novgorod and Kiev to the Byzantine Empire. Their third album,
2785:
Saganovich G., Outline of the History of Belarus from antiquity to the end of 18th century (Сагановіч Г. Нарыс гісторыі Беларусі ад старажытнасці да канца XVIII ст. Мн., 2001.) (in Belarusian)
776:, in its many forms, does not appear in primary sources until the eleventh century (though it does appear frequently in later sources describing earlier periods). This suggests that the term
69:
536:(what is today Russia and Ukraine). The losses that the Varangian Guard suffered are reflected by the largest group of runestones that talk of foreign voyages, such as those known as the
1756:
1717:
783:
was used broadly to denote Scandinavians until it became too firmly associated with the subsequent elite of Kievan Rus who assimilated Slavic culture. At that point, the new term
2832:
2782:
Ermolovich M.I., Ancient Belarus – Polotsk and Novogrudskii period, 1990 (Ермаловіч М. І. Старажытная Беларусь. Полацкі і Навагародскі перыяд. Мн., 1990.) (in Belarusian)
787:
was increasingly preferred to name Scandinavians, probably mostly from what is now Sweden, plying the river routes between the Baltic and the Black and Caspian Seas.
1252:) includes a section in which the main character's brother serves in the Varangians and gets involved in Byzantine court intrigues, with highly unpleasant results.
1158:
though the guard operated until at least the mid-14th century, and in 1400 there were still some people identifying themselves as "Varangians" in Constantinople.
62:
2841:
1154:
necessary), and after the Norman Conquest of England there were many fighting men, who had lost their lands and former masters, looking for a living elsewhere.
686:
275:
41:
757:
as having exacted tribute from the Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. It was the time of rapid expansion of the Vikings in Northern Europe; England began to pay
2000:
1909:
1192:
depicts Basil II's formation of the Varangian Guard from the point of view of a half-Saxon orphan who journeyed to Constantinople via the Dnieper trade route.
1648:
3187:
1989:
924:
55:
1107:), the Norse Varangian guardsmen were recognised by long hair, a red ruby set in the left ear and ornamented dragons sewn on their chainmail shirts.
4234:
187:. The Varangians settled in the territories of present-day Belarus, Russia and Ukraine from the 8th and 9th centuries, and established the state of
5995:
4252:
3007:
5176:
298:
4720:
2825:
89:
1740:
896:. The Rus' stayed there for several months, killing many inhabitants of the city and amassing substantial plunder. It was only an outbreak of
5960:
5955:
5814:
5554:
5324:
4608:
2771:
2522:
2486:
2319:
2086:
1922:
1438:
1213:
1855:
1701:
301:, some of which resulted in advantageous trade treaties. At least from the early 10th century, many Varangians served as mercenaries in the
4656:
109:
2325:
6062:
5131:
4613:
2895:
2729:
1825:
1265:, the father of the protagonist maintains for years the fiction that he is at work on "a History of the Varangians that was to outshine
6057:
2862:
2857:
2852:
1024:
In 1043, Yaroslav sent his son Vladimir to attack Constantinople. The Byzantines destroyed the attacking vessels and defeated Vladimir
2747:
1443:
1428:
944:
808:
497:
326:
6000:
4740:
4313:
3333:
2818:
2723:
2708:
2693:
2675:
2434:
2401:
2368:
2256:
2222:
2198:
1892:
1819:
1750:
1711:
1778:
1588:
119:
3295:
2104:
1369:
1010:
104:
99:
5950:
5273:
4756:
4257:
3465:
1378:
992:
from Kiev. The result of this attack is disputed, but the Varangians continued their efforts as they regularly sailed on their
635:, a trimunicipal locality and the seat of Täby Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. The runes were made by the runemaster
5744:
5524:
2994:
2150:
1095:) kept an almost entirely Norse cast to the organization until the late 11th century. According to the late Swedish historian
5146:
4247:
3515:
3320:
3180:
1001:
977:). Louis enquired about their origins and learnt that they were Swedes. Fearing that they were spies for their brothers, the
2758:
2528:
2262:
5349:
6031:
5985:
5870:
5161:
5136:
4715:
1168:
94:
5409:
5171:
1563:
5850:
5845:
3396:
1876:
4931:
1538:
869:, and the adjacent areas, taking slaves and goods. On their return, the northern raiders were attacked and defeated by
540:. These were raised by former members of the Varangian Guard, or in their memory. A smaller group consists of the four
5840:
5344:
5036:
4508:
4262:
3275:
1349:
1325:, the name and location of the Vaegirs echos the Varangians. Their faction have a unique unit called a "Vaegir Guard".
5684:
5439:
5116:
4956:
1006:
989:
2064:
5216:
5186:
5071:
4811:
3423:
2248:
1997:
1906:
1298:
314:
1957:
1678:
6026:
5910:
5689:
5061:
4735:
4280:
3460:
3367:
3360:
3338:
3173:
2588:
2579:
1640:
1307:
1060:
woman killing a Varangian who tried to rape her, whereupon his comrades praised her and gave her his possessions.
813:
5534:
5086:
5056:
5051:
4771:
4383:
3500:
3485:
3300:
3285:
3079:
1080:
from the 10th to the 14th centuries. Initially the guard was composed of Varangians who came from Kievan Rus'.
905:
748:
5619:
4901:
1469:
1126:—to stop the emigration, especially as two other European courts simultaneously also recruited Scandinavians:
2294:, The Northern World, 84 (Leiden: Brill, 2018), p. 195, citing Alf Thulin, 'The Rus' of Nestor's Chronicle',
5885:
5754:
5729:
5699:
5429:
5404:
5379:
5156:
5006:
4961:
4921:
3615:
3505:
3495:
3490:
3310:
3290:
3247:
2888:
2159:
2081:
Larsson, Mats G (2002). Götarnas Riken : Upptäcktsfärder Till Sveriges Enande. Bokförlaget Atlantis AB
1507:
1476:
1266:
739:
colonists played an important role in the early ethnogenesis of the Rus' people and in the formation of the
654:
322:
192:
114:
1986:
5925:
5835:
5724:
5141:
4946:
4936:
4831:
4806:
4666:
4017:
3450:
3445:
3428:
3372:
3267:
1617:
1336:
1312:
1257:
1235:'s life, features his time in the Varangian Guard and his tragic love for a Greek woman of Constantinople.
1177:
1046:
978:
708:
2804:
5880:
5779:
5564:
5459:
5384:
4766:
4725:
4686:
4588:
4306:
3315:
3205:
2730:
English Refugees in the Byzantine Armed Forces: The Varangian Guard and Anglo-Saxon Ethnic Consciousness
2348:
1481:
196:
5965:
5639:
5444:
5359:
5309:
4618:
615:
warriors, most likely Varangians, mercenaries in the service of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Emperor.
5990:
5930:
5905:
5769:
5664:
5644:
5419:
5268:
5166:
5126:
5121:
5101:
5066:
5001:
4911:
4891:
4876:
4836:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4681:
4593:
3406:
3377:
3280:
2969:
2681:
2630:
951:
901:
517:
464:
Map of geographic distribution of Varangian Runestones (almost all of which are found in present-day
443:
393:. Yet, this suffix is inflected differently in Old Norse, and furthermore, the word is attested with
4468:
6052:
5945:
5935:
5830:
5749:
5539:
5514:
5369:
5096:
5046:
5026:
4966:
4926:
4916:
4851:
4703:
4603:
4560:
4242:
3455:
3085:
1330:
1052:
361:
5314:
1119:
1115:
337:
to Rus' stopped and Varangians were gradually assimilated by East Slavs by the late 11th century.
5920:
5915:
5860:
5479:
5424:
5201:
5106:
5031:
5021:
4951:
4906:
4881:
4871:
4841:
4801:
4781:
4463:
4443:
3625:
3477:
3416:
3305:
3237:
3213:
2881:
1847:
1499:
1419:
1277:
1239:
1187:
1150:
1141:
Composed primarily of Scandinavians for the first hundred years, the guard increasingly included
1114:
men left to enlist in the Byzantine Varangian Guard in such numbers that a medieval Swedish law,
1077:
959:
909:
889:
837:
643:
624:
481:
412:
369:
318:
5609:
1281:
series features a fictional, long-forgotten enclave of the Varangian Guard in the mountains of
619:
The Varangians returned home with some influence from Byzantine culture, as exemplified by the
6005:
5940:
5900:
5890:
5865:
5774:
5759:
5674:
5599:
5544:
5469:
5399:
5364:
5354:
5241:
5111:
5081:
5076:
5041:
5011:
4991:
4986:
4976:
4896:
4776:
4730:
4676:
4598:
4503:
3401:
3252:
3227:
2931:
2767:
2743:
2719:
2704:
2689:
2671:
2518:
2501:
T. D. Kendrick, A History of the Vikings (Ch. Conversion of Russia), Courier Corporation, 2012
2482:
2478:
2430:
2426:
2397:
2393:
2364:
2360:
2315:
2309:
2252:
2218:
2194:
2190:
2082:
1918:
1888:
1884:
1815:
1746:
1707:
1293:
1282:
1209:
1183:
1173:
955:
913:
885:
804:
753:
740:
674:
620:
586:
575:
564:
560:
556:
552:
537:
477:
455:
447:
287:
263:
232:
215:
37:
1805:
5970:
5895:
5875:
5855:
5789:
5734:
5719:
5704:
5649:
5489:
5474:
5434:
5319:
5016:
4996:
4981:
4971:
4886:
4866:
4856:
4846:
4786:
4651:
4583:
4299:
3824:
3196:
1811:
1321:
1123:
1057:
829:
712:
658:
590:
582:
571:
548:
541:
451:
291:
236:
220:
138:
1122:
declared no one could inherit while staying in "Greece"—the then Scandinavian term for the
418:. The reduction of the second part of the word could be parallel to that seen in Old Norse
5980:
5739:
5654:
5614:
5594:
5579:
5559:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5464:
5288:
5256:
5151:
4941:
4861:
4796:
4791:
4761:
4428:
4376:
3433:
3411:
3355:
3325:
3209:
2983:
2963:
2762:
2154:
2108:
2068:
2004:
1993:
1961:
1913:
1592:
1542:
1519:
1413:
1232:
1217:
1146:
1041:
962:
639:
427:
353:
306:
283:
203:
5794:
5714:
2904:
2644:
678:
533:
239:
conquered Kiev in 882 and established the state of Kievan Rus', which was later ruled by
2469:
Noonan, Thomas S. (1997). "Scandinavians in Eastern Europe". In Sawyer, Peter S. (ed.).
6021:
5809:
5634:
5604:
5221:
4635:
4107:
3891:
3555:
3242:
3144:
3129:
3069:
3063:
2957:
2946:
1782:
1585:
1448:
1433:
1244:
1199:
1135:
1127:
1111:
1073:
1065:
985:
929:
724:
690:
670:
612:
345:
302:
279:
188:
2098:
1202:
recounts the adventures of Harald Sigurdson, including service in the Varangian Guard.
231:. Before Rurik, the Rus' might have ruled an earlier hypothetical polity known as the
6046:
5975:
5389:
5278:
4433:
4418:
4371:
3968:
3866:
3829:
3789:
3655:
3384:
3343:
3003:
2927:
2613:
2471:
2419:
2386:
2353:
1535:
1224:
1096:
646:, in memory of another Ulf, in Skålhamra, and at the request of the latter's father.
240:
939:
record of the Rus' may have been written prior to 842. It is preserved in the Greek
460:
317:). Eventually most of them, in Byzantium and in Eastern Europe, were converted from
5709:
5574:
5394:
5251:
4565:
4555:
4448:
3560:
3550:
3533:
3350:
2637:
2604:
2147:
2056:
1463:
1386:
1340:
the Varangian Guard is an axe-wielding elite infantry unit of the Byzantine Empire.
1195:
1142:
1018:
821:
628:
604:
597:), are dated to the period 1080–1130, after which runestones became unfashionable.
405:
207:
2292:: The Role of the Eastern Baltic in Viking Age Communication Across the Baltic Sea
2115:
project includes also Iron Age and earlier Viking Age runestones in the RAK style.
492:
2755:
2512:
2242:
1303:, describes the history of the Varangian Guard's service to the Byzantine Empire.
5764:
5694:
5589:
5549:
5283:
5246:
5231:
5091:
4422:
4356:
4341:
4042:
4000:
3923:
3836:
3704:
3694:
3605:
3389:
3028:
1357:
1344:
1262:
1084:
874:
817:
398:
271:
259:
2015:
Falk & Torp, p. 1403; other words with the same second part are: Old Norse
1981:
Blöndal & Benedikz, p. 4; D. Parducci, "Gli stranieri nell’alto medioevo",
47:
32:
5339:
5304:
4498:
4493:
4408:
4219:
4007:
3990:
3938:
3928:
3913:
3881:
3871:
3749:
3699:
3575:
3570:
3538:
3257:
3134:
3056:
3050:
2593:
1409:
1273:
1029:
893:
833:
513:
505:
330:
310:
294:. Most of the silver coinage in the West came from the East via those routes.
267:
1555:
544:
which commemorate members of the Varangian Guard who died in southern Italy.
5784:
5659:
5629:
5414:
5196:
4528:
4518:
4438:
4393:
4361:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4132:
4037:
3933:
3896:
3886:
3846:
3799:
3794:
3744:
3684:
3610:
3600:
3580:
3543:
3528:
2918:
2173:
1458:
997:
966:
936:
897:
762:
472:
255:
251:
247:
200:
2788:
Hrushevsky, M. "History of Ukraine-Rus". Vol.2 Ch.4 (page 5) (in Ukrainian)
600:
2799:
2061:
44:(in purple). Other trade routes of the 8th–11th centuries shown in orange.
5569:
5529:
5261:
5236:
4708:
4630:
4550:
4488:
4483:
4413:
4403:
4398:
4346:
4187:
4172:
4152:
4137:
4117:
4092:
4077:
4072:
4052:
4022:
4012:
3963:
3953:
3948:
3779:
3764:
3739:
3719:
3689:
3679:
3674:
3645:
3640:
3630:
3565:
3523:
3232:
3154:
3119:
3096:
3091:
3021:
2976:
2810:
1453:
993:
758:
736:
732:
698:
694:
682:
608:
397:
and cognates in other Germanic languages in the Early Middle Ages, as in
334:
224:
17:
1965:
1954:
928:
Varangian Guardsmen, an illumination from the 11th-century chronicle of
297:
Attracted by the riches of Constantinople, the Varangian Rus' began the
5584:
5509:
5484:
5454:
5449:
5334:
4661:
4623:
4513:
4478:
4366:
4336:
4322:
4204:
4192:
4182:
4157:
4147:
4142:
4122:
4112:
4087:
4027:
3985:
3958:
3876:
3809:
3804:
3784:
3774:
3729:
3724:
3714:
3709:
3650:
3635:
3585:
3149:
3139:
3015:
2951:
2940:
2599:
2130:
2112:
1670:
1398:
1288:
1088:
1014:
846:
702:
632:
485:
180:
2517:, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, p. 372,
2176:
coins have been found almost exclusively in Gotland, some 400 of them.
877:, and those who escaped were killed by the local tribes on the middle
5799:
5519:
5329:
5226:
5206:
4698:
4691:
4671:
4473:
4224:
4177:
4162:
4127:
4102:
4067:
4062:
3995:
3980:
3918:
3856:
3841:
3819:
3769:
3759:
3754:
3667:
3662:
3620:
3590:
3101:
1131:
1092:
948:
908:
in 1041. While there, Varangians took part in the Georgian-Byzantine
870:
862:
795:
and even account for the fates of individual warriors and travelers.
766:
636:
594:
509:
465:
282:. Those were the main important trade links at that time, connecting
184:
4351:
377:
3165:
1382:
belonging to the Rus inspired Sturgian faction, is called 'Varyag'.
1013:
against Constantinople, as well as the large-scale invasion of the
5679:
5669:
5624:
4545:
4458:
4388:
4097:
4082:
4057:
4047:
4032:
3975:
3943:
3908:
3903:
3861:
3851:
3734:
3595:
3438:
3074:
1045:
947:. Contemporary Byzantine presence of the Rus' is mentioned in the
923:
878:
812:
720:
707:
653:
599:
551:, which dates to the period before 1015 AD. The group consists of
521:
491:
471:
459:
228:
31:
516:, and there are many associated with the Varangian Guards. These
484:, a cross which is today the coat of arms of the municipality of
278:(between Varangians and the Greeks) leading to the Black Sea and
5804:
5374:
5211:
4453:
4167:
3814:
3124:
3034:
2668:
Varangians of Byzantium: An Aspect of Byzantine Military History
866:
825:
4295:
3169:
2877:
2814:
2733:
1609:
685:). The Volga route declined by the end of the century, and the
51:
969:
in 839. In this delegation were two men who called themselves
2750:. Illustrated reconstruction of arms and armor of Varangians.
1087:(predominantly immigrants from Sweden but also elements from
900:
among the Rus' that forced them to depart with their spoils.
250:
service, Varangians roamed the river systems and portages of
2873:
2450:
Montgomery, James E. (2000). "Ibn Fadlan and the Rusiyyah".
1376:
A class of units in the multiplayer mode of the video game
1176:
which became famous in 1905 for her crew's stoicism at the
165:
162:
144:
4291:
2282:
2280:
547:
The oldest of the Greece runestones are six stones in the
183:
conquerors, traders and settlers, mostly from present-day
159:
2514:
John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057
2241:
Forte, Angelo; Oram, Richard; Pedersen, Frederik (2005).
266:(between the Varangians and the Muslims), connecting the
153:
1367:
Varangian soldiers are a common enemy in the video game
769:
faced an invasion by the Swedes at about the same date.
508:
throughout Scandinavia of which almost all are found in
1586:
The Annals of St. Bertin (839) and Chacanus of the Rhos
954:. These relate that a delegation from the court of the
884:
During their next expedition in 943, the Rus' captured
2047:'homeless'; cf. Falk & Torp, p. 34; Vries, p. 163.
1310:
known as "Variags" appear in Tolkien's fantasy novel
171:
168:
156:
1641:"When Viking Kings and Queens Ruled Medieval Russia"
150:
141:
6014:
5823:
5297:
5185:
4749:
4644:
4574:
4536:
4329:
4233:
3514:
3476:
3266:
3220:
3043:
3002:
2926:
2670:. Trans. by Benedikt S. Benedikz, Cambridge: 1978.
520:commemorate various fallen warriors through carved
500:, probably carved by members of the Varangian Guard
329:in 988. Coinciding with the general decline of the
147:
2470:
2418:
2417:Batey, Colleen E.; Graham-Campbell, James (1994).
2385:
2384:Batey, Colleen E.; Graham-Campbell, James (1994).
2352:
1941:, 1962, pp. 671–72; S. Blöndal & B. Benedikz,
36:Map showing the major Varangian trade routes: the
532:), or to more specific eastern locations such as
2738:Raffaele D'Amato; Rava, Giuseppe (illustrator).
2314:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–224.
943:, which speaks of a raid that had extended into
1935:Norwegisch-Dänisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
1397:) involved a civil war between Varangians and
689:rapidly overtook it in importance. Apart from
4307:
3181:
2889:
2826:
2556:
2554:
2473:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
63:
8:
3212:origin primarily identified as speakers of
2477:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
4314:
4300:
4292:
3188:
3174:
3166:
2896:
2882:
2874:
2833:
2819:
2811:
2187:Archeology in the Nordic countries, part 2
2133:project in a freely downloadable database.
2125:
2123:
2121:
70:
56:
48:
2100:Runriket Täby-Vallentuna – en handledning
1745:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 5.
1216:, a fictionalized version of the life of
1050:Another illumination of a scene from the
2625:Chronicon universale anonymi Laudunensis
2236:
2234:
1881:The Walls of Constantinople, AD 324–1453
1779:"Пушкинский Дом (ИРЛИ РАН) > Новости"
1530:
1528:
705:were major centers for Varangian trade.
504:There are raised stone memorials called
4253:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
2141:
2139:
1939:Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
1599:5 (2006) 3–8 sides with the old theory.
1492:
1220:, features time in the Varangian Guard.
422:'leader', correspondent to Old English
27:Slavic and Greek designation of Vikings
2742:. "Men-at-Arms" series, Osprey, 2010.
1353:has the title "Varyags of Miklagaard".
120:Constantinople & Aegean Sea (1043)
2452:Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies
1522:: варяже, varyazhe or варязи, varyazi
1439:Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy
623:carved on the early eleventh-century
219:, a group of Varangians known as the
7:
5177:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
1970:Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
1703:Atlas of Russia and the Soviet Union
5132:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
2425:. New York: Facts on File. p.
2392:. New York: Facts on File. p.
2359:. New York: Facts on File. p.
1149:of England. By the time of Emperor
570:One of the later runestones in the
524:, and mention voyages to the East (
5996:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
5961:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
5956:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
5325:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
2756:The Varangians: In God’s Holy Fire
2701:Runor: historia, tydning, tolkning
2531:from the original on 14 April 2023
2421:Cultural Atlas of the Viking World
2388:Cultural Atlas of the Viking World
2355:Cultural Atlas of the Viking World
2328:from the original on 14 April 2023
2111:gives the start date 985, but the
1937:, 1911, pp. 1403–04; J. de Vries,
1917:, Lorenz Educational Press, p. 7,
1858:from the original on 27 March 2015
1828:from the original on 14 April 2023
1681:from the original on 24 March 2022
865:, in the territory of present-day
498:runic inscriptions in Hagia Sophia
25:
2663:. Oxford: University Press, 1929.
2610:Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus
2265:from the original on 5 April 2023
1759:from the original on 4 April 2023
1720:from the original on 4 April 2023
1651:from the original on 6 April 2022
1620:from the original on 12 June 2018
1566:from the original on 11 July 2018
772:It has been argued that the word
191:as well as the principalities of
4527:
4276:
4275:
2993:
2798:
2308:Sigfús Blöndal (16 April 2007).
1466:(inscription made by Varangians)
1412:
1379:Mount & Blade II: Bannerlord
892:, in the modern-day Republic of
836:in the 10th century, painted by
717:The Invitation of the Varangians
677:, which connected Northern Rus (
611:. The runes on the lion tell of
581:The youngest runestones, in the
276:Dnieper and Dniester trade route
137:
4258:Christianization of Scandinavia
2189:] (in Swedish). Stockholm:
1444:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1429:1st SS Special Regiment Waräger
1076:and personal bodyguards of the
809:Caspian expeditions of the Rus'
327:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
246:Engaging in trade, piracy, and
227:in 862 under the leadership of
110:Thrace & Bulgaria (970–971)
5147:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
4248:Christianization of the Franks
3321:Continental Germanic mythology
2211:Gotlands historia i fickformat
2129:The dating is provided by the
1700:Milner-Gulland, R. R. (1989).
1545:," Online Etymology Dictionary
990:first attack on Constantinople
941:Life of St. George of Amastris
824:chieftain as described by the
557:Västra Ledinge runestone U 518
213:According to the 12th-century
1:
6032:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
5986:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
5162:Siege of Constantinople (860)
2699:Enoksen, Lars Magnar (1998).
2215:The pocket history of Gotland
1742:Culture and Customs of Russia
1370:Assassin's Creed: Revelations
751:) are first mentioned by the
105:Bosporus & Bithynia (941)
5951:Småland Runic Inscription 48
5851:Danish Runic Inscription 380
5846:Danish Runic Inscription 154
2766:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2020),
2740:The Varangian Guard 988–1453
2732:by Nicholas C.J. Pappas for
2686:The Viking Road to Byzantium
2653:Additional secondary sources
2209:Gardell, Carl Johan (1987).
254:, as the areas north of the
206:, which later also included
5841:Danish Runic Inscription 66
5345:Birka female Viking warrior
5037:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
4263:Christianization of Iceland
2703:. Historiska Media, Falun.
2511:Wortley, John, ed. (2010),
2311:The Varangians of Byzantium
1943:The Varangians of Byzantium
1671:"Rus | people | Britannica"
1350:Twilight of the Thunder God
723:and his brothers arrive in
687:Dnieper and Dniester routes
375:, originally a compound of
42:Dnieper and Dniester routes
6079:
6063:Warfare of the Middle Ages
5871:Gunnar's bridge runestones
5217:Viking Age arms and armour
5072:Battle of Strangford Lough
4812:Battle of Brentford (1016)
2249:Cambridge University Press
2062:Arkiv för nordisk filologi
1804:Duczko, Wladyslaw (2004).
1511:
1401:over the control of Russia
1039:
1002:raids into the Caspian Sea
996:down the Dnieper into the
802:
441:
6027:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
6001:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
5690:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
5525:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
5062:Battle of Stamford Bridge
4525:
4271:
3203:
3110:
2991:
2911:
2848:
2714:Jansson, Sven B. (1980).
2589:Strategikon of Kekaumenos
2181:Burenhult, Göran (1999).
2107:28 September 2007 at the
1933:H.S. Falk & A. Torp,
1739:Schultze, Sydney (2000).
1591:28 September 2011 at the
1186:'s 1976 historical novel
627:, and which today is the
565:Eriksstad runestone Sm 46
561:Nälberga runestone Sö 170
553:Skepptuna runestone U 358
381:'pledge' or 'faith', and
305:, constituting the elite
85:
5535:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
5440:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
5274:Raid Warfare and Tactics
5117:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
5087:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
5057:Battle of Stamford (918)
5052:Battle of Stamford (894)
4957:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
4772:Battle of Anglesey Sound
3501:North Germanic languages
3486:Germanic parent language
2162:, retrieved 7 July 2007.
1347:'s seventh studio album
1011:abortive campaign of 941
981:, he incarcerated them.
906:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
681:) with the Middle East (
528:) or the Eastern route (
5755:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
5700:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
5430:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
5157:Siege of Chartres (911)
5007:Battle of Reading (871)
4962:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
4952:Battle of London Bridge
4922:Battle of Hingston Down
3506:West Germanic languages
3496:East Germanic languages
3491:Proto-Germanic language
3311:Proto-Germanic folklore
3248:Romano-Germanic culture
2160:Stockholm County Museum
1972:, 1953, vol. 1, p. 171.
1852:Encyclopædia Britannica
1706:. Phaidon. p. 36.
1675:Encyclopædia Britannica
1503:
1477:Principality of Polotsk
1007:naval expedition of 907
984:In 860, the Rus' under
644:Orkesta runestone U 344
625:Risbyle runestone U 161
430:𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌾𐌰
389:with the common suffix
199:. They also formed the
6058:History of Kievan Rus'
5911:Norra Härene Runestone
5836:Baltic area runestones
5350:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
5137:Raids in the Rhineland
4947:Battle of Leuven (891)
4937:Battle of Islandbridge
4932:Battle of Hjörungavágr
4832:Battle of Cathair Cuan
2921:names are not recorded
2917:are settlements whose
2842:Rus–Byzantine Treaties
2619:Historia ecclesiastica
2349:Graham-Campbell, James
2158:on the website of the
2067:31 August 2018 at the
1904:Schofield, Tracey Ann
1584:Ildar Kh. Garipzanov,
1364:is titled "Varangian".
1360:'s eight studio album
1337:Medieval II: Total War
1319:In the PC game series
1313:The Return of the King
1291:' second studio album
1258:The Bulpington of Blup
1178:Battle of Chemulpo Bay
1068:: Τάγμα των Βαράγγων,
1061:
932:
841:
735:(Ladoga) in the 750s,
728:
666:
616:
501:
489:
469:
262:. They controlled the
45:
5881:Hakon Jarl runestones
5780:Tryggvi the Pretender
5685:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
5620:Ohthere of Hålogaland
5565:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
5385:Eohric of East Anglia
5284:Svinfylking Formation
5092:Battle of Tarbat Ness
4902:Battle of Fýrisvellir
4767:First Battle of Alton
3316:Anglo-Saxon mythology
3206:Ethnolinguistic group
2761:18 April 2021 at the
2682:Davidson, H. R. Ellis
2661:Anna Comnena: A Study
2296:Mediaeval Scandinavia
2153:13 March 2009 at the
2148:5. Runriket – Risbyle
2003:1 August 2019 at the
1992:21 April 2018 at the
1912:14 April 2023 at the
1614:Store norske leksikon
1560:TheFreeDictionary.com
1482:Principality of Turov
1470:Rulers of Kievan Rus'
1306:Bearded axe-wielding
1231:, another version of
1145:after the successful
1064:The Varangian Guard (
1049:
927:
816:
803:Further information:
711:
657:
603:
495:
475:
463:
325:, culminating in the
323:Orthodox Christianity
35:
5991:Varangian runestones
5906:Lingsberg Runestones
5886:Hällestad Runestones
5770:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
5730:Styrbjörn the Strong
5665:Rognvald Eysteinsson
5645:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
5410:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
5380:Egill Skallagrímsson
5127:Burning of Luimneach
5102:Battle of Tettenhall
5067:Battle of Stiklestad
5002:Battle of Rastarkalv
4912:Battle of Hafrsfjord
4877:Battle of Englefield
4837:Battle of Chippenham
4827:Battle of Buttington
4822:Battle of Brunanburh
4817:Battle of Brissarthe
2807:at Wikimedia Commons
2621:by Ordericus Vitalis
2217:] (in Swedish).
2183:Arkeologi i Norden 2
1541:12 June 2018 at the
975:Rhos vocari dicebant
952:Annals of St. Bertin
669:In the 9th century,
663:Guests from Overseas
518:Varangian runestones
444:Varangian Runestones
100:Constantinople (907)
95:Constantinople (860)
5936:Sigtrygg Runestones
5926:Runestones of Högby
5831:Ballstorp Runestone
5815:Unn the Deep-Minded
5750:Thorfinn the Mighty
5745:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
5725:Steinunn Refsdóttir
5515:Hemming Halfdansson
5370:Bjorn the Easterner
5097:Battle of Tempsford
5047:Battle of Stainmore
5027:Battle of Rochester
4967:Battle of Mag Femen
4927:Battle of the Holme
4852:Battle of Corbridge
4807:Battle of Brávellir
4757:Tactics and warfare
4561:Viking ship replica
4243:Gothic Christianity
3086:Rurikovo Gorodische
3008:Dnieper trade route
2753:Sverrir Jakobsson,
2659:Buckler, Georgina.
2347:Batey, Colleen E.;
2298:, 13 (2000), 70–96.
1968: ; M. Vasmer,
1960:22 May 2008 at the
1955:Hellquist 1922:1096
1331:Medieval: Total War
1328:In the video games
1053:Skylitzes Chronicle
512:. Many date to the
368:) are derived from
362:Old Church Slavonic
299:Rus'-Byzantine Wars
241:Rurik's descendants
235:. Rurik's relative
79:Rus'–Byzantine Wars
5966:Sparlösa Runestone
5921:Runestones at Aspa
5916:Orkesta Runestones
5861:England runestones
5480:Halfdan Ragnarsson
5460:Hakon Rognvaldsson
5445:Gunnar Hámundarson
5425:Godfrid Haraldsson
5360:Bjarni Herjólfsson
5310:Amlaíb Cenncairech
5298:Historical figures
5202:Great Heathen Army
5190:and fortifications
5107:Battle of Thetford
5032:Battle of Sasireti
5022:Battle of Ringmere
4907:Battle of Glenmama
4882:Battle of Epiphany
4872:Battle of Edington
4842:Battle of Clontarf
4802:Battle of Benfleet
4782:Battle of Assandun
4619:L'Anse aux Meadows
4444:Old Norse religion
3626:Germani cisrhenani
3334:Funerary practices
3238:Pre-Roman Iron Age
3214:Germanic languages
2734:De Re Militari.org
2718:. STF, Stockholm.
2251:. pp. 13–14.
2191:Natur & Kultur
1814:. pp. 10–11.
1420:Middle Ages portal
1300:Stand Up and Fight
1278:Paladin of Shadows
1240:Frans G. Bengtsson
1162:In popular culture
1078:Byzantine emperors
1070:Tágma tōn Varángōn
1062:
933:
910:Battle of Sasireti
842:
838:Henryk Siemiradzki
743:. The Varangians (
729:
667:
617:
607:drawing of curved
589:(presently in the
587:Ed runestone U 104
576:Ed runestone U 112
502:
490:
470:
315:Byzantine emperors
288:Abbasid Caliphates
258:were known in the
90:Paphlagonia (830s)
46:
6040:
6039:
6006:Viking runestones
5941:Simris Runestones
5931:Sædinge Runestone
5901:Karlevi Runestone
5891:Ingvar runestones
5866:Greece runestones
5775:Thorstein the Red
5760:Thorkell the Tall
5640:Ragnar Ragnarsson
5545:Ivar the Boneless
5470:Haakon Sigurdsson
5420:Garðar Svavarsson
5405:Eiríkr Hákonarson
5400:Eric I of Denmark
5355:Bjorn Asbrandsson
5242:Gjermundbu helmet
5112:Battle of Thimeon
5082:Battle of Sulcoit
5077:Battle of Svolder
5042:Battle of Skyhill
5012:Battle of Renfrew
4992:Battle of Norditi
4977:Battle of Meretun
4897:Battle of Fulford
4892:Battle of Florvåg
4777:Battle of Ashdown
4504:Viking runestones
4289:
4288:
3461:Gothic and Vandal
3253:Germanic Iron Age
3228:Nordic Bronze Age
3210:Northern European
3163:
3162:
2932:Volga trade route
2871:
2870:
2803:Media related to
2779:Primary Chronicle
2772:978-3-030-53797-5
2666:Blondal, Sigfus.
2582:Primary Chronicle
2524:978-0-521-76705-7
2488:978-0-19-820526-5
2321:978-0-521-03552-1
2087:978-91-7486-641-4
1923:978-1-5731-0356-5
1885:Osprey Publishing
1322:Mount & Blade
1294:The Varangian Way
1214:978-0-330-31596-8
1184:Rosemary Sutcliff
1174:protected cruiser
1105:History of Sweden
1072:) were a part of
958:visited Frankish
956:Byzantine emperor
888:, the capital of
805:Volga trade route
754:Primary Chronicle
675:Volga trade route
538:Greece Runestones
456:Ingvar Runestones
448:Greece Runestones
264:Volga trade route
216:Primary Chronicle
128:
127:
40:(in red) and the
38:Volga trade route
16:(Redirected from
6070:
5971:Stangeland stone
5946:Sjörup Runestone
5896:Italy runestones
5876:Hagby Runestones
5856:Egtved Runestone
5790:Valtoke Gormsson
5735:Sweyn Asleifsson
5720:Snorri Sturluson
5705:Sigurd the Stout
5650:Ragnall ua Imair
5540:Ingólfr Arnarson
5490:Harald Bluetooth
5475:Halfdan Long-Leg
5017:Battle of Remich
4997:Battle of Pinhoe
4982:Battle of Nesjar
4972:Battle of Maldon
4917:Battle of Helgeå
4887:Battle of Fitjar
4867:Battle of Dollar
4857:Battle of Cynwit
4847:Battle of Confey
4787:Battle of Basing
4652:Viking expansion
4584:North Sea Empire
4531:
4509:Viking Age trade
4384:Germanic deities
4316:
4309:
4302:
4293:
4279:
4278:
4235:Christianization
3825:Ripuarian Franks
3197:Germanic peoples
3190:
3183:
3176:
3167:
2997:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2802:
2688:. London: 1976.
2561:
2560:Pritsak 1981:386
2558:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2476:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2424:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2391:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2358:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2305:
2299:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2204:
2169:
2163:
2143:
2134:
2127:
2116:
2102:, by Rune Edberg
2096:
2090:
2079:
2073:
2072:2 (1885), p. 225
2054:
2048:
2013:
2007:
1998:English abstract
1979:
1973:
1952:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1902:
1896:
1877:Stephen Turnbull
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1812:Brill Publishers
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1785:on 16 March 2015
1781:. Archived from
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1606:
1600:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1552:
1546:
1532:
1523:
1513:
1497:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1205:Michael Ennis's
1151:Alexios Komnenos
1130:c. 980–1060 and
1124:Byzantine Empire
1110:In these years,
1083:Immigrants from
965:at his court in
920:Byzantine Empire
830:Ahmad ibn Fadlan
781:
761:in 859, and the
713:Viktor Vasnetsov
659:Nicholas Roerich
591:Ashmolean Museum
542:Italy Runestones
452:Italy Runestones
333:, the influx of
292:Byzantine Empire
178:
177:
174:
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5981:Runestone U 582
5819:
5740:Sweyn Forkbeard
5655:Raud the Strong
5615:Orm Storolfsson
5610:Olof Skötkonung
5600:Olav Haraldsson
5595:Olaf Tryggvason
5580:Magnus Barefoot
5560:Ketill Flatnose
5505:Harald Wartooth
5500:Harald Hardrada
5495:Harald Fairhair
5465:Haakon the Good
5293:
5289:Varangian Guard
5189:
5181:
5152:Siege of Asselt
5142:Raid on Seville
4942:Battle of Largs
4862:Battle of Derby
4797:Battle of Bauds
4792:Battle of Barry
4762:Battle of Aclea
4745:
4640:
4576:
4570:
4538:
4532:
4523:
4429:Norse mythology
4377:Younger Futhark
4325:
4320:
4290:
4285:
4267:
4229:
3510:
3472:
3434:Gothic alphabet
3326:Norse mythology
3262:
3216:
3199:
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3106:
3044:Other locations
3039:
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2872:
2867:
2844:
2839:
2795:
2776:
2763:Wayback Machine
2650:
2573:Primary sources
2570:
2568:Further reading
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2552:
2548:Jansson 1980:22
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2069:Wayback Machine
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2014:
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2005:Wayback Machine
1994:Wayback Machine
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1962:Wayback Machine
1953:
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1914:Wayback Machine
1903:
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1848:"Rurik Dynasty"
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1533:
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1520:Old East Slavic
1498:
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1489:
1474:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1385:Russian writer
1242:'s Viking saga
1238:Swedish writer
1233:Harald Hardrada
1229:The Last Viking
1218:Harald Hardrada
1164:
1147:Norman Conquest
1134:1018–1066 (the
1101:Svensk Historia
1044:
1042:Varangian Guard
1038:
1036:Varangian Guard
988:launched their
963:Louis the Pious
922:
873:Muslims in the
845:of 9th-century
811:
801:
779:
749:Old East Slavic
731:Having settled
673:' operated the
652:
640:Ulf of Borresta
621:Byzantine cross
478:Byzantine cross
458:
442:Main articles:
440:
354:Old East Slavic
343:
307:Varangian Guard
284:Medieval Europe
204:Varangian Guard
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6022:Viking revival
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5172:Siege of Paris
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5122:Battle of York
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4599:Orkney Islands
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4548:
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4539:and navigation
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3243:Roman Iron Age
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2794:
2793:External links
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2751:
2748:978-1849081795
2736:
2727:
2712:
2697:
2679:
2664:
2656:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2631:Játvarðar Saga
2627:
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2276:
2257:
2244:Viking Empires
2230:
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2199:
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2135:
2117:
2091:
2074:
2049:
2008:
1974:
1947:
1926:
1897:
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1770:
1751:
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1508:Medieval Greek
1491:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1449:Komnenian army
1446:
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1436:
1434:Byzantine army
1431:
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1383:
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1286:
1270:
1253:
1245:The Long Ships
1236:
1221:
1203:
1200:Viking Trilogy
1193:
1181:
1172:was a Russian
1163:
1160:
1074:Byzantine Army
1056:, depicting a
1040:Main article:
1037:
1034:
986:Askold and Dir
930:John Skylitzes
921:
918:
800:
797:
741:Rus' Khaganate
725:Staraya Ladoga
651:
649:
648:
439:
436:
346:Medieval Greek
342:
339:
319:Norse paganism
303:Byzantine Army
280:Constantinople
233:Rus' Khaganate
126:
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5976:Stone of Eric
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5435:Grímur Kamban
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5390:Eric Bloodaxe
5388:
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5320:Amlaíb Conung
5318:
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5315:Amlaíb Cuarán
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5308:
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5279:Shield-maiden
5277:
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5269:Ring Fortress
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5168:
5167:Sack of Paris
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
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5093:
5090:
5088:
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5083:
5080:
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5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
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5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
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4938:
4935:
4933:
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4928:
4925:
4923:
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4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
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4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
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4823:
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4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
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4790:
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4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4657:British Isles
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4614:North America
4612:
4610:
4609:Faroe Islands
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
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4535:
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4517:
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4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
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4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Norse rituals
4432:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4419:Norse funeral
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Elder Futhark
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4305:
4303:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4282:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
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4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
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4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
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4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:Crimean Goths
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3830:Salian Franks
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
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3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:Early culture
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
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2929:
2925:
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2916:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2724:91-7156-015-7
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:91-88930-32-7
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:0-04-940049-5
2691:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:0-521-21745-8
2673:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:John Kinnamos
2611:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2575:
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2567:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2436:9780816030040
2432:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2403:9780816030040
2399:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2370:9780816030040
2366:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:Marika Mägi,
2283:
2281:
2277:
2264:
2260:
2258:0-521-82992-5
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2224:91-7810-885-3
2220:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:9789127134782
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2057:Bugge, Sophus
2053:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1893:1-84176-759-X
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1827:
1823:
1821:90-04-13874-9
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1758:
1754:
1752:0-313-31101-3
1748:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1732:
1719:
1715:
1713:0-7148-2549-2
1709:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1693:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Poul Anderson
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Västergötland
1117:
1116:Västgötalagen
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:Alf Henrikson
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:The earliest
931:
926:
919:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
858:
854:
850:
848:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
806:
799:Islamic world
798:
796:
792:
788:
786:
782:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
660:
656:
647:
645:
641:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
499:
494:
487:
483:
479:
474:
467:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
340:
338:
336:
335:Scandinavians
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
211:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
176:
134:
121:
118:
116:
115:Lemnos (1024)
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
84:
73:
68:
66:
61:
59:
54:
53:
50:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
5795:Vagn Åkesson
5715:Skalla-Grímr
5710:Sitric Caech
5575:Leif Erikson
5555:Ketilsdóttir
5395:Erik the Red
5187:Arms, armour
4577:and colonies
4566:Visby lenses
4556:Viking ships
4449:Raven banner
3561:Anglo-Saxons
3551:Adrabaecampi
3534:Bucinobantes
3276:Architecture
3114:
3084:
3064:White Shores
3062:
3055:
3027:
3020:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2956:
2939:
2914:
2754:
2739:
2715:
2700:
2685:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2645:Laxdœla saga
2643:
2638:Heimskringla
2636:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2609:
2605:Anna Komnena
2598:
2587:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2544:
2533:, retrieved
2513:
2506:
2497:
2472:
2464:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2420:
2412:
2387:
2379:
2354:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2310:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2267:. Retrieved
2243:
2214:
2210:
2186:
2182:
2167:
2146:
2145:The article
2099:
2094:
2077:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
1982:
1977:
1969:
1950:
1945:, 1978, p. 4
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1905:
1900:
1880:
1872:
1862:30 September
1860:. Retrieved
1851:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1806:
1799:
1789:30 September
1787:. Retrieved
1783:the original
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1741:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1702:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1674:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1644:
1634:
1624:30 September
1622:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1596:
1580:
1570:30 September
1568:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1515:
1495:
1464:Piraeus Lion
1394:
1391:Living Souls
1390:
1387:Dmitry Bykov
1377:
1368:
1361:
1348:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1228:
1206:
1196:Henry Treece
1188:
1167:
1156:
1143:Anglo-Saxons
1140:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1099:in his book
1082:
1069:
1063:
1051:
1026:
1023:
1021:in 968–971.
1019:Sviatoslav I
983:
974:
970:
940:
934:
883:
859:
855:
851:
843:
832:who visited
793:
789:
784:
777:
773:
771:
752:
744:
730:
716:
668:
662:
629:coat-of-arms
618:
605:Piraeus Lion
580:
569:
546:
529:
525:
503:
431:
423:
419:
415:
408:
406:Old Frankish
401:
394:
390:
386:
382:
376:
372:
365:
357:
349:
344:
296:
245:
214:
212:
208:Anglo-Saxons
132:
130:
29:
5765:Thorir Hund
5695:Sigurd Ring
5550:Jomsvikings
5247:Yarm helmet
4682:Isle of Man
4636:Kievan Rus'
4469:Skíðblaðnir
4423:ship burial
4342:Brisingamen
4001:Nahanarvali
3924:Hilleviones
3837:Frisiavones
3705:Cananefates
3695:Burgundians
3606:Banochaemae
3456:Anglo-Saxon
3407:Anglo-Saxon
3373:Anglo-Saxon
3356:Anglo-Saxon
3339:Anglo-Saxon
2535:13 December
2269:13 December
2089:p. 143–144.
2031:'captive',
1556:"Varangian"
1362:Sword Songs
1358:Grand Magus
1356:Track 2 of
1345:Amon Amarth
1343:Track 5 of
1308:Easterlings
1263:H. G. Wells
1128:Kievan Rus'
1085:Scandinavia
1000:. The Rus'
945:Paphlagonia
875:Volga Delta
818:Ship burial
650:Kievan Rus'
496:One of the
434:'steward'.
432:fauragaggja
413:Langobardic
399:Old English
272:Caspian Sea
260:Norse sagas
223:settled in
189:Kievan Rus'
6053:Varangians
6047:Categories
5824:Runestones
5340:Berle-Kari
5305:Airdeconut
4499:Viking art
4494:Viking Age
4220:Vinoviloth
4008:Marcomanni
3991:Helveconae
3969:Heaðobards
3939:Istvaeones
3929:Ingaevones
3914:Hermunduri
3882:Ostrogoths
3872:Greuthungi
3750:Chattuarii
3576:Angrivarii
3571:Ampsivarii
3539:Lentienses
3368:Literature
3258:Viking Age
3115:Varangians
3070:Miklagarðr
3051:Bjarmaland
3016:Pallteskja
2805:Varangians
2594:Kekaumenos
2332:8 February
2027:'beggar",
1987:in Italian
1832:1 December
1807:Viking Rus
1610:"væringer"
1487:References
1274:John Ringo
1261:(1933) by
1189:Blood Feud
1058:Thracesian
1030:Greek fire
902:Sviatoslav
894:Azerbaijan
834:Kievan Rus
585:, such as
514:Viking Age
506:runestones
438:Runestones
331:Viking Age
311:bodyguards
133:Varangians
5785:Turgesius
5660:Reginheri
5630:Palnatoke
5415:Freygeirr
5197:Berserker
4721:Pomerania
4716:Rhineland
4645:Expansion
4594:Greenland
4575:Homelands
4519:Yggdrasil
4439:Old Norse
4394:Hnefatafl
4362:Einherjar
4215:Vidivarii
4210:Victohali
4200:Vangiones
4133:Thuringii
4038:Nuithones
3934:Irminones
3897:Visigoths
3887:Thervingi
3847:Gambrivii
3800:Dulgubnii
3795:Dauciones
3745:Chasuarii
3685:Brondings
3611:Bastarnae
3601:Baiuvarii
3581:Armalausi
3544:Raetovari
3478:Languages
3446:Symbology
3306:Folklore
3301:Festivals
3097:Smaleskja
3057:Khortitsa
3035:Kænugarðr
3029:Chernigov
2964:Hólmgarðr
2913:Names in
2905:Garðaríki
2716:Runstenar
2290:Austrvegr
2206:See also:
2174:Byzantine
1597:Ruthenica
1536:Varangian
1504:Væringjar
1500:Old Norse
1459:Oeselians
1389:'s novel
1207:Byzantium
998:Black Sea
967:Ingelheim
937:Byzantine
898:dysentery
828:traveler
785:Varangian
774:Varangian
763:Curonians
699:Gnyozdovo
679:Garðaríki
583:Pr5 style
572:Pr4 style
549:RAK style
534:Garðaríki
530:Austrvegr
424:foregenga
409:wargengus
370:Old Norse
348:Βάραγγος
341:Etymology
256:Black Sea
252:Gardariki
248:mercenary
201:Byzantine
18:Varangian
5810:Uí Ímair
5590:Náttfari
5570:Lagertha
5530:Hvitserk
5262:Ingelrii
5257:Ulfberht
5237:Dane axe
4709:Normandy
4704:Brittany
4687:Scotland
4631:Jomsborg
4604:Shetland
4551:Longship
4489:Valkyrie
4484:Valhalla
4414:Norsemen
4404:Leysingi
4399:Holmgang
4347:Danegeld
4281:Category
4188:Hasdingi
4173:Usipetes
4153:Tubantes
4138:Toxandri
4118:Tencteri
4093:Suarines
4078:Sicambri
4073:Semnones
4053:Reudigni
4023:Mattiaci
4013:Marsacii
3964:Lombards
3954:Lacringi
3949:Juthungi
3780:Corconti
3765:Cherusci
3740:Charudes
3720:Chaedini
3690:Bructeri
3675:Bateinoi
3646:Eburones
3641:Condrusi
3636:Caeroesi
3631:Atuatuci
3566:Ambrones
3529:Brisgavi
3524:Alemanni
3402:Paganism
3291:Clothing
3286:Calendar
3233:Germania
3155:Blakumen
3120:Kylfings
3102:Súrdalar
3092:Særkland
3022:Gnezdovo
2977:Timerevo
2958:Duboviki
2947:Aldeigja
2759:Archived
2580:Russian
2529:archived
2351:(1994).
2326:Archived
2263:Archived
2151:Archived
2105:Archived
2065:Archived
2045:leysingi
2041:lausingi
2039:'wolf',
2037:heiðingi
2035:'luck',
2033:hamingja
2029:bandingi
2019:'heir',
2001:Archived
1990:Archived
1985:1 (2007)
1958:Archived
1910:Archived
1856:Archived
1826:Archived
1763:31 March
1757:Archived
1724:30 March
1718:Archived
1679:Archived
1649:Archived
1618:Archived
1589:Archived
1564:Archived
1539:Archived
1516:Várangoi
1512:Βάραγγοι
1454:Kylfings
1406:See also
1136:Þingalið
1009:and the
994:monoxyla
949:Frankish
916:(1042).
759:Danegeld
733:Aldeigja
695:Novgorod
683:Serkland
609:lindworm
488:, Sweden
416:waregang
402:wærgenga
350:Várangos
290:and the
274:and the
225:Novgorod
6015:Related
5585:Naddodd
5510:Hastein
5485:Hagrold
5455:Guthrum
5450:Guthred
5335:Bagsecg
5232:Skeggöx
5222:Halberd
4750:Battles
4726:Estonia
4662:Danelaw
4624:Vinland
4589:Iceland
4514:Wergeld
4479:Tyrfing
4464:Seeress
4409:Mjölnir
4367:Futhark
4330:Culture
4323:Vikings
4205:Varisci
4193:Silingi
4183:Vandals
4158:Tulingi
4148:Triboci
4143:Treveri
4123:Teutons
4113:Taifals
4088:Sitones
4028:Nemetes
3986:Helisii
3959:Lemovii
3877:Gutones
3810:Firaesi
3805:Favonae
3785:Cugerni
3775:Cobandi
3730:Chamavi
3725:Chaemae
3715:Casuari
3710:Caritni
3680:Betasii
3651:Paemani
3586:Auiones
3451:Warfare
3429:Scripts
3397:Numbers
3221:History
3150:Khazars
3145:Bulgars
3080:Rostofa
3075:Móramar
2984:Balymer
2970:Sarskoe
2952:Álaborg
2941:Lyubsha
2928:Volkhov
2915:italics
2600:Alexiad
2131:Rundata
2113:Rundata
2025:aumingi
2021:armingi
2017:erfingi
1983:Mirator
1907:Vikings
1685:4 April
1655:4 April
1645:HISTORY
1399:Khazars
1289:Turisas
1283:Georgia
1267:Doughty
1250:Red Orm
1118:, from
1112:Swedish
1089:Denmark
1015:Balkans
960:Emperor
914:Georgia
847:Baghdad
840:(1883).
745:Varyags
703:Gotland
671:the Rus
613:Swedish
420:foringi
395:-gangia
373:væringi
364:варѧгъ
358:varjagŭ
356:варягъ
270:to the
193:Polotsk
179:) were
5800:Veborg
5520:Hervor
5330:Auisle
5227:Atgeir
5207:Hersir
4736:Dublin
4731:Iberia
4699:France
4692:Wessex
4672:Mercia
4667:Anglia
4474:Thrall
4225:Warini
4178:Vagoth
4163:Tungri
4128:Thelir
4108:Swedes
4103:Sunici
4068:Saxons
4063:Rugini
3996:Manimi
3981:Diduni
3919:Heruli
3857:Gepids
3842:Frisii
3820:Franks
3770:Cimbri
3760:Chauci
3755:Chatti
3668:Nervii
3663:Morini
3621:Belgae
3616:Batavi
3591:Avarpi
3556:Angles
3516:Groups
3466:Viking
3412:Gothic
3390:Gothic
3296:Family
3125:Chudes
2770:
2746:
2722:
2707:
2692:
2674:
2521:
2485:
2433:
2400:
2367:
2318:
2255:
2221:
2197:
2085:
1921:
1891:
1818:
1749:
1710:
1212:
1169:Varyag
1132:London
1093:Norway
871:Khazar
863:Gorgan
767:Grobin
691:Ladoga
665:(1899)
642:, see
637:Viking
595:Oxford
510:Sweden
466:Sweden
454:, and
428:Gothic
366:varęgŭ
268:Baltic
185:Sweden
181:Viking
5680:Rusla
5675:Rorik
5670:Rollo
5625:Ottir
5252:Sword
4741:Italy
4546:Knarr
4537:Ships
4459:Skald
4454:Sagas
4389:Gothi
4357:Eddas
4098:Suebi
4083:Sciri
4058:Rugii
4048:Quadi
4033:Njars
4018:Marsi
3976:Lugii
3944:Jutes
3909:Harii
3904:Gutes
3862:Goths
3852:Geats
3790:Danes
3735:Chali
3656:Segni
3596:Baemi
3439:Runes
3424:Rings
3417:Norse
3385:Names
3378:Norse
3361:Norse
3344:Norse
3140:Merya
3135:Slavs
3004:Dvina
2919:Norse
2213:[
2185:[
1223:Also
1066:Greek
979:Danes
890:Arran
886:Barda
879:Volga
820:of a
780:'
747:, in
737:Norse
721:Rurik
526:Austr
522:runes
482:U 161
480:, on
383:gengi
309:(the
286:with
229:Rurik
197:Turov
5805:Ubba
5375:Cnut
5212:Hird
4677:York
4337:Blót
4168:Ubii
3815:Fosi
3700:Buri
3130:Rus'
2768:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2705:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2672:ISBN
2537:2015
2519:ISBN
2483:ISBN
2431:ISBN
2398:ISBN
2365:ISBN
2334:2021
2316:ISBN
2271:2015
2253:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2178:See:
2083:ISBN
1966:1172
1919:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1864:2015
1834:2009
1816:ISBN
1791:2015
1765:2023
1747:ISBN
1726:2023
1708:ISBN
1687:2022
1657:2022
1626:2015
1572:2015
1334:and
1272:The
1248:(or
1210:ISBN
1091:and
971:Rhos
867:Iran
826:Arab
807:and
701:and
693:and
633:Täby
563:and
486:Täby
476:The
426:and
411:and
391:-ing
352:and
237:Oleg
221:Rus'
195:and
131:The
4352:Dís
4043:Osi
3351:Law
3281:Art
3208:of
2863:945
2858:911
2853:907
2612:by
2603:by
2592:by
2479:135
2427:184
2394:198
2361:194
2288:In
2043:or
2023:or
1255:In
1227:'s
1198:'s
1138:).
1017:by
912:in
822:Rus
778:Rus
765:of
631:of
593:in
574:is
387:vár
378:vár
321:to
313:of
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