130:
254:
A reconstruction of a Proto-Vasconic language is almost impossible with currently available information. More data and research are needed to reconstruct the basics of a proto-language, as well as more information surrounding the neighboring extinct languages such as
Iberian and the relationship it
231:. Trask states: "Nonetheless, the diversification should not be exaggerated, as has often been done in the literature: the dialects are overwhelmingly congruent in their fundamentals and differ chiefly in vocabulary and in a few low-level phonological rules."
314:"Review: Europa Vasconica-Europa Semitica Theo Vennemann, Gen. Nierfeld, in: Patrizia Noel Aziz Hanna (Ed.), Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 138, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 2003, pp. xxii + 977"
3106:
181:
entered Europe and left traces in the modern languages of Europe. Along with other hypotheses that seek to relate Basque to other languages of the world, this is widely rejected by
2304:
2439:
251:
and various others to
Vasconic. None of these theories have been able to provide convincing data, and they are rejected by most mainstream Basque linguists.
3156:
406:
283:
207:
puts it: "Aquitanian is so closely related to Basque that we can, for practical purposes, regard it as being the more-or-less direct ancestor of Basque",
3096:
1929:
3301:
1819:
1400:
3311:
901:
2086:
360:
196:
are distinct languages rather than dialects. However, these notions contradict conventional views on these languages, in two areas:
3179:
2062:
2432:
1301:
256:
3021:
3009:
1220:
1156:
399:
1833:
1584:
1075:
3086:
1946:
1081:
3236:
3226:
3221:
2914:
2698:
2693:
2299:
906:
692:
686:
610:
293:
3066:
1993:
1281:
313:
3241:
3211:
2309:
2294:
1294:
1052:
1013:
3091:
2068:
926:
3189:
2530:
2425:
2289:
2283:
1341:
1259:
1232:
936:
1855:
1313:
971:
931:
921:
2858:
1516:
1111:
941:
627:
392:
166:
28:
2074:
2050:
2025:
1998:
1981:
889:
460:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3114:
3036:
3031:
2687:
2673:
2448:
2267:
991:
946:
916:
415:
2797:
1746:
1578:
633:
449:
3306:
3081:
3026:
2627:
2516:
2314:
2121:
1758:
640:
240:
2895:
2790:
2740:
2719:
2710:
2592:
2509:
2469:
1319:
1244:
647:
597:
268:
3051:
3046:
2811:
2783:
2774:
2733:
2333:
2181:
1976:
1971:
1752:
1705:
1335:
1252:
911:
895:
703:
604:
467:
443:
220:
182:
2804:
669:
255:
has with
Vasconic. Reconstruction of a hypothesized Vasconic Proto-language could only be done using the
3203:
3076:
3056:
2599:
2537:
2379:
2277:
1966:
1769:
1559:
1548:
1510:
1117:
1091:
996:
986:
585:
436:
273:
211:
129:
2080:
1805:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3014:
2868:
2681:
2565:
2354:
2239:
2111:
1919:
1892:
1875:
1843:
1741:
1455:
1380:
1307:
1086:
1063:
1035:
966:
877:
658:
3231:
3004:
2989:
2924:
2726:
2648:
2558:
2551:
2502:
2460:
2131:
2035:
1935:
1924:
1886:
1865:
1763:
1722:
1497:
1479:
1473:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1347:
1330:
1069:
735:
722:
616:
566:
423:
244:
189:
174:
155:
78:
2965:
2919:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1987:
1956:
1951:
1904:
1898:
1849:
1794:
1717:
1601:
1565:
1526:
1468:
1275:
1270:
981:
740:
709:
675:
663:
622:
497:
278:
2142:
2105:
27:
This article is about the contemporary language group. For the proposal by Theo
Vennemann, see
3169:
3146:
3141:
3119:
3061:
2839:
2762:
2655:
2147:
2136:
2116:
2056:
1961:
1941:
1880:
1860:
1571:
1532:
1503:
1491:
1428:
1374:
1352:
1325:
1265:
1238:
1057:
1018:
1008:
976:
849:
775:
757:
751:
653:
571:
485:
454:
375:
356:
200:
Theories regarding the relationship between
Aquitanian and Basque, which suggest that either:
3131:
3124:
3071:
2999:
2994:
2951:
2944:
2874:
2818:
2756:
2662:
2634:
2620:
2606:
2523:
2495:
2483:
2476:
2364:
2224:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2163:
2157:
2152:
2126:
2019:
1914:
1838:
1776:
1728:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1624:
1608:
1543:
1538:
1521:
1462:
1356:
1288:
1199:
1166:
1144:
1134:
1030:
1002:
951:
872:
856:
842:
824:
817:
803:
763:
745:
729:
715:
537:
520:
236:
159:
121:
2958:
2909:
2863:
2746:
2641:
2613:
2572:
2489:
2359:
2234:
2219:
2188:
1909:
1870:
1735:
1681:
1553:
1415:
1181:
1176:
1041:
956:
837:
830:
810:
792:
697:
680:
479:
228:
193:
151:
84:
66:
60:
173:, who speculated that the ancestors of the Basque spread across Europe at the end of the
3136:
2904:
2369:
2229:
2198:
2169:
1800:
1686:
1669:
1619:
1614:
1485:
1422:
1192:
1186:
1106:
1101:
1047:
1024:
769:
591:
548:
531:
525:
503:
491:
288:
170:
142:
259:, although the accuracy of the reconstructed proto-language would still be uncertain.
3295:
2253:
2193:
2175:
1691:
1675:
1629:
1386:
1206:
1171:
1161:
1139:
1096:
961:
542:
474:
3041:
2849:
2583:
1150:
235:
Various attempts have been made to tie other languages, modern or extinct, such as
320:
349:
224:
204:
2417:
3216:
2935:
2885:
2751:
797:
178:
384:
107:
93:
188:
Proponents of a
Vasconic language family argue that Basque and the extinct
133:
Proposed area of the theoretical pre-Indo-European
Vasconic language group
99:
248:
17:
2452:
219:
The view that varieties of Basque are dialects with varying degrees of
2544:
2374:
2272:
128:
2421:
2393:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
388:
165:
The concept of the
Vasconic languages is often linked to the
150:'Basque') are a putative family of languages that includes
34:
Proposed language family including Basque and
Aquitanian
3202:
3155:
3105:
2978:
2933:
2893:
2884:
2848:
2773:
2709:
2672:
2582:
2459:
2347:
2324:
2252:
2096:
1818:
1786:
1704:
1593:
1399:
1366:
1219:
1127:
871:
785:
562:
513:
422:
116:
106:
92:
72:
59:
49:
39:
223:. This view is held by scholars such as Trask,
2433:
400:
203:Aquitanian is the ancestor of Basque, and as
8:
3277:Families with more than 30 languages are in
2403:Families with more than 30 languages are in
145:
2982:
2890:
2440:
2426:
2418:
2260:
1826:
1710:
1407:
1225:
882:
577:
428:
407:
393:
385:
284:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
192:are close relatives, or that the modern
345:
343:
341:
305:
36:
214:is the parent language of Aquitanian,
71:
7:
162:is sometimes tentatively included.
25:
167:Vasconic substratum hypothesis
1:
294:Vasconic substrate hypothesis
3302:Pre-Indo-European languages
241:the language of the Nuraghe
3328:
3312:Proposed language families
3097:Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric
247:, and the language of the
29:Vasconic substratum theory
26:
3265:
2985:
2388:
2263:
1829:
1713:
1410:
1228:
885:
580:
431:
416:Primary language families
61:Linguistic classification
44:
1233:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
3274:have no living members.
3157:East and Southeast Asia
2400:have no living members.
269:Paleohispanic languages
210:or that a hypothetical
2380:Unclassified languages
2334:list of sign languages
1302:Northeastern Tasmanian
221:mutual intelligibility
146:
134:
2355:Constructed languages
353:The History of Basque
274:Paleohispanic scripts
132:
902:Binanderean–Goilalan
183:historical linguists
2915:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
2699:Northwest Caucasian
2694:Northeast Caucasian
2184:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
2087:Tequiraca–Canichana
1930:Harákmbut–Katukinan
693:Northwest Caucasian
687:Northeast Caucasian
611:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
355:, Routledge: 1997,
194:varieties of Basque
190:Aquitanian language
175:last glacial period
156:Aquitanian language
3180:Austronesian–Ongan
2979:Proposed groupings
1806:Tarascan/Purépecha
1295:Northern Tasmanian
1053:South Bougainville
1014:North Bougainville
373:Euskalkiz Euskalki
279:Prehistoric Iberia
257:comparative method
139:Vasconic languages
135:
3289:
3288:
3198:
3197:
3190:Sino-Austronesian
2974:
2973:
2449:Language families
2415:
2414:
2365:Language isolates
2343:
2342:
2248:
2247:
1814:
1813:
1700:
1699:
1395:
1394:
1342:Western Tasmanian
1260:Eastern Tasmanian
1215:
1214:
937:East Geelvink Bay
867:
866:
558:
557:
376:Basque Government
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
3319:
3257:Proto-Euphratean
2983:
2891:
2859:Great Andamanese
2442:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2261:
2215:Huaorani/Waorani
2099:(extant in 2000)
2063:Esmeralda–Yaruro
1834:Andoque–Urequena
1827:
1711:
1517:Plateau Penutian
1408:
1383:(Northern Daly?)
1226:
1112:Northwest Papuan
1076:Trans–New Guinea
942:East New Britain
917:Central Solomons
883:
628:Great Andamanese
578:
429:
409:
402:
395:
386:
379:
369:
363:
347:
336:
335:
333:
331:
325:
319:. Archived from
318:
310:
160:Iberian language
154:and the extinct
149:
122:extinct language
102:
37:
21:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3307:Basque language
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3261:
3252:Paleo-Laplandic
3247:Pre-Finno-Ugric
3194:
3151:
3115:Greater Siangic
3101:
3087:Uralic–Yukaghir
3037:Ibero-Caucasian
3032:Elamo-Dravidian
2970:
2929:
2880:
2844:
2769:
2705:
2688:North Caucasian
2668:
2578:
2517:Paleo-Sardinian
2455:
2446:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2384:
2370:Mixed languages
2339:
2320:
2255:
2244:
2098:
2092:
1947:Katembri–Taruma
1821:
1810:
1782:
1696:
1589:
1402:
1391:
1362:
1211:
1123:
1082:Turama–Kikorian
992:Lower Mamberamo
947:East Strickland
875:
863:
781:
569:
564:
554:
509:
418:
413:
383:
382:
370:
366:
348:
339:
329:
327:
326:on June 9, 2010
323:
316:
312:
311:
307:
302:
265:
229:Koldo Mitxelena
112:(not evaluated)
98:
67:language family
51:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3325:
3323:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Uralo-Siberian
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Serbi–Mongolic
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3027:Dravido-Korean
3024:
3022:Dené–Yeniseian
3019:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3010:Dené–Caucasian
3007:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2628:Hurro-Urartian
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2510:Paleo-Corsican
2506:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Indo-Pakistani
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Piaroa–Saliban
1991:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1761:
1759:Tequistlatecan
1756:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1282:Marrku–Wurrugu
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
892:
886:
880:
869:
868:
865:
864:
862:
861:
853:
846:
840:
835:
827:
822:
814:
807:
800:
795:
789:
787:
783:
782:
780:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
738:
733:
726:
719:
712:
707:
700:
695:
690:
683:
678:
673:
666:
661:
656:
651:
644:
641:Hurro-Urartian
637:
630:
625:
620:
613:
608:
601:
594:
589:
581:
575:
560:
559:
556:
555:
553:
552:
546:
540:
535:
528:
523:
517:
515:
511:
510:
508:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
472:
464:
457:
452:
447:
440:
432:
426:
420:
419:
414:
412:
411:
404:
397:
389:
381:
380:
364:
337:
304:
303:
301:
298:
297:
296:
291:
289:Proto-language
286:
281:
276:
271:
264:
261:
233:
232:
217:
216:
215:
208:
171:Theo Vennemann
158:. The extinct
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
110:
104:
103:
96:
90:
89:
88:
87:
82:
74:
70:
69:
63:
57:
56:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3324:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Eskimo–Uralic
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:Paleosiberian
2892:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2791:Austroasiatic
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2741:Austroasiatic
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2720:Indo-European
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2593:Indo-European
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2470:Indo-European
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Original Thai
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:Hibito–Cholón
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1585:Yuman–CochimĂ
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:Southern Daly
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:Darwin Region
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
927:Demta–Sentani
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:
893:
891:
888:
887:
884:
881:
879:
874:
870:
860:
858:
854:
852:
851:
847:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
832:
828:
826:
823:
821:
819:
815:
813:
812:
808:
806:
805:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
784:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:
727:
725:
724:
720:
718:
717:
713:
711:
708:
706:
705:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
688:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
671:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:
648:Indo-European
645:
643:
642:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
618:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:
602:
600:
599:
598:Austroasiatic
595:
593:
590:
588:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
568:
561:
550:
547:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
533:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
516:
512:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
476:
473:
470:
469:
465:
463:
462:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
445:
441:
439:
438:
434:
433:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
391:
390:
387:
377:
374:
368:
365:
362:
361:0-415-13116-2
358:
354:
351:
346:
344:
342:
338:
322:
315:
309:
306:
299:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
262:
260:
258:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
209:
206:
202:
201:
199:
198:
197:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
148:
144:
140:
131:
123:
120:†denotes an
119:
115:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
95:
91:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
75:
68:
64:
62:
58:
55:France, Spain
54:
48:
43:
38:
30:
19:
3278:
3271:
3270:Families in
3227:Pre-Goidelic
3222:Pre-Germanic
3052:Indo-Semitic
3047:Indo-Pacific
3042:Indo-Hittite
2957:
2950:
2943:
2873:
2850:Indian Ocean
2817:
2812:Austronesian
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2784:Sino-Tibetan
2782:
2761:
2739:
2734:Sino-Tibetan
2732:
2725:
2718:
2686:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2538:North Picene
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2404:
2397:
2396:Families in
2331:
2282:
2180:
2168:
2018:
1986:
1977:Pano-Tacanan
1934:
1897:
1885:
1856:Arutani–Sape
1848:
1793:
1775:
1768:
1753:Oto-Manguean
1751:
1734:
1727:
1674:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1607:
1600:
1577:
1570:
1558:
1531:
1509:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1421:
1414:
1373:
1340:
1336:Western Daly
1314:Pama–Nyungan
1312:
1300:
1293:
1280:
1258:
1253:Eastern Daly
1251:
1243:
1198:
1074:
1062:
1040:
1023:
1001:
972:Kaure–Kosare
932:Doso–Turumsa
922:Chimbu–Wahgi
912:Bulaka River
896:Austronesian
894:
855:
848:
829:
816:
809:
802:
728:
721:
714:
704:Sino-Tibetan
702:
685:
668:
646:
639:
632:
615:
605:Austronesian
603:
596:
584:
530:
468:Nilo-Saharan
466:
459:
444:Austronesian
442:
435:
372:
367:
352:
328:. Retrieved
321:the original
308:
253:
234:
212:Proto-Basque
187:
164:
138:
136:
73:Subdivisions
52:distribution
3077:Ural-Altaic
3057:Indo-Uralic
2869:Sentinelese
2600:Afroasiatic
2566:Eteocypriot
2290:Germanosign
2194:Mura-PirahĂŁ
2075:Lule–Vilela
2051:Bora-Witoto
2026:Uru–Chipaya
1999:Ticuna–Yuri
1982:Peba–Yaguan
1967:Nambikwaran
1770:Uto-Aztecan
1706:Mesoamerica
1560:Uto-Aztecan
1549:Tsimshianic
1511:Palaihnihan
1381:Malak-Malak
1118:Papuan Gulf
1092:West Papuan
997:Lower Sepik
987:Lakes Plain
890:Arai–Samaia
878:the Pacific
586:Afroasiatic
461:Niger–Congo
437:Afroasiatic
371:Pagola, RM
225:Koldo Zuazo
205:Larry Trask
179:Cro-Magnons
3296:Categories
3217:Pre-Celtic
3185:East Asian
3175:Austro-Tai
3165:Andamanese
3015:Eurasiatic
2936:North Asia
2886:North Asia
2798:Hmong–Mien
2752:Burushaski
2711:South Asia
2682:Kartvelian
2649:Philistine
2559:Eteocretan
2503:Tartessian
2284:Francosign
2132:Chiquitano
2112:Alacalufan
1920:Guaicuruan
1893:Chapacuran
1876:Cahuapanan
1844:Araucanian
1747:Mixe–Zoque
1742:Misumalpan
1456:Comecrudan
1308:Nyulnyulan
1087:Upper Yuat
1064:Torricelli
1036:Senu River
967:Foja Range
873:New Guinea
798:Burushaski
659:Kartvelian
634:Hmong–Mien
450:Khoe–Kwadi
300:References
245:Tartessian
79:Aquitanian
50:Geographic
45:(proposed)
3242:Pre-Vedic
3232:Pre-Greek
3204:Substrata
3107:Arunachal
3005:Nostratic
2990:Alarodian
2925:Yeniseian
2775:East Asia
2727:Dravidian
2584:West Asia
2552:Tyrsenian
2315:Tanzanian
2256:languages
2153:HodĂŻ/Joti
2097:Isolates
2036:Yanomaman
1972:Otomákoan
1936:Jirajaran
1925:Guajiboan
1887:Catacaoan
1866:Barbacoan
1795:Cuitlatec
1764:Totonacan
1723:Jicaquean
1602:Chimariko
1498:Muskogean
1480:Kalapuyan
1474:Iroquoian
1449:Chumashan
1442:Chinookan
1435:Chimakuan
1353:Yangmanic
1348:Worrorran
1331:Wagaydyic
1221:Australia
1070:Trans-Fly
736:Yeniseian
723:Tyrsenian
617:Dravidian
350:Trask, L.
177:when the
108:Glottolog
94:ISO 639-5
65:Proposed
3237:Vasconic
3212:Atlantic
2966:Eskaleut
2920:Yukaghir
2835:Koreanic
2830:Tungusic
2825:Mongolic
2763:Harappan
2674:Caucasus
2656:Sumerian
2531:Ligurian
2348:See also
2325:Isolates
2300:Japanese
2240:Yuracaré
2122:Candoshi
2081:Macro-JĂŞ
2046:Zaparoan
2041:Zamucoan
2031:Witotoan
2014:Tucanoan
2009:Tiniguan
2004:Timotean
1988:Quechuan
1957:Matacoan
1952:Mascoian
1942:Jivaroan
1905:Chibchan
1899:Charruan
1850:Arawakan
1787:Isolates
1718:Chibchan
1594:Isolates
1566:Wakashan
1527:Salishan
1469:Eskaleut
1375:Giimbiyu
1367:Isolates
1276:Jarrakan
1271:Iwaidjan
1128:Isolates
982:Kutubuan
850:Sumerian
786:Isolates
741:Yukaghir
710:Tungusic
676:Mongolic
664:Koreanic
623:Eskaleut
514:Isolates
498:Ubangian
330:July 11,
263:See also
249:Cantabri
40:Vasconic
18:Vasconic
3272:italics
3170:Austric
3147:Kho-Bwa
3142:Hrusish
3120:Siangic
3062:Karasuk
2962: ?
2875:Kenaboi
2840:Japonic
2805:Kra–Dai
2766: ?
2757:Kusunda
2663:Elamite
2635:Kassite
2621:Kaskian
2524:Camunic
2496:Iberian
2453:Eurasia
2398:italics
2375:Pidgins
2360:Creoles
2310:Swedish
2278:Chinese
2225:Urarina
2210:Puinave
2164:Itonama
2158:Irantxe
2127:Chimane
2057:Chimuan
1962:Nadahup
1881:Cariban
1861:Aymaran
1822:America
1664:Waikuri
1657:Tonkawa
1650:Timucua
1643:Takelma
1636:Siuslaw
1625:Kutenai
1609:Esselen
1572:Wintuan
1533:Shastan
1504:Na-Dene
1492:Maiduan
1429:Caddoan
1403:America
1357:Wagiman
1355:(incl.
1326:Tangkic
1266:Garawan
1239:Bunuban
1200:Tambora
1167:Maybrat
1135:Abinomn
1058:Teberan
1019:Pauwasi
1009:Mairasi
977:Kiwaian
857:Tambora
843:Shompen
825:Kusunda
818:Kenaboi
804:Elamite
776:Siangic
758:Kho-Bwa
752:Hrusish
670:Kra–Dai
654:Japonic
563:Eurasia
538:Sandawe
521:Bangime
486:Songhay
237:Iberian
3132:Mijiic
3125:Digaro
3072:Pontic
3000:Borean
2995:Altaic
2959:Rouran
2952:Turkic
2945:Uralic
2934:Other
2819:Turkic
2747:Nihali
2642:Gutian
2614:Hattic
2607:Turkic
2573:Minoan
2545:Sicani
2490:Basque
2484:Turkic
2477:Uralic
2461:Europe
2273:BANZSL
2235:Yamana
2220:Trumai
2189:Movima
2143:FulniĂ´
2106:AikanĂŁ
2020:Tupian
1915:Chonan
1839:Arauan
1777:Xincan
1729:Lencan
1682:Yokuts
1579:Yukian
1544:Tanoan
1539:Siouan
1522:Pomoan
1463:Coosan
1289:Mirndi
1182:Porome
1177:Pawaia
1031:Senagi
1003:Madang
952:Eleman
907:Border
838:Nihali
831:Minoan
811:Hattic
793:Basque
764:Mijiic
746:Digaro
730:Uralic
716:Turkic
567:Europe
424:Africa
359:
227:, and
152:Basque
141:(from
85:Basque
2910:Nivkh
2864:Ongan
2230:Warao
2199:Nukak
2170:Kunza
2148:GuatĂł
2137:Cofán
2117:Camsá
1910:Choco
1871:Boran
1820:South
1801:Huave
1736:Mayan
1687:Yuchi
1670:Washo
1620:Karuk
1615:Haida
1554:Utian
1486:Keres
1423:Alsea
1416:Algic
1401:North
1193:Taiap
1187:Sulka
1042:Sepik
957:Engan
698:Ongan
681:Nivkh
549:Shabo
532:Jalaa
526:Hadza
480:Mande
324:(PDF)
317:(PDF)
147:vasco
143:Latin
117:Notes
3279:bold
3137:Miju
2905:Ainu
2405:bold
2332:See
2268:Arab
2254:Sign
2205:Páez
2182:Maku
2176:Leco
1692:Zuni
1676:Yana
1630:Seri
1387:Tiwi
1207:Wiru
1172:Mpur
1162:Kuot
1145:AnĂŞm
1140:Abun
1107:Yuat
1102:Yawa
1048:Skou
1025:Ramu
876:and
770:Miju
592:Ainu
572:Asia
570:and
543:Laal
504:Kadu
492:Ijaw
455:Kx'a
378:1984
357:ISBN
332:2009
137:The
2852:rim
2451:of
1157:Kol
1151:Ata
1097:Yam
962:Fas
475:Tuu
169:of
100:euq
3298::
1359:)?
340:^
243:,
239:,
185:.
3281:.
2898:"
2894:"
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2434:t
2427:v
2407:.
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2201:?
2160:?
2139:?
2108:?
2089:?
2083:?
2077:?
2071:?
2065:?
2059:?
2053:?
1322:?
1285:?
1248:?
1235:?
1202:?
1195:?
1189:?
1153:?
1147:?
1120:?
1114:?
859:?
845:?
833:?
820:?
778:?
772:?
766:?
760:?
754:?
748:?
574:)
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545:?
506:?
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494:?
488:?
482:?
471:?
408:e
401:t
394:v
334:.
81:â€
31:.
20:)
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