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377:. A preliminary investigation by University of Kerala led by archaeologist Ajit Kumar has revealed the fort might have originally been 800 m (8,600 sq ft) in area. The fort's wall can be found on the northern and western (seaside) parts and has been constructed using large boulders set in mud mortar. The wide base of the wall tapers on its way up. Even now this part of Vizhinjam is known as Kottapuram, 'Kotta'
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As per the details of the agreement, Adani Group is free to operate the
Vizhinjam port for 40 years (extendable by 20 more years). The Kerala state government will start getting a portion of the revenue from the port after 15 years. The project also includes 360 acres of land (of which around 36% are
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The project commenced on 5 December 2015. AVPL had announced that the "first ship will berth at
Vizhinjam" on 1 September 2018 (the 1,000 days target). The AVPL is currently seeking an extension of the Phase I commission deadline to October 2020 from the Kerala government.
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had commercial establishments here. The Dutch have built a church in
Vizhinjam near to the sea shore, which is still functional and is referred as the Old Vizhinjam Church (Old St. Mary's Church). It is located in the Vizhinjam fishing harbour area.
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report, China had also wanted to partner with an un-named Indian company to build the port, but its overture was rejected by New Delhi on grounds of national security. It is speculated that the port will have berths for India's navy and coastguard.
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reclaimed from the sea) and a railway line (around 10 km long). The deadline for the commission of Phase I, Adani
Vizhinjam Port was fixed on 4 December 2019 in the 2015 agreement.
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The entire
Vizhinjam project was valued at around Rs. 75.25 billion. The AVPL had requested a Rs 16.35 billion grant for the project from the Kerala state government.
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An international port at
Vizhinjam was conceived as early as 1991. In August 2015, the Kerala government and Adani Vizhinjam Port (AVPL), representing the
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The region around
Vizhinjam has been known for maritime trade since ancient times. Pottery finds from the area indicates that Vizhinjam has been a part of
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Verma, Nidhi and Das, Krishna N. (28 July 2016). With eye on China, India doubles down on container hub ports.
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means Fort. The team was also able to trace literary and epigraphical references - of 9th to 12th century CE.
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at least since the second century BCE. It has been suggested that the coastal town named as Balita in the
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are said to have numerous references to the existence of a fort, port and a mansion at
Vizhinjam.
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Manoj, P. (19 August 2019). Adani to buy 70% stake in
Krishnapatnam Port for over ₹ 5,500 crore.
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between 7th to 11th century CE with
Vizhinjam as their capital. The Ay kingdom extended between
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Kumar, Ajit; S. V., Rajesh; G. S., Abhayan; V., Vinod; Stephen, Sujana (24 November 2023).
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669:"International Maritime Trade: Evidences from Vizhinjam Excavations, South Kerala"
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King Nedum Chadayan (8th century CE) have reference to Vizhinjam and its fort.
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790:"Excavations at Vizhinjam | Department of Archaeology, University of Kerala"
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As per historians, Vizhinjam, located at the extreme south-western tip of
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Regular buses operate in Vizhinjam from the City Bus Stand at
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led the protestors, who primarily belong to the dispossessed
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965:"Adani seeks help from Kerala govt on Vizhinjam Port"
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Vizhinjam International Seaport, Thiruvananthapuram
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302:Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram
18:Neighbourhood in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
710:"Land Rights of Ay Kingdom Based on Inscriptions"
346:shifted their capital to Vizhinjam, they built a
925:"Another extension for Vizhinjam port project?"
673:Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris
883:. உலகத் தமிழாராய்ச்சி நிறுவனம் (சென்னை). 1999.
576:. Cabs can be also hired at the bus stations.
373:and Vizhinjam, the capital, was sacked by the
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923:Radhakrishnan, S. Anil (17 September 2019).
632:Retrieved from www.thehindubusinessline.com
1440:Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering
854:"Shedding light on Vizhinjam's golden past"
775:Drāvida and Kerala in the Art of Travancore
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1367:Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station
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1079:"Booking priests unjustifiable, says KCBC"
1000:"Adani Port seeks time till October, 2020"
714:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
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2285:Tourist attractions in Thiruvananthapuram
1372:Thiruvananthapuram Pettah railway station
350:which is now considered to be the oldest
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358:dating to the eighth or ninth century.
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748:"Vizhinjam in historical perspective"
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407:Srivaramangalam copper plates of
330:The region was controlled by the
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1460:College of Engineering Attingal
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586:Vizhinjam International Seaport
546:Vizhinjam International Seaport
1031:Retrieved from in.reuters.com
294:Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
284:, the capital of the state of
204:Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
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2305:Suburbs of Thiruvananthapuram
1544:Culture of Thiruvananthapuram
1387:Neyyattinkara railway station
319:Periplus of the Erythrean Sea
1586:Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium
1581:Thiruvananthapuram Golf Club
524:15 kilometres (9.3 mi)
1154:Thiruvananthapuram district
880:பாண்டியர் செப்பேடுகள் பத்து
708:Jayadevan, Podmaja (1986).
537:8 kilometres (5.0 mi)
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1382:Kochuveli railway station
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671:. In Mathew, K.S. (ed.).
550:0 kilometres (0 mi)
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64:Location in Kerala, India
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2189:Kazhakkoottam-Menamkulam
1553:Lok Sabha constituencies
564:and as well as from the
630:The Hindu BusinessLine,
1814:Sarkara-Chirayinkeezhu
1488:Padmanabhaswamy Temple
1450:Mahatma Gandhi College
838:[Pandikkovai]
1407:Nemom railway station
811:"Digging up the past"
685:10.4324/9781315276823
322:is likely Vizhinjam.
215: • Official
1508:Niyamasabha Mandiram
1493:Secretariat Building
1425:University of Kerala
1052:. 28 November 2022.
677:Taylor & Francis
591:Vizhinjam Rock Caves
267:Vehicle registration
129:8.37917°N 76.99139°E
2084:Ottasekharamangalam
1518:Kanakakkunnu Palace
1103:. 28 November 2022.
1085:. 28 November 2022.
1006:. 15 September 2019
971:. 13 September 2019
391:Iraiyanar Akapporul
292:. which belongs to
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1673:Thiruvananthapuram
1607:Kerala Soil Museum
1591:University Stadium
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1311:Thiruvananthapuram
1295:Thiruvananthapuram
1257:Shankumugham Beach
1187:Battle of Colachel
1165:Thiruvananthapuram
1101:The Times of India
1083:The Times of India
1050:The Times of India
361:During the second
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2290:History of Kerala
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200: • Body
192: • Type
134:8.37917; 76.99139
100:Show map of India
97:Vizhinjam (India)
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2169:Kadinamkulam
2129:Vilavoorkkal
1949:Uzhamalackal
1754:Koonthalloor
1709:Cherunniyoor
1304:Corporations
1232:Agastya Mala
1222:Neyyar River
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2154:Andoorkonam
2074:Maranalloor
2064:Kunnathukal
2059:Kulathummal
1964:Veeranakavu
1954:Vamanapuram
1919:Peringamala
1889:Mannoorkara
1734:Kadakkavoor
1704:Chemmaruthy
969:Mathrubhumi
720:: 187–191.
450:Adani Group
432:Middle East
398:Jayamkondar
387:Pandikkovai
298:Adani Ports
195:Corporation
132: /
2279:Categories
2254:Valiyavila
2229:Poojappura
2224:Peroorkada
2204:Nalanchira
2109:Thirupuram
2039:Keezharoor
2034:Karumkulam
2009:Athiyannur
1959:Vattappara
1929:Pullampara
1924:Perumkulam
1894:Nedumangad
1874:Koliyakode
1854:Aruvikkara
1841:Nedumangad
1824:Vellalloor
1804:Perunguzhi
1784:Navaikulam
1749:Kilimanoor
1337:Nedumangad
1290:Nedumangad
1252:Neyyar Dam
1182:Travancore
905:17 October
863:6 November
820:6 November
795:2 November
757:7 November
652:2 November
597:References
574:Trivandrum
570:Thampanoor
562:Trivandrum
424:South Asia
383:Sangam era
344:Ay dynasty
340:Thiruvalla
332:Ay dynasty
326:Ay kingdom
187:Government
120:76°59′29″E
2264:Venganoor
2174:Kalliyoor
2159:East Fort
2134:Vizhinjam
2119:Vellarada
2114:Vazhichal
2094:Parassala
2089:Pallichal
2054:Kulathoor
2019:Kallikkad
1944:Tholicode
1879:Kurupuzha
1869:Karakulam
1794:Pallickal
1774:Manamboor
1739:Karavaram
1480:Buildings
1417:Education
1355:Transport
1205:Geography
1058:0971-8257
937:0971-751X
929:The Hindu
858:The Hindu
815:The Hindu
752:The Hindu
726:2249-1937
558:East Fort
511:Distance
498:Transport
492:fishermen
466:As per a
379:Malayalam
336:Nagercoil
278:Vizhinjam
230:Time zone
219:Malayalam
210:Languages
117:8°22′45″N
91:Vizhinjam
58:Vizhinjam
25:Vizhinjam
2179:Karamana
2164:Iroopara
2124:Vilappil
2049:Kottukal
2044:Kollayil
1974:Vembayam
1969:Vellanad
1939:Thennoor
1934:Theakada
1909:Panavoor
1899:Nellanad
1884:Manikkal
1809:Pulimath
1779:Nagaroor
1769:Madavoor
1764:Kudavoor
1729:Mudakkal
1719:Edakkode
1689:Alamcode
1565:Attingal
1342:Attingal
1029:Reuters,
734:44141540
580:See also
542:Seaport
516:Airport
505:Nearest
430:and the
369:and the
235:UTC+5:30
176:District
2259:Veiloor
2014:Chenkal
2004:Anavoor
1999:Amboori
1979:Vithura
1914:Pangode
1864:Kallara
1859:Aryanad
1829:Vettoor
1694:Ayiroor
1600:Museums
1527:Culture
1327:Varkala
1247:Kovalam
1237:Ponmudi
1174:History
1063:21 July
468:Reuters
409:Pandyan
308:History
223:English
145:Country
2249:Ulloor
2219:Pattom
2029:Karode
1904:Palode
1819:Vakkom
1789:Ottoor
1699:Azhoor
1574:Sports
1273:Taluks
1056:
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732:
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400:, and
375:Cholas
371:Cholas
356:Kerala
286:Kerala
252:695521
169:Kerala
154:
2209:Nemom
1724:Edava
1397:NH 47
894:PTI.
840:(PDF)
730:JSTOR
508:Name
484:Adani
416:Dutch
290:India
271:KL-20
164:State
157:India
1849:Anad
1065:2023
1054:ISSN
1012:2019
977:2019
944:2019
933:ISSN
907:2023
865:2021
822:2021
797:2023
759:2021
722:ISSN
689:ISBN
654:2023
414:The
352:fort
348:fort
338:and
261:0471
681:doi
568:at
396:of
354:in
288:in
247:PIN
239:IST
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