104:
1987:
129:
1982:
730:. They were mid-sized predators who probably hunted in trees or ambushed prey from a branch. Calculations of the size following a method of statistical analysis for predicting body size, derived from 164 millimetres for the greatest length of the skull, indicate a weight of 22.6 or 24.0 kilograms. Another estimate using
751:
in the northwest of
Queensland, at sediments dated to the later Oligocene to early Miocene. The assumption of at least partially arboreal habits is by the forest types that existed during the Oligo-Miocene at Riversleigh, open woodlands with the later development of rainforest. The humerus morphology
785:
The first fossil, a right dentary fragment, was found in 1967 by a group of field workers at
Bullock Creek in the Northern Territory. A left dentary of the species in a good state of preservation was described in 1896. Since then more fossils have been recovered, including a well-preserved
685:
is a largely complete skull retaining some teeth and alveoli, with other materials such as the lower jaw and a humerus associated with the new species as paratypes. The discovery of more complete evidence of
Oligocene species of the marsupial lion lineages prompted the authors to emend the
512:
Fossil material of this species is fragmentary and rare, and it is only known amongst the
Alcoota local fauna. Further evidence of the animals cranial and dental features were examined in 2014, leading to a revision of
712:, was determined to have diverged from this genus during early period of the fossil record, and scant evidence of the species did not allow revising authors to assign a taxonomic placement with any confidence.
1030:"New craniodental remains of Wakaleo alcootaensis (Diprotodontia: Thylacoleonidae) a carnivorous marsupial from the late Miocene Alcoota Local Fauna of the Northern Territory, Australia"
859:
B. Rauscher. 1987. Priscileo pitikantensis, a new genus and species of thylacoleonid marsupial (Marsupialia: Thylacoleonidae) from the
Miocene Etaduma formation, South Australia.
1315:
911:
640:
1275:"Functional morphology of Wakaleo postcrania from the middle to late Miocene of central Australia reveals new insights in the evolution of marsupial hypercarnivores"
951:"Functional morphology of Wakaleo postcrania from the middle to late Miocene of central Australia reveals new insights in the evolution of marsupial hypercarnivores"
2075:
2154:
626:, and was approximately the size of a cat. They were mid-sized predators who probably hunted in trees or ambushed prey from a branch. Like the later discovery,
779:
752:
is proposed to support this conception as a scansorial and arboreal predator, being similar to the structures of the arm and shoulder in species such as
2062:
1342:
2149:
2144:
2134:
740:, a very large carnivore, resulted in a value around 5 kg that the describing authors considered too small. The dentition suggests that
103:
1242:
Gillespie, A. K. (2023). "Two new marsupial lion taxa (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the early and Middle
Miocene of Australia".
775:
639:
It is known only from a few post cranial bones and a poorly preserved maxillary fragment found at the Lake
Pitikanta site of the
632:, the species possesses three premolars and four molars which distinguishes them from others of the genus. A little smaller than
506:
2159:
1139:
Wroe, Stephen; Myers, Troy; Seebacher, Frank; Kear, Ben; Gillespie, Anna; Crowther, Mathew; Salisbury, Steve (September 2003).
748:
806:
lifestyle of earlier species), and to grappling prey with their forelimbs, likely correlated with increasing prey size.
903:
674:
2139:
1335:
433:
in southern
Australia in 1971. They found a nearly complete left dentary which included a few well-preserved teeth.
1986:
1156:
128:
471:
is a genus of the thylacoleonid family of predatory mammals, which are known as marsupial lions. The size of
1087:
694:
1181:
2002:
1328:
754:
744:
may have been omnivorous, but reveals the transition to hyper-carnivory of the genus during the
Miocene.
2101:
760:
430:
1981:
899:
2049:
1274:
962:
950:
708:
505:
of
Australia. The holotype was a single fossil maxilla fragment found in 1974 by the palaeontologist
416:
670:
1698:
803:
736:
731:
565:
559:
456:
487:
are estimated to have had bodymasses of 30 kilograms (66 lb) and 50 kilograms (110 lb).
1255:
1160:
986:
931:
502:
479:
is estimated to have weighed approximately 23 kilograms (51 lb), comparable to a dog, while
420:
339:
123:
1916:
698:, as a sister species to this taxon and contradicting a 2016 study that supported separation of
2106:
1668:
1630:
1411:
607:. Fossil material examined by Rauscher was obtained at Lake Pitikanta, situated to the east of
2088:
2080:
1294:
1069:
1051:
978:
912:"A new Oligo–Miocene marsupial lion from Australia and revision of the family Thylacoleonidae"
837:
628:
405:
227:
2093:
2129:
1773:
1728:
1286:
1247:
1152:
1141:"An alternative method for predicting body mass: the case of the Pleistocene marsupial lion"
1121:
1059:
1041:
970:
923:
1818:
1809:
1798:
1738:
1562:
1450:
1402:
656:
551:
539:
382:
367:
203:
828:
Clemens, W.A.; Plane, M. (1974). "Mid-Tertiary Thylacoleonidae (Marsupialia, Mammalia)".
966:
1782:
1657:
1545:
1064:
1029:
716:
681:
working on the PANGEA research project based at the University of New South Wales. The
554:. It had three unfused molar teeth instead of two fused molars as is the case with the
2123:
2040:
1937:
1881:
1519:
1381:
1351:
1259:
1004:
990:
703:
591:
The description by Rauscher was published in 1987, naming a new species and genus as
401:
223:
190:
61:
1310:
1164:
1140:
935:
1944:
1791:
1623:
1607:
1462:
1225:
The Beagle: Occasional Papers of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences
678:
289:
236:
112:
1290:
1251:
1216:
974:
927:
2034:
1958:
1951:
1909:
1895:
1867:
1853:
1708:
1688:
1641:
1529:
669:
The description of the species was published in 2017, the collaborating authors
555:
36:
1923:
1846:
1832:
1593:
1502:
1432:
907:
81:
46:
2025:
1298:
1055:
982:
841:
1825:
1577:
1512:
1492:
1482:
1418:
619:
608:
597:
577:
teeth, the latter were also used in slicing and stabbing during eating. The
497:
The first description was given in an examination of material discovered at
180:
140:
86:
1073:
659:
and presumed to have diverged during the early to middle Oligocene epoch.
459:
in the Northern Territory. Many more specimens have been found since then.
2019:
1930:
1902:
1888:
1874:
1860:
1839:
1755:
1745:
1718:
1616:
1425:
1369:
682:
578:
574:
160:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
719:, was honored by the authors in their proposed epithet for the species.
2067:
1046:
802:
show increased adaptation to terrestrial locomotion (as opposed to the
623:
570:
547:
535:
498:
386:
91:
66:
1679:
1586:
1472:
1375:
1363:
449:
Gillespie, Archer & Hand, 2017, a mid-sized species of the genus.
170:
150:
1996:
1125:
443:
in 1987 and placed with this genus in a revision published in 2017.
618:, it lived in Australia about 25 million years ago, from the late
378:
715:
A painter celebrated for his reconstructions of ancient animals,
475:
species increases over the course of the evolution of the genus.
2054:
1320:
1193:
2000:
1324:
636:, this species also differs in the morphology of the humerus.
601:
was later recognised as a species of a revised description of
517:
that provided further support to the separation from earlier
1273:
Warburton, Natalie M.; Yates, Adam. M. (10 December 2020).
1157:
10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0403:AAMFPB>2.0.CO;2
949:
Warburton, Natalie M.; Yates, Adam. M. (10 December 2020).
423:
in 1974. It was slightly larger than the other two species.
429:
was found by a group of scientists working in the Miocene
1112:
Myers, T.J. (2001). "Prediction of marsupial body mass".
455:
was first found by field workers in 1967 in the Miocene
726:
and resembling a contemporary animal of the Oligocene,
439:
described by Rauscher as the type species of the genus
798:
are thought to have been carnivores. Later species of
774:
The type species fossils were originally found in the
581:
also had a crescent-shaped circumference for slicing.
1770:
1751:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1664:
1653:
1604:
1574:
1558:
1525:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1399:
1244:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
1088:"Thylacoleonid Genera and Species - Tertiary Genera"
322:
309:
296:
279:
266:
243:
2009:
1808:
1781:
1769:
1678:
1640:
1603:
1573:
1543:
1449:
1398:
595:.The designation as the type species of the genus
385:that lived in Australia in the Late Oligocene and
778:area. It has been found in limestone deposits in
734:previously used in calculations of body size for
894:
892:
786:near-complete cranium with the mandible intact.
641:Lake Ngapakaldi to Lake Palankarinna Fossil Area
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
573:(upper) teeth to hold its food and sharpen the
1176:
1174:
692:to include the type species of another genus,
1336:
823:
821:
819:
747:The distribution of the species included the
8:
569:, this species is presumed to have used its
1023:
1021:
1997:
1778:
1646:
1551:
1395:
1391:
1343:
1329:
1321:
861:Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution
102:
20:
1063:
1045:
643:in northeastern South Australia. To date
758:, the related koala, and spotted cuscus
655:are the most ancient phylogenies of the
815:
702:from the wakaleo clade. Another early
7:
2155:Taxa named by William A. Clemens Jr.
855:
853:
851:
1028:Yates, Adam M. (12 November 2015).
916:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1311:Tertiary Genera of Thylacoleonidae
1279:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
955:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
776:Bullock Creek (Northern Territory)
318:Gillespie, Archer & Hand, 2017
14:
1985:
1980:
1215:Megirian, D. (28 January 1986).
127:
1221:(Thylacoleonidae: Marsupialia)"
1190:Riversleigh faunal encyclopedia
749:Riversleigh World Heritage Area
373:, "little", "small"; and Latin
614:The smallest known species of
1:
2150:Fossil taxa described in 1974
1291:10.1080/02724634.2021.1878203
1252:10.1080/03115518.2022.2152096
1192:. wakaleo.net. Archived from
1114:Australian Journal of Zoology
1005:"Australian Museum - Wakaleo"
975:10.1080/02724634.2021.1878203
928:10.1080/14772019.2017.1391885
2145:Prehistoric marsupial genera
2135:Miocene mammals of Australia
288:Clemens & Plane, 1974 (
111:Life reconstruction of the
32:Late Oligocene–Late Miocene
16:Extinct genus of marsupials
2176:
1186:Vanderleuer's Little Lion"
408:. Five species are known:
1978:
1649:
1554:
1394:
1390:
1358:
1316:Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
415:was found in the Miocene
345:
338:
331:Clemens & Plane, 1974
263:
258:
253:Clemens & Plane, 1974
242:
235:
124:Scientific classification
122:
110:
101:
23:
377:, "lion") is an extinct
830:Journal of Paleontology
794:The various species of
695:Priscileo pitikantensis
593:Priscileo pitikantensis
400:was erected in 1974 by
349:Priscileo pitikantensis
275:Archer & Rich, 1984
2160:Carnivorous marsupials
755:Phascolarctos cinereus
722:A species assigned to
709:"Priscileo" roskellyae
653:"Priscileo' roskellyae
2102:Paleobiology Database
1092:www.naturalworlds.org
761:Spilocuscus maculatus
728:Wakaleo pitikantensis
586:Wakaleo pitikantensis
437:Wakaleo pitikantensis
1219:Wakaleo vanderleueri
1184:Wakaleo vanderleueri
732:regression equations
515:Wakaleo alcootaensis
492:Wakaleo alcootaensis
413:Wakaleo alcootaensis
967:2020JVPal..40E8203W
910:(6 December 2017).
769:Wakaleo vanderleuri
737:Thylacoleo carnifex
686:circumscription of
566:Thylacoleo carnifex
560:Thylacoleo carnifex
453:Wakaleo vanderleuri
2140:Miocene marsupials
1047:10.7717/peerj.1408
503:Northern Territory
431:Wipijiri Formation
421:Northern Territory
2117:
2116:
2089:Open Tree of Life
2003:Taxon identifiers
1994:
1993:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1765:
1764:
1539:
1538:
664:Wakaleo schouteni
649:Wakaleo schouteni
629:Wakaleo schouteni
532:Wakaleo oldfieldi
526:Wakaleo oldfieldi
447:Wakaleo schouteni
427:Wakaleo oldfieldi
359:
358:
353:
332:
319:
306:
293:
276:
248:Wakaleo oldfieldi
231:
117:Wakaleo oldfieldi
2167:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2028:
1998:
1989:
1984:
1779:
1774:Diprotodontoidea
1772:
1753:
1736:
1729:Rhizophascolonus
1726:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1666:
1655:
1647:
1606:
1576:
1560:
1552:
1527:
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1303:
1302:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1217:"The dentary of
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1196:on 10 March 2015
1178:
1169:
1168:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1049:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1001:
995:
994:
946:
940:
939:
896:
867:
857:
846:
845:
825:
700:P. pitikantensis
645:W. pitikantensis
381:of medium-sized
351:
330:
324:
317:
311:
304:
301:W. pitikantensis
298:
287:
281:
274:
268:
245:
222:
215:
202:
132:
131:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1964:
1819:Alkwertatherium
1810:Diprotodontidae
1804:
1799:Propalorchestes
1761:
1739:Sedophascolomys
1674:
1636:
1599:
1569:
1563:Thylacoleonidae
1548:
1535:
1451:Phascolarctidae
1445:
1403:Thylacoleonidae
1386:
1354:
1349:
1307:
1306:
1285:(6): e1878203.
1272:
1271:
1267:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1126:10.1071/ZO01009
1111:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
998:
961:(6): e1878203.
948:
947:
943:
900:Gillespie, A.K.
898:
897:
870:
858:
849:
827:
826:
817:
812:
792:
772:
667:
657:Thylacoleonidae
589:
552:South Australia
540:marsupial lions
529:
495:
485:W. alcootaensis
481:W. vanderleueri
466:
417:Waite Formation
395:
271:W. alcootaensis
254:
251:
221:
213:
204:Thylacoleonidae
200:
126:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2173:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2031:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1783:Palorchestidae
1776:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1742:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1702:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1549:
1546:Vombatomorphia
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1265:
1234:
1207:
1170:
1151:(3): 403–411.
1131:
1104:
1079:
1017:
996:
941:
868:
847:
836:(4): 653–660.
814:
813:
811:
808:
791:
788:
771:
766:
717:Peter Schouten
671:Anna Gillespie
666:
661:
588:
583:
528:
523:
507:Michael Archer
494:
489:
465:
462:
461:
460:
450:
444:
434:
424:
394:
391:
383:thylacoleonids
357:
356:
355:
354:
352:Rauscher, 1987
343:
342:
336:
335:
334:
333:
327:W. vanderleuri
320:
307:
305:Rauscher, 1987
294:
277:
261:
260:
256:
255:
252:
240:
239:
233:
232:
211:
207:
206:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
120:
119:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2172:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1988:
1983:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:Raemeotherium
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:Meniscolophus
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1699:Nimbavombatus
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1677:
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1520:Phascolarctos
1517:
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1497:
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1397:
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1389:
1383:
1382:Diprotodontia
1379:
1377:
1373:
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1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:Vombatiformes
1346:
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704:thylacoleonid
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1945:Silvabestius
1943:
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1929:
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1887:
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1873:
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1824:
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1797:
1792:Palorchestes
1790:
1754:
1744:
1737:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1667:
1656:
1629:
1624:Namilamadeta
1622:
1615:
1608:Wynyardiidae
1592:
1585:
1561:
1528:
1518:
1511:
1501:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1463:Invictokoala
1461:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1224:
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1198:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1189:
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1148:
1145:Paleobiology
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1134:
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1008:. Retrieved
999:
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742:W. schouteni
741:
735:
727:
723:
721:
714:
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699:
693:
688:
687:
679:Suzanne Hand
668:
663:
652:
648:
644:
638:
634:W. schouteni
633:
627:
615:
613:
603:
602:
596:
592:
590:
585:
564:
558:
550:deposits of
543:
531:
530:
525:
518:
514:
511:
496:
491:
484:
480:
477:W. schouteni
476:
472:
468:
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452:
446:
440:
436:
426:
412:
397:
396:
374:
370:
362:
361:
360:
348:
326:
325:
314:W. schouteni
313:
312:
300:
299:
284:W. oldfieldi
283:
282:
270:
269:
247:
246:
237:Type species
217:
216:
177:Infraclass:
116:
113:type species
24:
18:
2035:Wikispecies
1959:Zygomaturus
1952:Sthenomerus
1910:Nototherium
1896:Ngapakaldia
1868:Kolopsoides
1854:Hulitherium
1709:Phascolonus
1689:Lasiorhinus
1642:Vombatoidea
1530:Priscakoala
780:Riversleigh
675:Mike Archer
556:Pleistocene
546:, found in
538:species of
464:Description
181:Marsupialia
2124:Categories
1924:Plaisiodon
1917:Pitikantia
1847:Euryzygoma
1833:Diprotodon
1680:Vombatidae
1594:Kuterintja
1503:Nimiokoala
1433:Thylacoleo
1010:17 January
908:Hand, S.J.
904:Archer, M.
810:References
622:to middle
575:mandibular
563:. As with
1826:Ambulator
1669:Mukupirna
1631:Wynyardia
1578:Ilariidae
1513:Perikoala
1493:Madakoala
1483:Litokoala
1419:Lekaneleo
1412:Enigmaleo
1362:Kingdom:
1299:0272-4634
1260:256157821
1120:(2): 99.
1097:1 October
1056:2167-8359
1040:: e1408.
991:233793061
983:0272-4634
842:0022-3360
706:species,
620:Oligocene
609:Lake Eyre
598:Priscileo
579:premolars
571:maxillary
521:species.
441:Priscileo
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
2020:Wikidata
1931:Pyramios
1903:Nimbadon
1889:Neohelos
1875:Maokopia
1861:Kolopsis
1840:Euowenia
1756:Warendja
1746:Vombatus
1719:Ramsayia
1617:Muramura
1426:Microleo
1376:Mammalia
1370:Chordata
1368:Phylum:
1364:Animalia
1246:: 1–16.
1231:: 71–79.
1165:85776991
1074:26587359
936:90758394
866::423-432
804:arboreal
683:holotype
406:M. Plane
393:Taxonomy
389:Epochs.
340:Synonyms
259:Species
197:Family:
171:Mammalia
161:Chordata
157:Phylum:
151:Animalia
137:Domain:
2130:Wakaleo
2094:3607108
2081:1030255
2068:4826094
2055:4529428
2041:Wakaleo
2026:Q140445
2011:Wakaleo
1440:Wakaleo
1380:Order:
1374:Class:
1065:4647553
963:Bibcode
800:Wakaleo
796:Wakaleo
790:Ecology
724:Wakaleo
689:Wakaleo
624:Miocene
616:Wakaleo
604:Wakaleo
548:Miocene
544:Wakaleo
536:extinct
519:Wakaleo
501:in the
499:Alcoota
473:Wakaleo
469:Wakaleo
419:in the
398:Wakaleo
387:Miocene
363:Wakaleo
224:Clemens
218:Wakaleo
210:Genus:
187:Order:
167:Class:
25:Wakaleo
1658:Marada
1587:Ilaria
1473:Koobor
1297:
1258:
1200:28 May
1163:
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534:is an
368:Diyari
230:, 1974
226:&
2107:94075
2076:IRMNG
1256:S2CID
1161:S2CID
1034:PeerJ
987:S2CID
932:S2CID
379:genus
228:Plane
2063:GBIF
1295:ISSN
1202:2019
1099:2022
1070:PMID
1052:ISSN
1012:2011
979:ISSN
838:ISSN
677:and
651:and
483:and
404:and
371:waka
290:type
37:PreꞒ
2050:EoL
1287:doi
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1060:PMC
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