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161:), only two or three honour feathers might be awarded in a person's whole lifetime. Historically, the warrior who was the first to touch an enemy in battle and escape unscathed received an eagle feather. When enough feathers were collected, they might be incorporated into a headdress or some other form of worn regalia. Historically, headdresses were usually reserved exclusively for the tribe's chosen
149:, or been gifted them in gratitude for their work or service to their community or Nation. Traditional deeds that bring honour can include acts of valor in battle (including contemporary military service), but also political and diplomatic gains, or acts that helped their community survive and prosper. The esteem attached to eagle feathers is traditionally so high that in many cases, such as a
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To explain Native peoples' discomfort with non-Indians wearing headdresses, for example, it is necessary to go back to the indigenous perspective and evaluate what the headdress means specifically to the various tribes, Crow and Lakota to name two, that make and use them. Without such context, it's
228:
One traditional method of acquiring feathers for war bonnets is to pluck the most mature tail feathers of young eagles while still in the nest. This can be done three times before the feathers do not grow back. As many as thirty-six feathers can be collected in this manner. If care is taken in not
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Due to their historical importance and status, traditional Native
Americans now consider the wearing of headdresses without the express permission of tribal leaders to be an affront to their culture and traditions. Consequently, in cases where non-Native political leaders have been symbolically
187:, historically women did not wear the most common style of Plains warbonnet. However, in recent years a few First Nations women who have attained a very high level of respect in their communities have been ceremonially gifted with headdresses of the type that were formerly only worn by men.
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tail feathers connected to a buckskin or felt crown. There are slits at the base of the crown that allow the bonnet to have a "flaring" look. An unusual form of bonnet is the "fluttering feather" bonnet, with the feathers loosely attached to a felt or buckskin cap, hanging at the sides.
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Native
American cultural representatives and activists have expressed offense at what they deem the cultural appropriation of wearing and displaying of such headdresses, and other "indigenous traditional arts and sacred objects" by those who have not earned them, especially by
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of the 1860s, was known for his illustrious warbonnet that was said to protect him during battle. Several instances record how while wearing his war bonnet, he rode back and forth before soldiers of the United States Army and, despite being fired upon, was left unscathed.
672:"ReMatriate was started earlier this year by women from the Yukon and northern B.C. in response to offensive runway fashion shows and “festival wear” appropriated from indigenous traditional arts and sacred objects and sold as commodities without permission." See
315:. The trend of musicians and festival-goers wearing warbonnets became fashionable in the 2010, and has led to criticism by Native Americans, apologies by non-Natives, and the banning of the sale or wearing of them as costumes by several music festivals.
44:
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impossible for non-Indians in contemporary settings to grasp the offense and harm that indigenous people feel when sacred objects and imagery are co-opted, commercialized, and commodified for non-Indians' benefit.
98:. Originally they were sometimes worn into battle, but they are now primarily used for ceremonial occasions. In the Native American and First Nations communities that traditionally have these items of
373:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (March 1983), pp. 214, 216, 239, 307.
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102:, they are seen as items of great spiritual and political importance, only to be worn by those who have earned the right and honour through formal recognition by their
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use eagle feathers as the most significant part of the headdress to represent honor and respect. Some Plains-style bonnet forms are the "horned" bonnet, "flaring"
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On imitation Native headdresses as "the embodiment of cultural appropriation ... donning a highly sacred piece of Native culture like a fashion accessory
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enables Native
Americans to continue using eagle feathers in their traditional spiritual and cultural practices. The exemption is contained within the
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Many Native
American tribes consider the presentation of an eagle feather to be one of the highest marks of respect. An honored person must have
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as fashion or costume. The controversy is part of a wider effort by Native
American activists to highlight what they view as the ongoing
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to be the greatest and most powerful of all birds. Under current United States federal legislation, the
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Eagle feather war bonnet, Cheyenne, 19th century, trade beads, eagle feathers, red stroud cloth
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feather bonnet, and the "fluttering feather" bonnet. The "horned" bonnet can consist of a
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631:"Coachella Attendee Apologizes for Culturally Appropriating a Native American Headdress"
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31:
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703:
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Hirschfelder, Arlene; Molin, Paulette F.; Wakim, Yvonne; Dorris, Michael A. (1999).
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feathers beneath the skull cap. The "flaring" eagle feather bonnet is often made of
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First
Nations elders watch the Canada Day festivities in Calgary, Alberta, 2022.
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American Indian
Stereotypes in the World of Children: A Reader and Bibliography
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613:"Ricky Martin Accused of Cultural AppropriationAfter Posting Headdress Photo"
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30:"Feathered bonnet" redirects here. For the Scottish military headdress, see
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675:"Northern-sparked 'ReMatriate' campaign takes on cultural appropriation"
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Native
Appropriations – Examining Representations of Indigenous Peoples
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404:, by John H. Monnett, University Press of Colorado (1992), pp. 46–48.
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While women have traditional regalia that can include other types of
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earned their feather through selfless acts of courage and honour
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feathers because the eagle is considered by most tribes of the
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722:"Pharrell Apologizes for Wearing Headdress on Magazine Cover"
773:"Why Native Headdresses No Longer Belong at Music Festivals"
549:
Howard, James H. (1954). "Plains Indian
Feathered Bonnets".
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The Battle of
Beecher Island and the Indian War of 1867–1869
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allowed to wear the headdress, this has caused controversy.
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headgear traditionally worn by male leaders of the American
649:"HERE'S WHY YOU SHOULDN'T WEAR A NATIVE AMERICAN HEADDRESS"
593:"This means war: why the fashion headdress must be stopped"
37:"Warbonnet" redirects here. For the locomotive livery, see
787:"Osheaga Issues Ban on Headdresses as Fashion Accessories"
94:
Nations who have earned a place of great respect in their
806:"Owning Red: A Theory of Indian (Cultural) Appropriation"
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disturbing the nest, this method can be repeated yearly.
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Riley, Angela R.; Carpenter, Kristen A. (1 April 2016).
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Behind First Nations headdresses: What you should know
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Behind First Nations headdresses: What you should know
397:
395:
747:"No More War Bonnets at Glastonbury Music Festival"
221:. In the United States, only enrolled members of a
832:The Plains Warbonnet: Its Story and Construction
525:The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Lifeways
505:"Eagle Permits – Native American Feather Permit"
318:An article by scholars Kristin A. Carpenter and
225:may legally collect or possess eagle feathers.
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666:
371:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
8:
223:federally recognized Native American tribe
481:But Why Can’t I Wear a Hipster Headdress?
205:Plains-style war bonnets are made out of
704:"Still experiencing a cultural genocide"
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441:"'I Didn't Know' Doesn't Cut It Anymore"
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929:Western (genre) staples and terminology
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63:wearing a feathered headdress during a
934:Indigenous culture of the Great Plains
870:Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes
171:, who was one of the most influential
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528:. World Wisdom, Inc. p. 209.
479:Keene, Adrienne (April 27, 2010) "
446:Indian Country Today Media Network
27:Native American feathered headgear
25:
243:Children's Museum of Indianapolis
219:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
67:at the Indian Summer festival in
914:First Nations culture in Canada
163:political and spiritual leaders
655:. June 4, 2014. Archived from
557:(2). Maney Publishing: 23–26.
522:Grinnell, George Bird (2008).
1:
681:. May 4, 2015. Archived from
563:10.1080/2052546.1954.11908159
71:, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 2008
834:. Book Publishing Company.
771:Rota, Zack (29 July 2014).
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830:Hardin, Barry E. (2013).
241:In the collection of the
69:Henry Maier Festival Park
924:Native American clothing
39:Warbonnet (paint scheme)
872:. Infobase Publishing.
868:Waldman, Carl (2014).
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290:Cultural appropriation
284:Cultural appropriation
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551:Plains Anthropologist
486:May 13, 2016, at the
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199:Further information:
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110:Ceremonial importance
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659:on October 22, 2014.
233:Plains-style bonnets
853:. Scarecrow Press.
753:. October 17, 2014
751:Lakota Law Project
305:indigenous peoples
259:skull cap, shaved
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177:Plains Indian Wars
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637:. April 27, 2017.
387:978-0-8061-1577-1
301:cultural genocide
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732:2015-11-09
689:2016-10-08
635:Teen Vogue
169:Roman Nose
80:warbonnets
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457:April 20,
359:Citations
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88:feathered
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332:See also
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303:against
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195:Legality
173:Cheyenne
159:Cheyenne
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307:in the
297:Natives
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151:warrior
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100:regalia
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490:" at
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253:eagle
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530:ISBN
459:2015
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311:and
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