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conditions of the local muscle affected, whereas the central model of muscle fatigue is an integrated mechanism that works to preserve the integrity of the system by initiating muscle fatigue through muscle derecruitment, based on collective feedback from the periphery, before cellular or organ failure occurs. Therefore, the feedback that is read by this central regulator could include chemical and mechanical as well as cognitive cues. The significance of each of these factors will depend on the nature of the fatigue-inducing work that is being performed.
419:
127:. Fatigue (reduced ability to generate force) may occur due to the nerve, or within the muscle cells themselves. New research from scientists at Columbia University suggests that muscle fatigue is caused by calcium leaking out of the muscle cell. This makes less calcium available for the muscle cell. In addition, the Columbia researchers propose that an enzyme activated by this released calcium eats away at muscle fibers.
372:
Peripheral muscle fatigue during physical work is considered an inability for the body to supply sufficient energy or other metabolites to the contracting muscles to meet the increased energy demand. This is the most common case of physical fatigue—affecting a national average of 72% of adults in the
359:
following the workout. Part of the process of strength training is increasing the nerve's ability to generate sustained, high frequency signals which allow a muscle to contract with their greatest force. It is this "neural training" that causes several weeks worth of rapid gains in strength, which
290:
meaning "muscle" + -asthenia meaning "weakness"), or simply muscle weakness, is a lack of muscle strength. The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases,
389:
The fundamental difference between the peripheral and central theories of muscle fatigue is that the peripheral model of muscle fatigue assumes failure at one or more sites in the chain that initiates muscle contraction. Peripheral regulation therefore depends on the localized metabolic chemical
316:
drive or nerve-based motor command to working muscles that results in a decline in the force output. It has been suggested that the reduced neural drive during exercise may be a protective mechanism to prevent organ failure if the work was continued at the same intensity. The exact mechanisms of
303:
Muscle fatigue can be central, neuromuscular, or peripheral muscular. Central muscle fatigue manifests as an overall sense of energy deprivation, and peripheral muscle weakness manifests as a local, muscle-specific inability to do work. Neuromuscular fatigue can be either central or peripheral.
351:. After an extended period of maximum contraction, the nerve's signal reduces in frequency and the force generated by the contraction diminishes. There is no sensation of pain or discomfort, the muscle appears to simply 'stop listening' and gradually cease to move, often
393:
Though not universally used, "metabolic fatigue" is a common alternative term for peripheral muscle weakness, because of the reduction in contractile force due to the direct or indirect effects of the reduction of substrates or accumulation of metabolites within the
250:
or perceived muscle weakness. For perceived muscle weakness, asthenia has been described as the feeling of weak or tired muscles in the absence of muscle weakness, that is the muscle can generate a normal amount of force but it is perceived as requiring more effort.
1248:
Newsholme, E. A., Acworth, I. N., & Blomstrand, E. 1987, 'Amino acids, brain neurotransmitters and a functional link between muscle and brain that is important in sustained exercise', in G Benzi (ed.), Advances in
Myochemistry, Libbey Eurotext, London, pp.
165:
as a metabolic byproduct. Contrary to common belief, lactic acid accumulation doesn't actually cause the burning sensation felt when people exhaust their oxygen and oxidative metabolism, but in actuality, lactic acid in presence of oxygen recycles to produce
254:
General asthenia occurs in many chronic wasting diseases (such as tuberculosis and cancer), sleep disorders or chronic disorders of the heart, lungs or kidneys, and is probably most marked in diseases of the adrenal gland. Asthenia may be limited to certain
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of many different medical conditions. The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including
892:
Muscle tiredness: This is sometimes called asthenia. It is a sense of weariness or exhaustion that you feel when using the muscle. The muscle isn't genuinely weaker, it can still do its job but it takes you more effort to manage
278:
Differentiating psychogenic (perceived) asthenia and true asthenia from myasthenia is often difficult, and in time apparent psychogenic asthenia accompanying many chronic disorders is seen to progress into a primary weakness.
177:
Substrates produce metabolic fatigue by being depleted during exercise, resulting in a lack of intracellular energy sources to fuel contractions. In essence, the muscle stops contracting because it lacks the energy to do so.
385:
anaerobic metabolic by-products in the muscle, causing the stereotypical burning sensation of local muscle fatigue, though recent studies have indicated otherwise, actually finding that lactic acid is a source of energy.
373:
work force in 2002. This causes contractile dysfunction that manifests in the eventual reduction or lack of ability of a single muscle or local group of muscles to do work. The insufficiency of energy, i.e. sub-optimal
360:
level off once the nerve is generating maximum contractions and the muscle reaches its physiological limit. Past this point, training effects increase muscular strength through myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic
199:
Perceived weakness (or non-neuromuscular) describes a condition where a person feels more effort than normal is required to exert a given amount of force but actual muscle strength is normal, for example.
343:
For extremely powerful contractions that are close to the upper limit of a muscle's ability to generate force, neuromuscular fatigue can become a limiting factor in untrained individuals. In novice
246:) is a medical term referring to a condition in which the body lacks or has lost strength either as a whole or in any of its parts. It is a poorly defined condition that can include true or primary
2135:
1050:
Kay D, Marino FE, Cannon J, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert MI, Noakes TD (2001). "Evidence for neuromuscular fatigue during high-intensity cycling in warm, humid conditions".
212:
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157:(ADP) and inorganic phosphate ions, allowing for sustained powerful contractions that last between 5–7 seconds. Glycogen is the intramuscular storage form of
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it becomes unable to stimulate the muscle that it innervates. Most movements require a force far below what a muscle could potentially generate, and barring
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506:
215:, where objective post-exertion muscle weakness with delayed recovery time has been measured and is a feature of some of the published definitions.
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Paul L, Wood L, Behan WM, Maclaren WM (January 1999). "Demonstration of delayed recovery from fatiguing exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome".
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Noakes TD (2000). "Physiological models to understand exercise fatigue and the adaptations that predict or enhance athletic performance".
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True weakness (or neuromuscular) describes a condition where the force exerted by the muscles is less than would be expected, for example
766:"Chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment of increased oxidative stress and altered muscle excitability in response to incremental exercise"
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control the contraction of muscles by determining the number, sequence, and force of muscular contraction. When a nerve experiences
268:
1093:
Vandewalle H, Maton B, Le Bozec S, Guerenbourg G (1991). "An electromyographic study of an all-out exercise on a cycle ergometer".
398:. This can occur through a simple lack of energy to fuel contraction, or through interference with the ability of Ca to stimulate
1128:
Bigland-Ritchie B, Woods JJ (1984). "Changes in muscle contractile properties and neural control during human muscular fatigue".
2125:
805:
Kauffman, Timothy L.; Kemmis, Karen (2014-01-01), Kauffman, Timothy L.; Scott, Ron; Barr, John O.; Moran, Michael L. (eds.),
1650:
Exaggerated cardiorespiratory response to exercise (tachycardia with tachypnea and/or hyperpnea (exercise hyperventilation))
1541:
972:
Kent-Braun JA (1999). "Central and peripheral contributions to muscle fatigue in humans during sustained maximal effort".
703:
Carruthers, Bruce M.; Jain, Anil Kumar; De
Meirleir, Kenny L.; Peterson, Daniel L.; Klimas, Nancy G.; et al. (2003).
356:
705:
Myalgic
Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols
2130:
1259:
Newsholme EA, Blomstrand E (1995). "Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and a
Possible Explanation for Central Fatigue".
295:, such as myasthenia gravis. Perceived muscle weakness occurs in diseases such as sleep disorders, and depression.
263:, characterized by ready fatiguability. Asthenia is also a side effect of some medications and treatments, such as
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31:
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Davis JM (1995). "Carbohydrates, branched-chain amino acids, and endurance: the central fatigue hypothesis".
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McCully KK, Natelson BH (November 1999). "Impaired oxygen delivery to muscle in chronic fatigue syndrome".
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664:"A definition-based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"
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R. Robergs; F. Ghiasvand; D. Parker (2004). "Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis".
931:
Gandevia SC, Enoka RM, McComas AJ, Stuart DG, Thomas CK (1995). "Neurobiology of Muscle
Fatigue".
347:, the muscle's ability to generate force is most strongly limited by nerve's ability to sustain a
153:. Creatine phosphate stores energy so ATP can be rapidly regenerated within the muscle cells from
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within the muscle generally serve to power muscular contractions. They include molecules such as
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occurs after the muscle has been subjected to exercise. This is also true for some cases of
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central fatigue are unknown, though there has been considerable interest in the role of
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355:. As there is insufficient stress on the muscles and tendons, there will often be no
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1263:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 384. pp. 315–20.
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935:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 384. pp. 515–25.
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Asthenia is a sense of weariness or exhaustion in the absence of muscle weakness.
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1952:
1947:
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De Becker P, Roeykens J, Reynders M, McGregor N, De
Meirleir K (November 2000).
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head and causes the 'ratchetting' that results in contraction according to the
2015:
1957:
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Gandevia SC (2001). "Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue".
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The central fatigue is generally described in terms of a reduction in the
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Jammes Y, Steinberg JG, Mambrini O, Brégeon F, Delliaux S (March 2005).
2005:
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466:(7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier. p. Chapter 11.
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and metabolic fatigue becomes the factor limiting contractile force.
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including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. It occurs in
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1985:
1975:
1934:
1751:
1573:
974:
European
Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
399:
329:
112:
1645:
Inappropriate rapid heart rate response to exercise (tachycardia)
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811:
A Comprehensive Guide to
Geriatric Rehabilitation (Third Edition)
30:
This article is about the medical condition. For other uses, see
1518:
382:
1899:
1478:
1895:
413:
272:
464:
Rosen's
Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice
662:
De Becker P, McGregor N, De Meirleir K (September 2001).
511:
Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, Ninth Edition
1173:
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
807:"Chapter 16 - Muscle weakness and therapeutic exercise"
429:
1344:
906:"PubChem Compound Summary for CID 392622, Ritonavir"
877:"Muscle Weakness and Fatigue | Causes and Treatment"
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1966:
1933:
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813:, Oxford: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 112–119,
55:
47:
42:
213:Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
844:"Evaluation of the Patient with Muscle Weakness"
489:"Finding May Solve Riddle of Fatigue in Muscles"
614:"Exercise capacity in chronic fatigue syndrome"
207:, muscle strength is normal when resting, but
1911:
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8:
340:, neuromuscular fatigue is seldom an issue.
377:, generally results in the accumulation of
2136:Symptoms and signs: musculoskeletal system
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1216:International Journal of Sport Nutrition
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1302:Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
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1841:Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
837:
835:
7:
1185:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010003123.x
282:Myasthenia or myasthaenia (my- from
170:in the liver, which is known as the
1640:Dynamic symptoms (exercise-induced)
2121:Symptoms and signs: Nervous system
487:Kolata, Gina (February 12, 2008).
25:
1408:before 10/01/03); alternatively,
548:10.1046/j.1468-1331.1999.610063.x
107:Muscle cells work by detecting a
783:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01452.x
707:. Vol. 11. pp. 7–115.
681:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x
417:
111:of electrical impulses from the
1029:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1725
585:(5): 603–8, discussion 611–3.
1:
509:; Samuels, Martin A. (2009).
357:delayed onset muscle soreness
1269:10.1007/978-1-4899-1016-5_25
941:10.1007/978-1-4899-1016-5_39
842:Saguil, Aaron (2005-04-01).
630:10.1001/archinte.160.21.3270
259:or systems of organs, as in
203:In some conditions, such as
187:True vs. perceived weakness
2152:
1314:10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004
100:
29:
1872:Pseudoathletic appearance
1706:Intermittent claudication
1107:10.3109/13813459109145909
848:American Family Physician
368:Peripheral muscle fatigue
287:
235:
32:Weakness (disambiguation)
115:, which signals them to
1806:Rippling muscle disease
219:Asthenia vs. myasthenia
119:through the release of
2126:Neurological disorders
1784:Muscle channelopathies
1635:Myogenic hyperuricemia
426:This section is empty.
293:neuromuscular diseases
182:Differential diagnosis
151:sliding filament model
135:adenosine triphosphate
125:sarcoplasmic reticulum
87:neuromuscular junction
1681:Hyperthyroid myopathy
1228:10.1123/ijsn.5.s1.s29
1142:10.1002/mus.880070902
1064:10.1007/s004210000340
1052:Eur. J. Appl. Physiol
986:10.1007/s004210050558
713:10.1300/J092v11n01_02
349:high-frequency signal
325:Neuromuscular fatigue
155:adenosine diphosphate
83:inflammatory myopathy
1848:Compartment syndrome
1676:Hypothyroid myopathy
1666:Metabolic myopathies
1630:Exercise intolerance
1578:Hypothyroid myopathy
1860:Diastasis of muscle
1836:Myositis ossificans
462:Marx, John (2010).
145:. ATP binds to the
89:disorders, such as
2131:Muscular disorders
1880:Muscle hypertrophy
1876:Muscle hyperplasia
1811:Periodic paralysis
1762:Muscle contracture
1686:Hypoparathyroidism
1442:External resources
912:. 28 November 2022
591:10.1042/CS19980372
493:The New York Times
375:aerobic metabolism
269:protease inhibitor
194:muscular dystrophy
143:creatine phosphate
103:Muscle contraction
79:muscular dystrophy
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1884:Pseudohypertrophy
1735:Abnormal movement
1618:Low ATP reservoir
1470:McArdle's disease
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1278:978-1-4899-1018-9
1222:(Suppl): S29–38.
950:978-1-4899-1018-9
820:978-0-7020-4588-2
722:978-0-7890-2207-3
618:Arch. Intern. Med
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345:strength trainers
205:myasthenia gravis
91:myasthenia gravis
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37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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770:J. Intern. Med
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624:(21): 3270–7.
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2054:Bronchiolitis
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2041:Complications
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2019:
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1701:Pseudohypoxia
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1542:Delayed onset
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1505:Symptoms and
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1179:(3): 123–45.
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674:(3): 234–40.
673:
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644:on 2011-08-12
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406:to contract.
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275:treatment).
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210:
209:true weakness
206:
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60:
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54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
2084:Strep throat
2064:Otitis media
2030:
2006:Muscle aches
1752:Muscle spasm
1742:Muscle cramp
1554:Inflammation
1532:Fibromyalgia
1509:relating to
1449:
1425:
1414:
1391:
1376:
1361:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1219:
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1209:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1136:(9): 691–9.
1133:
1130:Muscle Nerve
1129:
1123:
1101:(1): 89–93.
1098:
1094:
1088:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1020:
1017:Physiol. Rev
1016:
1010:
980:(1): 57–63.
977:
973:
967:
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926:
914:. Retrieved
909:
900:
891:
885:. Retrieved
883:. 2021-06-28
881:patient.info
880:
871:
863:
851:
847:
824:, retrieved
810:
800:
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769:
759:
704:
698:
671:
667:
657:
646:. Retrieved
642:the original
621:
617:
607:
582:
578:
572:
539:
535:
529:
510:
501:
492:
482:
463:
457:
437:October 2017
434:
430:adding to it
425:
392:
388:
371:
342:
328:
319:serotonergic
311:
302:
281:
277:
253:
243:
239:
238:, literally
227:
223:
222:
208:
202:
176:
129:
106:
69:
68:
2069:Pharyngitis
2026:Sore throat
1953:Enterovirus
1948:Coronavirus
1927:Common cold
1691:Hypokalemia
1660:Second wind
1588:Destruction
1567:Pyomyositis
1451:MedlinePlus
916:28 November
542:(1): 63–9.
379:lactic acid
362:hypertrophy
353:lengthening
163:lactic acid
48:Other names
2115:Categories
2016:Rhinorrhea
1958:Rhinovirus
1943:Adenovirus
1820:Hypertonia
1801:Spasticity
1725:Alcoholism
1720:Starvation
1609:Amyotrophy
1507:conditions
1427:DiseasesDB
887:2023-11-19
826:2023-11-19
648:2011-03-12
449:References
410:Management
381:and other
321:pathways.
261:asthenopia
172:Cori cycle
131:Substrates
101:See also:
2079:Sinusitis
2074:Pneumonia
1816:Hypotonia
749:ignored (
739:cite book
731:1057-3321
579:Clin. Sci
338:pathology
265:Ritonavir
242:but also
228:asthaenia
62:Neurology
57:Specialty
2031:Weakness
2021:Sneezing
1991:Headache
1968:Symptoms
1853:Anterior
1779:Myotonia
1772:Adhesion
1767:Fibrosis
1747:Myokymia
1671:Diabetes
1574:Myoedema
1562:Myositis
1322:15308499
1249:127-133.
1201:23103331
1193:10843507
1158:13606531
1080:25906759
1072:11394239
1037:11581501
1002:22515865
994:10367724
860:15832536
792:15715687
690:11555128
638:11088089
599:10545311
564:33480143
556:10209352
396:myocytes
271:used in
236:ἀσθένεια
224:Asthenia
168:pyruvate
139:glycogen
117:contract
70:Weakness
51:Asthenia
43:Weakness
2001:Malaise
1981:Fatigue
1935:Viruses
1716:Fasting
1527:Myalgia
1421:D018908
1330:2745168
1287:8585461
1261:Fatigue
1236:7550256
1150:6100456
1115:1713492
959:8585476
933:Fatigue
244:disease
159:glucose
137:(ATP),
123:by the
121:calcium
74:symptom
18:Weakest
1711:Scurvy
1511:muscle
1456:003174
1410:780.79
1402:728.87
1328:
1320:
1285:
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404:myosin
383:acidic
330:Nerves
314:neural
257:organs
147:myosin
2093:Drugs
2059:Croup
1986:Fever
1976:Cough
1829:Other
1537:Acute
1432:22832
1406:728.9
1387:R53.1
1382:10-CM
1326:S2CID
1197:S2CID
1154:S2CID
1076:S2CID
998:S2CID
560:S2CID
400:actin
299:Types
284:Greek
232:Greek
113:brain
72:is a
1519:Pain
1416:MeSH
1397:9-CM
1318:PMID
1283:PMID
1273:ISBN
1232:PMID
1189:PMID
1146:PMID
1111:PMID
1068:PMID
1033:PMID
990:PMID
955:PMID
945:ISBN
918:2022
910:NCBI
856:PMID
815:ISBN
788:PMID
751:help
727:ISSN
717:ISBN
686:PMID
634:PMID
595:PMID
552:PMID
515:ISBN
468:ISBN
402:and
141:and
109:flow
81:and
1393:ICD
1378:ICD
1372:R53
1363:ICD
1310:doi
1306:287
1265:doi
1224:doi
1181:doi
1138:doi
1103:doi
1060:doi
1025:doi
982:doi
937:doi
893:it.
778:doi
774:257
709:doi
676:doi
672:250
626:doi
622:160
587:doi
544:doi
432:.
288:μυο
273:HIV
267:(a
226:or
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