Whisky - Knowledge (XXG)

1021:, so the "age" of a whisky is only the time between distillation and bottling. This reflects how much the cask has interacted with the whisky, changing its chemical makeup and taste. Whiskies that have been bottled for many years may have a rarity value, but are not "older" and not necessarily "better" than a more recent whisky that matured in wood for a similar time. After a decade or two, additional aging in a barrel does not necessarily improve a whisky, and excessive aging will even affect it negatively. The minimum aging period required for whisky varies by country. In the United States, the minimum aging requirement is typically 2 years, while in Scotland, Ireland, and Canada, it is generally 3 years. 936:, which can influence the flavor profile of the whisky, either enhancing or suppressing desirable characteristics. The fermenting vats are maintained within a controlled temperature range, typically between 10°C and 37.8°C, which is optimal for yeast activity. Distillers ensure consistency by using the same yeast strain to achieve uniformity in the final whiskey product. Fermentation continues for two days or longer until the alcohol content of the liquid reaches between 5% and 10%. Once fermentation is complete, and the yeast ceases to be active, the resulting liquid is referred to as 675: 1775:

three. However, it has seen a great resurgence in popularity since the late twentieth century, and has been the fastest growing spirit in the world every year since 1990. With exports growing by over 15% per annum in recent years, existing distilleries have been expanded and a number of new distilleries constructed. As of mid 2019, Ireland now has 25 operating distilleries, with 24 more either planned or under development. However, many of these have not been operating long enough to have products sufficiently aged for sale, and only one was operating prior to 1975.

785: 5126: 1712:'s 2013 annual report, "there is no compulsory definition of whisky in India, and the Indian voluntary standard does not require whisky to be distilled from cereals or to be matured." Molasses-based blends made up 90 percent of the spirits consumed as "whisky" in India, although whisky wholly distilled from malt and other grains is also produced. By 2004 shortages of wheat had been overcome and India was one of the largest producers. 598: 5137: 1173: 47: 1839: 1822: 1284: 5252: 2312: 1489: 1154: 1729: 5114: 2200: 1364:. Only water may be added to the final product; the addition of colouring or flavouring is prohibited. These whiskeys must be aged in new charred-oak containers, except for corn whiskey, which does not have to be aged. If it is aged, it must be in uncharred oak barrels or in used barrels. Corn whiskey is usually unaged and sold as a legal version of 404:. There are two schools of thought on the issue. One is that the spelling difference is simply a matter of regional language convention for the spelling of a word, indicating that the spelling varies depending on the intended audience or the background or personal preferences of the writer (like the difference between 1847:

specific criteria. Any age statement on the bottle, in the form of a number, must reflect the age of the youngest Scotch whisky used to produce that product. A whisky with an age statement is known as guaranteed age whisky. Scotch whisky without an age statement may, by law, be as young as three years old.

662:. Given the distances and primitive transportation network of colonial America, farmers often found it easier and more profitable to convert corn to whisky and transport it to market in that form. It also was a highly coveted trade good, and when an additional excise tax was levied against it in 1791, the 439:

is used in all other whisky-producing countries. In the US, the usage has not always been consistent. From the late eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, American writers used both spellings interchangeably until the introduction of newspaper style guides. Since the 1960s, American writers

1234:

is made from a mixture of different types of whisky. A blend may contain whisky from many distilleries so that the blender can produce a flavour consistent with the brand. The brand name may, therefore, omit the name of a distillery. Most Scotch, Irish and Canadian whisky is sold as part of a blend,

1213:, it contains whisky from many casks, and different years, so the blender can achieve a taste recognisable as typical of the distillery. In most cases, single malts bear the name of the distillery, with an age statement and perhaps some indication of some special treatments, such as maturation in a 954:

The decision to transfer either the entire wash or only the most liquid portion into the still is at the discretion of the distiller, and each choice affects the flavor profile of the final product in distinct ways. Following the transfer of the wash, the still is heated to a temperature sufficient

1973:

Although distillation of whisky in Wales began in Middle Ages there were no commercially operated distilleries during the 20th century. The rise of the temperance movement saw the decline of the commercial production of liquor during the 19th century and in 1894 Welsh whisky production ceased. The

1774:

Irish whiskey was once the most popular spirit in the world, though a long period of decline from the late 19th century to the late 20th century greatly damaged the industry, so much so that, although Ireland boasted over 30 distilleries in the 1890s, a century later this number had fallen to just

1719:

By 2022 India produced many whiskies both for the local market—the most lucrative market for whisky in the world—and export. Indian single malts comprised 15% of the local market in 2017, increasing to 33% in 2022. In the three years to 2022 sales of Indian malts increased by an annual average of

4205:"Congratulations to IWA member @DiageoIreland and Head Distiller Lorna Hemy on the commencement of distilling at Roe & Co Distillery. This marks the 25th Irish whiskey distillery to enter operations, with a further 24 in planning or development! #growth #Irishwhiskeypic.twitter.com/fznOkeTUoi" 892:, a large vat containing hot water, and is agitated for approximately thirty minutes or more. The water is then drained from the mashtun, which is subsequently refilled with hot water. This procedure is typically repeated between one and three times. Once complete, the resulting liquid, known as 846:

Malt production begins with the soaking of grains in water tanks for a period of three days. The soaked grains are then transferred to large containers where germination occurs, initiating the metabolic process that converts starches into sugars. This process is subsequently halted by drying the

1789:

Japan produces both single malt and blended whiskies. The base is a mash of malted barley, dried in kilns fired with a little peat (although less than what is used for some peated Scotch whiskies), and is distilled using the pot still method. Production began in the 1920s. Before 2000, Japanese

1846:

Scotch whiskies are generally distilled twice, although some are distilled a third time and others even up to twenty times. Scotch Whisky Regulations require anything bearing the label "Scotch" to be distilled in Scotland and matured for a minimum of three years in oak casks, among other, more

1502:

By Canadian law, Canadian whiskies must be produced and aged in Canada, be distilled from a fermented mash of cereal grain, be aged in wood barrels with a capacity limit of 700 litres (185 US gal; 154 imp gal) for not less than three years, and "possess the aroma, taste and

534:

in the 1st century AD, but these were not distillations of alcohol. The medieval Arabs adopted the distillation technique of the Alexandrian Greeks, and written records in Arabic begin in the 9th century, but again these were not distillations of alcohol. Distilling technology passed from the

1503:

character generally attributed to Canadian whisky". The terms "Canadian Whisky", "Rye Whisky", and "Canadian Rye Whisky" are legally indistinguishable in Canada and do not require any specific grain in their production and are often blends of two or more grains. Canadian whiskies may contain

1125:

The UK exports more whisky than the rest of the world combined. In 2022, whisky exports from Scotland were valued at £6.25 billion, making up a quarter of all UK food and drink export revenues. In 2012, the US was the largest market for Scotch whisky (£655 million), followed by France (£535

1677:

German whisky production is a relatively recent phenomenon having only started in the early 1990s. The styles produced resemble those made in Ireland, Scotland and the United States: single malts, blends, wheat, and bourbon-like styles. There is no standard spelling of German whiskies with

1507:

and flavouring in addition to the distilled mash spirits, and there is no maximum limit on the alcohol level of the distillation. The minimum bottling proof is 40% ABV. To be exported under one of the "Canadian Whisky" designations, a whisky cannot contain more than 9.09% imported spirits.

1004:

and other American whiskeys. Column stills behave like a series of single pot stills, formed in a long vertical tube. Whereas a single pot still charged with wine might yield a vapour enriched to 40–60% alcohol, a column still can achieve a vapour alcohol content of 95.6%; an

2139:, and have a strong, disagreeable smell and taste. An excess of fusel oils in whisky is considered a defect. A variety of methods are employed in the distillation process to remove unwanted fusel oils. Traditionally, American distillers focused on secondary filtration using 1117:, which is the statutory minimum in some countries – although the strength can vary, and cask-strength whisky may have as much as twice that alcohol percentage. Enthusiasts often prefer cask strength whisky for its concentrated flavors and customizable dilution experience. 961:. This distilled spirit is meticulously monitored during its extraction. The initial and final portions of the distillate are deemed undesirable and are therefore redirected back into the still. Only the middle portion, considered the most desirable, is collected in the 1974:

revival of Welsh whisky began in the 1990s. Initially a "Prince of Wales" malt whisky was sold as Welsh whisky but was simply blended scotch bottled in Wales. A lawsuit by Scotch distillers ended this enterprise. In 2000, Penderyn Distillery started production of

1873:

There is also a sixth region recognized by some sources, though not by the Scotch Whisky Association, The Islands, excluding Islay. This unofficial region, (part of the Highlands according to the Association), includes the following whisky-producing islands making

955:

to evaporate the alcohol while remaining low enough to prevent the evaporation of water. Alcohol vapour ascends through the still and is directed to the condenser, which consists of copper tubes or plates, where it condenses back into a liquid form known as the

1914:

was founded and is today the largest producer and has won several awards including European Whisky of the Year in Jim Murray's 2011 Whisky Bible and the International Wine & Spirits Competition (IWSC) 2012 Award for Best European Spirits Producer of 2012.

1812:

Mexican whisky is relatively young as it has not been as popular in the country as other distilled drinks but recently many distillers in the country have started to make a push to create homegrown whisky and make it as popular as whisky from other countries.

765: 982:-based compounds from the alcohol that would make it unpleasant to drink. Modern stills are made of stainless steel with copper innards (piping, for example, will be lined with copper along with copper plate inlays along still walls). The simplest standard 1959:. In 2015, Kavalan's Solist Vinho Barrique Single Cask was named the world's best single malt whisky by World Whiskies Awards. In 2016, Kavalan Solist Amontillado Sherry Single Cask was named the world's best single malt whisky by World Whisky Awards. 768: 773: 771: 767: 766: 967:. At this stage, the distilled spirit is clear and has an ethanol content ranging from 70% to 80% ABV. It is typically diluted before being transferred to casks for maturation, though some distilleries sell it as is at 'cask strength'. 772: 1750:

is now used to produce grain whiskey for blends. By law, Irish whiskey must be produced in Ireland and aged in wooden casks for a period of no less than three years, although in practice it is usually three or four times that period.

1550:

The second Danish distilled single malt whisky for sale was Edition No.1 from the Braunstein microbrewery and distillery. It was distilled in 2007, using water from the Greenlandic ice sheet, and entered the market in March 2010.

750:

era in the United States lasting from 1920 to 1933, all alcohol sales were banned in the country. The federal government made an exemption for whisky prescribed by a doctor and sold through licensed pharmacies, such as Walgreens.

1084:); after being used for this purpose, these casks are typically exported for use in the aging of other whiskies elsewhere. Distillers will sometimes age their whiskey in barrels previously used to age other spirits, such as 946:. Even though the wash is alcoholic it is still organic, which makes it susceptible to contamination by microorganisms that cause rot. Consequently, it is promptly transferred to the still for boiling to mitigate this risk. 420:), and the other is that the spelling should depend on the style or origin of the spirit being described. There is general agreement that when quoting the proper name printed on a label, one should not alter its spelling. 1948:

as the World Icons of Whisky "Whisky Visitor Attraction of the Year" for 2011, and its products have won several other awards. In 2012, Kavalan's Solist Fino Sherry Cask malt whisky was named "new whisky of the year" by

770: 1096:, to impart particular flavours. The size of the barrel also has an effect on the flavour development of the whisky, smaller barrels will contribute more to the whisky due to the higher wood surface to whisky ratio. 4095: 1263:) whiskies are bottled from an individual cask, and often the bottles are labelled with specific barrel and bottle numbers. The taste of these whiskies may vary substantially from cask to cask within a brand. 1546:

began producing whisky early in 1974. The first Danish single malt to go on sale was Lille Gadegård from Bornholm, in 2005. Lille Gadegård is a winery as well, and uses its own wine casks to mature whisky.

566:", spirit alcohol, primarily for medicinal purposes. The practice of medicinal distillation eventually passed from a monastic setting to the secular via professional medical practitioners of the time, The 1225:

is a mixture of single malt whiskies from different distilleries. If whisky is labelled "pure malt" or just "malt" it is almost certainly a blended malt whisky. This was formerly called a "vatted malt"

639:

or revenuers. Scottish distillers, operating out of homemade stills, took to distilling whisky at night when the darkness hid the smoke from the stills. For this reason, the drink became known as

1454:. (Benjamin Prichard's, which is not so filtered, was grandfathered in when the requirement was introduced in 2017.) The rest of the distillation process of Tennessee Whiskey is identical to 2300:. This is done primarily for cosmetic reasons. Unchillfiltered whiskies often turn cloudy when stored at cool temperatures or when cool water is added to them, and this is perfectly normal. 635:

of 1725, most of Scotland's distillation was either shut down or forced underground. Scotch whisky was hidden under altars, in coffins, and in any available space to avoid the governmental

3982: 1790:

whisky was primarily for the domestic market and exports were limited. In recent years, though, Japanese whisky has grown in popularity on the global market. Japanese whiskies such as

2497:, Second Edition: "In modern trade usage, Scotch whisky and Irish whiskey are thus distinguished in spelling; 'whisky' is the usual spelling in Britain and 'whiskey' that in the U.S." 1371:

There is no minimum aging period required for a spirit to legally be called whiskey. If one of these whiskey types reaches two years aging or beyond, it is additionally designated as

1145:

In 2011, 70% of Canadian whisky was exported, with about 60% going to the US, and the rest mostly to Europe and Asia. 15 million cases of Canadian whisky were sold in the US in 2011.

4401: 576:, which attributes the death of a chieftain in 1405 to "taking a surfeit of aqua vitae" at Christmas. In Scotland, the first evidence of whisky production comes from an entry in the 4588: 867:

Following the malting process, the grains are transferred to a dressing machine, which separates the sprouts from the seeds. The grains are then conveyed to a mill for grinding.

4619: 4177: 538:

The earliest records of the distillation of alcohol are in Italy in the 13th century, where alcohol was distilled from wine. An early description of the technique was given by

4116: 769: 4015: 2001:

is distilled elsewhere and re-distilled in the country of its nominal "origin". The ManX distillery takes a previously matured Scotch malt whisky and re-distills it.

2940:"Kevin R. Kosar, "What the Tea Party Could Learn from the Whiskey Rebellion", adapted from Kevin R. Kosar, Whiskey: A Global History (London: Reaktion Books, 2010)" 1704:/grain with only a small portion consisting of traditional malt whisky, usually about 10 to 12 percent. Outside India, such a drink would more likely be labelled a 704:

In 1823, the UK passed the Excise Act, legalizing the distillation (for a fee), and this put a practical end to the large-scale production of Scottish moonshine.

611:

The distillation process was still in its infancy; whisky itself was not allowed to age, and as a result tasted very raw and brutal compared to today's versions.

1126:

million). It is also one of the UK's overall top five manufacturing export earners and it supports around 42,000 jobs. Principal whisky producing areas include

1399:(NGS), and may also contain flavourings and colourings. The percentage of NGS must be disclosed on the label and may be as much at 80% on a proof gallon basis. 1624:

In 2005, there were two working distilleries in Finland and a third one under construction. Whisky retail sales in Finland are controlled solely by the state

4375: 2607: 1936:. In January 2010, one of the distillery's products caused a stir by beating three Scotch whiskies and one English whisky in a blind tasting organised in 5582: 3692: 1716:, the first single malt whisky produced in India, was launched in Glasgow, Scotland in 2004. After expanding in Europe it was launched in India in 2010. 3893: 3795: 1251:) whiskies are rare, and usually, only the very best whiskies are bottled in this way. They are bottled from the cask undiluted or only lightly diluted. 3613: 3591: 3333: 2180:(2,3-butanedione) has a buttery aroma and is present in almost all distilled beverages. Whiskies and cognacs typically contain more of this than 4683: 723:

whisky with that from the new Coffey still. The new distillation method was scoffed at by some Irish distillers, who clung to their traditional

2253: 567: 562:

The practice of distillation spread to Ireland and Scotland no later than the 15th century, as did the common European practice of distilling "

246:

worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains,

3440: 5095: 5076: 5057: 4975: 4923: 4866: 4813: 4750: 4719: 4338: 3939: 3394: 3000: 2746: 2706: 1850:

The basic types of Scotch are malt and grain, which are combined to create blends. Scotch malt whiskies were divided into five main regions:

3206:

Jeffery, John D.E., Aging of Whiskey Spirits in Barrels of Non-Traditional Volume, Master's Thesis, Michigan State University, p. 30 (2012).

1462:

and at least one other international trade agreement, and is similarly required to meet the legal definition of bourbon under Canadian law.

4408: 686:

The drinking of Scotch whisky was introduced to India in the nineteenth century. The first distillery in India was built by Edward Dyer at

2292:": chilled to precipitate out fatty acid esters and then filtered to remove them. Most whiskies are bottled this way, unless specified as 3993: 3467: 4627: 4596: 1660:

The first French whisky was produced at Warenghem distillery in 1987, who then introduced the first single malt French whisky in 1998.

4307: 2564: 1180:

Whisky or whisky-like products are produced in most grain-growing areas. They differ in base product, alcoholic content, and quality.

3867: 3841: 4786: 2369: 1576:

whisky and other organic spirits. The distillery was established in 2009, and in 2020 they launched their first 10 year old whisky.

814:, distillation, and maturation (aging). This process is typically followed by the two additional stages of bottling and marketing. 810:

Although specific methods may vary among distilleries, whisky production broadly comprises four primary stages: grain preparation,

4992: 4915: 4742: 4535: 4044: 3363: 1209:

is whisky from a single distillery made from a mash that uses only one particular malted grain. Unless the whisky is described as

5171: 3821: 2456: 1607: 747: 655: 1381:. A whiskey that fulfils all above requirements but derives from less than 51% of any one specific grain can be called simply a 5483: 4670: 4509: 4134: 1436: 186: 3671:"Terms and Conditions for the Issuance of Certificates of Age and Origin for Distilled Spirits Produced or Packaged in Canada" 2896: 2400: 1134:, where there are nine distilleries providing a major source of employment. In many places, the industry is closely linked to 5620: 5575: 4882: 1663:

According to a study in 2016, the French are the largest consumers of single malt whisky in the world, especially Scotch.

1099:

During maturation, up to 45 litres of whisky may evaporate from the cask over a 4 year period. This portion is called the

875:

The extraction of sugars to be converted into alcohol is achieved through a process known as mashing. During mashing, the

594:

purchased a large amount of whisky from the Guild of Barber-Surgeons, which held the monopoly on production at the time.

527:, with perfumes and aromatics being distilled, but this is subject to uncertain and disputed interpretations of evidence. 2537: 2859:

O'Clery, Michael; O'Clery, Cucogry; O'Mulconry, Ferfeasa; O'Duigenan, Cucogry; O'Clery, Conary; O'Donovan, John (1856).

2481:

A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society

1955: 1511:

Canadian whiskies are available throughout the world and are a culturally significant export. Well known brands include

4561: 4280: 3241: 1319:: made from mash that consists of at least 80% corn and is not aged, or, if aged, is aged in uncharred or used barrels. 920:(commonly known as "brewer's yeast"), is introduced to the sugary wort, which provides the necessary nutrients for its 2249: 1870:. Each of the whisky producing regions has a distinct flavour profile and characteristics to the whisky they produce. 1798:

won many prestigious international awards between 2007 and 2014. Japanese whisky has earned a reputation for quality.

2169:). Among whiskies the highest levels are associated with malt whisky. This acetal is a principal flavour compound in 1235:

even when the spirits are the product of one distillery, as is common in Canada. American blended whisky may contain

2099:. The sulfur compounds include thiophenes and polysulfides which seem to contribute to whiskey's roasted character. 674: 4829: 4481: 4433: 1950: 4379: 3519: 2191:

Polysulfides and thiophenes enter whiskey through the distillation process and contribute to its roasted flavour.

7520: 5568: 3493: 2962: 2615: 2212: 1709: 485: 3770: 3670: 2055:

compounds, of which some 200 to 300 are easily detected by chemical analysis. The flavouring chemicals include "

1678:

distilleries using both "whisky" and "whiskey". In 2008 there were 23 distilleries in Germany producing whisky.

7494: 5635: 5478: 5367: 3152: 2268:

Depending on the local regulations, additional flavourings and colouring compounds may be added to the whisky.

1867: 1768: 916: 628: 601: 368: 303: 3700: 3645: 2272:

may contain caramel and flavouring in addition to the distilled mash spirits. Scotch whisky may contain added

2161:

are rapidly formed in distillates and a great many are found in distilled beverages, the most prominent being

3288: 826:

into fermentable sugars, which can then be subjected to fermentation and distillation. This process involves

4939: 2818:

Whiskey: Technology, Production and Marketing: Handbook of Alcoholic Beverages Series p2 Academic Press 2003

1795: 1646: 1162: 715:, allowing for a cheaper and more efficient distillation of whisky. In 1850, Andrew Usher began producing a 31: 6971: 5854: 5720: 5504: 5473: 5468: 5425: 3410: 3182: 3135: 3118: 3101: 3084: 3067: 3051: 3034: 3017: 1451: 1033: 572: 3197:

Nickles, Jane, 2015 Certified Specialist of Spirits Study Guide, Society of Wine Educators, p. 23 (2015).

2876:

Great Britain. Public Record Office; Stuart, John; Burnett, George; Scotland. Court of Exchequer (1878).

5650: 5514: 5284: 2335: 2107:

The distinctive smoky flavour found in various types of whisky, especially Scotch, is due to the use of

2080: 1851: 1835:

Whisky made in Scotland is known as Scotch whisky, or simply as "Scotch" (especially in North America).

1477: 1396: 738:

pest that ruined much of the grape crop; as a result, whisky became the primary liquor in many markets.

5017: 2992: 615:-era whisky was also very potent and not diluted. Over time whisky evolved into a much smoother drink. 4589:"Kavalan Solist Amontillado Sherry Single Cask Strength – World's Best Single Cask Single Malt Whisky" 3337: 2513: 7380: 6155: 5725: 5640: 5164: 3826: 2698:

A short history of the art of distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal

2667:

Martin Levey (1956). "Babylonian Chemistry: A Study of Arabic and Second Millennium B.C. Perfumery",

1979: 1863: 1855: 1746:

being the exception as they also double distil. Though traditionally distilled using pot stills, the

1532: 1127: 933: 921: 587: 535:

medieval Arabs to the medieval Latins, with the earliest records in Latin in the early 12th century.

1527:

among others. The historic popularity of Canadian whisky in the United States is partly a result of

5747: 5735: 5420: 5289: 5204: 3722: 3444: 1221: 925: 647: 4153: 3748: 2738: 2644: 1172: 898:, which contains the extracted sugars, is separated from the mash, cooled, and transferred to the 6175: 5645: 5591: 5415: 5199: 5118: 4204: 4100: 2841: 2166: 2124: 2040: 1929: 1875: 1859: 1760: 1603: 1432: 1205: 624: 7450: 7445: 7300: 7061: 4255: 3989: 784: 631:, and thereafter taxes on distilled spirits rose dramatically. Following parliament's divisive 7290: 7205: 7188: 6738: 6525: 6465: 5655: 5509: 5327: 5320: 5091: 5072: 5053: 4971: 4919: 4862: 4809: 4782: 4746: 4715: 4334: 4020: 3935: 3390: 2996: 2742: 2702: 2560: 2330: 2325: 1975: 1756: 1743: 1471: 1420: 1406: 1357: 1139: 1114: 938: 663: 651: 524: 158: 76: 2645:"Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22" 2581: 1645:

French whisky is whisky produced in France. The distilleries producing French whisky include

448:

for aged grain spirits made outside the US. However, some prominent American brands, such as

7109: 7083: 6838: 6718: 5673: 5549: 5384: 5310: 5294: 5231: 5216: 4774: 4495: 3923: 2730: 2277: 1924: 1879: 1650: 1625: 1440: 1424: 1373: 1340: 1278: 1101: 957: 271: 243: 123: 4315: 3311: 3267: 1649:

and Warenghem in Brittany, Guillon in the Champagne region, and Grallet-Dupic in Lorraine.

1295:. It must have the taste, aroma, and other characteristics commonly attributed to whiskey. 7515: 6848: 6822: 6753: 6728: 6693: 6642: 6582: 6165: 5772: 5630: 5625: 5410: 5374: 5332: 5315: 5279: 5274: 5157: 4229: 3871: 3845: 2914: 2289: 2269: 2238: 2060: 1911: 1784: 1764: 1697: 1555: 1497: 1455: 1392: 1361: 1302: 1236: 1077: 1001: 831: 597: 299: 148: 133: 128: 2731: 2377: 643:. At one point, it was estimated that over half of Scotland's whisky output was illegal. 453: 5125: 4649: 2860: 1415:: a mixture of neutral spirits and at least 5% of certain stricter categories of whiskey 1056:. Extraction in particular results in whisky acquiring a number of compounds, including 590:(r. 1488–1513) reportedly had a great liking for Scotch whisky, and in 1506 the town of 7163: 6996: 6961: 6773: 6632: 5544: 5442: 5342: 5337: 4539: 4455: 2227: 2072: 2044: 1983: 1883: 1807: 1713: 1619: 1606:

ceased until 2003. There are currently 55 distilleries producing English whisky and 20

1585: 1412: 1230: 1073: 1032:

casks, whisky undergoes six processes that contribute to its colour and final flavour:

929: 716: 695: 358: 353: 138: 5136: 4096:"How India's first single malt brand Amrut Distilleries cracked luxury market in West" 3931: 7509: 7385: 7365: 7245: 6951: 6798: 6698: 6688: 6592: 6500: 6480: 6388: 6170: 5452: 5405: 5379: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5257: 5236: 2425: 2317: 2273: 1830: 1737: 1687: 1672: 1640: 1516: 1428: 1346: 1243: 1166: 1069: 1045: 1029: 708: 679: 636: 605: 490: 449: 432: 267: 153: 143: 88: 4513: 4138: 3956: 3566: 2877: 2762: 855:. In the production of Scotch whisky, the air used for kilning is heated by burning 7097: 6733: 6652: 6637: 6520: 5954: 5844: 5839: 5730: 5715: 5534: 5389: 5221: 5211: 3986: 3544: 2900: 2340: 2162: 2023: 2004: 1968: 1887: 1747: 1573: 1402: 1316: 1292: 1193: 1025: 997: 993: 983: 811: 712: 659: 512: 457: 343: 331: 247: 216: 163: 7320: 7295: 7143: 7011: 6853: 5869: 4886: 4769:

Cole, V. C.; Noble, A. C. (1 January 1995). Lea, A. G. H.; Piggott, J. R. (eds.).

1520: 990:, consisting of a single heated chamber and a vessel to collect purified alcohol. 678:

A man pours some whisky into a flask in this 1869 oil painting by Scottish artist

46: 4965: 4909: 4856: 4803: 4778: 4736: 4709: 2696: 2260:

on Earth. Particularly, wood extractives were more present in the space samples.

7250: 6986: 6931: 6833: 6803: 6570: 6333: 6313: 6283: 6220: 6090: 6055: 6030: 5994: 5944: 5914: 5904: 5829: 5819: 5809: 5804: 5678: 5447: 5226: 5194: 2430:

Federal Register of Legislation – Food Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code

2084: 1998: 1994: 1941: 1528: 1512: 1444: 1331: 1322: 1255: 1184: 1037: 963: 798: 612: 543: 539: 520: 4117:"How India's new taste for local whisky is shaking up the global drinks market" 7455: 7390: 7335: 7275: 7220: 7168: 6936: 6657: 6627: 5894: 5884: 5742: 5539: 5247: 5141: 2307: 2234: 2052: 1821: 1524: 1283: 1049: 735: 584:, by order of the king, to make aquavitae", enough to make about 500 bottles. 563: 531: 321: 2882:. PIMS – University of Toronto. Edinburgh : H.M. General Register House. 859:

bricks in a furnace, imparting the characteristic smoky flavour to the malt.

727:. Many Irish contended that the new product was, in fact, not whisky at all. 7440: 7405: 7375: 7235: 6946: 6708: 6602: 6565: 6343: 6273: 6150: 6130: 6065: 5984: 5859: 5698: 5519: 5499: 5435: 5129: 4565: 4354: 4284: 3924: 2128: 2012: 1838: 1595: 1488: 1476:

Australian whiskies have won global whisky awards and medals, including the

1365: 1214: 1158: 1153: 1085: 1041: 1006: 987: 724: 720: 640: 516: 228: 224: 7230: 7006: 6205: 5524: 5251: 3567:"SICE- Free Trade Agreement between Chile and the United States of America" 3216: 2345: 2311: 1759:

Peated Malt whiskey. There are several types of whiskey common to Ireland:

1298:

Some types of whiskey listed in the United States federal regulations are:

1138:, with many distilleries also functioning as attractions worth £30 million 5113: 1728: 7465: 7460: 7425: 7415: 7325: 7260: 7153: 7092: 7071: 7056: 6906: 6607: 6470: 6413: 6393: 6293: 6268: 6235: 6120: 5979: 5974: 5964: 5879: 5864: 5849: 2231: 2177: 2140: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2056: 1701: 1654: 1447: 1081: 1065: 1057: 888: 876: 632: 581: 551: 2845: 2829: 2276:, but no other additives. The addition of flavourings is not allowed in 1657:, Brittany. In 2022, there were around 100 whisky producers in France. 17: 7435: 7355: 7340: 7285: 7198: 7178: 7133: 7128: 7118: 7102: 7076: 7041: 7001: 6991: 6941: 6886: 6763: 6748: 6667: 6647: 6612: 6545: 6145: 6105: 6085: 6050: 6009: 5934: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5430: 4833: 2939: 2479: 2257: 2220: 2216: 2199: 2132: 2076: 1791: 1599: 1559: 1543: 1504: 1306: 1135: 883: 835: 827: 687: 428: 196: 192: 5560: 3894:"10 of the biggest scotch whisky-consuming countries around the world" 3592:"Canada Food and Drug regulations, C.R.C. C.870, provision B.02.022.1" 1982:, and it is now sold worldwide. Penderyn Distillery is located in the 1439:. The main difference defining a Tennessee whiskey is that it must be 1356:

These types of American whiskey must be distilled to no more than 80%

7475: 7400: 7330: 7310: 7305: 7265: 6976: 6901: 6896: 6881: 6843: 6818: 6808: 6778: 6768: 6758: 6622: 6587: 6577: 6535: 6530: 6510: 6490: 6443: 6418: 6408: 6258: 6125: 6115: 6095: 6070: 5999: 5874: 4993:"Whiskey aged in space tastes like throat lozenges and rubbery smoke" 4069: 3545:"North American Free Trade Agreement Annex 313: Distinctive products" 2208: 2185: 2170: 2158: 2144: 2068: 2019: 1933: 1891: 1591: 1326: 1093: 1053: 1018: 979: 975: 879: 823: 822:

To initiate whisky production, grains are processed to convert their

731: 698: 591: 327: 236: 200: 182: 60: 4178:"Distillers in high spirits as the whiskey sector enters golden era" 2123:

The flavouring of whisky is partially determined by the presence of

2022:

that makes single malt whisky, including Alba, which is matured in

1906:

Whisky started being produced in Sweden in 1955 by the now defunct

444:

as the accepted spelling for aged grain spirits made in the US and

7210: 7016: 6966: 6921: 6911: 6876: 6788: 6662: 6597: 6540: 6403: 6378: 6373: 6358: 6338: 6323: 6303: 6288: 6195: 6185: 6180: 6140: 6135: 6110: 6080: 6045: 6040: 6004: 5989: 5924: 5794: 5708: 5529: 2245: 2198: 2181: 2152: 2136: 2064: 1937: 1837: 1820: 1727: 1693: 1569: 1487: 1459: 1458:. Whiskey sold as "Tennessee whiskey" is defined as bourbon under 1350: 1310: 1282: 1171: 1152: 1131: 1000:

and are the most commonly used type of still in the production of

971: 911: 691: 673: 596: 547: 315: 212: 204: 189: 30:

This article is about the alcoholic beverage. For other uses, see

5090:(3rd ed.). Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). 2879:

Rotuli scaccarii regum Scotorum = The Exchequer rolls of Scotland

2795: 7123: 6783: 6368: 6348: 6278: 6230: 6225: 6160: 6100: 5703: 3646:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Food and Drug Regulations" 2148: 2112: 2108: 1895: 1752: 1628: 1565: 1188: 1061: 894: 856: 852: 701:), as there was an abundant supply of fresh spring water there. 372:

in Scottish Gaelic. Early forms of the word in English included

220: 109: 7039: 6441: 5770: 5602: 5564: 5153: 4908:

Belitz, Hans-Dieter; Schieberle, Peter; Grosch, Werner (2004).

4735:

Belitz, Hans-Dieter; Schieberle, Peter; Grosch, Werner (2004).

4355:"ASIL Insight: WTO Protections for Food Geographic Indications" 3418: 1692:

Distilled alcoholic beverages that are labelled as "whisky" in

1602:

until the late 19th century, after which production of English

1113:

Most whiskies are sold at or near an alcoholic strength of 40%

882:

is activated, which facilitates the conversion of starches and

7350: 6956: 6555: 6215: 3842:"'With a Dash of Water' Finnish Whisky Culture and its Future" 2865:. PIMS – University of Toronto. Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co. 2048: 1986:

and is considered to be the smallest distillery in the world.

1705: 1388:

US regulations recognize other whiskey categories, including:

1335: 1089: 530:

The earliest certain chemical distillations were by Greeks in

232: 208: 1531:

illegally importing it into the country during the period of

335: 281: 275: 227:. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of 4016:"Scotch whisky makers threaten action against Indian blends" 2230:. One study identified 40 different phenolic compounds. The 690:

in the late 1820s. The operation was soon shifted to nearby

570:. The earliest mention of whiskey in Ireland comes from the 1395:: a mixture that contains a blend of straight whiskeys and 546:, largely for medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of 468:, the legal regulations for spirit in the US, also use the 2834:

The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

5149: 3614:"Move over Fosters, Whisky Bible toasts Australian drams" 2237:

is present in whisky, with the highest level reported in

1631:

and advertising of strong alcoholic beverages is banned.

1343:: made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted rye 484:

within Scotland. Elsewhere and in the regulations of the

4070:"Amrut Distilleries: The Pioneers Of Indian Single Malt" 3727:, "Dansk whisky destilleres på indlandsis", (in Danish)" 488:(SWA) that govern its production, it is commonly called 3364:"Growing appetite for American whisky straining supply" 2451: 2280:"straight" whiskey, but is allowed in American blends. 1610:. An English whisky GI is currently awaiting approval. 1291:

American whiskey is distilled from a fermented mash of

3983:"Battle for the world's largest whisky market – India" 3796:"Brands - Whiskybase - Ratings and reviews for whisky" 2538:"New York Times Buckles To Pressure From Scotch Snobs" 2256:

significantly different from similar test subjects in

1325:: made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted 4256:"Japanese Whisky Guide | Learn About Japanese Whisky" 2051:, are complex beverages that contain a vast range of 2007:

is Frisian single malt, distilled and bottled in the

1755:

malt is almost always used, the main exception being

1313:) and aged in new charred American white oak barrels. 362: 293: 3822:"Producers seek legal definition for English whisky" 1480:

and Jim Murray's Whisky Bible "Liquid Gold Awards".

314:

of the same meaning. Distilled alcohol was known in

83:

At least 40% (37% in Australia, 43% in South Africa)

6869: 6678: 6455: 6246: 6020: 5784: 5666: 5613: 5492: 5461: 5398: 5303: 5267: 5187: 5052:. Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing). 3917: 3915: 2484:. Kragen Javier Sitaker. Clarendon Press at Oxford. 1910:brand. Their last bottle was sold in 1971. In 1999 1742:Irish whiskeys are normally distilled three times, 646:In America, whisky was used as currency during the 116: 105: 97: 87: 74: 66: 56: 3644:Branch, Legislative Services (27 September 2022). 3334:"Scotch Whisky Exports & Visitor Numbers Soar" 2608:"Whiskey vs Whisky: Newspapers & Style Guides" 2531: 2529: 2527: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2211:absorbs substances from the wood. One of these is 1978:. The first bottles went on sale on 1 March 2004, 1419:Another important labelling in the marketplace is 1409:and stored in used or uncharred new oak containers 1017:Whiskies do not mature in the bottle, only in the 886:into sugars. The ground malt is introduced into a 4230:"5 Things You Need To Know About Japanese Whisky" 2219:" or "quercus lactone", a compound with a strong 4764: 4762: 4045:"Obesity lawsuits loom for soft drinks industry" 3242:"Global whiskey export leaders, by country 2022" 1176:Malted barley is an ingredient of some whiskies. 3357: 3355: 1349:: made from mash that consists of at least 51% 1334:: made from mash that consists of at least 51% 1200:Malts and grains are combined in various ways: 847:grains with hot air, a procedure also known as 793:The production of whisky from barley to bottle 4684:"Meet Italy's whisky pioneers | Scotch Whisky" 4172: 4170: 4135:"Differences between Scotch and Irish whiskey" 2814: 2812: 2457:An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language 2426:"Standard 2.7.5 – Spirits – 2.7.5—3(3)(b)(ii)" 924:. The yeast metabolizes the sugars, producing 199:) are used for different varieties, including 5576: 5165: 3695:[First Danish whiskey for 35 years]. 3673:. Canada – Justice Laws Website. 18 June 2009 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2401:"Why One Spirit Can Have Many Different ABVs" 2363: 2361: 2067:, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds, 542:(1232–1315). Its use spread through medieval 8: 2733:Whisky: technology, production and marketing 39: 7044:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients 4203:Association, Irish Whiskey (11 June 2019). 3639: 3637: 3635: 2173:, and contributes fruitiness to the aroma. 1932:was the first private whisky distillery in 1720:42%, compared with 7% for imported rivals. 466:Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits 460:(all made by different companies), use the 341: 319: 287: 7036: 6452: 6438: 5781: 5767: 5610: 5599: 5583: 5569: 5561: 5172: 5158: 5150: 4650:"Planet Whiskies Welsh Distillery Section" 3520:"Tennessee Whiskey Versus Bourbon Whiskey" 2763:"The History of Whisky – The Whisky Guide" 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2244:In an experiment, whiskey aged 3 years in 2011:. It is the first single malt produced in 1653:is produced by Distillerie des Menhirs in 1287:Various American whiskeys on store shelves 910:During fermentation, a specific strain of 396:Much is made of the word's two spellings: 45: 38: 5071:. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 4967:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages 4858:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages 4805:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages 4711:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages 3140:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 18–21. 3106:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 17–18. 3089:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 16–17. 3056:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 14–15. 2830:"Guesting and Feasting in Gaelic Ireland" 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2555:Zandona, Eric; et al. (March 2013). 996:are frequently used in the production of 480:Whisky made in Scotland is simply called 3518:Cowdery, Charles K. (21 February 2009). 3492:Cowdery, Charles K. (16 December 2009). 3389:. McClelland & Stewart. p. 58. 3217:"The Observatory of Economic Complexity" 2891: 2889: 2536:Cowdery, Charles K. (11 February 2009). 2512:Cowdery, Charles K. (24 February 2009). 2432:. Australian Government. 5 December 2019 2203:A charred oak barrel used to age whiskey 1024:While aging in wooden casks, especially 302:). This Gaelic word shares its ultimate 4620:"Welsh will make a rare bit of whiskey" 4496:"The beginner's guide to scotch whisky" 4376:"What does a whisky's age really mean?" 4331:Michael Jackson's Malt Whisky Companion 3699:(in Danish). 5 May 2009. Archived from 3441:"Benjamin Prichard's Tennessee Whiskey" 3332:The Whisky Barrel (12 September 2011). 3291:. Government of Scotland. 27 March 2012 2557:A World Guide to Whisk(e)y Distilleries 2357: 2942:. Alcoholreviews.com. 12 November 2010 2226:Commercially charred oaks are rich in 2184:, but significantly less than rums or 2131:. Fusel oils are higher alcohols than 1405:: produced in the US at more than 80% 580:for 1495 where malt is sent "To Friar 223:, which are typically made of charred 5067:Buxton, Ian; Hughes, Paul S. (2014). 4043:beveragedaily.com (25 January 2006). 3820:Malczewski, Kate (25 February 2022). 3187:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 24. 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3123:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 18. 3039:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 14. 3022:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 13. 2989:Irish Whiskey – A 1000 year tradition 2399:Bauer, Bruce T. (15 September 2016). 2264:Flavours and colouring from additives 1572:) in the center of Denmark, produces 974:for making whisky is usually made of 851:, at the end of which the product is 627:merged England and Scotland into the 367: 352: 7: 4094:Duttagupta, Ishani (29 April 2012). 3387:Canadian Whisky: The Portable Expert 2828:Simms, Katharine (22 January 1978). 1360:, and barrelled at no more than 125 1309:that consists of at least 51% corn ( 4562:"2012 Producer Trophies - IWSC.NET" 4510:"Skeppets whisky – English version" 4306:Coldicott, Nicholas (23 May 2008). 4115:Charu Sudan Kasturi (4 June 2022). 2961:Harrison, Joel (29 December 2011). 797:, swan necked copper stills in the 5069:The Science and Commerce of Whisky 4991:Grush, Loren (10 September 2015). 4940:"What Is The Chemistry Of Whisky?" 4333:. Dorling Kindersley. p. 12. 1700:that are distilled from fermented 464:spelling on their labels, and the 286:) meaning "water" (now written as 25: 4832:. The Beer Brewer. Archived from 4773:. Springer US. pp. 361–385. 3494:"Favorite whiskey myths debunked" 3466:Stambor, Zak (16 February 2015). 2155:to remove undesired distillates. 2087:. The nitrogen compounds include 2018:Puni is an Italian distillery in 986:apparatus is commonly known as a 5250: 5135: 5124: 5112: 4885:. Wine-Pages.com. Archived from 3289:"Record high for food and drink" 2862:Annals of the kingdom of Ireland 2310: 1423:, which includes brands such as 783: 763: 4671:Handbook of Alcoholic Beverages 4308:"Japanese malt scotches rivals" 3955:Felten, Eric (26 August 2006). 3930:. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 2103:Flavours from treating the malt 734:industry was devastated by the 498:(especially in North America). 250:, and aging in wooden barrels. 242:Whisky is a strictly regulated 195:. Various grains (which may be 5621:History of alcoholic beverages 3981:Peachey, Paul (3 March 2006). 3775:www.cooperkingdistillery.co.uk 3693:"Første danske whisky i 35 år" 3468:"A whiskey fight in Tennessee" 3385:De Kergommeaux, Davin (2012). 1944:. The distillery was named by 1696:were commonly blends based on 1009:mixture of alcohol and water. 1: 5140:The dictionary definition of 4771:Fermented Beverage Production 3362:Stastna, Kazi (25 May 2013). 3151:Stone, Jason (18 July 2012). 2695:Forbes, Robert James (1970). 2559:. Hayward: White Mule Press. 2370:"Does the ABV Really Matter?" 2207:Whisky that has been aged in 1196:– made from any type of grain 5484:Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail 5132:travel guide from Wikivoyage 4779:10.1007/978-1-4757-5214-4_14 4618:Kelly, Amanda (8 May 2000). 4536:"Whisky Bible Award Winners" 4281:"Awards Won by Nikka Whisky" 1984:Brecon Beacons National Park 1842:The regions of Scotch whisky 1080:are required to be new (and 326:("water of life"). This was 27:Distilled alcoholic beverage 4436:. Scotch Whisky Association 4283:. Nikka.com. Archived from 3957:"Where 'Whisky' Can Be Rum" 3310:Scotch Whisky Association. 3266:Scotch Whisky Association. 3155:. The Whiskey Still Company 2478:James A. H. Murray (1926). 2250:International Space Station 1976:Penderyn single malt whisky 1450:before aging, known as the 1076:. The casks used for aging 7537: 4970:. CRC Press. p. 574. 4861:. CRC Press. p. 554. 4808:. CRC Press. p. 553. 4714:. CRC Press. p. 548. 4673:p.532. John Wiley and Sons 2796:"History of Scotch Whisky" 2737:. Academic Press. p. 2582:"Whiskey vs Whisky Series" 2119:Flavours from distillation 1966: 1922: 1828: 1805: 1782: 1735: 1685: 1670: 1638: 1617: 1583: 1495: 1469: 1276: 29: 7490: 7049: 7035: 6451: 6437: 5780: 5766: 5609: 5598: 5245: 4456:"Whisky Regions Scotland" 4329:Jackson, Michael (1994). 4154:"Irish Whiskey Act, 1980" 4074:www.amrutdistilleries.com 3922:MaClean, Charles (2008). 3868:"Distillerie des Menhirs" 3184:Whiskey: A Global History 3137:Whiskey: A Global History 3120:Whiskey: A Global History 3103:Whiskey: A Global History 3086:Whiskey: A Global History 3072:. Edible. Reaktion Books. 3069:Whiskey: A Global History 3053:Whiskey: A Global History 3036:Whiskey: A Global History 3019:Whiskey: A Global History 2495:Oxford English Dictionary 2274:(E150A) caramel colouring 2213:cis-3-methyl-4-octanolide 2079:, and oxygen-containing, 1956:Jim Murray's Whisky Bible 1940:, Scotland, to celebrate 1710:Scotch Whisky Association 1568:, from the island Funen ( 1492:Various Canadian whiskies 730:By the 1880s, the French 486:Scotch Whisky Association 239:are also sometimes used. 44: 6893:Coconut and other palms 6265:Coconut and other palms 5636:History of Bordeaux wine 5479:Scotch Whisky Experience 5086:Smith, Gavin D. (2009). 4669:Alan J. Buglass (2011). 4254:Staff, words: VinePair. 3771:"The English Whisky Map" 3749:"Cornish take on Scotch" 2331:List of cocktails#Whisky 1769:single pot still whiskey 1608:brands of English whisky 1385:without naming a grain. 917:Saccharomyces cerevisiae 629:Kingdom of Great Britain 602:Old Bushmills Distillery 568:Guild of Barber Surgeons 5721:Drinking establishments 5048:Andrews, Allen (2002). 4482:"Scotch Whisky Regions" 4152:Government of Ireland. 3650:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca 2987:Magee, Malachy (2001). 2897:"The History of Whisky" 2215:, known as the "whisky 1825:Various Scotch whiskies 1590:Distillers operated in 1163:Auchentoshan Distillery 719:that mixed traditional 440:have increasingly used 336: 282: 276: 101:Pale gold to dark amber 32:Whisky (disambiguation) 6928:Sugarcane or molasses 6365:Sugarcane or molasses 5604:History and production 5505:Glencairn whisky glass 5474:Kentucky Bourbon Trail 5469:American Whiskey Trail 5426:Lincoln County Process 4538:. 2011. Archived from 4402:"So, Does Age Matter?" 4312:The Japan Times Online 3729:. Bt.dk. 22 March 2010 3524:The Chuck Cowdery Blog 3498:The Chuck Cowdery Blog 2729:Russell, Inge (2003). 2542:The Chuck Cowdery Blog 2518:The Chuck Cowdery Blog 2514:"Why Spelling Matters" 2204: 2081:heterocyclic compounds 1843: 1826: 1733: 1732:Various Irish whiskeys 1554:Another distillery is 1493: 1452:Lincoln County Process 1288: 1177: 1169: 902:, or fermenting vats. 694:(close to the British 683: 608: 573:Annals of Clonmacnoise 363: 342: 320: 294: 288: 215:. Whisky is typically 5651:History of Rioja wine 5515:List of whisky brands 5024:. Whisky for Everyone 4883:"Aromas and Flavours" 4593:World Whiskies Awards 3312:"Facts & Figures" 3268:"Facts & Figures" 2336:List of whisky brands 2202: 2059:compounds, alcohols, 1841: 1824: 1731: 1491: 1478:World Whiskies Awards 1397:neutral grain spirits 1286: 1175: 1156: 677: 600: 515:was practised by the 472:spelling throughout. 369:[ˈɯʃkʲəˈbɛhə] 354:[ˈɪʃcəˈbʲahə] 292:in Modern Irish, and 7362:Mammee apple flower 5641:History of Champagne 5121:at Wikimedia Commons 3898:Lifestyle Asia India 3874:on 17 September 2018 3827:The Spirits Business 3594:. Laws.justice.gc.ca 3415:collierandmckeel.com 3411:"Collier and McKeel" 1533:American Prohibition 1379:straight rye whiskey 922:asexual reproduction 588:James IV of Scotland 558:Ireland and Scotland 511:It is possible that 350:Irish pronunciation: 7412:Sugarcane/molasses 5855:Moscatel de Setúbal 5748:Yeast in winemaking 5736:Yeast in winemaking 5592:Alcoholic beverages 5421:Independent bottler 4964:Maarse, H. (1991). 4855:Maarse, H. (1991). 4836:on 19 December 2007 4802:Maarse, H. (1991). 4708:Maarse, H. (1991). 4630:on 25 November 2009 4287:on 17 December 2013 3990:Mail & Guardian 3961:Wall Street Journal 3900:. 21 September 2022 2903:on 25 January 2010. 2111:smoke to treat the 2041:distilled beverages 2039:Whiskies and other 1708:. According to the 1437:Benjamin Prichard's 1222:Blended malt whisky 978:, since it removes 648:American Revolution 392:Names and spellings 41: 5646:History of Chianti 5614:History of alcohol 5268:Other designations 5018:"Chill Filtration" 4889:on 18 October 2007 4599:on 23 January 2017 4568:on 14 October 2013 4498:. 16 January 2021. 4182:www.irishtimes.com 4101:The Economic Times 4024:. PTI. 12 May 2014 3800:www.whiskybase.com 3703:on 23 October 2012 3340:on 19 October 2013 2915:"What Is Whiskey?" 2767:thewhiskyguide.com 2380:on 23 January 2021 2298:non-chill filtered 2228:phenolic compounds 2205: 2167:1,1-diethoxyethane 2009:Us Heit Distillery 1876:Island single malt 1844: 1827: 1734: 1604:single malt whisky 1494: 1433:Collier and McKeel 1289: 1268:National varieties 1206:Single malt whisky 1178: 1170: 1013:Maturation (Aging) 684: 656:a large distillery 609: 61:Distilled beverage 7503: 7502: 7486: 7485: 7189:Chocolate liqueur 7150:Blackthorn shrub 7031: 7030: 7027: 7026: 6983:Various starches 6739:Tennessee whiskey 6433: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6400:Various starches 5762: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5656:History of Sherry 5558: 5557: 5510:List of cocktails 5399:Whisky production 5117:Media related to 5097:978-1-906476-03-8 5088:The A–Z of Whisky 5078:978-1-84973-150-8 5059:978-1-897784-84-6 5050:The Whisky Barons 4977:978-0-8247-8390-7 4925:978-3-540-40818-5 4868:978-0-8247-8390-7 4815:978-0-8247-8390-7 4752:978-3-540-40818-5 4721:978-0-8247-8390-7 4587:Paragraph.co.uk. 4460:The Plate Unknown 4340:978-0-7513-0146-5 4184:. 8 November 2013 4049:beveragedaily.com 4021:Business Standard 3941:978-0-7566-3349-3 3421:on 13 August 2011 3396:978-0-7710-2743-7 3002:978-0-86278-228-3 2963:"Whisky in India" 2748:978-0-12-669202-0 2708:978-90-04-00617-1 2618:on 3 January 2015 2368:Wisniewski, Ian. 2326:Outline of whisky 2288:Whisky is often " 2195:Flavours from oak 1980:Saint David's Day 1744:Cooley Distillery 1566:Nyborg Destilleri 1472:Australian whisky 1421:Tennessee whiskey 1407:alcohol by volume 1358:alcohol by volume 818:Grain preparation 774: 664:Whiskey Rebellion 652:George Washington 525:2nd millennium BC 172: 171: 159:Tennessee whiskey 77:Alcohol by volume 70:13th–15th century 51:A glass of whisky 16:(Redirected from 7528: 7521:Distilled drinks 7110:Herbs de Majorca 7084:Anisado Mallorca 7037: 6839:American whiskey 6830:Multiple grains 6719:Buckwheat whisky 6453: 6439: 6212:Multiple grains 5782: 5773:Fermented drinks 5768: 5674:Alcohol industry 5611: 5600: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5562: 5550:Whisky with food 5368:Single pot still 5304:Whisky by region 5260: 5255: 5254: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5151: 5139: 5128: 5116: 5101: 5082: 5063: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4688:scotchwhisky.com 4680: 4674: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4626:. Archived from 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4595:. Archived from 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4564:. Archived from 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4512:. Archived from 4506: 4500: 4499: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4462:. 18 August 2020 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4434:"Whisky Regions" 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4414:on 14 April 2011 4413: 4407:. Archived from 4406: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4378:. Archived from 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4314:. Archived from 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4209:@IrishWhiskeyAsc 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4137:. Archived from 4131: 4125: 4124: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3992:. Archived from 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3929: 3919: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3870:. Archived from 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3844:. Archived from 3838: 3832: 3831: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3641: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3620:. 8 January 2012 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3571:www.sice.oas.org 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3443:. Archived from 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3417:. Archived from 3407: 3401: 3400: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3359: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3336:. Archived from 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3181:Kosar, Kevin R. 3178: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3134:Kosar, Kevin R. 3131: 3125: 3124: 3117:Kosar, Kevin R. 3114: 3108: 3107: 3100:Kosar, Kevin R. 3097: 3091: 3090: 3083:Kosar, Kevin R. 3080: 3074: 3073: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3050:Kosar, Kevin R. 3047: 3041: 3040: 3033:Kosar, Kevin R. 3030: 3024: 3023: 3016:Kosar, Kevin R. 3013: 3007: 3006: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2899:. Archived from 2893: 2884: 2883: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2792: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2736: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2692: 2675: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2649: 2641: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2614:. Archived from 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2533: 2522: 2521: 2509: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2376:. Archived from 2365: 2320: 2315: 2314: 2284:Chill filtration 2165:diethyl acetal ( 2083:" and esters of 2061:carboxylic acids 1925:Taiwanese whisky 1763:, single grain, 1651:Buckwheat whisky 1626:alcohol monopoly 1383:straight whiskey 1341:Rye malt whiskey 1279:American whiskey 964:spirits receiver 958:distilled spirit 944:distiller's beer 787: 776: 775: 507:Early distilling 371: 366: 356: 351: 347: 339: 325: 297: 291: 285: 279: 272:Classical Gaelic 124:American whiskey 80: 49: 42: 21: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7482: 7451:Crème de cassis 7446:Crème de banane 7432:Various fruits 7301:Crème de menthe 7062:Crème de Noyaux 7045: 7023: 6865: 6849:Canadian whisky 6823:Kaoliang liquor 6729:Bourbon whiskey 6694:Japanese whisky 6674: 6643:Marillenschnaps 6619:Various fruits 6447: 6425: 6254:Agave americana 6242: 6016: 5971:Various fruits 5776: 5754: 5662: 5631:History of wine 5626:History of beer 5605: 5594: 5589: 5559: 5554: 5488: 5457: 5411:Chill filtering 5394: 5299: 5280:Bottled in bond 5263: 5256: 5249: 5243: 5183: 5178: 5109: 5104: 5098: 5085: 5079: 5066: 5060: 5047: 5043: 5041:Further reading 5038: 5037: 5027: 5025: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4918:. p. 383. 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4789: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4753: 4745:. p. 936. 4734: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4633: 4631: 4624:The Independent 4617: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4586: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4542:on 30 July 2013 4534: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4516:on 2 April 2012 4508: 4507: 4503: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4318:on 28 May 2008. 4305: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4176: 4175: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4076: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3942: 3921: 3920: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3848:on 20 July 2011 3840: 3839: 3835: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3643: 3642: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3472:Chicago Tribune 3465: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3447:on 15 July 2011 3439: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3180: 3179: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3003: 2995:. p. 144. 2986: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2919:The Spruce Eats 2913: 2912: 2908: 2895: 2894: 2887: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2694: 2693: 2678: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2606:Zandona, Eric. 2605: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2580:Zandona, Eric. 2579: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2535: 2534: 2525: 2511: 2510: 2501: 2493: 2489: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2374:Whisky Magazine 2367: 2366: 2359: 2354: 2316: 2309: 2306: 2294:unchillfiltered 2286: 2270:Canadian whisky 2266: 2239:Bourbon whiskey 2197: 2121: 2105: 2037: 2032: 2015:, Netherlands. 1992: 1971: 1965: 1946:Whisky Magazine 1927: 1921: 1912:Mackmyra Whisky 1908:Skeppets whisky 1904: 1833: 1819: 1810: 1804: 1787: 1785:Japanese whisky 1781: 1765:blended whiskey 1740: 1726: 1698:neutral spirits 1690: 1684: 1675: 1669: 1643: 1637: 1622: 1616: 1588: 1582: 1556:Stauning Whisky 1541: 1500: 1498:Canadian whisky 1486: 1474: 1468: 1456:bourbon whiskey 1393:Blended whiskey 1303:Bourbon whiskey 1281: 1275: 1270: 1259:(also known as 1247:(also known as 1237:neutral spirits 1151: 1123: 1111: 1105:by distillers. 1078:bourbon whiskey 1015: 952: 908: 873: 865: 844: 820: 808: 807: 806: 805: 790: 789: 788: 779: 778: 777: 764: 757: 744: 672: 621: 578:Exchequer Rolls 560: 509: 504: 478: 394: 349: 340:, which became 300:Scottish Gaelic 256: 168: 149:Japanese whisky 134:Canadian whisky 129:Bourbon whiskey 75: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7534: 7532: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7508: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7470: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7370: 7369: 7368: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7270: 7269: 7268: 7263: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7248: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7175:Chili peppers 7173: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7164:Cherry Heering 7158: 7157: 7156: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7074: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7059: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7040: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6962:Seco Herrerano 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6813: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6774:Mixiang Baijiu 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6703: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6550: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6459: 6457: 6449: 6448: 6446:by ingredients 6442: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6328: 6327: 6326: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6298: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6210: 6209: 6208: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5959: 5958: 5957: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5824: 5823: 5822: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5788: 5786: 5778: 5777: 5775:by ingredients 5771: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5681: 5676: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5628: 5623: 5617: 5615: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5565: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5545:Whisky tasting 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5463: 5462:Whisky tourism 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5443:Master blender 5440: 5439: 5438: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5133: 5122: 5108: 5107:External links 5105: 5103: 5102: 5096: 5083: 5077: 5064: 5058: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5022:Whiskey Basics 5009: 4983: 4976: 4956: 4931: 4924: 4911:Food Chemistry 4900: 4874: 4867: 4847: 4821: 4814: 4794: 4787: 4758: 4751: 4738:Food Chemistry 4727: 4720: 4700: 4675: 4662: 4641: 4610: 4579: 4553: 4527: 4501: 4487: 4473: 4447: 4425: 4393: 4382:on 3 July 2010 4367: 4346: 4339: 4321: 4298: 4272: 4246: 4221: 4195: 4166: 4144: 4141:on 5 May 2010. 4126: 4107: 4086: 4061: 4035: 4007: 3996:on 1 June 2008 3973: 3947: 3940: 3911: 3885: 3859: 3833: 3812: 3787: 3762: 3740: 3714: 3684: 3662: 3631: 3605: 3583: 3558: 3547:. Sice.oas.org 3536: 3510: 3484: 3458: 3432: 3402: 3395: 3377: 3351: 3324: 3302: 3280: 3258: 3233: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3166: 3143: 3126: 3109: 3092: 3075: 3059: 3042: 3025: 3008: 3001: 2979: 2953: 2931: 2906: 2885: 2868: 2851: 2820: 2808: 2780: 2769:. 27 July 2020 2754: 2747: 2721: 2707: 2676: 2660: 2629: 2598: 2572: 2566:978-0983638940 2565: 2547: 2523: 2499: 2487: 2470: 2443: 2417: 2391: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2305: 2302: 2290:chill filtered 2285: 2282: 2265: 2262: 2196: 2193: 2120: 2117: 2104: 2101: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 1991: 1988: 1967:Main article: 1964: 1961: 1953:in his guide, 1923:Main article: 1920: 1917: 1903: 1900: 1829:Main article: 1818: 1815: 1808:Mexican whisky 1806:Main article: 1803: 1800: 1783:Main article: 1780: 1777: 1736:Main article: 1725: 1722: 1686:Main article: 1683: 1680: 1671:Main article: 1668: 1665: 1639:Main article: 1636: 1633: 1620:Finnish whisky 1618:Main article: 1615: 1612: 1586:English whisky 1584:Main article: 1581: 1578: 1540: 1537: 1496:Main article: 1485: 1482: 1470:Main article: 1467: 1464: 1417: 1416: 1413:Spirit whiskey 1410: 1400: 1354: 1353: 1344: 1338: 1329: 1320: 1314: 1277:Main article: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1252: 1240: 1231:Blended whisky 1227: 1218: 1198: 1197: 1191: 1150: 1147: 1122: 1119: 1110: 1107: 1074:syringaldehyde 1014: 1011: 951: 948: 930:carbon dioxide 907: 904: 872: 869: 864: 861: 843: 840: 819: 816: 792: 791: 782: 781: 780: 762: 761: 760: 759: 758: 756: 753: 743: 740: 717:blended whisky 696:summer capital 671: 668: 620: 617: 559: 556: 508: 505: 503: 500: 477: 474: 393: 390: 306:with Germanic 255: 252: 170: 169: 167: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 139:English whisky 136: 131: 126: 120: 118: 114: 113: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 91: 85: 84: 81: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 58: 54: 53: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7533: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7386:Grand Marnier 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7246:Cream liqueur 7244: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6699:Scotch whisky 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6689:Irish whiskey 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6477:Cashew apple 6476: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6436: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6389:Fermented tea 6387: 6386: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6171:Shaoxing wine 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961:Prickly pear 5960: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5765: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5581: 5579: 5574: 5572: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5453:Whiskey thief 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5406:Cask strength 5404: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5285:Single barrel 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5258:Liquor portal 5253: 5248: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5175: 5170: 5168: 5163: 5161: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5146:at Wiktionary 5145: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 4998: 4994: 4987: 4984: 4979: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4960: 4957: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4904: 4901: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4870: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4851: 4848: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4822: 4817: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4798: 4795: 4790: 4788:9781475752168 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4731: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4713: 4712: 4704: 4701: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4651: 4645: 4642: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4611: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4483: 4477: 4474: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4410: 4403: 4397: 4394: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4356: 4350: 4347: 4342: 4336: 4332: 4325: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4299: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4247: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4196: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4155: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4108: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4087: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4036: 4023: 4022: 4017: 4011: 4008: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3977: 3974: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3873: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3816: 3813: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3728: 3726: 3718: 3715: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3559: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3525: 3521: 3514: 3511: 3499: 3495: 3488: 3485: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3459: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3378: 3365: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3325: 3313: 3306: 3303: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3269: 3262: 3259: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3186: 3185: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3154: 3153:"Whiskey 101" 3147: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3130: 3127: 3122: 3121: 3113: 3110: 3105: 3104: 3096: 3093: 3088: 3087: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3070: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3054: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3012: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2994: 2993:O'Brien press 2990: 2983: 2980: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2954: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2872: 2869: 2864: 2863: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2797: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2750: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2734: 2725: 2722: 2710: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2674:, p. 376-389. 2673: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2599: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2488: 2483: 2482: 2474: 2471: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2406: 2402: 2395: 2392: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2318:Liquor portal 2313: 2308: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2201: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2176:The diketone 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135:, are mildly 2134: 2130: 2126: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1831:Scotch whisky 1823: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1786: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1739: 1738:Irish whiskey 1730: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1688:Indian whisky 1681: 1679: 1674: 1673:German whisky 1666: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1641:French whisky 1634: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1587: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:Canadian Club 1514: 1509: 1506: 1499: 1490: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1473: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1429:George Dickel 1426: 1425:Jack Daniel's 1422: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1403:Light whiskey 1401: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1352: 1348: 1347:Wheat whiskey 1345: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1285: 1280: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1261:single barrel 1258: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1244:Cask strength 1241: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1189:malted barley 1186: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1132:Isle of Islay 1129: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1102:angel's share 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070:vanillic acid 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046:concentration 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1003: 999: 995: 994:Column stills 991: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 965: 960: 959: 949: 947: 945: 941: 940: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 918: 913: 905: 903: 901: 897: 896: 891: 890: 885: 881: 878: 870: 868: 862: 860: 858: 854: 850: 841: 839: 838:the grains. 837: 833: 829: 825: 817: 815: 813: 804: 800: 796: 786: 754: 752: 749: 741: 739: 737: 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 711:patented the 710: 709:Aeneas Coffey 705: 702: 700: 697: 693: 689: 681: 680:Erskine Nicol 676: 669: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 625:Acts of Union 623:In 1707, the 618: 616: 614: 607: 606:County Antrim 603: 599: 595: 593: 589: 585: 583: 579: 575: 574: 569: 565: 557: 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 533: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 506: 501: 499: 497: 493: 492: 491:Scotch whisky 487: 483: 475: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 450:George Dickel 447: 443: 438: 434: 433:United States 430: 427:is common in 426: 423:The spelling 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 391: 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 346: 345: 338: 333: 329: 324: 323: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 290: 284: 278: 273: 269: 268:anglicisation 265: 261: 253: 251: 249: 245: 240: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 191: 188: 184: 181:is a type of 180: 176: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 154:Scotch whisky 152: 150: 147: 145: 144:Irish whiskey 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 121: 119: 115: 111: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93:80 and higher 92: 90: 86: 82: 78: 73: 69: 65: 62: 59: 55: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 6858: 6734:Corn whiskey 6638:Himbeergeist 6491:Kirschwasser 6253: 5951:Pomegranate 5845:Marsala wine 5840:Madeira wine 5731:Simple syrup 5726:Fermentation 5716:Distillation 5535:Uisce beatha 5212:Grain whisky 5205:Blended malt 5188:Whisky types 5180: 5142: 5087: 5068: 5049: 5026:. Retrieved 5021: 5012: 5000:. Retrieved 4996: 4986: 4966: 4959: 4947:. Retrieved 4943: 4934: 4910: 4903: 4891:. Retrieved 4887:the original 4877: 4857: 4850: 4838:. Retrieved 4834:the original 4824: 4804: 4797: 4770: 4737: 4730: 4710: 4703: 4691:. Retrieved 4687: 4678: 4665: 4653:. Retrieved 4644: 4632:. Retrieved 4628:the original 4623: 4613: 4601:. Retrieved 4597:the original 4592: 4582: 4570:. Retrieved 4566:the original 4556: 4544:. Retrieved 4540:the original 4530: 4520:11 September 4518:. Retrieved 4514:the original 4504: 4490: 4476: 4466:29 September 4464:. Retrieved 4459: 4450: 4438:. Retrieved 4428: 4416:. Retrieved 4409:the original 4396: 4384:. Retrieved 4380:the original 4370: 4358:. Retrieved 4349: 4330: 4324: 4316:the original 4311: 4301: 4289:. Retrieved 4285:the original 4275: 4263:. Retrieved 4259: 4249: 4237:. Retrieved 4233: 4224: 4212:. Retrieved 4208: 4198: 4186:. Retrieved 4181: 4157:. Retrieved 4147: 4139:the original 4129: 4121:The Guardian 4120: 4110: 4099: 4089: 4077:. Retrieved 4073: 4064: 4052:. Retrieved 4048: 4038: 4026:. Retrieved 4019: 4010: 3998:. Retrieved 3994:the original 3987:South Africa 3976: 3964:. Retrieved 3960: 3950: 3925: 3902:. Retrieved 3897: 3888: 3876:. Retrieved 3872:the original 3862: 3850:. Retrieved 3846:the original 3836: 3825: 3815: 3803:. Retrieved 3799: 3790: 3778:. Retrieved 3774: 3765: 3753:. Retrieved 3751:. 1 May 2003 3743: 3731:. Retrieved 3724: 3717: 3705:. Retrieved 3701:the original 3696: 3687: 3675:. Retrieved 3665: 3653:. Retrieved 3649: 3622:. Retrieved 3618:Scotsman.com 3617: 3608: 3596:. Retrieved 3586: 3574:. Retrieved 3570: 3561: 3549:. Retrieved 3539: 3527:. Retrieved 3523: 3513: 3501:. Retrieved 3497: 3487: 3475:. Retrieved 3471: 3461: 3449:. Retrieved 3445:the original 3435: 3423:. Retrieved 3419:the original 3414: 3405: 3386: 3380: 3368:. Retrieved 3342:. Retrieved 3338:the original 3327: 3317:11 September 3315:. Retrieved 3305: 3293:. Retrieved 3283: 3273:11 September 3271:. Retrieved 3261: 3249:. Retrieved 3245: 3236: 3224:. Retrieved 3220: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3183: 3157:. Retrieved 3146: 3136: 3129: 3119: 3112: 3102: 3095: 3085: 3078: 3068: 3062: 3052: 3045: 3035: 3028: 3018: 3011: 2988: 2982: 2970:. Retrieved 2966: 2956: 2944:. Retrieved 2934: 2922:. Retrieved 2918: 2909: 2901:the original 2878: 2871: 2861: 2854: 2837: 2833: 2823: 2799:. Retrieved 2771:. Retrieved 2766: 2757: 2732: 2724: 2712:. Retrieved 2697: 2671: 2668: 2663: 2651:. Retrieved 2620:. Retrieved 2616:the original 2611: 2601: 2589:. Retrieved 2585: 2575: 2556: 2550: 2541: 2517: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2473: 2461:. Retrieved 2455: 2446: 2434:. Retrieved 2429: 2420: 2408:. Retrieved 2404: 2394: 2382:. Retrieved 2378:the original 2373: 2341:On the rocks 2297: 2293: 2287: 2267: 2243: 2225: 2206: 2190: 2175: 2163:acetaldehyde 2157: 2122: 2106: 2073:polyphenolic 2071:, and other 2038: 2017: 2008: 2005:Frysk Hynder 2003: 1993: 1972: 1969:Welsh whisky 1954: 1945: 1928: 1907: 1905: 1872: 1849: 1845: 1834: 1811: 1788: 1773: 1748:column still 1741: 1718: 1691: 1676: 1662: 1659: 1647:Glann ar Mor 1644: 1623: 1589: 1564: 1553: 1549: 1542: 1510: 1501: 1475: 1418: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1372: 1370: 1355: 1323:Malt whiskey 1317:Corn whiskey 1305:: made from 1297: 1293:cereal grain 1290: 1260: 1254: 1249:barrel proof 1248: 1242: 1229: 1220: 1210: 1204: 1199: 1194:Grain whisky 1187:– made from 1179: 1144: 1124: 1112: 1100: 1098: 1026:American oak 1023: 1016: 998:grain whisky 992: 984:distillation 969: 962: 956: 953: 950:Distillation 943: 937: 915: 909: 906:Fermentation 899: 893: 887: 874: 866: 848: 845: 821: 812:fermentation 809: 802: 794: 745: 742:20th century 729: 713:Coffey still 706: 703: 685: 670:19th century 660:Mount Vernon 645: 622: 619:18th century 610: 586: 577: 571: 561: 537: 529: 513:distillation 510: 495: 489: 481: 479: 469: 465: 461: 458:Old Forester 454:Maker's Mark 445: 441: 436: 424: 422: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 395: 385: 384:(1621), and 381: 377: 373: 364:uisge beatha 344:uisce beatha 332:Middle Irish 311: 307: 263: 259: 257: 248:distillation 241: 178: 174: 173: 164:Welsh whisky 36: 7397:Star anise 7291:Bénédictine 7251:Irish cream 6987:Aguardiente 6932:Aguardiente 6804:Rye whiskey 6314:Ginger wine 6031:Barley wine 5995:Mulled wine 5945:Plum jerkum 5915:Lychee wine 5905:Longan wine 5830:Bokbunja-ju 5820:Bignay wine 5810:Banana wine 5805:Banana beer 5679:Bathtub gin 5448:Spirit safe 5290:Small batch 5200:Single malt 5195:Malt whisky 4944:TopWhiskies 4830:"June 2007" 4079:29 December 4054:29 December 3966:29 December 3805:6 September 3780:6 September 3755:29 December 3655:29 December 3624:2 September 3576:29 December 3251:12 November 3226:12 November 2972:29 December 2924:29 December 2773:29 December 2252:tasted and 2209:oak barrels 2085:fatty acids 2075:compounds, 1999:Isle of Man 1995:ManX Spirit 1942:Burns Night 1868:Campbeltown 1761:single malt 1558:, based in 1529:rum runners 1513:Crown Royal 1445:sugar maple 1332:Rye whiskey 1256:Single cask 1211:single-cask 1185:Malt whisky 1142:each year. 1054:colouration 1038:evaporation 801:distillery 799:Glenfiddich 748:Prohibition 746:During the 613:Renaissance 544:monasteries 540:Ramon Llull 521:Mesopotamia 517:Babylonians 337:uisce betha 310:and Slavic 106:Ingredients 7510:Categories 7456:Limoncello 7391:Triple sec 7366:Eau créole 7336:Irish Mist 7321:Bärenjäger 7276:Frangelico 7206:Cloudberry 7185:Chocolate 7169:Maraschino 6715:Buckwheat 6628:Eau de vie 5931:Pineapple 5895:Duhat wine 5891:Java plum 5885:White wine 5743:Winemaking 5667:Production 5540:Viscimetry 5328:Australian 4893:8 December 4840:8 December 4693:6 December 4603:4 December 4546:10 January 4418:17 January 4188:8 November 4159:8 December 3370:17 January 3366:. CBC News 3295:17 January 2840:: 67–100. 2653:17 October 2612:EZdrinking 2586:EZdrinking 2352:References 2235:scopoletin 2129:fusel oils 2063:and their 2053:flavouring 2043:, such as 1951:Jim Murray 1466:Australian 1159:pot stills 1050:filtration 1034:extraction 1030:French oak 1007:azeotropic 755:Production 736:phylloxera 725:pot stills 564:aqua vitae 532:Alexandria 494:or simply 378:usquebaugh 374:uskebeaghe 328:translated 322:aqua vitae 219:in wooden 185:made from 89:Proof (US) 67:Introduced 7441:Cedratine 7406:Sassolino 7376:Cointreau 7296:Brennivín 7272:Hazelnut 7236:Tia Maria 7195:Cinnamon 7179:Pertsivka 7144:Bierlikör 6947:Desi daru 6709:Bierbrand 6603:Tsikoudia 6566:Slivovitz 6466:Applejack 6344:Kabarawan 6320:Galangal 6274:Palm wine 6151:Rice wine 6131:Makgeolli 6066:Oshikundu 5985:Hippocras 5870:Rosé wine 5860:Port wine 5826:Bokbunja 5699:Lautering 5520:Moonshine 5500:Cranachan 5436:Sour mash 5416:Finishing 5385:Taiwanese 5321:Tennessee 5217:Buckwheat 4997:The Verge 4634:26 August 4572:6 October 4360:25 August 3904:7 October 3677:1 January 3221:oec.world 2801:6 January 2701:. BRILL. 2622:3 January 2591:3 January 2125:congeners 2097:pyrazines 2093:picolines 2089:pyridines 2030:Chemistry 2013:Friesland 1997:from the 1919:Taiwanese 1757:Connemara 1596:Liverpool 1521:Seagram's 1366:moonshine 1215:port wine 1109:Packaging 1058:aldehydes 1042:oxidation 988:pot still 934:congeners 900:washbacks 721:pot still 707:In 1831, 666:erupted. 654:operated 641:moonshine 637:excisemen 418:recognise 414:recognize 382:usquebath 258:The word 254:Etymology 225:white oak 187:fermented 7466:Sloe gin 7461:Schnapps 7426:Licor 43 7422:Vanilla 7416:Charanda 7347:Juniper 7326:Drambuie 7261:Advocaat 7217:Coconut 7154:Patxaran 7093:Anisette 7072:Absinthe 7057:Amaretto 7042:Liqueurs 6907:Lambanog 6815:Sorghum 6754:Cheongju 6608:Tsipouro 6552:Juniper 6526:Armagnac 6471:Calvados 6414:Parakari 6394:Kombucha 6294:Tunggang 6269:Bahalina 6236:Huangjiu 6202:Sorghum 6156:Rượu cần 6121:Gwaha-ju 6056:Tesgüino 5980:Dubonnet 5975:Conditum 5965:Colonche 5880:Vermouth 5865:Red wine 5850:Mistelle 5493:See also 5375:Japanese 5333:Canadian 5311:American 5295:Straight 5232:Rye malt 5028:21 March 4916:Springer 4743:Springer 4440:28 April 4291:15 April 4260:VinePair 3878:4 August 3733:15 April 3707:15 April 3598:15 April 3551:15 April 3425:15 March 3246:Statista 2946:15 April 2846:25508737 2304:See also 2278:American 2254:measured 2232:coumarin 2186:brandies 2178:diacetyl 2141:charcoal 2077:terpenes 2057:carbonyl 2035:Overview 1864:Speyside 1852:Highland 1779:Japanese 1753:Unpeated 1702:molasses 1655:Plomelin 1484:Canadian 1448:charcoal 1443:through 1441:filtered 1377:, e.g., 1374:straight 1273:American 1167:Scotland 1130:and the 1128:Speyside 1066:vanillin 1064:such as 884:dextrins 877:diastase 824:starches 803:(bottom) 633:malt tax 582:John Cor 552:smallpox 435:, while 431:and the 388:(1715). 386:usquebae 380:(1610), 376:(1581), 266:) is an 117:Variants 18:Whiskies 7472:Walnut 7436:Campari 7381:Curaçao 7372:Orange 7356:Jenever 7341:Krupnik 7286:Aquavit 7227:Coffee 7199:Tentura 7160:Cherry 7134:Sambuca 7119:Mastika 7103:Hierbas 7077:Anisado 7053:Almond 7002:Horilka 6992:Akvavit 6942:Clairin 6937:Cachaça 6887:Tequila 6764:Lao-Lao 6749:Awamori 6685:Barley 6679:Cereals 6668:Schnaps 6658:Pálinka 6648:Nalewka 6613:Zivania 6546:Zivania 6487:Cherry 6444:Liquors 6310:Ginger 6146:Pangasi 6106:Choujiu 6086:Amazake 6062:Millet 6051:Tejuino 6027:Barley 6021:Cereals 6010:Sangria 5935:Tepache 5911:Lychee 5901:Longan 5816:Bignay 5801:Banana 5694:Malting 5689:Brewery 5684:Brewing 5343:Finnish 5338:English 5316:Bourbon 5275:Blended 4949:11 July 4386:14 July 4214:13 June 3926:Whiskey 3852:22 July 3344:12 June 3159:14 July 2714:29 June 2452:"uisce" 2436:20 July 2410:20 July 2384:20 July 2258:gravity 2248:on the 2223:aroma. 2221:coconut 2217:lactone 2159:Acetals 2133:ethanol 2069:tannins 2026:casks. 2024:Marsala 1930:Kavalan 1902:Swedish 1856:Lowland 1802:Mexican 1792:Suntory 1614:Finnish 1600:Bristol 1580:English 1574:organic 1560:Jutland 1544:Denmark 1525:Wiser's 1505:caramel 1226:whisky. 1157:Copper 1136:tourism 1121:Exports 1082:charred 1002:bourbon 926:alcohol 889:mashtun 871:Mashing 863:Milling 849:kilning 842:Malting 836:mashing 832:milling 828:malting 688:Kasauli 523:in the 502:History 442:whiskey 429:Ireland 425:whiskey 402:whiskey 304:origins 270:of the 264:whiskey 179:whiskey 112:, water 7516:Whisky 7476:Nocino 7401:Pastis 7331:Glayva 7317:Honey 7311:Unicum 7306:Metaxa 7282:Herbs 7266:Eggnog 7242:Cream 7231:Kahlúa 7221:Malibu 7068:Anise 7012:Shōchū 7007:Poitín 6997:Bangla 6977:Tharra 6918:Dairy 6902:Laksoy 6897:Arrack 6882:Mezcal 6859:Whisky 6854:Shōchū 6844:Baijiu 6819:Baijiu 6809:Starka 6779:Shochu 6769:Lihing 6759:Cholai 6725:Maize 6623:Brandy 6588:Grappa 6583:Chacha 6578:Pomace 6536:Cognac 6531:Brandy 6517:Grape 6511:Boukha 6497:Dates 6462:Apple 6419:Ibwatu 6409:Chicha 6355:Sugar 6330:Honey 6300:Dairy 6259:Pulque 6206:Pendhā 6126:Hariya 6116:Dansul 6096:Beopju 6071:Tongba 6000:Nabidh 5875:Sherry 5836:Grape 5791:Apple 5525:Poitín 5380:Scotch 5358:Indian 5353:German 5348:French 5181:Whisky 5143:whisky 5130:Whisky 5119:Whisky 5094: 5075: 5056: 5002:24 May 4974: 4922: 4865: 4812: 4785: 4749: 4718: 4655:19 May 4337: 4265:9 June 4239:9 June 4028:12 May 4000:14 May 3938: 3934:–265. 3529:9 July 3503:9 July 3477:6 June 3451:9 July 3393: 2999: 2844: 2745: 2705: 2669:Osiris 2563: 2463:24 May 2346:Poitín 2182:vodkas 2171:sherry 2145:gravel 2065:esters 2045:cognac 2020:Glurns 1934:Taiwan 1894:, and 1892:Orkney 1817:Scotch 1682:Indian 1667:German 1635:French 1598:, and 1592:London 1539:Danish 1523:, and 1435:, and 1327:barley 1094:sherry 1072:, and 1052:, and 980:sulfur 976:copper 932:, and 880:enzyme 732:brandy 699:Shimla 592:Dundee 496:Scotch 482:whisky 476:Scotch 470:whisky 462:whisky 456:, and 446:whisky 437:whisky 410:colour 398:whisky 260:whisky 244:spirit 237:sherry 211:, and 201:barley 197:malted 183:liquor 175:Whisky 98:Colour 79: 40:Whisky 7211:Lakka 7140:Beer 7017:Vodka 6967:Sulai 6952:Guaro 6922:Arkhi 6912:Sotol 6877:Agave 6870:Other 6789:Sulai 6745:Rice 6705:Beer 6663:Rakia 6633:Geist 6598:Orujo 6571:Țuică 6562:Plum 6541:Pisco 6501:Araqi 6456:Fruit 6404:Cauim 6379:Palek 6374:Intus 6359:Kilju 6339:Byais 6324:Byais 6304:Kumis 6289:Tuhak 6247:Other 6196:Kvass 6186:Tapuy 6181:Tapai 6176:Sonti 6141:Mirin 6136:Mijiu 6111:Chuak 6081:Agkud 6077:Rice 6046:Pozol 6041:Mageu 6037:Corn 6005:Pruno 5990:Jabol 5955:Rimon 5941:Plum 5925:Perry 5921:Pear 5795:Cider 5785:Fruit 5709:Yeast 5530:Skalk 5390:Welsh 5363:Irish 5237:Wheat 4412:(PDF) 4405:(PDF) 3697:Dr.dk 2842:JSTOR 2648:(PDF) 2405:Punch 2246:orbit 2153:linen 2151:, or 2137:toxic 1990:Other 1963:Welsh 1938:Leith 1880:Arran 1860:Islay 1796:Nikka 1724:Irish 1714:Amrut 1694:India 1460:NAFTA 1362:proof 1351:wheat 1311:maize 1217:cask. 1149:Types 1062:acids 972:still 912:yeast 795:(top) 692:Solan 548:colic 412:; or 406:color 359:Irish 357:) in 330:into 316:Latin 308:water 295:uisge 289:uisce 283:uisge 277:uisce 274:word 221:casks 213:wheat 190:grain 7495:List 7257:Egg 7129:Rakı 7124:Ouzo 7098:Arak 6972:Sura 6799:Korn 6795:Rye 6784:Soju 6653:Oghi 6593:Marc 6521:Arak 6507:Fig 6481:Feni 6385:Tea 6369:Basi 6349:Mead 6334:Bais 6284:Tubâ 6279:Tuak 6231:Boza 6226:Beer 6192:Rye 6166:Sato 6161:Sake 6101:Brem 5704:Wort 5431:Mash 5222:Corn 5092:ISBN 5073:ISBN 5054:ISBN 5030:2013 5004:2016 4972:ISBN 4951:2022 4920:ISBN 4895:2007 4863:ISBN 4842:2007 4810:ISBN 4783:ISBN 4747:ISBN 4716:ISBN 4695:2018 4657:2009 4636:2009 4605:2016 4574:2014 4548:2014 4522:2011 4468:2020 4442:2019 4420:2019 4388:2010 4362:2007 4335:ISBN 4293:2013 4267:2020 4241:2020 4234:Time 4216:2019 4190:2013 4161:2018 4081:2022 4056:2022 4030:2014 4002:2014 3968:2022 3936:ISBN 3906:2022 3880:2017 3854:2009 3807:2024 3782:2024 3757:2022 3735:2013 3725:B.T. 3709:2013 3679:2013 3657:2022 3626:2012 3600:2013 3578:2022 3553:2013 3531:2017 3505:2017 3479:2019 3453:2017 3427:2023 3391:ISBN 3372:2014 3346:2013 3319:2023 3297:2014 3275:2023 3253:2023 3228:2023 3161:2017 2997:ISBN 2974:2022 2967:mint 2948:2013 2926:2022 2803:2010 2775:2022 2743:ISBN 2716:2010 2703:ISBN 2655:2008 2624:2015 2593:2015 2561:ISBN 2465:2024 2438:2022 2412:2022 2386:2022 2149:sand 2127:and 2113:malt 2109:peat 2095:and 2047:and 1896:Skye 1888:Mull 1884:Jura 1866:and 1794:and 1767:and 1629:Alko 1307:mash 1086:port 1060:and 1028:and 1019:cask 939:wash 895:wort 857:peat 853:malt 834:and 550:and 416:and 408:and 400:and 361:and 312:voda 280:(or 262:(or 229:port 217:aged 205:corn 193:mash 110:Malt 57:Type 7351:Gin 6957:Rum 6834:Ara 6556:Gin 6221:Ara 6216:Ale 6091:Apo 5227:Rye 4775:doi 3932:254 2838:108 2296:or 2049:rum 1706:rum 1570:Fyn 1336:rye 1165:in 1161:at 1140:GVA 1115:abv 1092:or 1090:rum 942:or 658:at 519:in 334:as 318:as 298:in 235:or 233:rum 209:rye 177:or 7512:: 5020:. 4995:. 4942:. 4914:. 4781:. 4761:^ 4741:. 4686:. 4622:. 4591:. 4458:. 4310:. 4258:. 4232:. 4207:. 4180:. 4169:^ 4119:. 4098:. 4072:. 4047:. 4018:. 3985:. 3959:. 3914:^ 3896:. 3824:. 3798:. 3773:. 3648:. 3634:^ 3616:. 3569:. 3522:. 3496:. 3470:. 3413:. 3354:^ 3244:. 3219:. 3169:^ 2991:. 2965:. 2917:. 2888:^ 2836:. 2832:. 2811:^ 2783:^ 2765:. 2741:. 2739:14 2679:^ 2672:12 2632:^ 2610:. 2584:. 2540:. 2526:^ 2516:. 2502:^ 2454:. 2428:. 2403:. 2372:. 2360:^ 2241:. 2188:. 2147:, 2143:, 2115:. 2091:, 1898:. 1890:, 1886:, 1882:, 1878:: 1862:, 1858:, 1854:, 1771:. 1594:, 1562:. 1535:. 1519:, 1515:, 1431:, 1427:, 1368:. 1088:, 1068:, 1048:, 1044:, 1040:, 1036:, 970:A 928:, 914:, 830:, 650:; 604:, 554:. 452:, 231:, 207:, 203:, 6825:) 6821:( 5584:e 5577:t 5570:v 5173:e 5166:t 5159:v 5100:. 5081:. 5062:. 5032:. 5006:. 4980:. 4953:. 4928:. 4897:. 4871:. 4844:. 4818:. 4791:. 4777:: 4755:. 4724:. 4697:. 4659:. 4638:. 4607:. 4576:. 4550:. 4524:. 4484:. 4470:. 4444:. 4422:. 4390:. 4364:. 4343:. 4295:. 4269:. 4243:. 4218:. 4192:. 4163:. 4123:. 4104:. 4083:. 4058:. 4032:. 4004:. 3970:. 3944:. 3908:. 3882:. 3856:. 3830:. 3809:. 3784:. 3759:. 3737:. 3723:" 3711:. 3681:. 3659:. 3628:. 3602:. 3580:. 3555:. 3533:. 3507:. 3481:. 3455:. 3429:. 3399:. 3374:. 3348:. 3321:. 3299:. 3277:. 3255:. 3230:. 3163:. 3005:. 2976:. 2950:. 2928:. 2848:. 2805:. 2777:. 2751:. 2718:. 2657:. 2626:. 2595:. 2569:. 2544:. 2520:. 2467:. 2440:. 2414:. 2388:. 1239:. 682:. 348:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index