2463:
2452:
5838:
2037:
1570:
7953:
5831:
4335:
5160:
5146:
109:
7405:
1191:
6626:
7391:
1520:
5139:
7398:
2017:
4341:
5845:
1833:
132:
5153:
1764:
2315:
1550:
7966:
6644:
804:
694:
359:
1990:
1482:
1424:
6632:
495:
6651:
1460:
7960:
1310:
7385:
1855:
1368:
1961:
1339:
6639:
1932:
1900:
1278:
684:
had four premaxillary teeth and fifteen maxillary teeth. The premaxillary teeth are characteristically d-shaped in cross-section and serrated, like most other tyrannosauroids. However, the maxillary teeth differ from more derived tyrannosauroids in being lateromedially narrow and more blade-like.
514:
estimated that it only weighed about 200 kilograms (440 lb). The holotype is believed to have been completely or almost completely, fully-grown due to the observed closure of the neurocentral sutures. Its estimated size is much greater than earlier tyrannosauroids such as
1202:
Their results recovered a relatively unique topology which contradicts the analyses of
Brusatte and colleagues (2010) and that of Carr and colleagues (2010), which were the most up-to-date analyses before their own publication. Loewen and colleagues recovered
2384:
The Xiagou
Formation is the second-youngest formation of the Xinminbu Group, and is stratigraphically positioned between the older Chinjinpu Formation and the younger Zhonggou Formation, all of which are located in the Yujingzi Basin of western
3641:
Suarez, Marina B.; Milder, Timothy; Peng, Nan; Suarez, Celina A.; You, Hailu; Li, Daqing; Dodson, Peter (2018-12-13). "Chemostratigraphy of the Lower
Cretaceous dinosaur-bearing Xiagou and Zhonggou formations, Yujingzi Basin, northwest China".
933:"; however, the unambiguous synapomorphies for this clade which they recover are exclusively related to the post-cranial skeleton. A summary of Li and colleagues' phylogenetic analysis, including the clades they recovered, can be seen below.
929:. They recover several more synapomorphies for each of these clades, but these are more weakly supported than the unambiguous synapomorphies listed above. This clade has been subsequently recovered by Delcourt and Grillo and was named "
1687:. The analysis they conduct in their publication included 83 taxa and over 1,100 morphological characters, and it resulted in several novel hypotheses. The one which receives the most discussion in their conclusion is the placement of
2367:
are believed to have been mid-sized predators in their ecosystem, but no large carnivorous theropods have yet been found in the same area, which may indicate that there was an evolutionary transition going on during the late
761:. The dorsal vertebrae have widely expanded neural arches that completely overlay the centra when viewed from above, although this is not true of the cervical vertebrae, which more closely resemble the neural arches seen in
3569:
You, Hai-lu; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Harris, Jerald D.; Chiappe, Luis M.; O'Connor, Jingmai; Ji, Shu-an; Lü, Jun-chang; Yuan, Chong-xi; Li; Zhang, Xing; Lacovara, Kenneth J.; Dodson, Peter and Ji, Qiang, Da-qing (2006).
913:
which flares outward, a basisphenoid bone that is wider than it is long, and lateral processes on the axial neural spines. This clade is not specifically mentioned or named by authors of any subsequent analyses.
2298:, meaning that some tyrannosauroids had likely migrated to North America prior to 108 million years ago. Other researchers believe that tyrannosauroids already possessed a global distribution by the
854:
within tyrannosauroidea that had yet to be formally named at the time of its description. The first of these ("clade 1" on the diagram) was a clade which included all tyrannosauroids except for
2850:
Where: Gansu, China (40.5° N, 98.1° E: paleocoordinates 40.0° N, 98.6° E); When: Upper Member (Xiagou
Formation), Aptian (125.0 - 113.0 Ma); Saurischia - Xiongguanlong baimoensis n. gen. n. sp.
559:
teeth, and lateral processes in the axial neural spines. It is also distinguished from later tyrannosauroids by the lack of rugosities on the nasal bone and a lack of pneumatic elements of the
790:
was also found with the rest of the skeleton, although its comparatively small size led Li and colleagues to conclude that it was probably not from the same animal as the rest of the bones.
2357:
It was almost certainly an obligate carnivore, like all other known tyrannosauroids. However, it did not possess the adaptations for strong bite forces that are characteristic of derived
2511:
mostly preserve large vertebrates. There is a major exception to this trend, which are birds. There are numerous well-preserved bird fossils in the
Mazongshan biota, most of which are
603:
in a mineralized nodule which led to difficulty in differentiating the bone from the matrix in which it was preserved. This led to difficulty in determining the overall topology of the
767:. The height of the neural spines increases posteriorly, although the exact height of the posterior dorsal vertebrae is not known because the vertebrae were more badly damaged during
427:
was given the designation FRDC-GS JB16-2-1 and was deposited at the Fossil
Research and Development Center of the Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geo-Exploration and Mineral Development in
1179:. They conducted a phylogenetic analysis using a data set of 54 taxa (including 26 tyrannosauroid taxa) and over 300 scored characters to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of
3527:"Theropod guild structure and the tyrannosaurid niche assimilation hypothesis: Implications for predatory dinosaur macroecology and ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica"
739:
are strongly co-ossified with the neural arches, and the centra are concave in anterior direction and convex in the posterior direction. They also possess a pair of pneumatic
944:
and colleagues (2012), Brusatte and colleagues (2016), Brusatte and Carr (2016), and
Delcourt and Grillo (2018), Zanno and colleagues (2019), and Wolfe and colleagues (2019).
2462:
3627:
2561:, which was found at the same locality, and some museum mounts depict a predator-prey relationship between these animals. Other contemporaneous animals included the
1695:. Naish and Cau suggest that the uniqueness of this analysis is an artifact of the lack of extensive sampling of megaraptorans in previous analyses. They recovered
3684:
A. M. Murray, H. L. You, and C. Peng. 2010. A New
Cretaceous Osteoglossomorph Fish from Gansu Province, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(2):322-332
626:. The nasal also exhibits the advanced feature of lacking the pneumatic elements on the lateral sides of the nasal, which is seen in less-derived genera like
8071:
8017:
3485:"On the earliest record of Cretaceous tyrannosauroids in western North America: Implications for an Early Cretaceous Laurasian interchange event"
350:
of the
Mandarin word for "white ghost" in reference to one of the geological features of the type locality (nicknamed the "White Ghost Castle").
5837:
3416:
Wolfe, D.G.; McDonald, A.T.; Kirkland, J.I.; Turner, A.H.; Smith, N.D.; Brusatte, S.L.; Loewen, M.A.; Denton, R.K.; Nesbitt, S.J. (6 May 2019).
870:. However, in their analysis, the synapomorphies recovered for this clade are primarily related to features of the hip bones (specifically the
8081:
5830:
7952:
3797:
2451:
2925:"New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs"
2123:
has been relatively obscure since the group's naming in the early 20th-century. There are several basal taxa which are known from the
8096:
8086:
3092:
2430:
to travel across areas without geographical barriers. Some fossilized waterbirds have been preserved with the soft-tissues of their
3769:
5159:
866:
bar. This clade was also recovered by Rafael
Delcourt and Orlando Nelson Grillo in their phylogenetic study of tyrannosauroids in
6625:
510:
based on the work of P. Christiansen and R.A. Fariña to estimate its mass at approximately 270 kilograms (600 lb). However,
3699:"Previously Unrecognized Ornithuromorph Bird Diversity in the Early Cretaceous Changma Basin, Gansu Province, Northwestern China"
2659:
5145:
925:
was excluded from it, by the following synapomorphies: rugosities on the top of the nasal bone and subcondylar recesses in the
7390:
4334:
2835:
893:
as belonging to a slightly more derived clade ("clade 2" on the diagram) which includes taxa that are more closely related to
8091:
2639:
1684:
867:
5138:
7404:
4340:
3242:
Xu, Xing; Wang, Kebai; Zhang, Ke; Ma, Qingyu; Xing, Lida; Sullivan, Corwin; Hu, Dongyu; Cheng, Shuqing; Wang, Shuo (2012).
7831:
6643:
2225:
There are multiple theories regarding the biogeography of tyrannosauroids during the middle Cretaceous. The landmass of
5844:
3362:
Zanno, Lindsay E.; Tucker, Ryan T.; Canoville, Aurore; Avrahami, Haviv M.; Gates, Terry A.; Makovicky, Peter J. (2019).
858:. This clade was diagnosed by the following synapomorphies: hourglass-shaped nasal bones, an enlarged foramen on the
657:
is also large and has expanded lateral condyles, which are suggested to be related to the jaw musculature as well. The
131:
2036:
1569:
7397:
5152:
2270:. This is corroborated by the emergence of animals in North America with an apparent recent Asian ancestry including
653:
are fused and possess a short and concave sagittal crest, which served as attachment sites for the bite muscles. The
527:, which led the authors to suggest that body size increase in tyrannosauroids was a continuous process throughout the
7965:
543:
of the genus given by the authors in its description include the following: a very elongate pre-orbital region, a
6650:
883:
531:. Although most of the legs and tail are not preserved, it is believed to have had body proportions similar to
3885:
941:
6631:
7959:
3445:
909:. They diagnose this clade using the following synapomorphies: a medial ridge on the premaxillary teeth, a
3790:
3364:"Diminutive fleet-footed tyrannosauroid narrows the 70-million-year gap in the North American fossil record"
2867:
Makovicky, Peter J.; Li, Daqing; Gao, Ke-Qin; Lewin, Matthew; Erickson, Gregory M.; Norell, Mark A. (2010).
2654:
2644:
7985:
3417:
3126:
2417:
2237:
was much more narrow. There were also tyrannosauroids known from the Early Cretaceous of Europe, such as
662:
108:
8076:
8043:
6356:
6268:
3621:
3181:
Loewen, M.A.; Irmis, R.B.; Sertich, J.J.W.; Currie, P. J.; Sampson, S. D. (2013). Evans, David C (ed.).
347:
2306:
is too poor to make any concrete inferences as to the nature of tyrannosauroid evolution or dispersal.
7384:
3418:"A mid-Cretaceous tyrannosauroid and the origin of North American end-Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages"
3127:"Tyrannosauroids from the Southern Hemisphere: Implications for biogeography, evolution, and taxonomy"
1190:
782:. The femur is also very similar to derived tyrannosauroids regarding the location and extent of the
8101:
7917:
6045:
6013:
3710:
3585:
3315:
3255:
3196:
3138:
2936:
2695:
467:
466:
In its initial description, and in numerous publications since, it has been remarked as a noteworthy
448:
256:
3484:
1519:
1245:
according to the definition given by Delcourt and Grillo (the least-inclusive clade containing both
6369:
6156:
3045:
507:
6638:
2016:
7824:
6345:
6205:
6061:
6001:
5436:
5346:
5229:
4093:
3783:
3667:
3609:
3504:
3458:
3279:
3154:
3065:
2923:
Brusatte, Stephen L.; Averianov, Alexander; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Muir, Amy; Butler, Ian B. (2016).
2715:
2291:
910:
406:
331:
126:
8048:
2266:
had already formed by this time, which would have enabled the migration of animals from Asia to
1699:
as the sister-taxon of the "megaraptora + eutyrannosauria clade", although they do not list any
1832:
8030:
7706:
7623:
7597:
7436:
7423:
7301:
6859:
6811:
5643:
4993:
4072:
3738:
3659:
3601:
3576:
3450:
3393:
3341:
3271:
3224:
3088:
3026:
2964:
2898:
2811:
2602:
is also present in the area. Enantiornithine birds were abundant and included genera such as
2526:
were the most abundant, and account for the greatest number of fossils. There are also basal
1895:
1763:
1711:. An abbreviated version of the strict consensus tree from their analysis can be seen below.
1304:
1273:
921:
and includes all taxa more closely related to tyrannosauridae. This clade was diagnosed, and
783:
736:
709:
528:
471:
432:
8035:
420:, but subsequent authors have constrained the upper member to the Aptian stage specifically.
7810:
7567:
7477:
7266:
7198:
7061:
6980:
6952:
6912:
6793:
6763:
6281:
6034:
5898:
5755:
5655:
5504:
5411:
5369:
4936:
4246:
3728:
3718:
3651:
3593:
3546:
3538:
3496:
3440:
3432:
3383:
3375:
3331:
3323:
3263:
3214:
3204:
3146:
3057:
3016:
3006:
2954:
2944:
2888:
2880:
2801:
2793:
2707:
2508:
2394:
2339:
2314:
2230:
2146:
1912:
1719:
1666:
1549:
1514:
1290:
1260:
1160:
1156:
1081:
957:
879:
863:
855:
820:
779:
697:
658:
611:. However, numerous distinctive features are evident in spite of the preservation quality.
596:
370:
309:
231:
215:
30:
917:
They also recover a third, more exclusive clade ("clade 3" on the diagram), which excludes
7873:
7611:
7574:
7506:
7361:
7354:
7182:
7124:
7097:
7087:
7047:
6882:
6741:
6725:
6543:
6515:
6493:
6380:
6225:
5932:
5706:
5589:
5567:
5488:
5317:
5294:
5287:
5265:
5251:
5244:
5205:
5056:
4903:
4830:
4819:
4755:
4643:
4530:
4107:
4016:
3870:
3845:
2598:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2516:
2512:
2484:
2141:
2124:
2120:
2031:
1989:
1692:
1564:
1481:
1423:
1404:
1242:
1097:
989:
930:
894:
803:
725:
713:
693:
646:
642:
584:
511:
483:
479:
475:
456:
436:
417:
390:
374:
358:
431:, China. It consists of a complete skull (lacking the lower jaws), a complete series of
3759:
3714:
3589:
3319:
3259:
3200:
3142:
2940:
2780:
Li, Daqing; Norell, Mark A.; Gao, Ke-Qin; Smith, Nathan D.; Makovicky, Peter J. (2009).
2522:
The most numerous remains found in the region are non-avian dinosaurs. Of these, small
7838:
7801:
7782:
7744:
7733:
7530:
7243:
7209:
7191:
7171:
7068:
6782:
6527:
6389:
6216:
6198:
6026:
5993:
5979:
5940:
5714:
5575:
5532:
5525:
5447:
5423:
5376:
5335:
5272:
5258:
4986:
4971:
4798:
4632:
4496:
4464:
4453:
4430:
4392:
4253:
4223:
4147:
4086:
3985:
3733:
3698:
3526:
3388:
3363:
3336:
3303:
3219:
3182:
3021:
2990:
2959:
2924:
2893:
2868:
2806:
2781:
2649:
2594:
2397:, it was a much less arid environment, and it was probably on or near the coast of the
2358:
2234:
2196:
2171:
1700:
1205:
828:
751:
677:
623:
540:
339:
323:
302:
1459:
1215:
as being just outside that family. They further suggest that the controversial genus
494:
8065:
7880:
7726:
7687:
7666:
7545:
7538:
7465:
7259:
7232:
7106:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6930:
6847:
6710:
6682:
6669:
6593:
6470:
6310:
6144:
6075:
5961:
5948:
5693:
5671:
5664:
5628:
5601:
5553:
5477:
5213:
5004:
4978:
4894:
4875:
4868:
4805:
4784:
4763:
4748:
4734:
4693:
4659:
4652:
4571:
4423:
4310:
4303:
4230:
4200:
4189:
4079:
4050:
4043:
3969:
3671:
3508:
3462:
3158:
2719:
2626:
2542:
2435:
2363:
2299:
2244:
2218:
2190:
2184:
2179:
1827:
1757:
1453:
1231:
1175:
1164:
859:
768:
757:
745:
654:
650:
600:
592:
560:
452:
66:
3613:
3283:
3069:
1309:
599:. Despite being relatively complete, the skull is not very well-preserved. It was
409:. In their original description, the authors hypothesize that it is from either the
7852:
7790:
7760:
7680:
7673:
7651:
7643:
7523:
7515:
7495:
7218:
7137:
7075:
6966:
6937:
6889:
6718:
6703:
6478:
6410:
6338:
6317:
6296:
6112:
6068:
5876:
5863:
5793:
5746:
5621:
5511:
5463:
5456:
5393:
5362:
5355:
5236:
5063:
4915:
4812:
4714:
4707:
4602:
4586:
4522:
4473:
4405:
4182:
4065:
4058:
4029:
3992:
3961:
3571:
2589:
2527:
2523:
2350:
2278:
1803:
1704:
1670:
1418:
1253:). An abbreviated version of the phylogeny that they recovered can be seen below.
1237:
926:
871:
832:
717:
440:
377:
at a locality nicknamed the "White Ghost Castle" which is in the Yujingzi Basin of
264:
3655:
2711:
1854:
1367:
622:
also exhibits this trait, but it lacks the sagittal rugosities present in derived
447:. It was initially discovered in the early 2000s, but it was not described until
3723:
3572:"A Nearly Modern Amphibious Bird from the Early Cretaceous of Northwestern China"
3500:
3209:
3150:
3061:
2503:. This fauna, called the "Mazongshan fauna" by some authors, consists of mostly
7906:
7887:
7817:
7767:
7753:
7695:
7636:
7581:
7458:
7252:
7144:
7113:
7030:
7016:
6748:
6696:
6564:
6486:
6449:
6331:
6303:
6256:
6176:
6054:
5911:
5762:
5735:
5635:
5582:
5518:
5497:
5470:
5221:
5034:
5027:
5013:
4839:
4686:
4677:
4579:
4550:
4480:
4445:
4438:
4238:
4216:
4209:
4168:
4160:
4136:
4121:
4100:
4008:
4000:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2557:
2488:
2434:
and feathers still preserved, which has led authors to conclude that lakes with
2431:
2390:
2344:
2256:
2206:
2012:
1688:
544:
460:
402:
394:
118:
41:
2929:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
7845:
7774:
7719:
7340:
7155:
6973:
6959:
6944:
6896:
6830:
6756:
6578:
6571:
6557:
6463:
6396:
6324:
6288:
6241:
6183:
6169:
6136:
6128:
6121:
6102:
5925:
5890:
5678:
5279:
5070:
5020:
4957:
4928:
4883:
4861:
4854:
4846:
4770:
4666:
4625:
4618:
4610:
4594:
4514:
4385:
4261:
4114:
3977:
3836:
3436:
3379:
3243:
3183:"Tyrant Dinosaur Evolution Tracks the Rise and Fall of Late Cretaceous Oceans"
2615:
2610:
2562:
2398:
2303:
2302:. However, some authors believe that the fossil record from this part of the
2239:
2163:
2151:
1960:
1954:
1925:
1741:
1679:
1674:
1362:
1338:
1332:
1031:
905:
840:
836:
670:
634:
615:
556:
552:
189:
86:
51:
8008:
3663:
2243:, which has led some researchers to suggest that tyrannosauroids migrated to
7866:
7859:
7559:
7552:
7225:
7164:
6818:
6536:
6082:
5986:
5721:
5306:
5191:
5178:
5105:
5041:
4964:
4943:
4700:
4563:
4371:
4358:
4276:
4128:
3947:
3934:
3897:
3806:
3597:
2995:, a tyrannosauroid theropod from the Wealden Supergroup of southern England"
2949:
2496:
2413:
2409:
2267:
2175:
2168:
1931:
1543:
1211:
1169:
878:), with no mention of any unifying skull features. They named this clade, "
576:
533:
202:
143:
91:
3742:
3605:
3542:
3454:
3397:
3345:
3275:
3228:
3030:
2968:
2902:
2884:
2815:
2797:
2519:. There are also some fish and arthropod fossils preserved in the region.
8002:
7450:
6875:
6868:
6840:
6733:
6233:
5614:
4950:
4777:
4538:
4175:
3854:
3830:
3187:
2567:
2534:
2504:
2487:
are hypothesized to be the ecological successors to the much more famous
2422:
The composition of the Xiagou Formation indicates that there were likely
2405:
2272:
2263:
2226:
2200:). The researchers who described the "middle Cretaceous" taxa including
2135:
2129:
1849:
1703:
of this clade. They also discuss the implications that this has for the
1391:
1222:
1217:
972:
729:
608:
580:
523:
386:
305:
176:
163:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
3267:
3011:
2222:
noted that these taxa partially fill this "Cretaceous tyrannosaur gap".
680:
are visible. This led the authors of its description to determine that
8022:
7008:
6770:
6500:
6403:
5728:
5049:
2836:"White Ghost Castle (Cretaceous of China) Also known as Yujingzi Basin"
2604:
2423:
2295:
2252:
1708:
875:
844:
740:
588:
548:
428:
96:
71:
3551:
3327:
661:
is much anteroposteriorally elongated and vertical in relation to the
614:
One of the distinctive features of most tyrannosauroid skulls are the
7659:
7347:
4791:
3824:
2620:
2500:
2427:
2369:
2287:
2283:
2248:
2157:
1014:
899:
763:
666:
628:
572:
517:
414:
410:
153:
7979:
3304:"The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs"
1899:
1277:
2782:"A longirostrine tyrannosauroid from the Early Cretaceous of China"
6507:
6248:
6190:
3244:"A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China"
2492:
2386:
2373:
2313:
2212:
1189:
851:
802:
787:
721:
692:
604:
493:
444:
382:
378:
357:
313:
298:
1155:
In 2013, a team of scientists led by Mark Loewen, which included
7923:
6550:
2614:, and several unnamed forms, and they were accompanied by early
1707:
of tyrannosauroids, specifically that they likely originated in
819:
in 2009, Li and colleagues published a phylogenetic analysis of
571:
The skull of the holotype is preserved completely including the
7983:
7421:
6667:
5861:
5176:
4356:
3932:
3817:
3779:
882:" in reference to their hypothesis that this clade possessed a
641:
The rest of the skull is also characteristically compact. The
778:
resemble those of derived tyrannosauroids as well as those of
3775:
2869:"A giant ornithomimosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China"
2549:, but these have been called into question by some authors.
2555:
is known to have coexisted with the large ornithomimosaur,
1173:
which also contained a re-evaluation of the related taxon
607:
bones and the obscuring of the existence of the maxillary
2694:
You, H.; Morschhauser, E. M.; Li, D.; Dodson, P. (2018).
1221:
is a distinct taxon, regardless of any hypotheses of its
1677:
in their monograph about the osteology and phylogeny of
743:
on the vertebrae, which is unlike the condition seen in
724:. Several skeletal elements bear similarities to other
547:
that is wider than it is long, the absence of pneumatic
116:
Skeletal mount on display in China alongside a mount of
2873:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2786:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1665:
The most recent comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of
676:
Some of the teeth are not very well-preserved, but the
502:
The authors of its original description estimated that
463:, Ke-Qin Gao, Nathan D. Smith, and Peter J. Makovicky.
3085:
The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (Third Edition)
401:
It was discovered in and prepared in 2006 and 2007 by
3087:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
2545:. Other fragmentary remains have been attributed to
2468:
Two well-preserved birds from the Xiagou Formation:
451:
when a paper was published in the Proceedings of the
807:
A size comparison of several small tyrannosauroids,
583:. It is very elongated in comparison to most other
271:
7992:
7905:
7800:
7743:
7705:
7622:
7595:
7505:
7475:
7434:
7332:
7300:
7242:
7208:
7181:
7154:
7123:
7096:
7085:
7045:
6910:
6858:
6829:
6791:
6780:
6680:
6592:
6526:
6448:
6379:
6355:
6267:
6215:
6155:
6111:
6100:
6044:
6012:
5959:
5909:
5874:
5792:
5745:
5692:
5654:
5600:
5551:
5487:
5446:
5422:
5391:
5345:
5315:
5304:
5189:
5104:
5003:
4914:
4893:
4829:
4732:
4676:
4642:
4549:
4494:
4463:
4403:
4369:
4295:
4275:
4199:
4146:
4027:
3945:
3896:
3869:
3697:Wang, Y.; O'Connor, J. K.; Li, D.; You, H. (2013).
2404:The sediments of the formation consists of gray to
940:has been subsequently recovered in the analyses of
506:was about 5 metres (16 ft) long. They used a
2630:. Several turtle skeletons have also been found.
3446:20.500.11820/a6709b34-e3ab-416e-a866-03ba1162b23d
3131:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
3125:Delcourt, Rafael; Grillo, Orlando Nelson (2018).
2338:is the largest predator so-far discovered in the
835:, a notch on the dorsal edge of the ilium, fused
827:as a member of this group based on the following
405:, Peter Makovicky, and a team of scientists from
2262:It has also been suggested that the landmass of
665:, which resembles advanced tyrannosaurids. The
3483:Zanno, Lindsay E.; Makovicky, Peter J. (2011).
2145:), a handful of more intermediate forms in the
645:is small, triangular, and does not contact the
362:Skeletal diagram with the holotype in dark gray
3302:Brusatte, Stephen L.; Carr, Thomas D. (2016).
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2426:surrounded by narrow hills, allowing dinosaur
669:is also very robust due to a deep, blade-like
3791:
3770:"Fossil evidence of a goldilocks tyrannosaur"
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2229:was in the process of breaking up during the
8:
3626:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
385:. This is the same locality from which the
3692:
3690:
3297:
3295:
3293:
2696:"Introducing the Mazongshan Dinosaur Fauna"
2282:. Tyrannosauroid teeth are known from the
1235:as sister taxa and being more derived than
1194:The skulls of various tyrannosauroids with
7980:
7711:
7628:
7603:
7487:
7483:
7442:
7431:
7418:
7329:
7297:
7129:
7093:
7053:
6922:
6918:
6803:
6799:
6788:
6688:
6677:
6664:
6455:
6445:
6361:
6273:
6161:
6108:
6018:
5971:
5967:
5917:
5882:
5871:
5858:
5789:
5698:
5606:
5559:
5428:
5403:
5399:
5327:
5323:
5312:
5197:
5186:
5173:
5101:
4920:
4911:
4740:
4555:
4506:
4502:
4415:
4411:
4377:
4366:
4353:
4152:
4035:
3953:
3942:
3929:
3875:
3866:
3814:
3798:
3784:
3776:
2342:. The larger theropods found in the area,
831:: a vertical ridge on the midline of the
369:was discovered in the upper member of the
107:
20:
3732:
3722:
3564:
3562:
3550:
3520:
3518:
3444:
3387:
3335:
3218:
3208:
3044:Christiansen, P.; Fariña †, R.A. (2004).
3020:
3010:
2958:
2948:
2892:
2805:
3357:
3355:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
950:Phylogenetic Analysis (Li et al., 2010)
3046:"Mass Prediction in Theropod Dinosaurs"
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2354:, are both believed to be herbivorous.
2119:Information regarding the evolution of
673:and large, blocky ectopterygoid bones.
3619:
3411:
3409:
3407:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2326:depicting a predator-prey relationship
2389:. Today, this region is part of the
587:, with significant elongation of the
7:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
1209:as being within tyrannosauridae and
936:Similar phylogenetic placements for
728:and also to some non-tyrannosauroid
704:The preserved post-cranial bones of
423:The holotype, and only specimen, of
2005:
1976:
1947:
1918:
1888:
1819:
1795:
1788:
1733:
1726:
1714:
1535:
1506:
1446:
1439:
1410:
1383:
1354:
1325:
1296:
1266:
1256:
1073:
1048:
1006:
964:
952:
8072:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
3644:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3531:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2700:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
498:Estimated size compared to a human
14:
2991:"The osteology and affinities of
1163:, published a description of the
7964:
7958:
7951:
7403:
7396:
7389:
7383:
6649:
6642:
6637:
6630:
6624:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
4339:
4333:
2989:Naish, D.; Cau, A. (July 2022).
2660:Timeline of tyrannosaur research
2461:
2450:
2035:
2015:
1988:
1959:
1930:
1898:
1853:
1831:
1762:
1568:
1548:
1518:
1480:
1458:
1422:
1366:
1337:
1308:
1276:
1241:, which would place them within
316:. The type and only species is
130:
555:, a ridge on the middle of the
322:. The generic name comes from
3425:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2640:2009 in archosaur paleontology
774:The preserved hip elements of
1:
8082:Fossil taxa described in 2009
3656:10.1080/02724634.2018.1510412
2712:10.1080/02724634.2017.1396995
2438:lake beds were also present.
1691:as being the sister-taxon of
708:include the entire series of
700:showing hypothetical feathers
3724:10.1371/journal.pone.0077693
3501:10.1080/08912963.2010.543952
3210:10.1371/journal.pone.0079420
3151:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.003
3062:10.1080/08912960412331284313
850:They also recovered several
843:teeth much smaller than the
2507:, because the rocks of the
551:on the lateral edge of the
330:" or "grand pass") and the
8118:
889:Li and colleagues recover
342:. The specific epithet, "
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
8097:Monotypic dinosaur genera
8087:Taxa named by Mark Norell
7948:
7714:
7631:
7606:
7490:
7486:
7445:
7430:
7417:
7381:
7328:
7296:
7132:
7056:
6925:
6921:
6806:
6802:
6691:
6676:
6663:
6622:
6458:
6444:
6364:
6276:
6164:
6021:
5974:
5970:
5920:
5885:
5870:
5857:
5826:
5788:
5701:
5609:
5562:
5431:
5406:
5402:
5330:
5326:
5200:
5185:
5172:
5134:
5100:
4923:
4743:
4558:
4509:
4505:
4418:
4414:
4380:
4365:
4352:
4330:
4155:
4038:
3956:
3941:
3928:
3878:
3865:
3813:
3525:Holtz, Thomas R. (2021).
3437:10.1038/s41559-019-0888-0
3380:10.1038/s42003-019-0308-7
3083:Paul, Gregory S. (2024).
2840:The Paleobiology Database
2834:Carrano, Matthew (2009).
2587:, and the therizinosaur,
2483:The fauna present in the
2115:Evolutionary implications
2030:
2010:
2003:
1981:
1974:
1952:
1945:
1923:
1916:
1893:
1886:
1846:
1824:
1817:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1755:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1563:
1540:
1533:
1511:
1504:
1473:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1415:
1408:
1388:
1381:
1359:
1352:
1330:
1323:
1301:
1294:
1271:
1264:
1095:
1078:
1071:
1053:
1046:
1028:
1011:
1004:
986:
969:
962:
270:
263:
127:Scientific classification
125:
115:
106:
23:
2624:and the unusual toothed
2537:, and large herbivorous
897:than they are to either
815:In their description of
276:Xiongguanlong baimoensis
3598:10.1126/science.1126377
2950:10.1073/pnas.1600140113
2655:Sino-Swedish Expedition
2645:Gansu Provincial Museum
1225:. They also recovered
3543:10.1139/cjes-2020-0174
3368:Communications Biology
2885:10.1098/rspb.2009.0236
2798:10.1098/rspb.2009.0249
2618:such as the duck-like
2515:, with relatively few
2327:
1199:
812:
701:
663:infratemporal fenestra
499:
480:derived tyrannosaurids
363:
312:period of what is now
8092:Paleontology in Gansu
8044:Paleobiology Database
6357:Carcharodontosaurinae
6269:Carcharodontosauridae
2317:
2251:, possibly either by
1193:
806:
696:
689:Post-cranial skeleton
497:
472:basal tyrannosauroids
361:
7333:Dubious coelurosaurs
6046:Metriacanthosaurinae
6014:Metriacanthosauridae
4296:Dubious neotheropods
2361:. Similar taxa like
2318:A skeletal mount of
618:, which are fused.
468:transitional species
6370:Carcharodontosaurus
6157:Carcharodontosauria
3715:2013PLoSO...877693W
3590:2006Sci...312.1640Y
3584:(5780): 1640–1643.
3320:2016NatSR...620252B
3268:10.1038/nature10906
3260:2012Natur.484...92X
3201:2013PLoSO...879420L
3143:2018PPP...511..379D
3012:10.7717/peerj.12727
2941:2016PNAS..113.3447B
2491:, which existed in
884:global distribution
508:regression analysis
7825:Archaeornithomimus
6346:Veterupristisaurus
6206:Veterupristisaurus
6062:Metriacanthosaurus
6002:Piatnitzkysauridae
5437:Eustreptospondylus
5347:Piatnitzkysauridae
5230:Chuandongocoelurus
4094:Notatesseraeraptor
3489:Historical Biology
3308:Scientific Reports
3050:Historical Biology
2442:Contemporary fauna
2328:
2292:Cloverly Formation
1200:
911:quadratojugal bone
823:. They recovered
813:
702:
500:
439:, a partial right
407:Beijing University
364:
326:(formerly called "
8059:
8058:
8031:Open Tree of Life
7986:Taxon identifiers
7977:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7901:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7707:Macrocheiriformes
7624:Ornithomimosauria
7598:Maniraptoriformes
7591:
7590:
7437:Maniraptoromorpha
7424:Maniraptoromorpha
7413:
7412:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7302:Maniraptoromorpha
7292:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7041:
7040:
6906:
6905:
6860:Proceratosauridae
6812:Chingkankousaurus
6659:
6658:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6588:
6587:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6091:
5853:
5852:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5688:
5687:
5644:Vallibonavenatrix
5547:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5387:
5386:
5168:
5167:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5079:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4490:
4489:
4348:
4347:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4271:
4270:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3328:10.1038/srep20252
2935:(13): 3447–3452.
2879:(1679): 191–198.
2792:(1679): 183–190.
2616:euornithean birds
2412:interbedded with
2393:, but during the
2111:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2047:
1896:Proceratosauridae
1875:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1775:
1774:
1705:paleobiogeography
1669:was conducted by
1662:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1493:
1492:
1274:Proceratosauridae
1153:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
784:fourth trochanter
597:postorbital bones
529:Cretaceous period
398:was recovered.
290:
289:
259:
34:~124 to 113 Ma -
8109:
8052:
8051:
8039:
8038:
8026:
8025:
8013:
8012:
8011:
7981:
7968:
7962:
7955:
7811:Aepyornithomimus
7712:
7629:
7604:
7568:Sinocalliopteryx
7488:
7484:
7478:Neocoelurosauria
7443:
7432:
7419:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7387:
7330:
7298:
7267:Zhuchengtyrannus
7199:Thanatotheristes
7130:
7094:
7062:Appalachiosaurus
7054:
6923:
6919:
6913:Pantyrannosauria
6804:
6800:
6794:Tyrannosauroidea
6789:
6764:Xinjiangovenator
6689:
6678:
6665:
6653:
6646:
6641:
6634:
6628:
6456:
6446:
6362:
6282:Acrocanthosaurus
6274:
6162:
6109:
6035:Yangchuanosaurus
6019:
5972:
5968:
5918:
5899:Lourinhanosaurus
5883:
5872:
5859:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5790:
5756:Sigilmassasaurus
5699:
5656:Ceratosuchopsini
5607:
5560:
5505:Dubreuillosaurus
5429:
5412:Streptospondylus
5404:
5400:
5370:Piatnitzkysaurus
5328:
5324:
5313:
5198:
5187:
5174:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5102:
4937:Ekrixinatosaurus
4921:
4912:
4741:
4556:
4507:
4503:
4416:
4412:
4378:
4367:
4354:
4343:
4337:
4247:Procompsognathus
4153:
4036:
3954:
3943:
3930:
3876:
3867:
3860:
3859:
3815:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3726:
3694:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3617:
3566:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3480:
3467:
3466:
3448:
3422:
3413:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3299:
3288:
3287:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3178:
3163:
3162:
3122:
3099:
3098:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3014:
2993:Eotyrannus lengi
2986:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2920:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2831:
2820:
2819:
2809:
2777:
2724:
2723:
2706:(sup. 1): 1−11.
2691:
2539:ornithomimosaurs
2513:enantiornithines
2509:Xiagou Formation
2465:
2454:
2395:Early Cretaceous
2380:Paleoenvironment
2340:Xiagou Formation
2231:Early Cretaceous
2174:genera from the
2172:hypercarnivorous
2167:), and numerous
2147:Early Cretaceous
2039:
2019:
2006:
1992:
1977:
1963:
1948:
1934:
1919:
1913:Pantyrannosauria
1902:
1889:
1857:
1835:
1820:
1796:
1789:
1766:
1734:
1727:
1720:Tyrannosauroidea
1715:
1667:tyrannosauroidea
1572:
1552:
1536:
1522:
1515:Appalachiosaurus
1507:
1484:
1462:
1447:
1440:
1426:
1411:
1384:
1370:
1355:
1341:
1326:
1312:
1297:
1291:Pantyrannosauria
1280:
1267:
1261:Tyrannosauroidea
1257:
1161:Scott D. Sampson
1157:Philip J. Currie
1082:Appalachiosaurus
1074:
1049:
1007:
965:
958:Tyrannosauroidea
953:
947:
946:
880:pantyrannosauria
856:proceratosaurids
821:tyrannosauroidea
780:ornithomimosaurs
714:dorsal vertebrae
698:Life restoration
659:postorbital bone
579:, but lacks the
443:, and the right
437:dorsal vertebrae
371:Xiagou Formation
310:Early Cretaceous
273:
250:
243:
232:Pantyrannosauria
230:
216:Tyrannosauroidea
214:
135:
134:
111:
101:
38:
31:Early Cretaceous
29:Temporal range:
21:
8117:
8116:
8112:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8055:
8047:
8042:
8034:
8029:
8021:
8016:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7988:
7978:
7969:
7956:
7930:
7893:
7874:Sinornithomimus
7796:
7739:
7701:
7618:
7612:Compsognathidae
7600:
7587:
7575:Sinosauropteryx
7507:Compsognathidae
7501:
7480:
7471:
7439:
7426:
7409:
7408:
7394:
7367:
7362:Shanyangosaurus
7355:Phaedrolosaurus
7316:
7272:
7238:
7204:
7183:Daspletosaurini
7177:
7150:
7125:Tyrannosaurinae
7119:
7098:Albertosaurinae
7090:
7088:Tyrannosauridae
7081:
7050:
7048:Eutyrannosauria
7037:
6915:
6902:
6883:Proceratosaurus
6854:
6825:
6796:
6785:
6776:
6742:Richardoestesia
6726:Chilantaisaurus
6685:
6672:
6655:
6654:
6635:
6608:
6584:
6544:Australovenator
6522:
6516:Chilantaisaurus
6494:Phuwiangvenator
6416:
6381:Giganotosaurini
6375:
6351:
6263:
6226:Chilantaisaurus
6211:
6151:
6105:
6088:
6040:
6008:
5964:
5955:
5933:Monolophosaurus
5914:
5905:
5879:
5866:
5849:
5848:
5834:
5808:
5768:
5741:
5707:Camarillasaurus
5684:
5650:
5596:
5590:Ostafrikasaurus
5568:Camarillasaurus
5556:
5539:
5489:Afrovenatorinae
5483:
5442:
5418:
5396:
5383:
5341:
5320:
5318:Megalosauroidea
5309:
5300:
5295:Vectaerovenator
5288:Szechuanosaurus
5266:Monolophosaurus
5252:Kaijiangosaurus
5245:Cryolophosaurus
5206:Calamospondylus
5194:
5181:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5120:
5076:
5057:Pycnonemosaurus
4999:
4910:
4904:Majungasaurinae
4889:
4831:Majungasaurinae
4825:
4820:Xenotarsosaurus
4756:Dryptosauroides
4737:
4720:
4672:
4644:Elaphrosaurinae
4638:
4545:
4531:Ornithomimoides
4499:
4486:
4459:
4408:
4399:
4374:
4361:
4344:
4338:
4316:
4291:
4267:
4195:
4142:
4108:Shuangbaisaurus
4032:
4023:
3950:
3937:
3912:
3892:
3886:Avemetatarsalia
3871:Avemetatarsalia
3861:
3846:Avemetatarsalia
3820:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3772:ScienceNews.org
3764:found in China"
3756:
3751:
3750:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3650:(sup1): 12–21.
3640:
3639:
3635:
3618:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3482:
3481:
3470:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3405:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3301:
3300:
3291:
3254:(7392): 92–95.
3241:
3240:
3236:
3180:
3179:
3166:
3124:
3123:
3102:
3095:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3043:
3042:
3038:
2988:
2987:
2976:
2922:
2921:
2910:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2779:
2778:
2727:
2693:
2692:
2673:
2668:
2636:
2599:Archaeoceratops
2547:oviraptorosaurs
2532:titanosauriform
2517:ornithuromorphs
2485:Xinminbao Group
2481:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2382:
2333:
2312:
2142:Proceratosaurus
2125:Middle Jurassic
2121:tyrannosauroids
2117:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2032:Eutyrannosauria
1964:
1935:
1876:
1867:
1776:
1767:
1693:eutyrannosauria
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1565:Tyrannosauridae
1494:
1463:
1405:Eutyrannosauria
1342:
1243:eutyrannosauria
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1098:Tyrannosauridae
990:Proceratosaurus
931:eutyrannosauria
895:tyrannosauridae
801:
796:
726:tyrannosauroids
691:
643:prefrontal bone
585:tyrannosauroids
569:
512:Gregory S. Paul
492:
484:Late Cretaceous
476:Jurassic period
457:paleontologists
391:ornithomimosaur
375:Xinminbao Group
356:
286:
279:
249:
241:
228:
212:
129:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
36:
35:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8115:
8113:
8105:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8064:
8063:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8040:
8027:
8014:
7998:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7984:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7920:
7911:
7909:
7903:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7884:
7877:
7870:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7842:
7839:Dromiceiomimus
7835:
7828:
7821:
7814:
7806:
7804:
7802:Ornithomimidae
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7787:
7783:Paraxenisaurus
7779:
7771:
7764:
7757:
7749:
7747:
7745:Deinocheiridae
7741:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7734:Shenzhousaurus
7730:
7723:
7715:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7699:
7692:
7684:
7677:
7670:
7663:
7656:
7648:
7640:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7616:
7607:
7601:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7556:
7549:
7542:
7535:
7531:Beipiaognathus
7527:
7520:
7511:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7491:
7481:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7446:
7440:
7435:
7428:
7427:
7422:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7402:
7388:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7365:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7336:
7334:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7248:
7246:
7244:Tyrannosaurini
7240:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7229:
7222:
7214:
7212:
7210:Teratophoneini
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7195:
7192:Daspletosaurus
7187:
7185:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7172:Qianzhousaurus
7168:
7160:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7148:
7141:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7110:
7102:
7100:
7091:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7072:
7069:Bistahieversor
7065:
7057:
7051:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6970:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6941:
6934:
6926:
6916:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6864:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6844:
6836:
6834:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6815:
6807:
6797:
6792:
6786:
6783:Tyrannoraptora
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6745:
6738:
6730:
6722:
6715:
6707:
6700:
6692:
6686:
6681:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6648:
6629:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6532:
6530:
6528:Megaraptoridae
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6512:
6504:
6497:
6490:
6483:
6475:
6467:
6459:
6453:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6390:Giganotosaurus
6385:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6365:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6285:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6253:
6245:
6238:
6230:
6221:
6219:
6217:Neovenatoridae
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6202:
6199:Ulughbegsaurus
6195:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6165:
6159:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6141:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6115:
6106:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6031:
6027:Xuanhanosaurus
6022:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
5998:
5994:Xuanhanosaurus
5990:
5983:
5980:Asfaltovenator
5975:
5965:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5945:
5941:Megalosauridae
5937:
5929:
5921:
5915:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5895:
5886:
5880:
5875:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5842:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5759:
5751:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5715:Ichthyovenator
5711:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5675:
5668:
5660:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5640:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5586:
5579:
5576:Cristatusaurus
5572:
5563:
5557:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5533:Poekilopleuron
5529:
5526:Piveteausaurus
5522:
5515:
5508:
5501:
5493:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5450:
5448:Megalosaurinae
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5432:
5426:
5424:Megalosauridae
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5407:
5397:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5377:Xuanhanosaurus
5373:
5366:
5359:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5336:Yunyangosaurus
5331:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5276:
5273:Pandoravenator
5269:
5262:
5259:Kayentavenator
5255:
5248:
5241:
5233:
5226:
5218:
5210:
5201:
5195:
5190:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5009:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4990:
4987:Skorpiovenator
4983:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4924:
4918:
4909:
4908:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4835:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4799:Spectrovenator
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4738:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4682:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4648:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4633:Spinostropheus
4629:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4576:
4568:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4510:
4500:
4497:Abelisauroidea
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4477:
4469:
4467:
4465:Ceratosauridae
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4454:Saltriovenator
4450:
4442:
4435:
4431:Fosterovenator
4427:
4419:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:Lophostropheus
4389:
4381:
4375:
4370:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4254:Pterospondylus
4250:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4224:Lucianovenator
4220:
4213:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4156:
4150:
4148:Coelophysoidea
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4133:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4087:Lophostropheus
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3986:Erythrovenator
3982:
3974:
3966:
3957:
3951:
3946:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3879:
3873:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3848:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3818:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3767:
3755:
3754:External links
3752:
3749:
3748:
3709:(10): e77693.
3686:
3677:
3633:
3558:
3537:(9): 778–795.
3514:
3495:(4): 317–325.
3468:
3431:(6): 892–899.
3403:
3351:
3289:
3234:
3195:(11): e79420.
3164:
3100:
3094:978-0691231570
3093:
3075:
3056:(2–4): 85–92.
3036:
2974:
2908:
2854:
2821:
2725:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2595:neoceratopsian
2543:therizinosaurs
2499:and the early
2467:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2381:
2378:
2359:tyrannosaurids
2332:
2329:
2311:
2308:
2235:Atlantic Ocean
2233:, meaning the
2197:Daspletosaurus
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1713:
1701:synapomorphies
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1206:Bistahieversor
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
994:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
968:
963:
961:
951:
862:, and a broad
829:synapomorphies
811:is labeled (2)
800:
797:
795:
794:Classification
792:
752:Daspletosaurus
716:, part of the
690:
687:
678:dental alveoli
651:parietal bones
624:tyrannosaurids
568:
565:
541:Autapomorphies
491:
488:
355:
352:
338:" which means
324:Jiayuguan City
303:tyrannosauroid
297:is an extinct
288:
287:
280:
268:
267:
261:
260:
239:
235:
234:
226:
219:
218:
210:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
123:
122:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
39:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8114:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8050:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8019:
8015:
8010:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7995:
7994:Xiongguanlong
7991:
7987:
7982:
7967:
7963:
7961:
7954:
7925:
7921:
7919:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7908:
7904:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7881:Struthiomimus
7878:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7869:
7868:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7850:
7848:
7847:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7832:"Coelosaurus"
7829:
7827:
7826:
7822:
7820:
7819:
7815:
7813:
7812:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7772:
7770:
7769:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7736:
7735:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7727:Pelecanimimus
7724:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7704:
7698:
7697:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7688:Thecocoelurus
7685:
7683:
7682:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7667:Kinnareemimus
7664:
7662:
7661:
7657:
7654:
7653:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7621:
7614:
7613:
7609:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7594:
7584:
7583:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7546:Huaxiagnathus
7543:
7541:
7540:
7539:Compsognathus
7536:
7533:
7532:
7528:
7526:
7525:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7466:Ornitholestes
7463:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7448:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7420:
7416:
7406:
7401:
7399:
7392:
7386:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7260:Tyrannosaurus
7257:
7255:
7254:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7233:Teratophoneus
7230:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7221:
7220:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7201:
7200:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7107:Albertosaurus
7104:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7044:
7033:
7032:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7024:Xiongguanlong
7021:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7006:
7004:
7003:
7002:Suskityrannus
6999:
6997:
6996:
6995:Stokesosaurus
6992:
6990:
6989:
6988:Santanaraptor
6985:
6983:
6982:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6931:Alectrosaurus
6928:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6909:
6899:
6898:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6850:
6849:
6848:Tanycolagreus
6845:
6843:
6842:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6766:
6765:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6711:Bahariasaurus
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6683:Coelurosauria
6679:
6675:
6671:
6670:Coelurosauria
6666:
6662:
6652:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6633:
6627:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6594:Coelurosauria
6591:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6471:Bahariasaurus
6468:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6311:Kelmayisaurus
6308:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6147:
6146:
6145:Saurophaganax
6142:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6099:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6076:Siamotyrannus
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5962:Allosauroidea
5958:
5951:
5950:
5949:Spinosauridae
5946:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5908:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5846:
5841:
5839:
5832:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5694:Spinosaurinae
5691:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5672:Riparovenator
5669:
5667:
5666:
5665:Ceratosuchops
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5629:Riojavenatrix
5626:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5602:Baryonychinae
5599:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5554:Spinosauridae
5550:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5478:Wiehenvenator
5475:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5414:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5390:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5214:Chienkosaurus
5211:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5005:Furileusauria
5002:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4979:Rahiolisaurus
4976:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4895:Carnotaurinae
4892:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:Rahiolisaurus
4873:
4871:
4870:
4869:Majungasaurus
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4806:Tarascosaurus
4803:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:Eoabelisaurus
4761:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4749:Chenanisaurus
4746:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4735:Abelisauridae
4731:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4694:Masiakasaurus
4691:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4660:Huinculsaurus
4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:Elaphrosaurus
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:Austrocheirus
4569:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:Berberosaurus
4421:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4342:
4336:
4313:
4312:
4311:Halticosaurus
4308:
4306:
4305:
4304:Teinurosaurus
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:Megapnosaurus
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4201:Coelophysidae
4198:
4192:
4191:
4190:Powellvenator
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4080:Liliensternus
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:Dolichosuchus
4048:
4046:
4045:
4044:Dilophosaurus
4041:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4018:
4017:Herrerasauria
4014:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:Daemonosaurus
3967:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:"Ancestor of
3758:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2627:Brevidentavis
2623:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2593:. The small
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2553:Xiongguanlong
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2528:hadrosauroids
2525:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2453:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:conglomerates
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:Suskityrannus
2360:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2336:Xiongguanlong
2330:
2325:
2321:
2320:Xiongguanlong
2316:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:Late Jurassic
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:North America
2242:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2219:Suskityrannus
2215:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:Xiongguanlong
2199:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:Albertosaurus
2187:
2186:
2185:Tyrannosaurus
2181:
2180:Maastrichtian
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1985:Xiongguanlong
1979:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1828:Tanycolagreus
1822:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:Stokesosaurus
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Xiongguanlong
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1477:Xiongguanlong
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1454:Alectrosaurus
1449:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:Tyrannosaurus
1244:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:Alectrosaurus
1228:
1227:Xiongguanlong
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1196:Xiongguanlong
1192:
1188:
1186:
1185:Teratophoneus
1182:
1178:
1177:
1176:Teratophoneus
1172:
1171:
1166:
1165:tyrannosaurid
1162:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1069:Clade 3
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:Xiongguanlong
1051:
1050:
1044:Clade 2
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1002:Clade 1
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
991:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
974:
967:
966:
960:
959:
955:
954:
949:
948:
945:
943:
939:
938:Xiongguanlong
934:
932:
928:
924:
923:Xiongguanlong
920:
919:Xiongguanlong
915:
912:
908:
907:
902:
901:
896:
892:
891:Xiongguanlong
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:quadrate bone
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Xiongguanlong
822:
818:
817:Xiongguanlong
810:
809:Xiongguanlong
805:
798:
793:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
776:Xiongguanlong
772:
770:
769:fossilization
766:
765:
760:
759:
758:Tyrannosaurus
754:
753:
748:
747:
746:Albertosaurus
742:
738:
735:The cervical
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Xiongguanlong
699:
695:
688:
686:
683:
682:Xiongguanlong
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:quadrate bone
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
636:
631:
630:
625:
621:
620:Xiongguanlong
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
561:quadrate bone
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
536:
535:
530:
526:
525:
520:
519:
513:
509:
505:
504:Xiongguanlong
496:
489:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
453:Royal Society
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Xiongguanlong
421:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Xiongguanlong
360:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:
319:X. baimoensis
315:
311:
307:
304:
300:
296:
295:
294:Xiongguanlong
284:
278:
277:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
248:
247:
246:Xiongguanlong
240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
211:
209:Superfamily:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
124:
121:
120:
114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
32:
26:
25:Xiongguanlong
22:
19:
8077:Tyrannosaurs
7993:
7957:
7886:
7879:
7872:
7865:
7858:
7853:Ornithomimus
7851:
7844:
7837:
7830:
7823:
7816:
7809:
7791:Tyrannomimus
7789:
7781:
7773:
7766:
7761:Deinocheirus
7759:
7752:
7732:
7725:
7718:
7694:
7686:
7681:Nqwebasaurus
7679:
7674:Nedcolbertia
7672:
7665:
7658:
7652:Calamosaurus
7650:
7644:Aviatyrannis
7642:
7635:
7610:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7558:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7529:
7524:Aristosuchus
7522:
7516:Aniksosaurus
7514:
7496:Aniksosaurus
7494:
7464:
7457:
7449:
7395:
7360:
7353:
7346:
7339:
7265:
7258:
7251:
7231:
7224:
7219:Dynamoterror
7217:
7197:
7190:
7170:
7163:
7143:
7138:Asiatyrannus
7136:
7112:
7105:
7076:Dryptosaurus
7074:
7067:
7060:
7029:
7023:
7022:
7015:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6972:
6967:Jinbeisaurus
6965:
6958:
6951:
6943:
6938:Aviatyrannis
6936:
6929:
6895:
6890:Sinotyrannus
6888:
6881:
6874:
6867:
6846:
6839:
6817:
6810:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6747:
6740:
6732:
6724:
6719:Bicentenaria
6717:
6709:
6704:Asiamericana
6702:
6695:
6636:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6514:
6506:
6499:
6492:
6485:
6479:Deltadromeus
6477:
6469:
6462:
6411:Tyrannotitan
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6368:
6344:
6339:Taurovenator
6337:
6330:
6323:
6318:Lajasvenator
6316:
6309:
6302:
6297:Concavenator
6295:
6287:
6280:
6255:
6247:
6240:
6232:
6224:
6204:
6197:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6143:
6135:
6127:
6120:
6113:Allosauridae
6081:
6074:
6069:Shidaisaurus
6067:
6060:
6053:
6033:
6025:
6000:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5947:
5939:
5931:
5924:
5897:
5889:
5877:Avetheropoda
5864:Avetheropoda
5835:
5794:Avetheropoda
5761:
5754:
5747:Spinosaurini
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5705:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5642:
5634:
5627:
5622:Protathlitis
5620:
5613:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5566:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5512:Leshansaurus
5510:
5503:
5496:
5476:
5469:
5464:Megalosaurus
5462:
5457:Duriavenator
5455:
5435:
5410:
5394:Megalosauria
5375:
5368:
5363:Marshosaurus
5361:
5356:Condorraptor
5354:
5334:
5293:
5286:
5278:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5237:Cruxicheiros
5235:
5228:
5220:
5212:
5204:
5069:
5064:Quilmesaurus
5062:
5055:
5048:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
4992:
4985:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4927:
4916:Brachyrostra
4902:
4882:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4845:
4838:
4818:
4813:Tralkasaurus
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4754:
4747:
4715:Vespersaurus
4713:
4708:Velocisaurus
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4609:
4603:Deltadromeus
4601:
4593:
4587:Compsosuchus
4585:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4537:
4529:
4523:Lametasaurus
4521:
4513:
4479:
4474:Ceratosaurus
4472:
4452:
4444:
4437:
4429:
4422:
4406:Ceratosauria
4391:
4384:
4309:
4302:
4260:
4252:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4188:
4183:Podokesaurus
4181:
4174:
4167:
4159:
4135:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4066:Gojirasaurus
4064:
4059:Dracovenator
4057:
4049:
4042:
4030:Neotheropoda
4015:
4007:
3999:
3993:Guaibasaurus
3991:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3962:Chindesaurus
3960:
3850:
3841:
3761:
3706:
3702:
3680:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3622:cite journal
3581:
3575:
3534:
3530:
3492:
3488:
3428:
3424:
3371:
3367:
3311:
3307:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3192:
3186:
3134:
3130:
3084:
3078:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2932:
2928:
2876:
2872:
2849:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:
2789:
2785:
2703:
2699:
2625:
2619:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2590:Suzhousaurus
2588:
2582:
2572:
2566:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2524:ceratopsians
2521:
2482:
2473:
2469:
2421:
2403:
2383:
2362:
2356:
2351:Suzhousaurus
2349:
2343:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2319:
2310:Paleoecology
2279:Microvenator
2277:
2271:
2261:
2238:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2118:
2011:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1953:
1924:
1894:
1848:
1847:
1826:
1825:
1804:Tugulusaurus
1802:
1801:
1756:
1740:
1739:
1718:
1696:
1678:
1671:Darren Naish
1664:
1542:
1541:
1513:
1512:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1452:
1419:Dryptosaurus
1417:
1416:
1390:
1389:
1361:
1360:
1331:
1303:
1302:
1272:
1251:Dryptosaurus
1250:
1246:
1238:Dryptosaurus
1236:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1154:
1096:
1080:
1079:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1030:
1029:
1013:
1012:
988:
987:
971:
970:
956:
937:
935:
922:
918:
916:
904:
898:
890:
888:
849:
841:premaxillary
824:
816:
814:
808:
775:
773:
762:
756:
750:
744:
734:
705:
703:
681:
675:
640:
633:
627:
619:
613:
570:
557:premaxillary
539:
532:
522:
516:
503:
501:
470:between the
465:
424:
422:
400:
393:
366:
365:
348:latinization
343:
335:
327:
318:
317:
293:
292:
291:
282:
275:
274:
265:Type species
252:
245:
244:
222:
196:
183:
170:
117:
24:
18:
8102:Aptian life
7918:Maniraptora
7907:Maniraptora
7888:Tototlmimus
7818:Anserimimus
7768:Garudimimus
7754:Beishanlong
7696:Valdoraptor
7637:Arkansaurus
7582:Xunmenglong
7459:Juravenator
7253:Tarbosaurus
7145:Nanuqsaurus
7114:Gorgosaurus
7031:Megaraptora
7017:Timurlengia
6749:Sciurumimus
6697:Aratasaurus
6565:Murusraptor
6487:Fukuiraptor
6450:Megaraptora
6332:Shaochilong
6304:Eocarcharia
6257:Megaraptora
6177:Lusovenator
6055:Alpkarakush
5912:Carnosauria
5763:Spinosaurus
5736:Siamosaurus
5636:Suchosaurus
5583:Iberospinus
5519:Magnosaurus
5498:Afrovenator
5471:Torvosaurus
5222:Chilesaurus
5035:Carnotaurus
5028:Caletodraco
5014:Abelisaurus
4840:Arcovenator
4687:Laevisuchus
4678:Noasaurinae
4580:Berthasaura
4551:Noasauridae
4481:Genyodectes
4446:Lukousaurus
4439:Jubbulpuria
4239:Panguraptor
4217:Coelophysis
4210:Camposaurus
4169:Panguraptor
4161:Dracoraptor
4137:Zupaysaurus
4122:Tachiraptor
4101:Sarcosaurus
4001:Nhandumirim
3137:: 379–387.
2650:Lagerstätte
2584:Qiaowanlong
2579:euhelopodid
2574:Jintasaurus
2563:ornithopods
2558:Beishanlong
2495:during the
2489:Jehol biota
2432:webbed feet
2391:Gobi Desert
2345:Beishanlong
2324:Beishanlong
2322:alsongside
2257:land bridge
2207:Timurlengia
2013:Megaraptora
1689:megaraptora
1198:labeled (F)
864:postorbital
837:nasal bones
616:nasal bones
545:basicranium
490:Description
461:Mark Norell
459:Daqing Li,
403:Mark Norell
395:Beishanlong
119:Beishanlong
8066:Categories
7846:Gallimimus
7775:Harpymimus
7720:Harpymimus
7341:Iliosuchus
7311:see below↓
7156:Alioramini
6974:Juratyrant
6960:Eotyrannus
6945:Bagaraatan
6897:Yutyrannus
6831:Coeluridae
6757:Vayuraptor
6603:see below↓
6579:Tratayenia
6572:Orkoraptor
6558:Megaraptor
6464:Aoniraptor
6397:Mapusaurus
6325:Sauroniops
6289:Altispinax
6242:Neovenator
6184:Siamraptor
6170:Datanglong
6137:Epanterias
6129:Antrodemus
6122:Allosaurus
6103:Allosauria
5926:Altispinax
5891:Gasosaurus
5803:see below↓
5679:Suchomimus
5280:Sinosaurus
5115:see below↓
5071:Viavenator
5021:Aucasaurus
4958:Ilokelesia
4929:Dahalokely
4884:Rajasaurus
4862:Indosaurus
4855:Genusaurus
4847:Dahalokely
4771:Indosuchus
4667:Limusaurus
4626:Ligabueino
4619:Kiyacursor
4611:Genusaurus
4595:Dahalokely
4515:Betasuchus
4386:Dornraptor
4286:see below↓
4262:Segisaurus
4115:Sinosaurus
3978:Eodromaeus
3907:see below↓
3855:Dinosauria
3837:Sauropsida
3552:1903/28566
3005:: e12727.
2845:2023-08-15
2666:References
2611:Feitianius
2472:(top) and
2414:sandstones
2410:siltstones
2399:Tethys Sea
2304:Cretaceous
2255:or over a
2240:Eotyrannus
2169:megafaunal
2164:Eotyrannus
2152:Yutyrannus
1955:Eotyrannus
1926:Yutyrannus
1742:Juratyrant
1680:Eotyrannus
1675:Andrea Cau
1363:Bagaraatan
1333:Eotyrannus
1032:Eotyrannus
927:brain case
906:Eotyrannus
671:vomer bone
635:Eotyrannus
601:fossilized
595:, and the
553:nasal bone
344:baimoensis
328:Xiong Guan
190:Saurischia
177:Dinosauria
7922:includes
7867:Rativates
7860:Qiupalong
7560:Scipionyx
7553:Mirischia
7226:Lythronax
7165:Alioramus
6819:Labocania
6537:Aerosteon
6083:Sinraptor
5987:Erectopus
5722:Irritator
5307:Orionides
5192:Tetanurae
5179:Tetanurae
5106:Tetanurae
5042:Elemgasem
4965:Llukalkan
4944:Elemgasem
4701:Noasaurus
4564:Afromimus
4372:Averostra
4359:Averostra
4277:Averostra
4129:Velocipes
3948:Theropoda
3935:Theropoda
3898:Theropoda
3823:Kingdom:
3807:Theropoda
3672:202865132
3664:0272-4634
3509:140721871
3463:256707614
3314:: 20252.
3159:133830150
2720:202867591
2535:sauropods
2505:dinosaurs
2497:Barremian
2406:mudstones
2268:Laramidia
2176:Campanian
1544:Alioramus
1212:Alioramus
1181:Lythronax
1170:Lythronax
845:maxillary
799:Phylogeny
730:theropods
609:fenestrae
589:maxillary
577:braincase
534:Alioramus
354:Discovery
308:from the
203:Theropoda
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
8003:Wikidata
7451:Coelurus
6876:Kileskus
6869:Guanlong
6841:Coelurus
6734:Gualicho
6234:Gualicho
5615:Baryonyx
4951:Guemesia
4778:Kryptops
4539:Ozraptor
4176:Pendraig
3831:Chordata
3829:Phylum:
3825:Animalia
3766:BBC News
3743:24147058
3703:PLOS ONE
3614:42723583
3606:16778053
3455:31061476
3398:30820466
3346:26830019
3284:29689629
3276:22481363
3229:24223179
3188:PLoS ONE
3070:84322349
3031:35821895
2969:26976562
2903:19386658
2816:19386654
2634:See also
2568:Xuwulong
2476:(bottom)
2424:lowlands
2273:Eolambia
2264:Beringia
2227:Laurasia
2136:Kileskus
2130:Guanlong
1850:Coelurus
1392:Raptorex
1223:ontogeny
1218:Raptorex
973:Guanlong
741:foramina
710:cervical
593:lacrimal
581:mandible
575:and the
549:foramina
524:Guanlong
478:and the
433:cervical
387:holotype
332:Mandarin
306:theropod
164:Chordata
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
8036:4140351
8023:4966225
8009:Q134320
7009:Timimus
6771:Zuolong
6501:Rapator
6404:Meraxes
5729:Oxalaia
5050:Koleken
4073:Lepidus
3835:Class:
3734:3795672
3711:Bibcode
3586:Bibcode
3577:Science
3389:6385174
3337:4735739
3316:Bibcode
3256:Bibcode
3220:3819173
3197:Bibcode
3139:Bibcode
3022:9271276
2960:4822578
2937:Bibcode
2894:2842665
2807:2842666
2605:Avimaia
2470:Avimaia
2296:Wyoming
2253:rafting
1709:Eurasia
942:Xu Xing
876:ischium
847:teeth.
649:. The
482:of the
474:of the
455:by the
429:Lanzhou
389:of the
373:of the
346:" is a
238:Genus:
8049:146099
7660:Hexing
7348:Kakuru
6953:Dilong
4994:Thanos
4972:Niebla
4792:Rugops
4785:Kurupi
3741:
3731:
3670:
3662:
3612:
3604:
3507:
3461:
3453:
3396:
3386:
3374:: 64.
3344:
3334:
3282:
3274:
3248:Nature
3227:
3217:
3157:
3091:
3068:
3029:
3019:
2967:
2957:
2901:
2891:
2814:
2804:
2718:
2621:Gansus
2577:, the
2501:Aptian
2474:Gansus
2436:anoxic
2428:faunas
2370:Aptian
2288:Albian
2284:Aptian
2249:Europe
2216:, and
2182:(e.g.
2158:Dilong
2149:(e.g.
2127:(e.g.
1305:Dilong
1167:genus
1015:Dilong
900:Dilong
852:clades
839:, and
764:Dilong
755:, and
737:centra
720:and a
667:palate
629:Dilong
573:palate
518:Dilong
418:stages
415:Albian
411:Aptian
340:dragon
334:word "
285:, 2009
283:et al.
253:et al.
37:Aptian
7924:birds
6981:Moros
6508:Siats
6249:Siats
6191:Siats
3851:Clade
3842:Clade
3762:T rex
3668:S2CID
3610:S2CID
3505:S2CID
3459:S2CID
3421:(PDF)
3280:S2CID
3155:S2CID
3066:S2CID
2999:PeerJ
2716:S2CID
2493:China
2387:Gansu
2374:China
2290:aged
2247:from
2213:Moros
872:ilium
833:ilium
788:tibia
786:. A
722:femur
718:ilium
647:orbit
605:skull
567:Skull
445:femur
441:ilium
383:China
379:Gansu
314:China
299:genus
223:Clade
197:Clade
184:Clade
171:Clade
8018:GBIF
7916:see
6551:Maip
4009:Tawa
3884:see
3739:PMID
3660:ISSN
3628:link
3602:PMID
3451:PMID
3394:PMID
3342:PMID
3272:PMID
3225:PMID
3089:ISBN
3027:PMID
2965:PMID
2899:PMID
2812:PMID
2571:and
2541:and
2416:and
2408:and
2348:and
2331:Diet
2276:and
2259:.
2178:and
1685:2022
1673:and
1546:spp.
1249:and
1229:and
1183:and
1159:and
874:and
868:2018
712:and
632:and
521:and
449:2009
435:and
336:long
257:2009
42:PreꞒ
3729:PMC
3719:doi
3652:doi
3594:doi
3582:312
3547:hdl
3539:doi
3497:doi
3441:hdl
3433:doi
3384:PMC
3376:doi
3332:PMC
3324:doi
3264:doi
3252:484
3215:PMC
3205:doi
3147:doi
3135:511
3058:doi
3017:PMC
3007:doi
2955:PMC
2945:doi
2933:113
2889:PMC
2881:doi
2877:277
2802:PMC
2794:doi
2790:277
2708:doi
2372:of
2294:of
1683:in
903:or
413:or
301:of
281:Li
251:Li
8068::
8046::
8033::
8020::
8005::
3853::
3844::
3737:.
3727:.
3717:.
3705:.
3701:.
3689:^
3666:.
3658:.
3648:38
3646:.
3624:}}
3620:{{
3608:.
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92:Pg
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2286:-
272:†
242:†
229:†
213:†
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
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