296:
2094:(Anno. 2009). Makimuku has also revealed wooden tools such as masks and a shield fragment. A large amount of pollen that would have been used to dye clothes was also found at the site of Makimuku. Clay pots and vases were also found at the site of Makimuku similar to ones found in other prefectures of Japan. Another site at Makimuku supporting the theory that Yamatai once existed there is, the possible burial site of Queen
2006:
2058:. The northern Kyushu theory doubts the description of distance and the central Kinki theory the direction. This has been a continuing debate over the past 200 years, involving not only professional historians, archeologists and ethnologists, but also many amateurs, and thousands of books and papers have been published. (1996:188)
1618:
mean "evil; depraved" and "horse", reflecting the contempt
Chinese felt for a barbarian country, and it is most unlikely that Chen Shou would have used a sacred word after these two characters. It is equally unlikely that a copyist could have confused the characters, because in their old form they do
512:
The Wa dwell on mountainous islands southeast of Han in the middle of the ocean, forming more than one hundred communities. From the time of the overthrow of
Chaoxian by Emperor Wu (B.C. 140-87), nearly thirty of these communities have held intercourse with the Han court by envoys or scribes. Each
481:
We confer upon you, therefore, the title 'Queen of Wa
Friendly to Wei', together with the decoration of the gold seal with purple ribbon. ...As a special gift, we bestow upon you three pieces of blue brocade with interwoven characters, five pieces of tapestry with delicate floral designs, fifty
846:
Next they gave birth to Great-Yamato-the-Luxuriant-Island-of-the-Dragon-Fly, another name for which is
Heavenly-August-Sky-Luxuriant-Dragon-Fly-Lord-Youth. The name of "Land-of-the-Eight-Great-Islands" therefore originated in these eight islands having been born first. (tr. Chamberlain
918:
Now when the time of birth arrived, first of all the island of Ahaji was reckoned as the placenta, and their minds took no pleasure in it. Therefore it received the name of Ahaji no Shima. Next there was produced the island of Oho-yamato no Toyo-aki-tsu-shima. (tr. Aston 1924
2053:
The question of whether the
Yamatai Kingdom was located in northern Kyushu or central Kinki prompted the greatest debate over the ancient history of Japan. This debate originated from a puzzling account of the itinerary from Korea to Yamatai in
449:. Here there are about fifty thousand households. Then going toward the south, one arrives at the country of Yamadai, where a Queen holds her court. takes ten days by water and one month by land. Among the officials there are the
1823:, which inevitably seems to be a transcription of some early linguistic form allied with the word Yamato. The phonology of this identification raises problems which after generations of study have yet to be settled. The final
2082:
historian
Takehiko Yoshida, interpret Yoshinogari as evidence for the Kyūshū Theory, many others support the Kinki Theory based on Yoshinogari clay vessels and the early development of Kofun (Saeki 2006).
2187:. Series: Language and Linguistics Monograph Series. 53 Ed. VanNess Simmons, Richard & Van Auken, Newell Ann. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. p. 255, 286
950:
spellings, but rather a logographic style of spelling, based on the pronunciation of the kanji using the native
Japanese vocabulary of the same meaning. For instance, the name
1022:. According to the legends, Himiko lived in a palace with 1,000 female handmaidens and one male servant who would feed her. This palace was most likely located at the site of
482:
lengths of white silk, eight taels of gold, two swords five feet long, one hundred bronze mirrors, and fifty catties each of jade and of red beads. (tr. Tsunoda 1951:14-15)
2920:
433:) meaning "platform; terrace." This history describes ancient Wa based upon detailed reports of 3rd-century Chinese envoys who traveled throughout the
269:). Generations of Japanese historians, linguists, and archeologists have debated where Yamatai was located and whether it was related to the later
2466:
2930:
2029:. Generations of historians have debated "the Yamatai controversy" and have hypothesized numerous localities, some of which are fanciful like
2293:
2521:
Pulleyblank, EG. 1991. "Lexicon of
Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin". UBC Press.
2335:
1676:
1957), and Middle
Chinese (William H. Baxter 1992). Note that Karlgren's "Archaic" is equivalent with "Middle" Chinese, and his "yod"
2595:
2538:
2260:
2224:
1242:
1, tr. Wilhelm 1967:371: "each thing receives its true nature and destiny and comes into permanent accord with the Great
Harmony.")
607:
1656:
pronunciations differ considerably from the original 3rd-7th century transcriptions from a transitional period between Archaic or
601:
and close to Dan'er. (倭國在百濟・新羅東南、水陸三千里、於大海之中、依山島而居。... 都於邪靡堆、則魏志所謂邪馬臺者也。古云、去樂浪郡境及帶方郡並一萬二千里、在會稽之東、與儋耳相近。) (81, tr. Tsunoda 1951:28)
2370:"Wednesday Campanella has released the music video for "Himiko," in which Utaha becomes a weather caster and predicts heavy rain"
513:
community has its king, whose office is hereditary. The King of Great Wa resides in the country of Yamadai. (tr. Tsunoda 1951:1)
2925:
2935:
665:
in Japanese, for their phonetic values. This usage is first seen in the 400s or 500s to spell out Japanese names, as on the
616:
542:
524:
493:
331:
2355:
2113:
342:
224:
1649:
295:
1606:
was one of their most sacred words, implying a religious-political sanctuary or the emperor's palace. The characters
2567:
Makimuku: were the huge buildings, neatly lined up, a palace? A discovery enlivens debate over the country Yamatai'
1118:
1986:
1827:
of the Middle Chinese form seems to be a transcription of some early form not otherwise recorded for the final
201:
2078:, which was thought to be a possible candidate for the location of Yamatai. While some scholars, most notably
1328:
758:加 character (hiragana from the cursive form of the kanji, and katakana from a simplification of the kanji).
2884:
2728:
1681:
1233:
1168:, the name given to "Japan" by Chinese writers using a character meaning "docile, submissive". During the
889:
792:
707:
556:
430:
406:
394:
373:
363:
237:
229:
2183:
Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" in
2915:
2752:
2747:
2588:
2111:
Yamatai, depicted as an isolated island somewhere in the Pacific, is the setting of the 2013 video game
1006:. The other officials of the country were also ranked under the queen, with the highest position called
999:
488:
308:
1819:
account of the Wo people is chiefly concerned with a kingdom which it calls Yeh-ma-t'ai, Middle Chinese
1619:
not look nearly as similar as in their modern printed form. Yamadai was Fan Yeh's creation. (1994:249)
2160:
2033:(Farris 1998:245). General consensus centers around two likely locations of Yamatai, either northern
1669:
1548:
851:
Chamberlain (1919:27) notes this poetic name "Island of the Dragon-fly" is associated with legendary
441:
Going south by water for twenty days, one comes to the country of Toma, where the official is called
434:
2369:
1172:(538-710) when Japanese place names were standardized into two-character compounds, the spelling of
2773:
1677:
245:
1033:
After Queen Himiko died, an unknown king became ruler of the country for a short period, and then
2118:
2030:
2010:
1807:
describes the phonological gap between these Middle Chinese reconstructions and the Old Japanese
1573:
1553:
1074:
718:. Irregularities within this awkward system led Japanese scribes to develop phonetically regular
692:
666:
594:
2448:
1285:
936:
2534:
2508:
2299:
2289:
2266:
2256:
2230:
2220:
1804:
1673:
1219:
650:
598:
590:
573:
Wa is situated in the middle of the great ocean southeast of Baekje and Silla, three thousand
2910:
2862:
2624:
2581:
2148:
2126:
2079:
2071:
2026:
1914:, like those of many Japanese words, remains uncertain. While scholars generally agree that
1704:
410:
219:
2387:
2185:
Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text
807:
675:
2723:
2708:
2692:
2099:
2075:
2038:
1846:
1027:
670:
270:
62:
2435:
Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures: Issues in the Historical Archaeology of Ancient Japan
2423:
946:, "Myriad Leaves Collection") transcribes various pieces of text using not the phonetic
2713:
2559:
Ambassadors from the Islands of Immortals: China-Japan Relations in the Han-Tang Period
1661:
1653:
1229:
1023:
885:
788:
711:
552:
465:. There are probably more than seventy thousands households. (115, tr. Tsunoda 1951:9)
2070:
remains uncertain. In 1989, archeologists discovered a giant Yayoi-era complex at the
2904:
2855:
2818:
2788:
2091:
852:
659:. The first texts actually in the Japanese language used Chinese characters, called
72:
2159:
and the Yamatai Kingdom are the subjects of the song "Himiko" by Japanese EDM group
473:
also records that in 238 CE, Queen Himiko sent an envoy to the court of Wei emperor
2889:
2778:
2661:
1395:
1169:
1145:
1086:
1056:
1034:
979:
893:
796:
577:
away by water and land. The people dwell on mountainous islands. ...The capital is
418:
209:
130:
2496:
Brocade by Night: 'Kokin Wakashū' and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry
2034:
2401:
773:, "Records of Ancient Matters") is the oldest extant book written in Japan. The "
2808:
2671:
2566:
2087:
1657:
1273:
1082:
864:
832:
719:
645:
519:
320:
312:
2146:
Yamtaikoku is the setting of the 2020/22 limited time event of the mobile game
2005:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1924:
957:
611:, completed 643-659 CE, contains a similar record, but transliterates the name
2879:
2833:
2803:
2634:
2139:
1978:
1164:
205:
2303:
1081:
diacritics distinguish two vocalic types within the proposed eight vowels of
2828:
2823:
2718:
2654:
2639:
2629:
2270:
2234:
1907:
1565:
1078:
815:
2573:
2552:, translated by Tsunoda, Ryusaku, South Pasadena, CA: PD & Ione Perkins
2046:
1580:, was writing about earlier events based on written sources. Hong says the
17:
2062:
The location of ancient Yamatai-koku and its relation with the subsequent
307:
The oldest accounts of Yamatai are found in the official Chinese dynastic
2783:
2676:
2649:
2644:
2609:
2550:
Japan in the Chinese Dynastic Histories: Later Han Through Ming Dynasties
2018:
1686:
751:
739:
684:
82:
2798:
2793:
826:
820:
774:
474:
397:) transcription in later texts and dismiss this initial spelling using
316:
2416:
2255:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
2025:
The location of Yamatai-koku is one of the most contentious topics in
1522:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1480:
1472:
1458:
1446:
1389:
1378:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1322:
1307:
1188:
969:
745:
733:
701:
424:
414:
400:
2838:
2813:
2666:
2340:
2156:
2134:
2095:
2067:
1665:
1515:
1452:
1261:
1238:
1183:
1003:
763:
655:
639:
253:
107:
1685:(which some browsers cannot display) is replaced with the customary
1635:
histories use at least 10 Chinese characters to transcribe Japanese
1527:"pile; heap". Concerning the transcriptional difference between the
533:), finished in 636 CE, records changing the capital's name from the
2388:"Remains of what appears to be Queen Himiko's palace found in Nara"
1572:, was writing about recent history based on personal observations;
2518:
Philippi, Donald L. (tr.) 1968. Kojiki. University of Tokyo Press.
2316:
Bentley, John (2008). "The Search for the Language of Yamatai" in
2063:
2042:
2004:
1250:
1158:
726:
were graphic simplifications of Chinese characters. For instance,
680:
661:
294:
252:
for "country", describing the place as the domain of Priest-Queen
931:"Island of Bountiful Harvests" or "Island of Bountiful Autumn").
2102:. Himiko was the ruler of Yamatai from c. 180 C.E.- c. 248 C.E.
923:
The translator Aston notes a literal meaning for the epithet of
842:, "Eight Great Islands") of Japan, the last of which was Yamato:
723:
2577:
2219:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. pp. 14–16.
1409:
The early Chinese histories above give three transcriptions of
2402:
Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to AD 697
2356:"Super Ancient Shinsengumi History GUDAGUDA Yamataikoku 2022"
673:. This gradually formalized over the 600s and 700s into the
585:. The old records say that it is altogether twelve thousand
1037:
reigned before Yamatai disappears from historical records.
1668:) with differing reconstructions of Early Middle Chinese (
615:
using a different character with a similar pronunciation (
2475:
Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia
2090:
suggests that Yamatai-koku was located near Makimuku in
2459:] (in French), Publications orientalistes de France
2442:
The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1, Ancient Japan
2124:
Yamatai appears as historic setting 1990's video game,
1497:"faithful, committed", which is also financial form of
1245:
The early Japanese texts above give three spellings of
1664:. The table below contrasts Modern pronunciations (in
1469:"evil; depraved". The second syllable is written with
1030:. She ruled for most of the known history of Yamatai.
679:
system, a rebus-like transcription that uses specific
502:) says the Wa kings lived in the country of Yamatai (
1869:). Tōdō Akiyasu reconstructs two pronunciations for
1463:, an interrogative sentence-final particle, and for
2872:
2847:
2763:
2737:
2701:
2685:
2617:
2457:
History of Japan – from origins to the end of Meiji
1858:represents a pre-Old Japanese form of Old Japanese
1443:). The first syllable is consistently written with
927:
of "rich harvest's" (or "rich autumn's") "island" (
910:. In this version of the Eight Great Islands myth,
162:
152:
140:
123:
113:
100:
88:
78:
68:
58:
32:
2453:Histoire du Japon – des origines à la fin de Meiji
2288:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 6–11.
714:and adopted into Japanese with the pronunciation
2179:
2177:
1977:"place". Bentley (2008) reconstructs underlying
1002:, Yamatai was originally ruled by the shamaness
2467:Paekche of Korea and the Origin of Yamato Japan
1596:("platform") 56 times, without confusing them.
2489:Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai
2086:The recent archeological discovery of a large
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1922:
1387:
1376:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1320:
1305:
1278:
1266:
1254:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:Following the ca. 757 graphic substitution of
1186:
1177:
1050:
967:
955:
941:
869:
837:
768:
743:
731:
706:, which means "to add", and was pronounced as
699:
564:
275:
258:
187:
42:
2589:
2336:"A Feminist Reviews Tomb Raider's Lara Croft"
1870:
1853:
1836:
1749:
1720:
1640:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1591:
1585:
1559:
1538:
1528:
1520:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1456:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1223:
1121:), which merged into the five modern vowels (
879:
855:, whose honorific name includes "Yamato", as
782:
620:
546:
528:
503:
497:
422:
398:
388:
367:
357:
347:
335:
8:
2596:
2582:
2574:
248:pronunciations) followed by the character
29:
2200:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 298, 299
2198:Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese
2121:. Queen Himiko is a key part of the plot.
1394:"track; trace". As noted further above,
2405:. 2 vols. Charles E Tuttle reprint 1972.
1694:
2513:Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction
2173:
1989:the transcription 邪馬臺's pronunciation *
1841:as a transcription of pre-Old Japanese
1485:"rub; friction". The third syllable of
2417:The Kojiki, Records of Ancient Matters
1623:He additionally cites Furuta that the
649:, were mainly written in a variant of
637:The first Japanese books, such as the
2484:. Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities.
2210:
2208:
2206:
2152:, prominently featuring Queen Himiko.
2049:. Imamura describes the controversy.
1018:, and the lowest-ranking position of
982:pronunciation rules caused the sound
874:, "Chronicles of Japan") transcribes
597:prefectures, and is situated east of
366:), written instead with the spelling
161:
151:
147:
122:
112:
99:
95:
87:
7:
2921:Former countries in Japanese history
2548:Goodrich, Carrington C, ed. (1951),
2415:Chamberlain, Basil Hall, tr. 1919.
2334:Pinchefsky, Carol (March 12, 2013).
2246:
2244:
1929:"mountains", they disagree whether -
1451:"a place name", which was used as a
2410:A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology
2009:Map illustrating the path from the
777:" section phonetically transcribes
698:using (among others) the character
2564:Hakkutsu sareta Nihon rett, 2010.
2251:Delmer M. Brown, ed. (1988–1999).
417:'one') as a miscopy, or perhaps a
380:in modern Japanese pronunciation.
25:
1505:, "one", and more commonly using
1069:, which has been associated with
914:is born second instead of eighth:
608:History of the Northern Dynasties
2487:Kidder, Jonathan Edward. 2007.
2419:. Charles E Tuttle reprint 1981.
2318:Japanese Language and Literature
1364:"fly; gallop". In contrast, the
998:According to the Chinese record
754:, both of which derive from the
537:recorded in the Book of Wei, to
2494:McCullough, Helen Craig. 1985.
2437:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
1489:is written in one variant with
978:, "footprint; track; trace").
563:(Japanese logographic spelling
2561:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
2533:] (in Japanese), Iwanami,
2505:. University of Chicago Press.
2491:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
2477:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
2253:The Cambridge history of Japan
2215:Sansom, George Bailey (1958).
1835:While most scholars interpret
621:
581:, known in the Wei history as
547:
529:
498:
352:), first mentions the country
336:
249:
241:
233:
204:name of an ancient country in
1:
2931:Tributaries of Imperial China
2444:. Cambridge University Press.
2433:Farris, William Wayne. 1998.
2137:are the main villains in the
1218:("great harmony"), using the
343:Records of the Three Kingdoms
311:for the 1st- and 2nd-century
225:Records of the Three Kingdoms
54:c. 1st century–c. 3rd century
2498:. Stanford University Press.
2399:Aston, William G, tr. 1924.
1969:"city; capital", or perhaps
1650:historical Chinese phonology
878:with the Chinese characters
589:distant from the borders of
2424:Mirrors to Japanese History
2017:, and its distances in the
1918:signifies Japan's numerous
1455:graphic-loan character for
1398:pronunciation rules caused
818:creation myth that the god
477:, who responded favorably:
228:first recorded the name as
2952:
2501:Miller, Roy Andrew. 1967.
2480:Karlgren, Bernhard. 1957.
2440:Hall, John Whitney. 1988.
2284:Huffman, James L. (2010).
2217:A history of Japan to 1334
1672:1991), "Archaic" Chinese (
1547:, Hong (1994:248-9) cites
1152:were first used in Japan,
795:and used to represent the
775:Birth of the Eight Islands
2422:Edwards, Walter. 1998. "
2408:Baxter, William H. 1992.
2196:Schuessler, Axel (2009).
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1923:
1871:
1854:
1845:, Miyake (2003:41) cites
1837:
1750:
1721:
1641:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1592:
1586:
1560:
1539:
1529:
1521:
1513:"platform; terrace" (cf.
1507:
1499:
1491:
1479:
1471:
1465:
1457:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1388:
1377:
1358:
1347:
1336:
1321:
1306:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1198:
1187:
1178:
1051:
968:
956:
942:
880:
870:
838:
783:
769:
744:
732:
700:
565:
504:
423:
399:
389:
368:
358:
348:
276:
259:
188:
172:
148:
136:
96:
53:
43:
2526:
2525:Saeki, Arikiyo (2006),
1831:of Yamato. (1967:17-18)
1576:, author of the ca. 432
1568:, author of the ca. 297
954:is sometimes spelled as
387:commentators accept the
340:), which is part of the
102:• c. 180–c. 248 AD
27:Ancient country in Japan
2764:Sites mentioned in the
2482:Grammata Serica Recensa
2473:Imamura. Keiji. 1996.
2470:. Kudara International.
1696:Chinese pronunciations
1600:During the Wei period,
1329:sentence-final particle
1119:Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
453:and, next in rank, the
244:) (using reconstructed
2926:States of the Wajinden
2729:Furuichi Kofun Cluster
2286:Japan in world history
2133:Yamatai and its queen
2100:Hashihaka burial mound
2060:
2022:
1849:that Late Old Chinese
1833:
1621:
921:
857:Kamu-yamato Iware-biko
849:
683:to represent Japanese
603:
515:
484:
467:
409:) meaning "one" (the
319:, and the 6th-century
304:
164:• Disestablished
2936:Former confederations
2753:Yamatai Kyushu Theory
2748:Yamatai Honshu Theory
2557:Wang Zhenping. 2005.
2503:The Japanese Language
2464:Hong, Wontack. 1994.
2051:
2008:
1813:
1712:Early Middle Chinese
1598:
1590:("one") 86 times and
1208:("docile"), the name
1156:was written with the
1000:Twenty-Four Histories
916:
844:
571:
510:
489:Book of the Later Han
479:
439:
356:, usually spelled as
309:Twenty-Four Histories
298:
69:Common languages
2412:. Mouton de Gruyter.
2324:, p. 11 of pp. 1-43.
2161:Wednesday Campanella
2119:2018 film adaptation
1670:Edwin G. Pulleyblank
1645:is not one of them.
986:to contract to just
808:Man'yōgana#chartable
691:spells the Japanese
445:and his lieutenant,
435:Japanese archipelago
411:anti-fraud character
2774:Black tooth country
2515:. Routledge Curzon.
1899:– and reads 邪馬臺 as
1697:
1678:palatal approximant
617:traditional Chinese
543:traditional Chinese
525:traditional Chinese
494:traditional Chinese
332:traditional Chinese
313:Eastern Han dynasty
246:Eastern Han Chinese
154:• Established
125:• c. 248–? AD
2744:Yamatai locations
2509:Miyake, Marc Hideo
2106:In popular culture
2045:region of central
2023:
2011:Daifeng commandery
1715:"Archaic" Chinese
1695:
1327:(an interrogative
1297:use Sino-Japanese
925:Toyo-aki-tsu-shima
830:gave birth to the
667:Eta Funayama Sword
315:, the 3rd-century
305:
2898:
2897:
2531:Yamataikoku ronsō
2295:978-0-19-536808-6
1805:Roy Andrew Miller
1802:
1801:
1674:Bernhard Karlgren
1353:"rise; mount" or
1220:Classical Chinese
1202:("peaceful") for
651:Classical Chinese
559:; interpreted as
195:(c. 1st century –
176:
175:
115:• c. 248 AD
16:(Redirected from
2943:
2863:Legend of Himiko
2625:Five kings of Wa
2598:
2591:
2584:
2575:
2553:
2543:
2460:
2449:Hérail, Francine
2395:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2331:
2325:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2212:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2181:
2149:Fate/Grand Order
2127:Legend of Himiko
2080:Seijo University
2072:Yoshinogari site
2027:Japanese history
1976:
1975:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1945:"track; trace",
1944:
1943:
1928:
1927:
1874:
1873:
1857:
1856:
1851:ʑ(h)a maaʳq dhəə
1840:
1839:
1753:
1752:
1724:
1723:
1705:Mandarin Chinese
1698:
1683:
1644:
1643:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1542:
1541:
1533:spelling in the
1532:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1326:
1325:
1311:
1310:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1269:
1258:
1257:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1193:("big; great").
1192:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1055:) descends from
1054:
1053:
1045:Modern Japanese
973:
972:
966:, "mountain") +
961:
960:
945:
944:
891:
884:, pronounced in
883:
882:
873:
872:
841:
840:
824:and the goddess
794:
787:, pronounced in
786:
785:
772:
771:
749:
748:
737:
736:
709:
705:
704:
687:. For instance,
628:
627:
568:
567:
558:
550:
549:
532:
531:
507:
506:
501:
500:
432:
428:
427:
408:
404:
403:
396:
392:
391:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
360:
351:
350:
339:
338:
281:
279:
278:
268:
264:
262:
261:
251:
243:
239:
235:
231:
217:
214:
208:during the late
199:
196:
193:
191:
190:
48:
46:
45:
30:
21:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2868:
2843:
2759:
2733:
2724:Inariyama Kofun
2709:Hashihaka Kofun
2697:
2693:Civil War of Wa
2681:
2613:
2602:
2547:
2541:
2528:
2524:
2447:
2392:The Japan Times
2386:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2315:
2311:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2227:
2214:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2108:
2076:Saga Prefecture
2039:Yamato Province
2003:
1863:
1847:Alexander Vovin
1709:Middle Chinese
1660:and Ancient or
1551:
1549:Furuta Takehiko
1402:to contract to
1383:"mountain" and
1228:(pronounced in
1176:was changed to
1148:(250-538) when
1067:
1043:
1028:Nara prefecture
996:
934:The c. 600-759
908:
901:
804:
671:Inariyama Sword
635:
486:The ca. 432 CE
293:
288:
273:
266:
256:
215:
213:(c. 1,000 BCE –
212:
198:c. 3rd century)
197:
194:
185:
165:
155:
126:
116:
103:
49:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2714:Makimuku ruins
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2545:
2539:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2462:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2397:
2394:, Nov 11, 2009
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2361:
2347:
2326:
2309:
2294:
2276:
2261:
2240:
2225:
2202:
2189:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2144:
2131:
2122:
2107:
2104:
2002:
1999:
1953:"gate; door",
1861:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1662:Middle Chinese
1654:Modern Chinese
1368:uses Japanese
1230:Middle Chinese
1065:
1042:
1041:Pronunciations
1039:
1010:, followed by
995:
992:
906:
899:
886:Middle Chinese
802:
789:Middle Chinese
712:Middle Chinese
634:
633:Japanese texts
631:
553:Middle Chinese
421:avoidance, of
328:Records of Wèi
326:The c. 297 CE
292:
289:
287:
284:
174:
173:
170:
169:
168:c. 3rd century
166:
163:
160:
159:
158:c. 1st century
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2948:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Geumgwan Gaya
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2540:4-00-430990-5
2536:
2532:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2262:0-521-22352-0
2258:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2226:0-8047-0522-4
2222:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2143:anime series.
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:Sakurai, Nara
2089:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1597:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:was correct.
1555:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1474:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1331:in Chinese),
1330:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1236:, as used in
1231:
1221:
1211:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:, adding the
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:. The latter
1072:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
993:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
949:
939:
938:
932:
930:
926:
920:
915:
913:
909:
902:
895:
887:
877:
867:
866:
860:
858:
854:
853:Emperor Jimmu
848:
843:
835:
834:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
798:
790:
780:
776:
766:
765:
759:
757:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
703:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:
672:
668:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
648:
647:
642:
641:
632:
630:
625:
618:
614:
610:
609:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
570:
562:
554:
544:
540:
536:
526:
522:
521:
514:
509:
495:
491:
490:
483:
478:
476:
472:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
438:
436:
426:
420:
416:
412:
402:
386:
381:
379:
355:
345:
344:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
297:
291:Chinese texts
290:
285:
283:
272:
255:
247:
227:
226:
221:
211:
207:
203:
202:Sino-Japanese
184:
180:
171:
167:
157:
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
118:
109:
105:
91:
84:
81:
77:
74:
73:Proto-Japonic
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
52:
39:
31:
19:
2916:Yayoi period
2861:
2854:
2779:Chikushikoku
2765:
2608:
2604:
2565:
2558:
2549:
2530:
2512:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2452:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2364:
2350:
2339:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2285:
2279:
2252:
2216:
2197:
2192:
2184:
2147:
2138:
2125:
2112:
2085:
2066:-era Yamato
2061:
2055:
2052:
2024:
2014:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1981:'s endonym *
1934:
1930:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:< Middle
1876:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1821:i̯a-ma-t'ḁ̂i
1820:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1689:
1680:
1647:
1636:
1633:Xin Tang Shu
1632:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1599:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1544:
1534:
1514:
1486:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1396:Old Japanese
1384:
1373:
1372:readings of
1369:
1365:
1354:
1343:
1342:"hemp", and
1332:
1317:
1313:
1302:
1301:readings of
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1246:
1244:
1237:
1212:was spelled
1209:
1195:
1173:
1170:Asuka period
1163:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:Kofun period
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:Old Japanese
1070:
1063:
1059:
1057:Old Japanese
1046:
1044:
1032:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1004:Queen Himiko
997:
987:
983:
980:Old Japanese
975:
963:
951:
947:
935:
933:
928:
924:
922:
917:
911:
904:
897:
894:Old Japanese
875:
863:
861:
856:
850:
845:
831:
825:
819:
814:records the
811:
800:
797:Old Japanese
778:
762:
760:
755:
727:
715:
695:
688:
674:
660:
654:
644:
638:
636:
623:
612:
606:
604:
586:
582:
578:
574:
572:
560:
557:/jiamuɑtuʌi/
538:
534:
518:
516:
511:
487:
485:
480:
470:
468:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
440:
419:naming taboo
413:variant for
395:/*ja-ma-də̂/
384:
382:
377:
374:/*ja-ma-ʔit/
364:/*ja-ma-də̂/
353:
341:
327:
325:
306:
300:
299:Text of the
238:/*ja-ma-ʔit/
230:/*ja-ma-də̂/
223:
210:Yayoi period
183:Yamatai-koku
182:
178:
177:
119:Unknown king
38:Yamatai-koku
37:
2809:Matsurokoku
2672:Kukochihiko
2114:Tomb Raider
2088:stilt house
1701:Characters
1658:Old Chinese
1629:Hou Han Shu
1582:San Guo Zhi
1578:Hou Han Shu
1552: [
1545:Hou Han Shu
1477:"horse" or
1431:Hou Han Shu
1312:"night" or
1295:Nihon Shoki
1274:Nihon Shoki
1222:expression
1144:During the
1083:Nara period
890:/jiamˠadəŋ/
865:Nihon Shoki
793:/jiamˠatəŋ/
761:The c. 712
730:is written
720:syllabaries
646:Nihon Shoki
520:Book of Sui
461:, then the
457:; then the
321:Sui dynasty
317:Wei kingdom
216:c. 300 CE).
18:Yamataikoku
2905:Categories
2890:Sea People
2834:Tsukaikoku
2819:Shin'okoku
2804:Kununokuni
2428:Archeology
2168:References
2140:Steel Jeeg
1987:underlying
1983:yama-tǝ(ɨ)
1937:signifies
1883:< Old *
1772:jamuâtuḁ̂i
1743:jama:t'ḁ̂i
1738:jiamaɨ'dəj
1085:(710-794)
1035:Queen Toyo
994:Government
948:man'yōgana
806:(see also
756:Man'yōgana
722:. The new
689:man'yōgana
676:Man'yōgana
206:Wa (Japan)
89:King/Queen
79:Government
2829:Toumakoku
2824:Shujukoku
2719:Ukikunden
2304:323161049
1991:ja-maˀ-dǝ
1908:etymology
1767:jiamatwəj
1566:Chen Shou
1366:Man'yōshū
1286:Man'yōshū
1079:subscript
1016:mimagushi
937:Man'yōshū
816:Shintoist
459:mimagushi
303:(ca. 297)
267:c. 248 CE
2873:See also
2784:Fumikoku
2766:Wajinden
2738:Theories
2677:Himikoko
2610:Wajinden
2607:and the
2511:. 2003.
2451:(1986),
2271:17483588
2235:36820223
2117:and its
2019:Wajinden
2001:Location
1961:"door",
1817:Wei chih
1762:yæmatwoj
1537:and the
1400:yama ato
1370:kun'yomi
1024:Makimuku
984:yama ato
905:ya ma do
898:ya ma to
862:The 720
847:1919:23)
833:Ōyashima
801:ya ma to
752:katakana
740:hiragana
685:phonemes
447:miminari
378:Yamaichi
83:Monarchy
2911:Yamatai
2799:Itokoku
2794:Ikikoku
2605:Yamatai
2381:Sources
2098:at the
2056:Wei-shu
2041:in the
2031:Okinawa
2015:Yamatai
1843:yamatai
1797:d'âiɣuâ
1757:yémóduī
1733:yæmædoj
1728:yémǎtái
1625:Wei Zhi
1570:Wei Zhi
1543:in the
1535:Wei Zhi
1519:臺灣) or
1487:Yamatai
1441:Sui Shu
1433:), and
1421:Wei Zhi
1411:Yamatai
1299:on'yomi
1289:). The
1277:), and
1234:/dɑɦuɑ/
1071:Yamatai
1014:, then
1012:mimasho
892:and in
827:Izanami
821:Izanagi
810:). The
669:or the
653:called
613:Yamadai
595:Daifang
583:Yamatai
579:Yamadai
539:Yamadai
535:Yamatai
475:Cao Rui
471:Wei Zhi
455:mimasho
385:Wei Zhi
354:Yamatai
301:Wei Zhi
286:History
220:Chinese
200:is the
179:Yamatai
141:History
59:Capital
34:Yamatai
2856:Himiko
2839:Wakoku
2814:Nakoku
2686:Events
2667:Himiko
2618:People
2537:
2527:邪馬台国論争
2341:Forbes
2302:
2292:
2269:
2259:
2233:
2223:
2157:Himiko
2155:Queen
2135:Himiko
2096:Himiko
2068:polity
2047:Honshū
2035:Kyūshū
1993:> *
1933:< -
1912:Yamato
1895:< *
1867:yamatə
1860:yamato
1809:Yamatö
1792:dajɣwa
1787:dajhwa
1666:Pinyin
1652:, the
1639:, but
1631:, and
1574:Fan Ye
1516:Taiwan
1453:jiajie
1404:yamato
1291:Kojiki
1262:Kojiki
1247:Yamato
1239:Yijing
1210:Yamato
1184:prefix
1174:Yamato
1162:倭 for
1154:Yamatö
1137:, and
1117:, see
1113:, and
1075:umlaut
1064:Yamato
1060:Yamatö
1047:Yamato
1020:nakato
988:yamato
952:Yamato
912:Yamato
876:Yamato
812:Kojiki
799:morae
779:Yamato
764:Kojiki
656:kanbun
640:Kojiki
599:Kuaiji
591:Lelang
561:Yamato
463:nakato
376:), or
271:Yamato
265:(died
254:Himiko
144:
129:Queen
108:Himiko
106:Queen
92:
63:Yamato
2885:Wajin
2848:Media
2702:Sites
2529:[
2455:[
2430:51.3.
2064:Kofun
2043:Kinki
1916:Yama-
1901:Yamai
1897:d̥iǝg
1891:<
1584:uses
1558:that
1556:]
1251:kanji
1159:ateji
1150:kanji
1109:, ë,
1008:ikima
919:1:13)
708:/kˠa/
681:kanji
662:kanji
451:ikima
431:/dʌi/
407:/ʔit/
383:Most
236:) or
222:text
2662:Toyo
2655:Dei?
2635:Chin
2535:ISBN
2322:42.1
2300:OCLC
2290:ISBN
2267:OCLC
2257:ISBN
2231:OCLC
2221:ISBN
1995:-dǝɨ
1920:yama
1906:The
1893:yiei
1887:and
1825:-ḁ̂i
1815:The
1782:dàhé
1612:and
1374:yama
1293:and
964:yama
929:i.e.
871:日本書紀
742:and
724:kana
710:in
693:mora
605:The
593:and
517:The
505:邪馬臺國
469:The
443:mimi
218:The
189:邪馬台国
131:Toyo
44:邪馬台国
2640:Sai
2630:San
2426:",
2074:in
2037:or
2013:to
1985:as
1910:of
1885:dǝg
1881:dǝi
1877:dai
1855:邪馬臺
1838:邪馬臺
1778:大和
1751:邪摩堆
1722:邪馬臺
1687:IPA
1648:In
1561:邪馬壹
1540:邪馬臺
1530:邪馬壹
1436:邪摩堆
1426:邪馬臺
1423:),
1416:邪馬壹
1385:ato
1316:or
1268:耶麻騰
1265:),
1256:夜麻登
1249:in
1232:as
1141:).
1077:or
1062:or
1026:in
976:ato
943:万葉集
903:or
896:as
888:as
881:耶麻騰
839:大八州
791:as
784:夜麻登
781:as
770:古事記
750:in
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643:or
629:).
548:邪靡堆
499:後漢書
390:邪馬臺
369:邪馬壹
359:邪馬臺
349:三國志
277:大和国
260:卑弥呼
242:邪馬壹
234:邪馬臺
181:or
2907::
2880:Wa
2650:Bu
2645:Ko
2569:'.
2390:,
2338:.
2320:,
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2265:.
2243:^
2229:.
2205:^
2176:^
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1935:tö
1931:to
1903:.
1889:yi
1875:–
1865:(*
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1682:i̯
1637:to
1627:,
1554:ja
1413::
1406:.
1355:do
1344:to
1333:ma
1318:ja
1314:ya
1303:ya
1280:山蹟
1253::
1225:大和
1215:大和
1179:大倭
1165:Wa
1133:,
1129:,
1125:,
1105:,
1101:,
1097:,
1093:,
1052:大和
990:.
859:.
728:ka
716:ka
696:ka
619::
587:li
575:li
569:):
566:大和
555::
551:,
545::
530:隋書
527::
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337:魏志
334::
323:.
282:.
2597:e
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2583:v
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2461:.
2396:.
2372:.
2358:.
2344:.
2306:.
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2237:.
2163:.
2130:.
2021:.
1973:所
1965:都
1957:戸
1949:門
1941:跡
1925:山
1872:䑓
1862:2
1690:j
1642:臺
1615:馬
1609:邪
1603:臺
1593:臺
1587:壹
1523:堆
1509:臺
1501:一
1493:壹
1481:摩
1473:馬
1466:邪
1459:耶
1447:邪
1439:(
1429:(
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1390:跡
1379:山
1360:騰
1349:登
1338:麻
1323:耶
1308:夜
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1259:(
1205:倭
1199:和
1189:大
1139:o
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1131:u
1127:i
1123:a
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1111:o
1107:e
1103:u
1099:ï
1095:i
1091:a
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970:蹟
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958:山
940:(
907:2
900:2
868:(
836:(
803:2
767:(
746:カ
734:か
702:加
626:堆
624:摩
622:邪
541:(
523:(
492:(
437::
429:(
425:臺
415:一
405:(
401:壹
393:(
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330:(
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250:國
240:(
232:(
192:)
186:(
47:)
41:(
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