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earth during the month-long occasion. This means that practitioners take extra precautions and caution others of making important decisions when it comes to relationships, professions, businesses, and finances. People avoid practices like, making life-changing decisions, getting married or engaged, starting new businesses, moving to a new home, traveling, signing contracts, making impulsive major financial decisions, committing to big professional projects, inaugurations, buying or selling off high priced possessions such as cars, phones, or real estate properties, staying late out at night especially kids and elderlies, making noise or whistling at night, leaving food or hanging clothes out after sunset and leaving them overnight since their human-like shape may invite spirits, or even taking pictures at night, wearing black clothes, tapping people on the head or shoulders as it may affect their luck, picking up coins or strange items you find since these may belong to the dead, or even constantly talking to oneself, or going to cemeteries alone, or answering unknown whispers or sobbing, or being constantly close to bodies of water, or constantly talking about ghosts or death. Besides these many avoidances, practitioners also make offerings and prayers for the souls of the dead, such as burning
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vassa. From ancient times to even today, the monastic community of Tibet, Nepal and
Southeast Asia still follow this schedule to observe vassa. This custom was also transmitted to China which does not have a rainy season, the calendar and dates preserved unchanged from the original but instead of using the ancient Indian calendar, the lunar Chinese calendar is used. In China, Japan, the Korean peninsula and other East Asian regions, vassa starts on the fourth month of the lunar Chinese calendar (May (in the Gregorian calendar) and lasts 3 months.' .
53:
1188:. Joss paper items are believed to have value in the afterlife, considered to be very similar in some aspects to the material world. Families pay tribute to wandering ghosts of strangers so that these homeless souls do not intrude on their lives and bring misfortune. A large feast is held for the ghosts on the day of the ghost festival or thereabouts, when people bring samples of food and place them on an altar or outside a temple or house, to please the ghosts and ward off bad luck.
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2147:(T. 16, no. 686, 780a20), indicates clearly that this sutra is not apocryphal but a genuine translation, because only somebody who knew the original Indian form was able to transliterate it thus correctly into Chinese. In conclusion, I assume that this sutra is not apocryphal, but a translation from an Indian text translated by Dharmarakṣa or somebody else in pre-Kumārajīva times .
1562:. The first day of the month is marked by opening the gate of a temple, symbolizing the gates of hell. On the twelfth day, lamps on the main altar are lit. On the thirteenth day, a procession of lanterns is held. On the fourteenth day, a parade is held for releasing water lanterns. Incense and food are offered to the spirits to deter them from visiting homes and
2170:'Both the East Asian Urabon and Southeast Asian Wan Ok Phansa are celebrated on the 15th day of the seventh month, the day of Pravāraṇā just as it was promulgated in Lord Buddha's time (in Japan, this matter is not known to people). In Southeast Asian countries, they use the ancient Indian calendar as opposed to East Asian countries where they use the
1538:, and laying out food like fruits and drinks on home or temple altars or cemetery tombs or graves or mausoleums of deceased relatives that people during this month also start to visit. Some people also start to hold memorial services to deceased relatives or ancestors held either at home or at a Chinese temple, a church or
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or hungry ghost realm. She was in a wasted condition and
Maudgalyayana tried to help her by giving her a bowl of rice. Unfortunately as a preta, she was unable to eat the rice as it was transformed into burning coal. Maudgalyayana then asks the Buddha to help him; whereupon Buddha explains how one
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and is viewed as a time for the pardoning of condemned souls who are released from hell. The "homeless" should be "fed" and appeased with offerings of food. Merits for the living are also earned by the release of birds and fish. The lunar month in which the festival takes place is colloquially known
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which are then transformed back into the equivalent goods in the world of the hungry ghosts. The offering that is offered on the seventh day, comes a day after personalized food offerings are given in the garden to the spirit of the deceased relative, which occurs on the sixth day. The deceased who
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as a sizable amount of investors stop investing and put off their investments for later dates past the occasion. Generally, those who observe it find it to be a very unlucky time of the year, as traditional belief states that the souls of dead relatives, wandering souls or vengeful spirits roam the
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hold ceremonies to relieve ghosts from suffering, many of them holding ceremonies in the afternoon or at night (as it is believed that the ghosts are released from hell when the sun sets). Altars are built for the deceased and priests and monks alike perform rituals for the benefit of ghosts. Monks
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is burnt in front of the doors of households. Incense stands for prosperity in
Chinese culture, so families believe that there is more prosperity in burning more incense. During the festival, some shops are closed as they want to leave the streets open for the ghosts. In the middle of each street
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Fourteen days after the festival, to make sure all the hungry ghosts find their way back to hell, people float water lanterns and set them outside their houses. These lanterns are made by setting a lotus flower-shaped lantern on a paper boat. The lanterns are used to direct the ghosts back to the
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In some East Asian countries today, live performances are held and everyone is invited to attend. The first row of seats are always empty as this is where the ghosts sit. The shows are always put on at night and at high volumes as the sound is believed to attract and please the ghosts. Some shows
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English
Translation: 'From the Buddhist viewpoint, based on the Ancient Indian calendar (New Years is in the middle of March to the middle of April ) the 15th day of the fourth month (June to July ) or the 15th day of the fifth month (July to August ) is the start of three month period called
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On p. 302 'Although this sutra has often been regarded as apocryphal , the contents and ideas in it are well rooted in India as we have seen above. In addition to that, the vocabulary and usage of
Chinese words are more archaic, compared with Kumārajīva's corpus (401-413 CE), while they
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are opened up and ghosts are free to roam the earth where they seek food and entertainment. These ghosts are believed to be spirits of those without descendants (or, traditionally, without descendants in the male line) or whose descendants did not pay tribute to them after they died. They are
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form of material items such as clothes, gold, and other fine goods for the visiting spirits of the ancestors. Elaborate meals (often vegetarian) would be served with empty seats for each of the deceased in the family treating the deceased as if they are still living. Ancestor worship is what
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in
Chinese, is a ceremony held at the end of the three-month rainy season retreat by Buddhist monks. In Theravada Buddhism and in Nepal, it was and is still held on the full moon day of the seventh or eight month. i.e. Āśvina (September–October) or Kārttika (October–November)
1417:(Scrambling prayer). Observers gather around temples and bring an offering to a spirit who died in an unlucky way, and after that, they distribute it to the poor. The way people scramble the offerings is the origin of the festival name, and the festival is mostly known in
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In Sri Lanka, food offerings are made to the hungry ghosts on the seventh day, three months and one year after the death day of a deceased person. It is a ceremony conducted after death as part of traditional Sri Lankan
Buddhist funeral rites and is known as
2399:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press: 1988. Hungry ghosts, by contrast, are a much more exceptional case, and would only occur in very unfortunate circumstances, such as if a whole family were killed or when a family no longer venerated their ancestors.
1340:). They are performed by groups of singers, dancers, entertainers, and opera troops or puppet shows on a temporary stage that is set up within a residential district. The festival is funded by the residents of each individual district. During these
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in order to escape the Yuan troops, celebrated the Ghost
Festival one day earlier, in order to escape disaster they fled southward. Since that time and continuing today, the date of the Ghost Festival changed to the 14th day of the 7th month'
1917:, is the Japanese version of the Ghost Festival. It has since been transformed over time into a family reunion holiday during which people from the big cities return to their home towns and visit and clean the resting places of their ancestors.
970:
distinguishes
Qingming Festival from Ghost Festival because the latter includes paying respects to all deceased, including the same and younger generations, while the former only includes older generations. Other festivities may include
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occurs generally in
September or October. Cambodians pay their respects to deceased relatives up to seven generations. The gates of hell are believed to open during this period and many people make offerings to these hungry ghosts.
1940:, it is celebrated as in China, on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month. In 2019, Obon was held on the same date in Kansai, Okinawa, and the Amami Islands, as August 15 on that year, was also the 15th day of the 7th lunar month.
1642:
In modern times, Vu Lan is also seen as Parents' Day. People with living parents would bear a red rose and would give thanks while those without can choose to bear a white rose; and attend services to pray for the deceased.
1175:. It also falls at the same time as a full moon, the new season, the fall harvest, the peak of Buddhist monastic asceticism, the rebirth of ancestors, and the assembly of the local community. During this month, the gates of
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the front row is left empty for the special guests—the ghosts. It is known to be bad luck to sit on the front row of red seats, if anyone were to sit on them, they would become sick or similarly ailed.
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usually occurs in September each year and goes on for two weeks. During this period, it is believed that hungry ghosts are freed from hell and enter the world of the living. A second festival known as
1501:) and paper-based goods like paper house, paper horse, paper car, etc., which will end up being burned as it is believed that burned goods will be sent to help the spirits feel better in afterlife.
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1832:, is an annual event in Japan on the 15th day of the 7th month, when people give gifts, especially to their superiors. Originally it was an annual event for giving gifts to the ancestral spirits.
957:, where traditionally the filial piety of descendants extends to their ancestors even after their deaths. Activities during the month would include preparing ritualistic food offerings, burning
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2211:'對佛教徒來說，自古印度年曆（元旦相當於公曆三月中至四月中）四月十五日（公曆六至七月）或五月十五日（公曆七至八月）開始的三個月是雨安居。直至今天，西藏、尼泊爾、東南亞地區的僧人依然在此期間行雨安居。這一習俗也傳到沒有雨季的中國大陸中原地域，年曆和數字被原封不動地保留下來，但由印度年曆變為中國太陰曆。在中國、日本、朝鮮半島等東亞地區，雨安居從陰曆四月（公曆五月）開始，持續三個月。
1789:. Like related festivals and traditions in other parts of Asia, the deceased are believed to come back to earth for fifteen days and people make offerings to them. The festival is known as
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and celebrations typically last over two weeks, often in the form of specific food and religious offerings along with festivities. The festival date is often calculated according to the
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and is in part the basis behind the practice of the concept in Theravadin societies. The concept of offering food to the hungry ghosts is also found in early Buddhist literature, in the
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to ward off the floating spirits. The rite is also practiced in Thailand and Myanmar and is also practiced during the Ghost Festival that is observed in other Asian countries.
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is also burnt as an offering. During the month, people avoid surgery, buying cars, swimming, moving house, marrying, whistling, and going out or taking pictures after dark.
2163:東アジアの盂蘭盆と東南アジアのワン・オ一クパンサーなどは、いずれも、釈尊の時代に規定された様に七月十五日の自恣の日を祝っているのだが（日本ではこのことはすでに意識されていない）、東南アジアでは古代インドの暦に基づいて行われるのに対し、東アジアでは、中国の太陰暦に従っているので、ニケ月の差があり、これらが同一の行事ということに気付く人は少ない。
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Images and a documentary film by Ingmar Heise and Han Zhang "The Spirit's Happy Days: Buddhist Festivals for the Dead in Southeast China" can be downloaded there.
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says that if the ancestors are content with the shraddhas, they will bestow health, wealth, knowledge and longevity, and ultimately heaven and salvation (
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942:(in autumn) in which living descendants pay homage to their deceased ancestors, during Ghost Festival, the deceased are believed to visit the living.
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shows. Traditionally Chinese opera was the main source of entertainment but the newer shows, concerts, dramas, wars, and so forth are referred to as
1084:), which usually occurs on the 15th day of the seventh month whereby the monastic community transfers the merits to the deceased parents, etc.,
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is able to assist one's current parents and deceased parents in this life and in one's past seven lives by willingly offering food, etc., to the
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also play a role in the rise of the concept in the Theravada tradition. Similarly to the rise of the concept in Mahayana Buddhism, a version of
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gave rise to the idea of offering food to the hungry ghosts in the Theravada tradition as a form of merit-making. In stories published in the
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Concert-like performances are a prominent feature of the Ghost Festival in Singapore and Malaysia. Those live concerts are popularly known as
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and uses his newfound powers to search for his deceased parents. Maudgalyayana discovers that his deceased mother was reborn into the
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which its observance has since spread to other Filipinos that have become aware of it, since it reverberates economically through the
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3966:, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai English Tripitaka Series, Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, pp. 17–44,
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says, "there is no salvation for a man without a son". The scriptures preach that a householder should propitiate ancestors
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Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advance Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2012
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This article is about the Chinese festival and its related traditions. For the festival in the Thai province of Loei, see
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is celebrated between September and October in Thailand especially in southern Thailand, particularly in the province of
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of Indonesia, ancestors who have died and cremated are said to return to visit their former homes. This day is known as
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2174:. As there is a two month difference between the two calendars, few people realized that the two are the same event.'
2138:(EH pat γwa la > MC pwât γwâ lâ} of Skt. pravāra (ṇā), which only occurs in this sutra and its adaptation, i.e. the
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and priests often throw rice or other small foods into the air in all directions to distribute them to the ghosts.
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desperately hungry, thirsty, and restless as a result. Family members offer food and drink to the ghosts and burn
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2020:
1924:, Obon has existed in Japan for more than 500 years. In modern Japan, it is held on July 15 in the eastern part (
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2107:'The Ghost Festival originally was on the 15th day of the 7th month in the lunar calendar, but during the late
1466:) like those in Malaysia and Singapore, and there are also times when observers conduct Tomb sweeping known as
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on water, which signifies giving directions to the lost ghosts and spirits of the ancestors and other deities.
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would perform rituals to transmute and absolve the sufferings of the deceased. Intrinsic to the Ghost Month is
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around August to September. The month-long observances are mostly traditionally practiced and originated by
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871:), the Ghost Festival is on the 15th night of the seventh month (14th in parts of southern China).
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resemble greatly the translations by Dharmarakṣa (fl. 265?-311 CE). Moreover, the transliteration
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As a Buddhist festival: The origin story of the modern Ghost Festival, ultimately originated from
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On the fifteenth day the realms of Heaven and Hell and the realm of the living are open and both
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3557:"Ancestors - Dictionary definition of Ancestors | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary"
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Buddhist Rituals of Death and Rebirth: Contemporary Sri Lankan Practice and Its Origins
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4067:[The Real Meaning of Urabon –The Solution to a 1400 Year Misunderstanding],
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3343:"Visitors from hell: transformative hospitality to ghosts in a Lao Buddhist festival"
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underworld, and when they go out, it symbolizes that they have found their way back.
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1620:- the month of lonely spirits, and believed to be haunted and particularly unlucky.
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Pearce, Callum (2013). "Buddhist funeral cultures of Southeast Asia and China".
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Hong Kong University Library Digital Archives Oral History Project of Hong Kong
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Investigation of Ghost Month - Zhong Yuan, Ullambana and Hungry Ghost Festivals
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countries, related traditions, ceremonies, and festivals also occur. Like its
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1041:), which the name "Zhong Yuan" comes from. The festival flourished during the
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1192:-shaped lanterns are lit and set afloat in rivers to symbolically guide lost
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Bandō, Shōjun, ed. (2005), "The Ullambana Sutra (Taishō Vol. 16, No. 685)",
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stands an altar of incense with fresh fruit and sacrifices displayed on it.
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BC. The Petavatthu account is broadly similar to that later recorded in the
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As a Taoist festival: Taoism has the "Three Yuan" theory (representing the
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Ritual: Magical Celebrations of Nature and Community from Around the World
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878:, the fifteenth day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar is called
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4003:] (in Traditional Chinese), Hong Kong: Chung Hwa Books (Hong Kong),
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Sacred Biography in the Buddhist Traditions of South and Southeast Asia
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c.f. p 301 for derivation of Yulan from Middle Indic (Gandhari) *olana.
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2833:
2751:"Lifestyle: The Budgetarian: Money Do's and Don'ts during Ghost Month"
2570:"Hungry Ghost Festival". Essortment, 2002. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
1793:
to differentiate it from the Chinese Ghost Festival which is known as
1661:-origins in Mahayana Buddhist countries, the Theravada scripture, the
5750:
5705:
4748:
4591:
4487:
4214:
Zhong Yuan Jie (Hungry Ghost Festival) - INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
2885:
1996:
1972:
1929:
1901:
1882:: placing candle-lit lanterns for the dead into flowing water during
1849:
1602:
1551:
1457:
1306:
1224:
1073:
1023:
895:
844:
74:
58:
3052:
Discovering Craft Villages in Vietnam: Ten Itineraries Around Hà Nội
2089:
Chow, page 4, quoting 1783 Qianlong era "Annals of Guishan County" (
1733:. During this period, food offerings are made to the hungry ghosts.
1470:
to respect ancestor spirits and garner luck. This is done by buying
3342:
2788:"Lifestyle: Why Does *Everything* Seem To Stop During Ghost Month?"
5462:
4926:
4887:
4581:
4284:
2116:
1980:
1873:
1756:
1684:, where Maudgalyayana is replaced by Sariputta is recorded in the
1622:
1591:
1573:
1282:
1269:
1255:
1247:
1213:
1162:
1081:
1068:
1010:
930:
1596:
Buddhists and monks prepare to water lanterns on the occasion of
5630:
4892:
3715:
3713:
2990:"Ghost Month effects cause Taiwan car sales to plunge in August"
2550:. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 71–79.
2008:
1883:
1426:
1193:
1176:
924:
125:
5337:
4930:
4257:
1578:
Various food items being sacrificed for the wandering souls in
1627:
A white and a red rose issued to guests at a Lễ Vu Lan service
1550:
Traditionally, it is believed that ghosts haunt the island of
703:
527:
4126:(in Traditional Chinese) (114), translated by Qiu, Yun Qing (
2100:鬼節原是農曆七月十五，但元末明初之際，有言客家為了躲避元兵，提前一日過節，以便南下走難，自此鬼節就變成七月十四，流傳至今。
813:
796:
782:
503:
486:
472:
5333:
2908:
1171:
The Ghost Festival is held during the seventh month of the
128:
and Heaven, permitting all ghosts to receive food and drink
4236:"The Hungry Ghosts Festival in Aberdeen Street, Hong Kong"
3681:
Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Japanese Culture
3091:
Gods and Rollercoasters: Religion in Theme Parks Worldwide
1063:. The sutra records the time when Maudgalyayana achieves
2929:"13 unlucky taboos to evade during Ghost Month in Taiwan"
2874:
1779:
In Thailand, a fifteen-day-long annual festival known as
1706:
In Cambodia, a fifteen-day-long annual festival known as
677:
663:
448:
434:
1554:
for the entire seventh lunar month, when the mid-summer
2960:"Hungry Ghost Festival 2022: 7 Things You Shouldn't Do"
1517:, as it affects the entire seventh lunar month of the
914:) and the seventh month is generally regarded as the
4243:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch
3264:
Tibetan Rituals of Death: Buddhist Funerary Practices
642:
626:
612:
598:
488:
Tiong-guân-tseh / Tiong-guân-tsueh / Tiong-guân-tsiat
474:
Tiong-goân-cheh / Tiong-goân-choeh / Tiong-goân-chiat
392:
378:
364:
350:
4208:
The Bristol University Buddhist Death Ritual Project
4038:
Karashima, Seishi (2013a), "The Meaning of Yulanpen
2415:(in Chinese) (1st ed.). Taipei: 將門文物出版社. 2001.
2011:
and some parts of Indonesia, particularly among the
5718:
5679:
5619:
5610:
5553:
5513:
5423:
5373:
5262:
5222:
4964:
4853:
4830:
4782:
4728:
4702:
4677:
4661:
4566:
4518:
4407:
4384:
4375:
4304:
804:
790:
773:
766:
758:
752:
745:
740:
720:
715:
694:
687:
671:
657:
650:
636:
620:
606:
592:
585:
580:
560:
544:
539:
518:
511:
494:
480:
463:
456:
442:
428:
421:
413:
407:
400:
386:
372:
358:
344:
337:
332:
320:
304:
288:
267:
187:
179:
171:
163:
155:
147:
132:
120:
99:
91:
66:
45:
2898:Taiwan's Ghost Festival and Other Religious Events
2595:Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals
2464:
2462:
2328:"Chinese Ghost Festival - "the Chinese Halloween""
1971:, to ensure that the soul of the ancestor goes to
1647:Related Buddhist traditions in other parts of Asia
1216:. These acts are better known as "Merry-making".
1353:In Indonesia, the festival is popularly known as
1159:. The red seats in front are reserved for ghosts.
1151:A young girl performing during Ghost Festival in
3804:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 247.
3678:Davies, Roger J.; Ikeno, Osamu (June 14, 2011).
3020:"Taiwan Quick Take: Ghost Month fuels surgeries"
2063:, Hokkien: Kow Ong Yah, Cantonese: Kow Wong Yeh)
1639:, the Vietnamese transliteration for Ullambana.
3877:"Galungan and Kuningan in Bali - Bali Magazine"
2548:Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China
2407:
2405:
1944:Related Hindu traditions in other parts of Asia
229:, សែនក្បាលទឹក (observed by Chinese-Cambodians)
4096:
4058:
4039:
3843:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 15–17.
3435:Buddhism: Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia
3347:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
2161:
1841:
1825:
5349:
4942:
4269:
4127:
4119:
4112:
4102:
4069:
3990:
3049:Fanchette, Sylvie; Stedman, Nicholas (2009).
2330:. Peoples Daily (English). October 30, 2009.
2209:
2192:
2186:
2142:
2133:
2098:
2090:
726:
566:
550:
310:
294:
8:
4142:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4086:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3903:"Balinese ceremonies: Galungan and Kuningan"
3801:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism
3623:"Thailand Events & Festivals of October"
2597:(Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 46–49.
855:, is a traditional festival held in certain
4124:(Journal of Chinese Literature and History)
2356:. Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications: 1998.
124:To commemorate the opening of the gates of
5616:
5356:
5342:
5334:
4949:
4935:
4927:
4381:
4276:
4262:
4254:
3798:Ph.D, Helen J. Baroni (January 15, 2002).
3302:"Caring for the Dead Ritually in Cambodia"
2617:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2302:"Culture insider - China's ghost festival"
1513:, the occasion is more popularly known as
1167:Chinese lotus lanterns floating in a river
737:
577:
329:
277:
42:
3390:
3388:
2631:"Chinese Culture: Hungry Ghost Festival"
2732:"Why August is called the "Ghost Month""
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
1928:) and on August 15 in the western part (
1755:do not reach the proper afterworld, the
1729:occurs directly after the conclusion of
1146:
974:and releasing miniature paper boats and
27:Traditional Buddhist and Taoist festival
5924:Observances set by the Chinese calendar
3411:. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 21.
2530:. New York: H. Wolff. pp. 129–133.
2228:
2082:
1920:Traditionally including a dance called
1004:The name relates to the concept of the
4135:
4079:
3607:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3600:
3541:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3534:
3491:from the original on December 20, 2016
3394:
3281:from the original on December 20, 2016
3261:Gouin, Margaret (September 10, 2012).
3242:from the original on February 11, 2017
3211:from the original on February 18, 2006
3182:from the original on February 12, 2017
3094:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 153.
2770:"Opinion: Filipino Hungry Ghost Month"
2610:
2507:
2495:
1750:. The offerings that are made acquire
1008:, the Chinese translation of the term
938:(or Tomb Sweeping Day, in spring) and
264:
5944:Buddhist festivals in the Philippines
3629:from the original on February 6, 2017
3589:from the original on February 7, 2017
3563:from the original on February 6, 2017
2749:Dy-Zulueta, Dolly (January 5, 2024).
2659:"Ghost Festival" ChinaVoc 2001–2007,
2377:from the original on December 4, 2018
2334:from the original on November 7, 2017
2308:from the original on November 7, 2017
2247:from the original on October 19, 2017
2243:. China Internet Information Center.
2023:and typically occurs every 210 days.
283:Food offerings for the Ghost Festival
7:
4179:The Ghost Festival in Medieval China
3857:from the original on August 30, 2023
3818:from the original on August 30, 2023
3779:from the original on August 30, 2023
3759:Car, Nikki Van De (March 14, 2023).
3740:from the original on August 30, 2023
3698:from the original on August 30, 2023
3452:from the original on August 30, 2023
3108:from the original on August 30, 2023
3069:from the original on August 30, 2023
2397:The Ghost Festival in Medieval China
1835:One of the three days that form the
1433:also conduct live concerts known as
1131:, although it concerns the disciple
1107:) are much older, deriving from the
57:A paper effigy of the Ghost King in
4117:"Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day],
3720:Morton, Lisa (September 15, 2015).
3659:from the original on March 26, 2023
3397:, pp. 153, 155, 173, 187, 191.
3322:from the original on April 20, 2019
3088:Paine, Crispin (January 10, 2019).
3030:from the original on March 26, 2023
3000:from the original on March 26, 2023
2970:from the original on March 26, 2023
2939:from the original on March 26, 2023
2447:from the original on March 26, 2023
1244:Celebrations in other parts of Asia
5869:Festivals in Chinese folk religion
3840:Hindu feasts, fasts and ceremonies
3300:Holt, John Clifford (April 2012).
2768:Beltran, Cito (October 27, 2023).
2712:from the original on July 26, 2018
2686:from the original on July 26, 2018
2526:(1952). "The Feast of the Souls".
1208:, dramas, and in some areas, even
1080:(the end of the monsoon season or
25:
5914:Observances held on the full moon
3935:from the original on July 3, 2019
3909:from the original on July 3, 2019
3883:from the original on July 3, 2019
3471:Harding, John S (June 17, 2013).
3373:from the original on May 10, 2017
1975:. In this context, the scripture
34:. For the festival in Nepal, see
5959:Religious festivals in Sri Lanka
5954:Religious festivals in Singapore
5808:
5807:
5317:
5308:
5307:
4911:
4910:
3359:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01765.x
2806:"Starweek Magazine: Ghost Month"
1681:Maudgalyayana Rescues His Mother
1264:during Hungry Ghost Festival in
1252:A Getai Performance in Singapore
51:
5964:Religious festivals in Thailand
5949:Religious festivals in Malaysia
5934:Religious festivals in Cambodia
4074:(The Great Wheel of the Dharma)
4044:"Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day",
2304:. China Daily. August 8, 2014.
2185:Pravāraṇā (Pāli Pavāraṇā) zizi
1852:, it is sometimes considered a
1558:is held. The month is known as
1497:
1376:
1336:
910:
814:
797:
783:
759:
716:Second alternative Chinese name
704:
678:
664:
528:
504:
487:
473:
449:
435:
414:
151:15th day of the 7th lunar month
5275:British Indian Ocean Territory
4186:: Princeton University Press,
3951:General and cited bibliography
3649:"Japanese Culture - Etiquette"
1721:In Laos, a festival known as,
1635:, this holiday coincides with
1462:
1453:
1445:
1311:
1302:
1294:
1119:that probably dates to the 3rd
900:
727:
643:
627:
613:
599:
567:
551:
393:
379:
365:
351:
311:
295:
243:
1:
5919:Observances honoring the dead
4845:Hammersmith Ghost murder case
4111:[The Meaning of Yulanpen
3837:Sastri, S. M. Natesa (1988).
3474:Studying Buddhism in Practice
3055:. IRD Editions. p. 149.
2875:Government Information Office
1967:is regarded as compulsory by
1076:or monastic community during
1039:Three Great Emperor-Officials
5939:Religious festivals in China
4161:: Harvard University Press,
3168:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
3141:10.1080/13576275.2013.843512
2736:Security Bank Financial Blog
2057:Festival of Nine Emperor God
1991:, and guests. The scripture
1878:Japanese volunteers perform
863:countries. According to the
4743:Electronic voice phenomenon
4536:locations in United Kingdom
4176:Teiser, Stephen F. (1988),
2839:September 19, 2010, at the
2115:period, it's said that the
1135:and his family rather than
1061:Yulanpen or Ullambana Sutra
6000:
5490:Lighting candles on graves
4154:T'ang Transformation Texts
3407:Buswell, Robert E (2004).
2577:February 23, 2009, at the
2546:Stepanchuk, Carol (1991).
1952:
1909:(sometimes transliterated
1899:
1893:
1772:
1699:
1611:This festival is known as
985:
934:). Distinct from both the
882:or (especially in Taiwan)
29:
5864:Chinese-Malaysian culture
5804:
5483:Connecticut field pumpkin
5303:
4906:
4295:
4128:
4120:
4113:
4103:
4097:
4070:
4059:
4040:
3991:
3723:Ghosts: A Haunted History
3162:Schober, Juliane (2002).
2903:October 29, 2010, at the
2828:January 18, 2011, at the
2823:Mid-Summer Ghost Festival
2638:February 3, 2009, at the
2210:
2193:
2187:
2162:
2143:
2134:
2099:
2091:
2060:
2021:Balinese pawukon calendar
1842:
1826:
1486:
1392:
1365:
1327:
1091:forms of the festival in
1000:Mulian Rescues His Mother
891:
825:
736:
576:
328:
276:
272:
235:
139:, offering food, burning
50:
5929:Public holidays in China
5024:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4715:Ancient Egyptian culture
4151:Mair, Victor H. (1989),
4108:
4064:
3996:
3438:. Taylor & Francis.
3409:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
3341:Ladwig, Patrice (2012).
2914:August 31, 2010, at the
2869:29 December 2010 at the
2792:Cosmopolitan Philippines
2437:"中元节是中国的"鬼节"吗？听听民俗学家怎么说"
1886:, in this case into the
546:Traditional Chinese
540:Alternative Chinese name
290:Traditional Chinese
143:, chanting of scriptures
5285:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4738:Apparitional experience
4065:「盂蘭盆」の本当の意味 ―千四百間の誤解を解く
4023:, Abingdon: Routledge,
3929:"The calendars of Bali"
3432:Williams, Paul (2005).
3309:Southeast Asian Studies
2858:3 December 2010 at the
2706:"Hungry Ghost Festival"
2680:"Hungry Ghost Festival"
562:Simplified Chinese
505:Dong nguêng/nguang zoih
306:Simplified Chinese
5884:Festivals in Sri Lanka
5874:Festivals in Hong Kong
5682:Veneration of the Dead
4367:Procession of the dead
4076:(in Japanese): 182–189
2095:) Scroll 15 - Customs:
1999:) upon the performer.
1983:, along with the gods
1891:
1628:
1608:
1589:
1277:Singapore and Malaysia
1273:
1253:
1168:
1160:
955:veneration of the dead
36:Ghost Festival (Nepal)
5969:September observances
5415:Christian observances
4822:Paranormal television
4531:locations in Scotland
4224:Chinese Ghost Culture
4017:Langer, Rita (2007),
3960:Apocryphal Scriptures
3684:. Tuttle Publishing.
2996:. September 8, 2018.
2834:Chine Town Connection
2395:Eberhard, Stephen F.
2354:The Way to Buddhahood
1877:
1626:
1595:
1577:
1259:
1251:
1166:
1150:
1028:Chinese folk religion
1018:. It plays a role in
940:Double Ninth Festival
837:Hungry Ghost Festival
5671:Parade of Lost Souls
5622:Festival of the Dead
5199:United Arab Emirates
4807:Stories about ghosts
4631:District of Columbia
4234:Waters, Dan (2004).
3983:on February 10, 2013
2880:3 April 2005 at the
2593:Wei, Liming (2010).
2572:Essortment Articles.
2352:Venerable Yin-shun.
2237:"Zhongyuan festival"
2168:English Translation:
2105:English translation:
1231:During the evening,
1052:, deriving from the
839:, also known as the
73:Zhongyuan Festival (
5889:Festivals in Taiwan
5849:Culture of Cambodia
5814:Category: Halloween
5599:Treehouse of Horror
5495:Prayer for the dead
5226:limited recognition
4876:Kardecist spiritism
4720:Classical antiquity
4095:Karashima, Seishi (
4057:Karashima, Seishi (
2810:The Philippine Star
2774:The Philippine Star
2666:8 June 2009 at the
2078:Notes on references
1959:The performance of
1787:Nakhon Si Thammarat
1731:Boun khay padab din
1723:Boun khao padap din
1653:Theravadin Buddhist
1450:traditional Chinese
1421:. Other areas like
1299:traditional Chinese
1266:Vihara Gunung Timur
1184:and other forms of
324:mid-origin festival
236:Boun Khao Padap Din
80:Yulanpen Festival (
5844:Buddhist festivals
5834:August observances
5526:Haunted attraction
4790:Films about ghosts
4774:Spirit photography
4219:Zhongyuan Festival
3726:. Reaktion Books.
3201:Hecker, Hellmuth,
2812:. August 12, 2018.
2794:. August 16, 2023.
2140:Baoen Fengpen jing
2017:Hari Raya Galungan
1892:
1757:Hungry Ghost realm
1629:
1609:
1590:
1564:spirit paper money
1442:simplified Chinese
1411:Sembahyang Rebutan
1291:simplified Chinese
1274:
1254:
1169:
1161:
869:lunisolar calendar
841:Zhongyuan Festival
665:yùh làahn pùhn jit
5974:Culture of Taiwan
5879:Festivals in Laos
5839:Buddhism in China
5821:
5820:
5714:
5713:
5691:Death anniversary
5656:Qingming Festival
5431:Trick-or-treating
5331:
5330:
5268:other territories
4924:
4923:
4698:
4697:
4357:Residual haunting
4322:Haunted locations
4312:Ancestral spirits
4193:978-0-691-02677-0
3973:978-1-886439-29-0
3850:978-81-206-0402-5
3811:978-0-8239-2240-6
3772:978-0-7624-8143-9
3765:. Running Press.
3733:978-1-78023-537-0
3691:978-1-4629-0051-0
3101:978-1-350-04628-3
3062:978-2-7099-1671-4
3026:. July 24, 2006.
2935:. July 28, 2022.
2528:Chinese Festivals
2524:Eberhard, Wolfram
2282:. August 22, 2017
2013:indigenous Hindus
1993:Markandeya Purana
1862:Japanese calendar
1523:Chinese Filipinos
1260:A man throws the
936:Qingming Festival
849:Yulanpen Festival
829:
828:
821:
820:
798:Tshit-gue̍h-puànn
711:
710:
659:Yale Romanization
638:Yale Romanization
629:yü lan p'ên chieh
587:Standard Mandarin
535:
534:
529:Dṳ̆ng-nguòng-cáik
430:Yale Romanization
415:Chûng-ngièn-chiet
388:Yale Romanization
339:Standard Mandarin
263:
262:
256:
248:
240:
232:
215:
207:
199:
16:(Redirected from
5991:
5979:Taoist festivals
5909:Malay ghost myth
5816:
5811:
5810:
5683:
5623:
5617:
5538:Pumpkin festival
5376:
5367:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5335:
5321:
5311:
5310:
5280:Christmas Island
4966:Sovereign states
4958:Culture of Asia
4951:
4944:
4937:
4928:
4914:
4913:
4382:
4327:Haunted highways
4278:
4271:
4264:
4255:
4250:
4240:
4196:
4171:
4147:
4141:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4101:)(in Chinese as
4100:
4099:
4091:
4085:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4043:
4042:
4033:
4013:
3994:
3993:
3984:
3982:
3976:, archived from
3965:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3516:. Archived from
3515:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3306:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2925:
2919:
2895:
2889:
2850:
2844:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2738:. July 18, 2022.
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2676:
2670:
2657:
2642:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2608:
2590:
2581:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2543:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2457:
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2433:
2427:
2426:
2409:
2400:
2393:
2387:
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2384:
2382:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2276:"Ghost Festival"
2272:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2233:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2175:
2172:Chinese calendar
2165:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2062:
2053:Nine Emperor God
2048:Lantern Festival
1963:by a son during
1847:
1845:
1844:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1613:Tết Trung Nguyên
1606:
1588:
1519:Chinese calendar
1499:
1490:
1468:Sembahyang Kubur
1464:
1455:
1447:
1403:Chhit-ngie̍t-pan
1396:
1378:
1377:Chhit-goe̍h-pòaⁿ
1369:
1338:
1329:
1313:
1304:
1296:
1173:Chinese calendar
1126:
1122:
1020:Chinese Buddhism
912:
902:
893:
865:Chinese calendar
817:
816:
800:
799:
786:
785:
784:Chhit-goe̍h-poàⁿ
762:
761:
760:Chhit-ngie̍t-pan
738:
732:
731:
707:
706:
683:
682:
681:
680:jyu laan pun zit
667:
666:
646:
645:
632:
631:
630:
616:
615:
602:
601:
578:
572:
571:
556:
555:
531:
530:
507:
506:
490:
489:
476:
475:
452:
451:
438:
437:
417:
416:
396:
395:
382:
381:
380:chung yüan chieh
368:
367:
354:
353:
330:
316:
315:
300:
299:
281:
265:
254:
246:
238:
230:
213:
205:
197:
137:Ancestor worship
100:Observed by
55:
43:
21:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5854:Chinese culture
5824:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5806:
5800:
5731:All Saints' Day
5710:
5681:
5675:
5621:
5612:
5606:
5549:
5509:
5473:Jack-o'-lantern
5419:
5374:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5332:
5327:
5299:
5267:
5258:
5239:Northern Cyprus
5225:
5218:
4960:
4955:
4925:
4920:
4902:
4849:
4839:Booty v Barnaby
4826:
4783:Popular culture
4778:
4724:
4694:
4673:
4657:
4614:Day of the Dead
4562:
4553:Slavic religion
4514:
4403:
4377:
4371:
4300:
4291:
4282:
4238:
4233:
4204:
4194:
4175:
4169:
4150:
4134:
4110:
4094:
4078:
4066:
4056:
4037:
4031:
4016:
4011:
3998:
3989:Chow, Shu Kai (
3988:
3980:
3974:
3963:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3886:
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3875:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3851:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3812:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3773:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3734:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3692:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3599:
3592:
3590:
3583:"Archived copy"
3581:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3533:
3526:
3524:
3523:on May 27, 2016
3520:
3513:
3511:"Archived copy"
3509:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3485:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3446:
3431:
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3426:
3419:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3340:
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3335:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3214:
3212:
3204:Maha-Moggallana
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3176:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3102:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3063:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2916:Wayback Machine
2905:Wayback Machine
2896:
2892:
2882:Wayback Machine
2871:Wayback Machine
2860:Wayback Machine
2851:
2847:
2841:Wayback Machine
2830:Wayback Machine
2821:
2817:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2668:Wayback Machine
2658:
2645:
2640:Wayback Machine
2630:
2626:
2609:
2605:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2579:Wayback Machine
2569:
2565:
2558:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:Karashima 2013b
2476:
2472:
2468:Karashima 2013a
2467:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2029:
2005:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1904:
1898:
1872:
1839:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1777:
1771:
1739:
1727:Boun khao salak
1719:
1704:
1698:
1690:Tirokudda Kanda
1658:Ullambana Sutra
1649:
1600:
1582:
1572:
1548:
1507:
1351:
1279:
1246:
1182:hell bank notes
1145:
1124:
1120:
1002:
986:Main articles:
984:
876:Chinese culture
861:Southeast Asian
679:
628:
321:Literal meaning
284:
259:
188:Related to
116:
95:Spirit Festival
87:
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5997:
5995:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5859:Chinese ghosts
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5826:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5776:Mischief Night
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5756:Eid il-Burbara
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5736:All Souls' Day
5733:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5666:Zhōng yuán jié
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5641:Día de Muertos
5638:
5633:
5627:
5625:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5595:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5568:
5563:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5505:Pangangaluluwa
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5470:
5468:Halloween Tree
5465:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5338:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5315:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5228:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4883:The Ghost Club
4880:
4879:
4878:
4868:
4863:
4861:Fear of ghosts
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4730:Parapsychology
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4597:Ghost sickness
4594:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4451:
4449:Ghost Festival
4446:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:South Africa (
4394:
4388:
4386:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4362:Vengeful ghost
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4337:Haunted trains
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4305:Manifestations
4302:
4301:
4298:List of ghosts
4296:
4293:
4292:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4203:
4202:External links
4200:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4173:
4167:
4148:
4109:盂蘭盆之意-自恣日的“飯鉢”
4092:
4054:
4035:
4029:
4014:
4009:
3997:鬼月鉤沉-中元、盂蘭、餓鬼節
3986:
3972:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3920:
3894:
3868:
3849:
3829:
3810:
3790:
3771:
3751:
3732:
3709:
3690:
3670:
3653:Cultural Atlas
3640:
3614:
3574:
3548:
3502:
3483:
3463:
3444:
3424:
3418:978-0028659107
3417:
3399:
3384:
3333:
3292:
3273:
3253:
3221:
3193:
3174:
3154:
3135:(4): 388–389.
3119:
3100:
3080:
3061:
3041:
3011:
2981:
2950:
2920:
2890:
2864:Ghost Festival
2845:
2815:
2797:
2779:
2760:
2741:
2723:
2697:
2671:
2643:
2624:
2603:
2582:
2563:
2556:
2533:
2512:
2500:
2498:, p. 276.
2488:
2486:Karashima 2014
2479:
2470:
2458:
2428:
2421:
2401:
2388:
2358:
2345:
2319:
2293:
2267:
2258:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2200:
2176:
2151:
2122:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:(Chinese:
2050:
2045:
2043:Chinese ghosts
2040:
2035:
2033:All Souls' Day
2028:
2025:
2004:
2001:
1953:Main article:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1896:Bon (festival)
1894:Main article:
1871:
1866:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1773:Main article:
1770:
1767:
1738:
1735:
1718:
1715:
1700:Main article:
1697:
1694:
1648:
1645:
1631:Influenced by
1571:
1568:
1556:Ghost Festival
1547:
1544:
1506:
1503:
1382:Chit Nyiat Pan
1350:
1347:
1278:
1275:
1245:
1242:
1144:
1141:
1129:Yulanpen Sutra
1097:Southeast Asia
1026:as well as in
996:Yulanpen Sutra
983:
980:
961:, and burning
833:Ghost Festival
827:
826:
823:
822:
819:
818:
815:Cig ghuêh buan
811:
802:
801:
794:
788:
787:
780:
771:
770:
764:
763:
756:
750:
749:
743:
742:
741:Transcriptions
734:
733:
724:
718:
717:
713:
712:
709:
708:
701:
692:
691:
685:
684:
675:
669:
668:
661:
655:
654:
652:Yue: Cantonese
648:
647:
644:yú-lán-pén-jyé
640:
634:
633:
624:
618:
617:
610:
604:
603:
600:Yú lán pén jié
596:
590:
589:
583:
582:
581:Transcriptions
574:
573:
564:
558:
557:
548:
542:
541:
537:
536:
533:
532:
525:
516:
515:
509:
508:
501:
492:
491:
484:
478:
477:
470:
461:
460:
454:
453:
446:
440:
439:
432:
426:
425:
423:Yue: Cantonese
419:
418:
411:
405:
404:
398:
397:
390:
384:
383:
376:
370:
369:
362:
356:
355:
352:zhōng yuán jié
348:
342:
341:
335:
334:
333:Transcriptions
326:
325:
322:
318:
317:
308:
302:
301:
292:
286:
285:
282:
274:
273:
270:
269:
268:Ghost Festival
261:
260:
258:
257:
249:
247:(in Sri Lanka)
241:
233:
216:
208:
200:
191:
189:
185:
184:
181:
180:2026 date
177:
176:
173:
172:2025 date
169:
168:
165:
164:2024 date
161:
160:
157:
156:2023 date
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
134:
130:
129:
122:
118:
117:
115:
114:
109:
103:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
86:
85:
78:
70:
68:
64:
63:
56:
48:
47:
46:Ghost Festival
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5996:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5899:Lantern shows
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5815:
5803:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5786:Old Halloween
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5746:Devil's Night
5744:
5742:
5741:Beggars Night
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5696:Death customs
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5609:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5593:Great Pumpkin
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5544:
5543:Pumpkin Queen
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Apple bobbing
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5393:Allhallowtide
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5368:
5359:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5314:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:South Ossetia
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4917:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Spectrophilia
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Ghost hunting
4755:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:South America
4660:
4652:
4651:San Francisco
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:United States
4619:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:North America
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4392:Madam Koi Koi
4390:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:Haunted ships
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:Haunted house
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4170:
4168:9780674868151
4164:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4125:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4075:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4036:
4032:
4030:9781134158720
4026:
4022:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:9789888366392
4006:
4002:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3833:
3830:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3791:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3752:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3674:
3671:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3519:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3490:
3486:
3484:9781136501883
3480:
3477:. Routledge.
3476:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3451:
3447:
3445:9780415332330
3441:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3395:Langer (2007)
3391:
3389:
3385:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3280:
3276:
3274:9781136959172
3270:
3267:. Routledge.
3266:
3265:
3257:
3254:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3194:
3181:
3177:
3175:9788120818125
3171:
3167:
3166:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3120:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3081:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3042:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2958:Loh, Lainey.
2954:
2951:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2909:Go2Taiwan.net
2906:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2661:Online Store.
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2606:
2604:9787508516936
2600:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2557:0-8351-2481-9
2553:
2549:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:Teiser (1988)
2504:
2501:
2497:
2496:Langer (2007)
2492:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2422:957-755-300-1
2418:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2204:
2201:
2198:respectively.
2180:
2177:
2173:
2155:
2152:
2141:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:Garuda Purana
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1938:Amami Islands
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1913:), or simply
1912:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1838:
1833:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1799:Thai language
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1672:Maudgalyayana
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:North Sumatra
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:Chit Gwee Pua
1348:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:For rituals,
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:Chinese opera
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:known as the
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:ancient India
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
981:
979:
977:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
932:
927:
926:
921:
917:
913:
907:
903:
897:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
824:
812:
810:
807:
803:
795:
793:
789:
781:
779:
776:
772:
769:
765:
757:
755:
751:
748:
744:
739:
735:
730:
725:
723:
719:
714:
705:Uò-làng-buòng
702:
700:
697:
693:
690:
686:
676:
674:
670:
662:
660:
656:
653:
649:
641:
639:
635:
625:
623:
619:
611:
609:
605:
597:
595:
591:
588:
584:
579:
575:
570:
565:
563:
559:
554:
549:
547:
543:
538:
526:
524:
521:
517:
514:
510:
502:
500:
497:
493:
485:
483:
479:
471:
469:
466:
462:
459:
455:
450:zung jyun zit
447:
445:
441:
436:jūng yùhn jit
433:
431:
427:
424:
420:
412:
410:
406:
403:
399:
394:jūng ywán jyé
391:
389:
385:
377:
375:
371:
363:
361:
357:
349:
347:
343:
340:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
309:
307:
303:
298:
293:
291:
287:
280:
275:
271:
266:
255:(in Thailand)
253:
250:
245:
242:
237:
234:
231:(in Cambodia)
228:
224:
221:(observed by
220:
217:
212:
209:
204:
201:
196:
193:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
83:
79:
76:
72:
71:
69:
67:Official name
65:
60:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5791:Punkie Night
5719:Other events
5665:
5661:Totensonntag
5651:Pitru Paksha
5631:Bon Festival
5597:
5264:Dependencies
5194:Turkmenistan
5159:Saudi Arabia
4871:Spiritualism
4837:
4747:
4710:Mesopotamian
4646:Pennsylvania
4448:
4376:By continent
4347:Hungry ghost
4317:Ghost lights
4246:
4242:
4178:
4153:
4118:
4068:
4063:) (2013b),
4049:
4045:
4019:
4000:
3978:the original
3959:
3937:. Retrieved
3923:
3911:. Retrieved
3897:
3885:. Retrieved
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3839:
3832:
3820:. Retrieved
3800:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3761:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3722:
3700:. Retrieved
3680:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3652:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3617:
3591:. Retrieved
3577:
3565:. Retrieved
3551:
3525:. Retrieved
3518:the original
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3473:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3434:
3427:
3408:
3402:
3375:. Retrieved
3353:: S90–S102.
3350:
3346:
3336:
3326:September 3,
3324:. Retrieved
3312:
3308:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3263:
3256:
3246:February 11,
3244:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:February 11,
3213:, retrieved
3203:
3196:
3186:February 11,
3184:. Retrieved
3164:
3157:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3090:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3051:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3024:Taipei Times
3023:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2993:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2963:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2932:
2923:
2893:
2848:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2763:
2755:Philstar.com
2754:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2674:
2633:Modern China
2627:
2594:
2566:
2547:
2527:
2503:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2449:. Retrieved
2440:
2431:
2412:
2396:
2391:
2381:February 25,
2379:. Retrieved
2371:www.bfnn.org
2370:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2322:
2310:. Retrieved
2296:
2286:February 15,
2284:. Retrieved
2279:
2270:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2241:China.org.cn
2240:
2231:
2203:
2179:
2154:
2139:
2125:
2085:
2072:Tōrō nagashi
2038:Buddhist art
2006:
1965:Pitru Paksha
1958:
1955:Pitru Paksha
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1888:Sasebo River
1880:tōrō nagashi
1868:
1858:seasonal day
1856:, a type of
1853:
1836:
1834:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1760:
1748:matakadānaya
1747:
1744:mataka dānēs
1743:
1740:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1707:
1705:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1618:Tháng Cô Hồn
1617:
1612:
1610:
1580:Tháng Cô Hồn
1559:
1555:
1549:
1540:funeral home
1532:spirit money
1527:stock market
1514:
1508:
1496:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1434:
1431:Riau islands
1410:
1406:
1402:
1381:
1375:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1335:
1316:
1310:
1280:
1272:, Indonesia.
1261:
1238:
1230:
1218:
1202:
1170:
1153:Kuala Lumpur
1086:
1047:
1043:Tang dynasty
1036:
1009:
1006:hungry ghost
1003:
988:Hungry ghost
967:papier-mâché
944:
929:
923:
915:
909:
899:
883:
879:
873:
848:
840:
836:
832:
830:
768:Southern Min
614:ㄩˊㄌㄢˊㄆㄣˊㄐㄧㄝˊ
594:Hanyu Pinyin
458:Southern Min
346:Hanyu Pinyin
244:Mataka dānēs
227:Sen Kbal tek
223:Khmer people
214:(in Vietnam)
121:Significance
40:
5904:Lao culture
5478:Stingy Jack
5463:Ghost tours
5375:Main topics
5323:Asia portal
5224:States with
5144:Philippines
5084:South Korea
5079:North Korea
4974:Afghanistan
4831:Court cases
4378:and culture
4352:Poltergeist
4107:) (2014),
3995:) (2015),
3633:February 6,
3593:February 6,
3567:February 6,
3527:December 7,
3495:December 7,
3377:December 5,
3315:(1): 3–75.
3285:December 7,
3230:"StackPath"
2994:Taiwan News
2964:Tatler Asia
2933:Taiwan News
2853:Ghost Month
2338:November 1,
2312:November 1,
2251:November 1,
2067:Phi Ta Khon
1819:(中元), also
1601: [
1583: [
1560:Ghost Month
1534:, lighting
1515:Ghost Month
1511:Philippines
1505:Philippines
1419:Java Island
1399:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
1099:(including
1032:animalistic
920:lower realm
916:Ghost Month
754:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
689:Eastern Min
513:Eastern Min
409:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
366:ㄓㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊㄐㄧㄝˊ
175:6 September
133:Observances
92:Also called
61:, Hong Kong
32:Phi Ta Khon
5828:Categories
5761:Hop-tu-Naa
5588:Television
5531:Hell house
5424:Traditions
5405:Activities
5204:Uzbekistan
5179:Tajikistan
5094:Kyrgyzstan
5074:Kazakhstan
4994:Bangladesh
4984:Azerbaijan
4767:Mediumship
4685:Polynesian
4626:California
4578:Caribbean
4510:Vietnamese
4132:): 279–301
3861:October 4,
3456:October 4,
2367:"目次：冥報記白話"
2224:References
2207:Karashima:
2191:and suiyi
2183:Karashima:
2158:Karashima:
2129:Karashima:
1900:See also:
1686:Petavatthu
1669:Petavatthu
1664:Petavatthu
1493:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1472:hell notes
1415:Indonesian
1372:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1332:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1262:Hell notes
1186:joss paper
1143:Observance
1137:Moggallāna
1117:Pali Canon
1109:Petavatthu
1089:Theravadan
992:Petavatthu
963:joss paper
906:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
622:Wade–Giles
374:Wade–Giles
206:(in Korea)
198:(in Japan)
141:joss paper
5726:Allantide
5646:Gai Jatra
5500:Soul cake
5410:Geography
5366:Halloween
5290:Hong Kong
5244:Palestine
5169:Sri Lanka
5164:Singapore
5044:Indonesia
4812:Halloween
4800:Indonesia
4609:locations
4546:locations
4503:locations
4476:locations
4459:locations
4442:locations
4425:locations
4398:locations
4289:ghostlore
4184:Princeton
4159:Cambridge
4052:: 289–305
3822:March 26,
3783:March 26,
3744:March 26,
3702:March 26,
3663:March 26,
3367:1359-0987
3149:144383079
3129:Mortality
3112:March 26,
3073:March 26,
3034:March 26,
3004:March 26,
2974:March 26,
2943:March 26,
2613:cite book
2451:March 26,
2265:Chow 2015
2111:to early
2003:Indonesia
1987:, ghosts
1922:Bon Odori
1737:Sri Lanka
1709:Pchum Ben
1702:Pchum Ben
1676:Sariputta
1651:In Asian
1349:Indonesia
1221:Buddhists
1210:burlesque
1198:afterlife
1133:Sāriputta
1113:scripture
1105:Pchum Ben
1078:Pravarana
1057:scripture
951:Buddhists
880:Ghost Day
239:(in Laos)
219:Pchum Ben
183:27 August
167:18 August
159:30 August
107:Buddhists
5796:Saci Day
5781:Namahage
5771:Korochun
5436:Costumes
5313:Category
5234:Abkhazia
5184:Thailand
5139:Pakistan
5119:Mongolia
5114:Maldives
5109:Malaysia
5009:Cambodia
4916:Category
4669:Colombia
4471:Japanese
4437:Filipino
4249:: 41–55.
4138:citation
4082:citation
3933:Archived
3907:Archived
3881:Archived
3855:Archived
3816:Archived
3777:Archived
3738:Archived
3696:Archived
3657:Archived
3627:Archived
3603:cite web
3587:Archived
3561:Archived
3537:cite web
3489:Archived
3450:Archived
3371:Archived
3317:Archived
3279:Archived
3237:Archived
3209:archived
3180:Archived
3106:Archived
3067:Archived
3028:Archived
2998:Archived
2968:Archived
2937:Archived
2912:Archived
2901:Archived
2878:Archived
2867:Archived
2856:Archived
2837:Archived
2826:Archived
2716:July 26,
2710:Archived
2690:July 26,
2684:Archived
2664:Archived
2636:Archived
2575:Archived
2445:Archived
2375:Archived
2332:Archived
2306:Archived
2280:OFTaiwan
2245:Archived
2027:See also
1989:(bhutas)
1981:(Pitris)
1961:Shraddha
1936:and the
1854:zassetsu
1795:Sat Chin
1791:Sat Thai
1782:Sat Thai
1775:Sat Thai
1769:Thailand
1696:Cambodia
1633:Buddhism
1607:festival
1498:kim-chóa
1439:Mandarin
1287:Mandarin
1204:include
1157:Malaysia
1101:Cambodia
1054:Mahayana
1016:Buddhism
976:lanterns
911:Phó͘-tō͘
853:Buddhism
847:and the
673:Jyutping
608:Bopomofo
444:Jyutping
360:Bopomofo
252:Sat Thai
203:Baekjung
82:Buddhism
18:Yulanpen
5701:Kaddish
5636:Chuseok
5611:Related
5521:Bonfire
5400:Symbols
5388:Samhain
5383:History
5209:Vietnam
5124:Myanmar
5104:Lebanon
5034:Georgia
4989:Bahrain
4979:Armenia
4854:Related
4817:Samhain
4703:History
4678:Oceania
4636:Indiana
4604:Mexican
4588:Navajo
4558:Romania
4542:France
4526:English
4464:Bengali
4430:Tibetan
4420:Chinese
4415:Burmese
4385:African
3939:July 3,
3913:July 3,
3887:July 3,
2413:中國節日的故事
1985:(devas)
1934:Okinawa
1932:). In
1860:in the
1821:Ochūgen
1797:in the
1570:Vietnam
1536:incense
1509:In the
1483:Chinese
1480:Hokkien
1476:Kim Cua
1389:Chinese
1362:Chinese
1359:Hokkien
1324:Chinese
1321:Hokkien
1317:Koh-tai
1233:incense
1225:Taoists
1196:to the
1123:century
1115:in the
1065:abhijñā
982:Origins
959:incense
947:Taoists
888:Chinese
809:Peng'im
806:Teochew
775:Hokkien
722:Chinese
499:Peng'im
496:Teochew
465:Hokkien
112:Taoists
5894:Ghosts
5812:
5751:Dziady
5706:Yizkor
5613:events
5576:albums
5514:Events
5254:Taiwan
5189:Turkey
5154:Russia
5089:Kuwait
5069:Jordan
5059:Israel
5019:Cyprus
5004:Brunei
4999:Bhutan
4898:Spirit
4762:Séance
4749:kaidan
4641:Oregon
4592:Chindi
4574:Canada
4519:Europe
4488:Korean
4454:Indian
4285:Ghosts
4190:
4165:
4121:中華文史論叢
4027:
4007:
3970:
3847:
3808:
3769:
3730:
3688:
3481:
3442:
3415:
3365:
3271:
3172:
3147:
3098:
3059:
2886:Taiwan
2601:
2554:
2419:
2117:Hakkas
1997:moksha
1973:heaven
1969:Hindus
1930:Kansai
1902:Segaki
1850:Daoism
1837:sangen
1817:Chūgen
1811:Chūgen
1637:Vu Lan
1598:Vu Lan
1552:Taiwan
1546:Taiwan
1495::
1485::
1460::
1458:pinyin
1452::
1444::
1429:, and
1391::
1374::
1364::
1337:ko-tâi
1334::
1326::
1309::
1307:pinyin
1301::
1293::
1125:
1121:
1074:sangha
1024:Taoism
998:, and
972:buying
908::
898::
896:pinyin
890::
845:Taoism
792:Tâi-lô
696:Fuzhou
520:Fuzhou
482:Tâi-lô
225:) and
211:Vu Lan
75:Taoism
59:Shatin
5984:Getai
5766:Kekri
5581:songs
5571:Music
5566:Films
5561:Books
5554:Media
5446:Cards
5295:Macau
5214:Yemen
5174:Syria
5149:Qatar
5129:Nepal
5064:Japan
5039:India
5029:Egypt
5014:China
4888:Geist
4795:India
4690:Maori
4582:Duppy
4493:Malay
4481:Onryō
4408:Asian
4239:(PDF)
3999:[
3981:(PDF)
3964:(PDF)
3521:(PDF)
3514:(PDF)
3320:(PDF)
3305:(PDF)
3240:(PDF)
3233:(PDF)
3145:S2CID
2144:報恩奉盆經
1949:India
1926:Kantō
1911:O-bon
1805:Japan
1762:pirit
1752:merit
1605:]
1587:]
1463:gētái
1435:Getai
1409:, or
1407:Cioko
1386:Hakka
1380:) or
1342:Getai
1315:) or
1312:gētái
1283:Getai
1270:Medan
1214:Getai
1194:souls
1190:Lotus
1093:South
1082:vassa
1069:preta
1034:way.
1011:preta
931:preta
747:Hakka
402:Hakka
5456:cake
5451:Food
5134:Oman
5099:Laos
5054:Iraq
5049:Iran
4893:Soul
4498:Thai
4287:and
4188:ISBN
4163:ISBN
4144:link
4104:辛島靜志
4098:辛嶋静志
4088:link
4060:辛嶋静志
4025:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3968:ISBN
3941:2019
3915:2019
3889:2019
3863:2020
3845:ISBN
3824:2023
3806:ISBN
3785:2023
3767:ISBN
3746:2023
3728:ISBN
3704:2023
3686:ISBN
3665:2023
3635:2017
3609:link
3595:2017
3569:2017
3543:link
3529:2016
3497:2016
3479:ISBN
3458:2020
3440:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3379:2017
3363:ISSN
3328:2018
3287:2016
3269:ISBN
3248:2017
3217:2017
3188:2017
3170:ISBN
3114:2023
3096:ISBN
3075:2023
3057:ISBN
3036:2023
3006:2023
2976:2023
2945:2023
2718:2018
2692:2018
2619:link
2599:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2453:2023
2441:澎湃新闻
2417:ISBN
2383:2023
2340:2017
2314:2017
2288:2024
2253:2017
2113:Ming
2109:Yuan
2092:歸善縣志
2009:Bali
1907:Obon
1884:Obon
1717:Laos
1427:Riau
1223:and
1177:hell
1111:, a
1095:and
1087:The
1022:and
965:, a
949:and
925:diyu
901:Pǔdù
884:Pudu
859:and
857:East
831:The
569:盂兰盆节
553:盂蘭盆節
195:Obon
148:Date
126:Hell
5266:and
4129:裘雲青
4114:盂蘭盆
4071:大法輪
4050:XVI
4041:盂蘭盆
3992:周樹佳
3355:doi
3137:doi
2135:鉢和羅
2007:In
1915:Bon
1869:Bon
1848:of
1827:お中元
1746:or
1616:as
1474:or
1413:in
1405:),
1394:七月半
1367:七月半
1285:in
1103:'s
1014:in
928:or
874:In
867:(a
851:in
843:in
835:or
778:POJ
729:七月半
699:BUC
523:BUC
468:POJ
313:中元节
297:中元節
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1491:;
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