813:Þat var forn siðr, þá er blót skyldi vera, at allir bœndr skyldu þar koma sem hof var ok flytja þannug föng sín, þau er þeir skyldu hafa, meðan veizlan stóð. At veizlu þeirri skyldu allir menn öl eiga; þar var ok drepinn allskonar smali ok svá hross; en blóð þat alt, er þar kom af, þá var kallat hlaut, ok hlautbollar þat, er blóð þat stóð í, ok hlautteinar, þat var svá gert sem stöklar; með því skyldi rjóða stallana öllu saman, ok svá veggi hofsins utan ok innan, ok svá stökkva á mennina; en slátr skyldi sjóða til mannfagnaðar. Eldar skyldu vera á miðju gólfi í hofinu ok þar katlar yfir; ok skyldi full um eld bera. En sá er gerði veizluna ok höfðingi var, þá skyldi hann signa fullit ok allan blótmatinn.
854:]. These were fashioned like sprinklers, and with them were to be smeared all over with blood the pedestals of the idols and also the walls of the temple within and without; and likewise the men present were to be sprinkled with blood. But the meat of the animals was to be boiled and served as food at the banquet. Fires were to be lighted in the middle of the temple floor, and kettles hung over the fires. The sacrificial beaker was to be borne around the fire, and he who made the feast and was chieftain, was to bless the beaker as well as all the sacrificial meat.
599:
4844:
7958:
2662:
990:(the month that started on the first new moon after the winter solstice), which could range from 5 January to 2 February in the Gregorian calendar. Nordberg positions the Midwinter Nights from 19 to 21 January in the Gregorian calendar, falling roughly in the middle of Nordberg's range of Yule dates. In addition to Snorri's account, Nordberg's dating is also consistent with the account of the great blót at
66:
2121:
1175:
2133:
779:
the help of the "great chieftains". In time, Haakon had a law passed establishing that Yule celebrations were to take place at the same time as the
Christians celebrated Christmas, "and at that time everyone was to have ale for the celebration with a measure of grain, or else pay fines, and had to keep the holiday while the ale lasted".
787:. When Haakon believed that he wielded enough power, he requested a bishop and other priests from England, and they came to Norway. On their arrival, "Haakon made it known that he would have the gospel preached in the whole country." The saga continues, describing the different reactions of various regional
778:
as well as rescheduling Yule to coincide with
Christian celebrations held at the time. The saga says that when Haakon arrived in Norway he was a confirmed Christian, but since the land was still altogether heathen and the people retained their pagan practices, Haakon hid his Christianity to receive
782:
Haakon planned that when he had solidly established himself and held power over the whole country, he would then "have the gospel preached". According to the saga, the result was that his popularity caused many to allow themselves to be baptized, and some people stopped making sacrifices. Haakon
901:
says the pagan Yule feast "had a pronounced religious character" and that "it is uncertain whether the
Germanic Yule feast still had a function in the cult of the dead and in the veneration of the ancestors, a function which the mid-winter sacrifice certainly held for the West European
1145:
Generally meeting in covens, which anoint their own priests and priestesses, Wiccans chant and cast or draw circles to invoke their deities, mainly during festivals like
Samhain and Yule, which coincide with Halloween and Christmas, and when the moon is
981:
The exact dating of the pre-Christian Yule celebrations is unclear and debated among scholars. Snorri in Hákonar saga góða describes how the three-day feast began on "Midwinter Night", however this is distinct from the
3578:
4518:
3568:
8633:
1984:
822:
and bring along with them the food they needed while the feast lasted. At this feast all were to take part of the drinking of ale. Also all kinds of livestock were killed in connection with it,
185:
4563:
3573:
1325:
1942:
1798:
So for the Yule holiday season we enjoy the richness of life and the company of people whom we cherish, as we will often be the only ones who know where the traditions really came from!
1118:
observed the tradition, while others observe the holiday with rituals "assembled from different sources". Heathen celebrations of Yule can also include sharing a meal and gift-giving.
8653:
7209:
3548:
876:"for good harvests and for peace", and third, a beaker was to be drunk to the king himself. In addition, toasts were drunk to the memory of departed kinsfolk. These were called
3543:
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that uses the term is then quoted: "again we have produced Yule-being's feast , our rulers' eulogy, like a bridge of masonry". In addition, one of the numerous
1616:
8370:
7546:
6907:
3523:
458:
The word is conjectured in an explicitly pre-Christian context primarily in Old Norse, where it is associated with Old Norse deities. Among many others (see
860:
The narrative continues that toasts were to be drunk. The first toast was to be drunk to Odin "for victory and power to the king", the second to the gods
7996:
6805:
6636:
3518:
3012:
2942:
1976:
936:, and others possibly have connections to pre-Christian Yule customs, which Simek says "indicates the significance of the feast in pre-Christian times."
5831:
4583:
2611:
237:
7140:
1932:
1317:
1785:
3418:
2448:
986:, occurring approximately one month later. Andreas Nordberg proposes that Yule was celebrated on the full moon of the second Yule month in the
7535:
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3981:
2082:
1878:
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180:
3855:
3102:
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3676:
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7003:
6574:
6400:
5714:
4755:
4495:
4377:
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2158:
1526:
1111:
943:(a ghostly procession in the winter sky), the god Odin (who is attested in Germanic areas as leading the Wild Hunt and bears the name
96:
719:
8694:
7476:
4826:
4786:
3400:
2059:
2036:
1855:
1836:
1817:
7391:
734:. In these sources, the tradition takes place on Yule-evening and consists of people placing their hands on a pig referred to as a
8689:
7616:
7411:
7306:
5791:
738:
before swearing solemn oaths. In the latter text, some manuscripts explicitly refer to the pig as holy, that it was devoted to
8724:
8719:
7989:
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6703:
6482:
5786:
5324:
2684:
1730:
655:
is similarly attested, the Old Norse corpus also contains numerous references to an event by the Old Norse form of the name,
3925:
248:) celebrate Yule independently of the Christian festival. Scholars have connected the original celebrations of Yule to the
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8097:
7241:
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7023:
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6328:
5824:
2665:
2151:
973:
when
Christians celebrated Christmas Eve, has been seen as further evidence of a fertility event during the Yule period.
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5191:
5176:
4779:
723:
284:
1754:
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2541:
1434:
1110:
differ in both origin and practice, these representations of Yule can vary considerably despite the shared name. Some
823:
3092:
3002:
6175:† dagger indicates extinction. ° degree symbol indicates changes in date, name or location. ( ) indicate demographic
8734:
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4918:
4705:
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3703:
3210:
2972:
2571:
2092:
2007:
3935:
1409:
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7982:
7552:
7541:
7461:
7313:
7234:
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6810:
6698:
6412:
6373:
5637:
4859:
3860:
1870:
756:
201:
7568:
7354:
7276:
7194:
7187:
7090:
6973:
6395:
6227:
5817:
5236:
5160:
5140:
4973:
4958:
3728:
2729:
2516:
245:
205:
129:
6693:
4258:
3840:
3813:
3808:
3748:
3723:
2922:
695:
8749:
8582:
8317:
7516:
7501:
7436:
7386:
7381:
7290:
7271:
7155:
6875:
6424:
6198:
5719:
5198:
5090:
4928:
4640:
1745:
987:
448:
241:
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272:
37:
This article is about the ancient pagan festival and its modern revivals. For the
Christian festival, see
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5030:
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5005:
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699:
459:
31:
3952:
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1809:
2125:
1775:
8643:
8235:
8090:
7531:
7486:
7135:
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7065:
7060:
7038:
6825:
6795:
6750:
6725:
5797:
5251:
4882:
4700:
4057:
2834:
2174:
970:
673:
518:), which was borrowed into English in the 14th century as 'jolly', is itself borrowed from Old Norse
368:
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8296:
8240:
8125:
7506:
7481:
7421:
7327:
7293:
7261:
7150:
7130:
7125:
7115:
7105:
7095:
7085:
7043:
7033:
6517:
6333:
5776:
5730:
5724:
5704:
4923:
4802:
3865:
3599:
3458:
2952:
2437:
2417:
2074:
571:
257:
4553:
3753:
3370:
3355:
8684:
8552:
8185:
7961:
7466:
7080:
6963:
6902:
6897:
6880:
6840:
6348:
6255:
6191:
5904:
5694:
5672:
5296:
5065:
4821:
4273:
3295:
2707:
2511:
1963:
1937:
1919:
1911:
684:
494:, a poetic name for the gods. In Old Norse poetry, the word is found as a term for 'feast', e.g.
444:
388:
362:
104:
6008:
4400:
4323:
4288:
4283:
3365:
3195:
2804:
2759:
2484:
598:
8638:
8602:
8557:
8477:
8289:
8282:
8250:
8205:
8175:
8103:
7621:
7611:
7471:
7376:
7282:
7227:
6924:
6790:
6770:
6683:
6492:
6419:
6390:
6378:
6241:
5980:
5613:
5467:
5427:
4867:
4832:
4760:
4750:
4609:
4573:
4223:
3962:
3245:
2566:
2531:
2285:
2244:
2214:
2100:
2078:
2055:
2032:
1874:
1851:
1832:
1813:
1726:
1134:
1115:
951:), and increased supernatural activity, such as the Wild Hunt and the increased activities of
280:
115:
4001:
3870:
2137:
969:, an event focused on collective female beings attested by Bede as having occurred among the
8607:
8413:
8356:
8200:
8195:
8180:
8027:
8005:
7794:
7652:
7581:
7526:
7511:
7296:
6983:
6953:
6855:
6845:
6780:
6596:
6497:
6131:
5966:
5900:
5869:
5699:
5658:
5644:
5291:
5150:
5095:
5085:
5055:
5050:
4892:
4816:
4480:
4193:
3738:
3693:
3453:
3310:
3135:
2892:
2734:
2591:
2455:
2346:
2321:
2051:
1901:
1160:
1137:
varies by practitioner. Some have private ceremonies at home, while others do so with their
1063:
788:
771:
421:
392:
276:
229:
92:
7591:
4328:
3850:
1518:
8592:
8431:
8210:
8135:
8085:
7909:
7789:
7747:
7727:
7712:
7431:
7426:
7406:
7199:
7182:
7172:
6958:
6890:
6850:
6785:
6735:
6668:
6353:
6141:
6097:
5984:
5956:
5951:
5924:
5840:
5809:
5781:
5759:
5754:
5651:
5538:
5394:
5359:
5221:
5145:
5135:
5070:
5060:
5000:
4877:
4690:
3898:
3646:
2711:
2546:
2341:
2331:
2316:
2239:
1714:
1438:
1239:, the birth of the sun, is an ancient Turkic festival that celebrates the winter solstice.
1214:
1180:
1156:
1126:
1107:
983:
818:
It was ancient custom that when sacrifice was to be made, all farmers were to come to the
767:
613:
604:
577:
417:
373:
195:
88:
6626:
6522:
6162:
6137:
6101:
4614:
4243:
4178:
4021:
3905:
3375:
3325:
3315:
3240:
2097:
An
Icelandic-English Dictionary: Based on the Ms. Collections of the Late Richard Cleasby
8532:
8255:
8230:
8215:
8145:
8140:
8068:
8062:
7840:
7702:
7647:
7521:
7451:
7401:
7248:
6968:
6936:
6930:
6820:
6760:
6601:
6569:
6507:
6477:
6407:
6022:
6018:
6012:
5400:
5271:
5203:
5120:
5115:
5100:
5010:
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4953:
4948:
4943:
4908:
4843:
4604:
4599:
4468:
4351:
4346:
4303:
4233:
4228:
4148:
4037:
4011:
3996:
3835:
3488:
3350:
3185:
2874:
2280:
1230:
1190:
1011:
In modern
Germanic language-speaking areas and some other Northern European countries,
819:
434:
3017:
8754:
8674:
8668:
8648:
8542:
8497:
8324:
8220:
8165:
8150:
8050:
8044:
7904:
7825:
7763:
6870:
6865:
6745:
6740:
6663:
6385:
6343:
6296:
6248:
5766:
5563:
5508:
5354:
5344:
5276:
4568:
4548:
4533:
4475:
4423:
4308:
4298:
4268:
4238:
4203:
4173:
4138:
4006:
3945:
3920:
3845:
3823:
3733:
3681:
3594:
3215:
3055:
3007:
2616:
2442:
2143:
1967:
1923:
1722:
1163:
groups celebrate Yule at the same time as the
Christian holiday in a secular manner.
1048:
929:
922:
735:
729:
357:
175:
162:
45:
3205:
3150:
2789:
8562:
8512:
8472:
8398:
7899:
7847:
7682:
7441:
6941:
6815:
6472:
6363:
6323:
6269:
6065:
6059:
5863:
5741:
5411:
5349:
5130:
5110:
5035:
5025:
4933:
4913:
4872:
4390:
3718:
2676:
1195:, an event attested from Old Norse sources as having occurred among the pagan Norse
1052:
1044:
898:
119:
7929:
7606:
7601:
6087:
4293:
4253:
4133:
4118:
3758:
3639:
3473:
3463:
3235:
3160:
3087:
2869:
2809:
964:
863:
262:
794:
A description of heathen Yule practices is provided (notes are
Hollander's own):
532:
508:
400:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8265:
8245:
8225:
8170:
8056:
8021:
7939:
7914:
7835:
7815:
7810:
7784:
7737:
7717:
7667:
7048:
6835:
6775:
6755:
6715:
6710:
6631:
6581:
6043:
5998:
5960:
5914:
5736:
5583:
5369:
5334:
5261:
5226:
5125:
5045:
4938:
4619:
4558:
4528:
4438:
4405:
4278:
4248:
4208:
4188:
4168:
4143:
4072:
4062:
3967:
3604:
3290:
3200:
3165:
3155:
3120:
2461:
2431:
2351:
2224:
1233:, an Iranian festival celebrated on the "longest and darkest night of the year".
851:
629:
334:
316:
312:
65:
447:
remains uncertain, though numerous speculative attempts have been made to find
8587:
8547:
8517:
8502:
8492:
8260:
7677:
7642:
7491:
6978:
6919:
6885:
6678:
6658:
6611:
6606:
6502:
6467:
6457:
6234:
6111:
5890:
5873:
5771:
5523:
5462:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5329:
5266:
5256:
5246:
5181:
5040:
5015:
4968:
4725:
4445:
4341:
4333:
4213:
4158:
4113:
4108:
4093:
3910:
3609:
3250:
3175:
3170:
3125:
2471:
2466:
2403:
2396:
2104:
1906:
1889:
1222:
1170:
1133:, who is viewed as the newborn solstice sun. The method of gathering for this
1130:
933:
907:
665:
504:
296:
3830:
3345:
2794:
550:
287:. Furthermore, some present-day Christmas customs and traditions such as the
8537:
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8482:
8462:
8441:
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7919:
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7697:
7692:
7687:
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6621:
6616:
6591:
6547:
6487:
6338:
6214:
6055:
5945:
5844:
5573:
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5457:
5374:
5339:
5186:
4963:
4680:
4485:
4453:
4363:
4318:
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4067:
4052:
3793:
3656:
3275:
3225:
3220:
3140:
2647:
2561:
2275:
2120:
1758:
1385:
1016:
940:
915:
903:
800:
784:
292:
249:
233:
166:
158:
38:
7742:
6914:
5447:
4685:
4358:
4047:
3940:
3448:
3438:
3408:
3385:
2957:
2844:
2738:
2336:
2199:
1174:
1114:, for example, celebrate in a way as close as possible to how they believe
514:
425:
2132:
8527:
8436:
8421:
8130:
7933:
7924:
7878:
7722:
7596:
7496:
6993:
6947:
6688:
6542:
6527:
6462:
6447:
6436:
6158:
6117:
6077:
6071:
6049:
6002:
5598:
5593:
5578:
5548:
5432:
5301:
5155:
4730:
4715:
4665:
4650:
4543:
4313:
4198:
4163:
4128:
4042:
3957:
3915:
3818:
3788:
3768:
3688:
3423:
3360:
3340:
3335:
3260:
3255:
3190:
3072:
2992:
2987:
2932:
2917:
2829:
2799:
2784:
2774:
2606:
2601:
2536:
2521:
1236:
1198:
911:
471:
372:
referred to the period after Yule (January). Both words are cognate with
288:
2001:
1915:
1431:
17:
8507:
8426:
8363:
7868:
7863:
7768:
7732:
7657:
7626:
6673:
6512:
6452:
6318:
5928:
5588:
5568:
5558:
5472:
5452:
5437:
5364:
5306:
4675:
4523:
4263:
4183:
4153:
4098:
4016:
3893:
3773:
3763:
3629:
3624:
3443:
3413:
3115:
3110:
3067:
2927:
2884:
2864:
2819:
2779:
2751:
2551:
2506:
2477:
2410:
2372:
2295:
2189:
1401:
1204:
743:
396:
100:
4771:
7873:
7830:
7820:
7456:
7334:
6830:
6800:
6586:
6532:
6313:
5553:
5543:
5533:
5518:
5513:
5442:
4123:
4088:
3798:
3708:
3698:
3651:
3493:
3433:
3145:
3082:
3045:
2997:
2912:
2581:
2311:
2290:
2265:
2209:
1933:"Celebrations; It's Solstice, Hanukkah, Kwannza: Let There Be Light!"
954:
775:
4519:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
3634:
3478:
3280:
3027:
3022:
2962:
2854:
2234:
680:
612:
Yule is attested early in the history of the Germanic peoples; in a
7974:
1604:
1445:, Oxford University Press, December 2019. Accessed 9 December 2019.
568:
as unlikely. The French word is first attested in the Anglo-Norman
7672:
6358:
6121:
6105:
6081:
6039:
5992:
5988:
5976:
5910:
5749:
5603:
5528:
5482:
5281:
5241:
4720:
4710:
4670:
4660:
4655:
4578:
4103:
3930:
3875:
3783:
3778:
3713:
3661:
3614:
3498:
3483:
3380:
3330:
3320:
3300:
3285:
3270:
3265:
3230:
3180:
3130:
3077:
3060:
3050:
3037:
2982:
2967:
2907:
2902:
2824:
2769:
2764:
2596:
2586:
2526:
2356:
2270:
2219:
2204:
2194:
1210:
1138:
1122:
991:
871:
739:
692:
299:, and others may have connections to older pagan Yule traditions.
644:
corresponding to either modern December or December and January.
7894:
7558:
5918:
5894:
5859:
5608:
4645:
4458:
4431:
3888:
3883:
3619:
3468:
3390:
3305:
2947:
2937:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2814:
2621:
2576:
2501:
2424:
2249:
2229:
1227:, an ancient Roman winter festival in honour of the deity Saturn
962:
639:
633:
625:
351:
345:
339:
260:
253:
7978:
6187:
5813:
4775:
2680:
2147:
939:
Scholars have connected the month event and Yule period to the
563:
525:
366:
referred to the period before the Yule festival (December) and
283:
to describe Christmas and other festivals occurring during the
3666:
2977:
2897:
2326:
1780:
616:
calendar of the 5–6th century CE it appears in the month name
6183:
1890:"Modern Pagan Festivals: A Study in the Nature of Tradition"
558:
and several other French dictionaries of etymology. But the
451:
cognates outside the Germanic group, too. The compound noun
3569:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
360:"), the latter indicating the month of "Yule", whereby
8654:
The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters
1261:
For a brief overview of the proposed etymologies, see
437:
228:) is a winter festival historically observed by the
8626:
8455:
8412:
8348:
8274:
8118:
8078:
8037:
8014:
7887:
7856:
7803:
7777:
7756:
7635:
7580:
7567:
7365:
7260:
7171:
7002:
6724:
6645:
6556:
6433:
6287:
6151:
6032:
5938:
5883:
5852:
5682:
5622:
5496:
5420:
5315:
5212:
5169:
4986:
4901:
4858:
4851:
4809:
4743:
4633:
4592:
4511:
4504:
4414:
4376:
4081:
4030:
3989:
3980:
3587:
3509:
3399:
3101:
3036:
2883:
2750:
2727:
2635:
2494:
2381:
2365:
2304:
2258:
2182:
482:is interpreted as coming from one of Odin's names,
154:
146:
135:
125:
110:
83:
75:
58:
1848:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
1076:
569:
455:('Yule-time') is first attested from around 1475.
624:, and, in the 8th century, the English historian
602:Illustration of an ancient Nordic Yule festival (
576:, or "History of the English People", written by
356:indicate the 12-day festival of "Yule" (later: "
1740:Bosworth, Joseph; Toller, T. Northcote (1898).
1546:
1544:
1501:
1499:
1188:
1143:
1057:
952:
945:
920:
878:
869:
861:
844:
836:
828:
811:
758:
727:
704:
671:
657:
649:
519:
495:
489:
483:
477:
469:
463:
411:
271:and cognates are still used in English and the
1960:The Swine in Old Nordic Religion and Worldview
1382:Dictionnaire historique de la langue française
1296:
1092:
1007:Relationship with Christmas in Northern Europe
556:Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
7990:
6199:
5825:
4787:
2692:
2159:
1068:
1037:
1029:
1021:
826:also; and all the blood from them was called
405:
8:
8371:Speak of the Devil: The Canon of Anton LaVey
1867:Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway
1719:The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology
618:
543:
537:
462:), the long-bearded god Odin bears the name
428:
382:
4421:
2721:Mythological Norse people, items and places
1388:), édition Le Robert, t. 2, 2012, p. 1805ab
1220:
1084:
893:Significance and connection to other events
443:. Whether the term existed exterior to the
44:"Joulu" redirects here. For the album, see
8345:
7997:
7983:
7975:
7577:
6206:
6192:
6184:
5832:
5818:
5810:
4855:
4794:
4780:
4772:
4508:
3986:
2747:
2699:
2685:
2677:
2166:
2152:
2144:
1869:. Translated by Lee M. Hollander. Austin:
1776:"5 things you didn't know about Satanists"
1637:
1284:
64:
55:
3519:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1977:"Like Magic, Witchcraft Charms Teenagers"
1905:
1755:"Wiccans, pagans ready to celebrate Yule"
1673:
1605:"Jul, disting och förkyrklig tideräkning"
1550:
1505:
1358:
1201:, the modern Scandinavian Christmas feast
2000:OED Online (December 2022). "yule, n.".
1697:
1685:
1661:
1490:
1346:
742:and that after the oath-swearing it was
597:
238:Christianisation of the Germanic peoples
1590:
1578:
1466:
1396:
1394:
1277:
1254:
206:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
184:) is being considered for merging. See
140:
2449:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
1931:Kannapell, Andrea (21 December 1997).
1649:
7536:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2010:from the original on 27 December 2022
1987:from the original on 28 December 2007
1774:Escobedo, Tricia (11 December 2015).
1609:Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi
1574:
1562:
1519:"Saga Hákonar góða – heimskringla.no"
1478:
1454:
433:, and are thought to be derived from
240:. In present times adherents of some
7:
5631:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
1900:(3). Taylor & Francis: 251–273.
1753:Buescher, James (15 December 2007).
1529:from the original on 16 October 2023
1370:
1304:
1300:
1262:
1125:, this holiday is celebrated at the
842:, the vessel holding the blood; and
332:, sometimes plural. The Old English
3579:named weapons, armour and treasures
2025:Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend
1975:La Ferla, Ruth (13 December 2000).
1850:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1831:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1412:from the original on 24 August 2022
959:—undead beings who walk the earth.
770:who ruled from 934 to 961 with the
8634:An Interview with Peter H. Gilmore
5715:Left-hand path and right-hand path
4756:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1757:. Lancaster Online. Archived from
1619:from the original on 14 March 2023
1328:from the original on 12 March 2017
726:provide accounts of the custom of
25:
1945:from the original on 31 July 2009
1808:. Translated by Anthony Faulkes.
1788:from the original on 7 March 2019
683:are given; one is "Yule-beings" (
188:to help reach a consensus. ›
7957:
7956:
7412:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
7307:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
6120:°: Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales (
5370:Spellwork / Incantation
4842:
3419:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
2661:
2660:
2131:
2119:
2071:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
2048:A Handbook of Germanic Etymology
1888:Hutton, Ronald (December 2008).
1402:"JOLI : Etymologie de JOLI"
1173:
1064:in Iceland and the Faroe Islands
476:, composed in the 12th century,
5792:Witchcraft Research Association
1865:Hollander, Lee M., ed. (2007).
1322:Bokmålsordboka | Nynorskordboka
1019:holiday season. In addition to
647:While the Old Norse month name
488:, closely related to Old Norse
7392:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
7321:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
6704:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
6483:Legend of the Christmas Spider
5787:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
5199:Holly King / Oak King
3856:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1804:Faulkes, Anthony, ed. (1995).
1:
8304:The Secret Life of a Satanist
7343:Christmas television specials
7242:The New Oxford Book of Carols
6329:Annunciation to the shepherds
2073:. Translated by Angela Hall.
1035:in English, examples include
850:, the sacrificial twigs [
796:
632:calendar included the months
267:("Mothers' Night"). The term
7397:Christmas and holiday season
5690:List of Wiccan organisations
1108:contemporary pagan religions
1015:and its cognates denote the
524:(with the Old French suffix
383:
4888:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
3926:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
2006:. Oxford University Press.
1297:Bosworth & Toller (1898
783:spent most of this time in
232:that was incorporated into
181:Contains special characters
8771:
6309:Adoration of the Shepherds
6066:Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
4919:Church and School of Wicca
4840:
4593:Festivals and holy periods
1603:Nordberg, Andreas (2006).
1207:, a Slavic winter festival
710:, referring to the event.
679:, different names for the
594:Months, heiti and kennings
562:sees this explanation for
376:
70:Hauling a Yule log in 1832
43:
36:
29:
8745:Events in Norse mythology
8680:Christmas-linked holidays
8364:Satanis: The Devil's Mass
7952:
7553:WWE Tribute to the Troops
7314:A Visit from St. Nicholas
7235:The Oxford Book of Carols
6811:Feast of the Seven Fishes
6374:Massacre of the Innocents
6223:
6172:
5638:The Meaning of Witchcraft
3861:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
3574:named animals and plants
2718:
2656:
2003:Oxford English Dictionary
1907:10.1080/00155870802352178
1871:University of Texas Press
1742:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
1030:
1022:
928:, still reflected in the
910:." The traditions of the
805:
799:
724:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks
720:Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar
560:Oxford English Dictionary
503:It has been thought that
141:§ Date of observance
63:
8695:Early Germanic festivals
8503:Carpe diem, carpe noctem
7355:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
5237:Wiccan views of divinity
4974:Universal Eclectic Wicca
3682:Black elves (Svartálfar)
2517:Early Germanic calendars
1958:Kovářová, Lenka (2011).
307:The modern English noun
246:Modern Germanic paganism
208: instead of letters.
186:templates for discussion
8690:Early Germanic calendar
8191:Stanisław Przybyszewski
7517:Small Business Saturday
7387:Black Friday (shopping)
7382:Black Friday (partying)
6876:Nine Lessons and Carols
6806:Events and celebrations
5720:Cunning folk in Britain
4564:Sacred trees and groves
3804:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
3677:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
2183:Gods and divine figures
2046:Orel, Vladimir (2003).
1746:Oxford University Press
1577::180–181, 379–380) and
1437:16 October 2023 at the
1189:
1131:Great horned hunter god
1116:ancient Germanic pagans
1090:in the Netherlands and
1002:Contemporary traditions
988:Early Germanic calendar
963:
953:
946:
921:
879:
870:
862:
845:
837:
829:
812:
768:King Haakon I of Norway
759:
728:
705:
688:
672:
663:. In chapter 55 of the
658:
650:
640:
634:
619:
580:between 1136 and 1140.
570:
564:
549:
531:
526:
520:
507:
500:(→ 'a raven's feast').
496:
490:
484:
478:
470:
464:
439:
367:
361:
352:
346:
340:
333:
315:
261:
242:new religious movements
8339:The Satanic Scriptures
8332:Letters from the Devil
7161:Post-War United States
5504:Magical tools in Wicca
5076:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
4422:
3672:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
3321:Narfi (father of Nott)
2124:Quotations related to
2069:Simek, Rudolf (2007).
2023:Orchard, Andy (1997).
1221:
1148:
1129:as the rebirth of the
1093:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1058:
1038:
806:Hollander translation
750:Saga of Hákon the Good
609:
544:
538:
536:"easy", Modern French
513:
429:
412:
406:
399:
273:Scandinavian languages
194:This article contains
8725:Northumbrian folklore
8720:Modern pagan holidays
8613:Social stratification
8385:Satan Takes a Holiday
7210:Hit singles in the US
7205:Hit singles in the UK
6766:Carols by Candlelight
6694:Santa Claus' daughter
6302:Adoration of the Magi
5710:Witch-cult hypothesis
5666:Charge of the Goddess
5407:Solitary practitioner
5325:Drawing down the Moon
5106:Cerridwen Fallingstar
4827:Wicca and LGBT people
3814:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
3093:Sister-wife of Njörðr
2404:Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem
2390:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2093:Vigfússon, Guðbrandur
1384:(sous la direction d'
996:Thietmar of Merseburg
696:Eyvindr skáldaspillir
601:
530:; compare Old French
468:('the Yule one'). In
460:List of names of Odin
285:winter holiday season
32:Yule (disambiguation)
8710:December observances
8318:The Devil's Notebook
8236:Benjamin De Casseres
8091:First Satanic Church
7502:Santa's Candy Castle
6826:Google Santa Tracker
5907:° (African American)
4883:Central Valley Wicca
4584:Wetlands and islands
3704:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
2636:Modern pagan revival
2612:Wetlands and islands
2462:Old English language
2175:Anglo-Saxon paganism
2140:at Wikimedia Commons
1846:Hoad, T. F. (1996).
1827:Hoad, T. F. (1993).
1432:jolly, adj. and adv.
1155:Some members of the
971:heathen Anglo-Saxons
554:), according to the
30:For other uses, see
8715:January observances
8618:Universal Darwinism
8297:The Satanic Rituals
8241:Arthur Schopenhauer
8156:Niccolò Machiavelli
8126:Friedrich Nietzsche
8119:Influential figures
7507:Santa Claus Village
7422:Christmas Mountains
7328:Journey of the Magi
6334:Baptism of the Lord
5731:Malleus Maleficarum
5725:European witchcraft
5705:Neopagan witchcraft
4860:British Traditional
4803:Neopagan witchcraft
3866:Narfi (son of Loki)
3013:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
2495:Society and culture
2438:Finnesburg Fragment
2418:De temporum ratione
2099:. Clarendon Press.
1761:on 29 December 2007
1715:Barnhart, Robert K.
572:Estoire des Engleis
258:heathen Anglo-Saxon
105:atheistic Satanists
8730:Religious holidays
8553:Jungian psychology
8456:Ideas and concepts
8186:Maria de Naglowska
7617:Twelve-dish supper
7467:Jews and Christmas
7417:Christmas Lectures
7146:American Civil War
6881:NORAD Tracks Santa
6257:Saint Nicholas Day
5746:Magical alphabets
5695:Bricket Wood coven
5673:Enchanted Feminism
5066:Zsuzsanna Budapest
4822:Etymology of Wicca
4512:Religious practice
4486:Old Norse language
3953:Váli (son of Loki)
3841:Líf and Lífthrasir
3749:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3744:Horses of the Æsir
3724:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2865:Váli (son of Odin)
2708:Old Norse religion
1981:The New York Times
1938:The New York Times
977:Date of observance
888:Academic reception
610:
445:Germanic languages
89:Northern Europeans
79:Yuletide, Yulefest
8735:Scottish folklore
8705:Germanic paganism
8662:
8661:
8639:Sigil of Baphomet
8603:Self-preservation
8558:Law of the jungle
8478:Balance of nature
8408:
8407:
8290:The Satanic Witch
8283:The Satanic Bible
8251:Bernardino Nogara
8206:Benjamin Franklin
8176:William Mortensen
7972:
7971:
7948:
7947:
7612:Thirteen desserts
7532:Virginia O'Hanlon
7377:Advent Conspiracy
7291:Films (Christmas,
7283:A Christmas Carol
7228:Carols for Choirs
6771:Cavalcade of Magi
6751:Boar's Head Feast
6420:Star of Bethlehem
6391:Nativity of Jesus
6379:flight into Egypt
6264:St. Stephen's Day
6181:
6180:
6176:
6058:: Roman Empire° (
5957:Deygān, Maidyarem
5807:
5806:
5428:Wheel of the Year
5081:Patricia Crowther
4982:
4981:
4868:Alexandrian Wicca
4833:Dettmer v. Landon
4769:
4768:
4761:Nordic Bronze Age
4751:Germanic paganism
4739:
4738:
4610:Germanic calendar
4574:Temple at Uppsala
4372:
4371:
3976:
3975:
3936:Þjálfi and Röskva
3880:Personifications
2743:and other figures
2674:
2673:
2532:Germanic paganism
2286:Hengist and Horsa
2245:Wayland the Smith
2136:Media related to
2084:978-0-85991-513-7
1880:978-0-292-73061-8
1829:English Etymology
1638:OED Online (2022)
1285:OED Online (2022)
1121:In most forms of
858:
857:
691:). A work by the
584:Germanic paganism
202:rendering support
172:
171:
16:(Redirected from
8762:
8700:English folklore
8608:Social Darwinism
8414:Satanic holidays
8357:The Satanic Mass
8346:
8311:We Are Satanists
8201:Grigori Rasputin
8196:Helena Blavatsky
8181:Aleister Crowley
8028:Peter H. Gilmore
8008:
8007:LaVeyan Satanism
7999:
7992:
7985:
7976:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7795:Redcurrant sauce
7584:
7578:
7573:
7547:Winter festivals
7297:Christmas horror
7264:
7175:
7006:
6861:Meals and feasts
6781:Christmas jumper
6728:
6699:Santa's reindeer
6651:
6597:Father Christmas
6561:
6518:Santa's workshop
6439:
6401:in later culture
6279:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6217:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6185:
6174:
6161:°: New Zealand (
6052:: Ancient Greece
5834:
5827:
5820:
5811:
5777:Witches' Sabbath
5700:New Forest coven
5659:Witchcraft Today
5645:The Spiral Dance
5192:Spirit of nature
5151:Silver RavenWolf
5096:Scott Cunningham
5086:Vivianne Crowley
5056:Raymond Buckland
4924:Cochrane's Craft
4893:Gardnerian Wicca
4856:
4846:
4817:History of Wicca
4796:
4789:
4782:
4773:
4509:
4427:
4194:Grove of fetters
3987:
3694:Fjalar (rooster)
3454:Fjalar and Galar
2748:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2678:
2664:
2663:
2456:Nine Herbs Charm
2168:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2135:
2123:
2108:
2088:
2065:
2052:Brill Publishers
2042:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1971:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1927:
1909:
1884:
1861:
1842:
1823:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1749:
1736:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1674:Kannapell (1997)
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1398:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1314:
1308:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1266:
1259:
1226:
1194:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1161:LaVeyan Satanist
1151:LaVeyan Satanism
1096:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1061:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1024:
968:
958:
949:
926:
882:
875:
867:
848:
840:
832:
815:
797:
772:Christianization
762:
733:
708:
677:
661:
653:
643:
637:
622:
575:
567:
547:
541:
529:
523:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
467:
442:
432:
426:Norwegian Bokmål
415:
409:
386:
380:
355:
349:
343:
266:
230:Germanic peoples
93:Germanic peoples
84:Observed by
68:
56:
21:
8770:
8769:
8765:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8622:
8593:Psychic vampire
8451:
8404:
8378:The Black Flame
8344:
8270:
8211:H. P. Lovecraft
8136:Herbert Spencer
8114:
8109:Council of Nine
8098:The Black House
8086:Church of Satan
8074:
8033:
8010:
8006:
8003:
7973:
7968:
7962:
7944:
7910:Pickled herring
7883:
7852:
7799:
7790:Cranberry sauce
7773:
7752:
7728:Red velvet cake
7713:Poppy seed roll
7631:
7582:
7571:
7569:
7563:
7542:White Christmas
7432:Christmas truce
7427:Christmas seals
7407:Christmas creep
7369:
7367:
7361:
7262:
7256:
7173:
7167:
7004:
6998:
6851:Lord of Misrule
6786:Christmas Peace
6736:Advent calendar
6726:
6720:
6669:Knecht Ruprecht
6649:
6647:
6641:
6563:
6559:
6552:
6441:
6437:
6429:
6354:Herod the Great
6289:
6283:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6182:
6177:
6168:
6147:
6098:Montol Festival
6028:
5999:Sanghamitta Day
5985:Makar Sankranti
5934:
5879:
5872:: West Africa (
5848:
5841:Winter solstice
5838:
5808:
5803:
5782:Flying ointment
5678:
5652:What Witches Do
5618:
5539:Book of Shadows
5492:
5416:
5395:Rite of passage
5360:Herbal medicine
5317:
5311:
5222:Wiccan morality
5214:
5208:
5165:
5146:Rosaleen Norton
5141:Frederic Lamond
5136:Philip Heselton
5091:Robert Cochrane
5071:Charles Cardell
5061:Eddie Buczynski
5031:Victor Anderson
5001:Doreen Valiente
4988:
4978:
4897:
4878:Blue Star Wicca
4847:
4838:
4805:
4800:
4770:
4765:
4735:
4691:Norse cosmology
4629:
4588:
4500:
4496:Later influence
4410:
4368:
4082:Other locations
4077:
4026:
3972:
3899:Sumarr and Vetr
3583:
3505:
3395:
3196:Gjálp and Greip
3097:
3032:
2879:
2744:
2742:
2733:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2675:
2670:
2652:
2631:
2557:Metrical charms
2490:
2377:
2361:
2300:
2254:
2178:
2172:
2116:
2111:
2091:
2085:
2068:
2062:
2054:. p. 205.
2045:
2039:
2022:
2013:
2011:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1974:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1930:
1887:
1881:
1864:
1858:
1845:
1839:
1826:
1820:
1803:
1791:
1789:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1752:
1739:
1733:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1698:Escobedo (2015)
1696:
1692:
1686:La Ferla (2000)
1684:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1662:Buescher (2007)
1660:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1551:Hollander (2007
1549:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1523:heimskringla.no
1517:
1516:
1512:
1506:Hollander (2007
1504:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1439:Wayback Machine
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1359:Vigfússon (1874
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1215:winter solstice
1181:Holidays portal
1179:
1172:
1169:
1157:Church of Satan
1153:
1127:winter solstice
1104:
1102:Modern paganism
1009:
1004:
984:winter solstice
979:
895:
890:
752:
716:
628:wrote that the
614:Gothic language
605:Die Gartenlaube
596:
591:
586:
578:Geoffrey Gaimar
305:
211:
210:
209:
200:Without proper
189:
155:Related to
130:Winter festival
71:
52:
42:
35:
28:
27:Winter festival
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8768:
8766:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8750:Eating parties
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8667:
8666:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8630:
8628:
8627:Related topics
8624:
8623:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8533:Grotesque body
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8459:
8457:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8432:Walpurgisnacht
8429:
8424:
8418:
8416:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8395:
8388:
8381:
8374:
8367:
8360:
8352:
8350:
8343:
8342:
8335:
8328:
8321:
8314:
8307:
8300:
8293:
8286:
8278:
8276:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8256:Basil Zaharoff
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8231:Ambrose Bierce
8228:
8223:
8218:
8216:Edward Bernays
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8146:Charles Darwin
8143:
8141:Arthur Desmond
8138:
8133:
8128:
8122:
8120:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8093:
8088:
8082:
8080:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8072:
8071:(2002–present)
8069:Peggy Nadramia
8066:
8063:Blanche Barton
8060:
8054:
8048:
8041:
8039:
8038:High Priestess
8035:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8030:(2001–present)
8025:
8018:
8016:
8012:
8011:
8004:
8002:
8001:
7994:
7987:
7979:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7953:
7950:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7891:
7889:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7860:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7841:Smoking Bishop
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7766:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7588:
7586:
7575:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7556:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7529:
7524:
7522:Super Saturday
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7452:Giving Tuesday
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7402:Christmas club
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7331:
7324:
7317:
7310:
7300:
7288:
7287:
7286:
7279:
7268:
7266:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7249:Piae Cantiones
7245:
7238:
7231:
7221:
7215:Music charts (
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7179:
7177:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7010:
7008:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6900:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6732:
6730:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6684:Père Fouettard
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6650:Saint Nicholas
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6602:Grandpa Indian
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6570:Saint Nicholas
6566:
6564:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6508:Old Man Winter
6505:
6500:
6495:
6493:Miner's figure
6490:
6485:
6480:
6478:Kallikantzaros
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6444:
6442:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6408:Nativity scene
6405:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6388:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6293:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6243:Children's Day
6239:
6232:
6229:Blue Christmas
6224:
6221:
6220:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6188:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6135:
6125:
6115:
6109:
6095:
6085:
6075:
6069:
6068:: Roman Empire
6063:
6053:
6047:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6016:
6006:
5996:
5974:
5964:
5954:
5949:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5922:
5908:
5898:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5867:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5814:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5614:Witch's ladder
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5559:Chalice/Goblet
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5401:Eko Eko Azarak
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5272:The Summerland
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5204:Mother goddess
5201:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5184:
5179:
5177:Triple Goddess
5173:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5121:Raven Grimassi
5118:
5116:Stewart Farrar
5113:
5108:
5103:
5101:Phyllis Curott
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5011:Maxine Sanders
5008:
5003:
4998:
4996:Gerald Gardner
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4954:Odyssean Wicca
4951:
4949:Georgian Wicca
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4909:1734 Tradition
4905:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4428:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:Æsir–Vanir War
4382:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:Hoddmímis holt
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4058:Körmt and Örmt
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3489:Sons of Ivaldi
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
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3213:
3208:
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3198:
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2880:
2878:
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2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
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2842:
2837:
2835:Móði and Magni
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
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2322:Dwarf (Dweorh)
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2259:Heroic figures
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
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2180:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2115:
2114:External links
2112:
2110:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2066:
2060:
2043:
2037:
2020:
1997:
1972:
1955:
1928:
1885:
1879:
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1856:
1843:
1837:
1824:
1818:
1801:
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1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1595:
1583:
1567:
1555:
1540:
1510:
1495:
1491:Kovářová (2011
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1423:
1390:
1374:
1363:
1351:
1347:Barnhart (1995
1339:
1309:
1289:
1276:
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1271:
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1267:
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1218:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1168:
1165:
1152:
1149:
1103:
1100:
1082:in Friesland,
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
978:
975:
894:
891:
889:
886:
856:
855:
820:heathen temple
816:
808:
807:
804:
751:
748:
715:
712:
674:Skáldskaparmál
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
435:Proto-Germanic
395:and Norwegian
387:); Old Norse,
378:𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃
311:descends from
304:
301:
275:as well as in
204:, you may see
192:
191:
190:
173:
170:
169:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
137:
133:
132:
127:
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116:Germanic pagan
112:
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80:
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72:
69:
61:
60:
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24:
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8686:
8683:
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8678:
8676:
8673:
8672:
8670:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8649:Hellfire Club
8647:
8645:
8644:Satanic panic
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8631:
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8625:
8619:
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8546:
8544:
8543:Individualism
8541:
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8529:
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8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
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8498:Carnivalesque
8496:
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8486:
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8423:
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8411:
8401:
8400:
8396:
8394:
8393:
8392:Strange Music
8389:
8387:
8386:
8382:
8380:
8379:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8368:
8366:
8365:
8361:
8359:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8341:
8340:
8336:
8334:
8333:
8329:
8327:
8326:
8325:Satan Speaks!
8322:
8320:
8319:
8315:
8313:
8312:
8308:
8306:
8305:
8301:
8299:
8298:
8294:
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8280:
8279:
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8273:
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8264:
8262:
8259:
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8254:
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8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8221:H. L. Mencken
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8166:Wilhelm Reich
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8151:Sigmund Freud
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8121:
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8110:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8099:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8079:Organizations
8077:
8070:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8055:
8052:
8049:
8046:
8045:Diane Hegarty
8043:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8029:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8000:
7995:
7993:
7988:
7986:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7965:
7955:
7954:
7951:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
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7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7888:Meat and fish
7886:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7849:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7826:Hot chocolate
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7793:
7791:
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7576:
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7566:
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7557:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7537:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7527:Ugly sweaters
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
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7483:
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7463:
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7458:
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7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7437:Controversies
7435:
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7430:
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7423:
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7410:
7408:
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7364:
7356:
7353:
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7322:
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7303:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7285:
7284:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7272:In literature
7270:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7259:
7251:
7250:
7246:
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7236:
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7162:
7159:
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7149:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7141:United States
7139:
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7127:
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7114:
7112:
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6987:
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6896:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:Moravian star
6869:
6867:
6866:Midnight Mass
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
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6834:
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6812:
6809:
6807:
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6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6756:Candle arches
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6746:Advent wreath
6744:
6742:
6741:Advent candle
6739:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6723:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6648:Companions of
6644:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:Gift-bringers
6555:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
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6459:
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6445:
6443:
6440:
6432:
6426:
6425:Twelfth Night
6423:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6386:Nativity Fast
6384:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6344:Christmastide
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:Angel Gabriel
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6297:Biblical Magi
6295:
6294:
6292:
6286:
6280:
6275:
6273:
6268:
6266:
6261:
6259:
6254:
6252:
6250:Christmas Eve
6247:
6245:
6240:
6238:
6233:
6231:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6197:
6195:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6171:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:°: Cornwall (
6103:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:: Sri Lanka (
6000:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5967:Dōngzhì, Tōji
5965:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5842:
5835:
5830:
5828:
5823:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5799:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5767:Witching hour
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:Paraphernalia
5495:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5355:Cone of power
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Fivefold kiss
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Reincarnation
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:Rule of Three
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5161:Joseph Wilson
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5051:Jack Bracelin
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4985:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:Coven of Atho
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:Öndvegissúlur
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:Heitstrenging
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:Völsung Cycle
4479:
4477:
4476:Tyrfing Cycle
4474:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:Gesta Danorum
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Fróði's Peace
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Shield-maiden
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Ask and Embla
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Ingunar-Freyr
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Wilweorthunga
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:Franks Casket
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:and mythology
2176:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2061:90-04-12875-1
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2038:0-304-34520-2
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1857:0-19-283098-8
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1838:0-19-283098-8
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1819:0-460-87616-3
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1723:HarperCollins
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:Hutton (2008)
1646:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:Orchard (1997
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:Orchard (1997
1576:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:Faulkes (1995
1463:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
976:
974:
972:
967:
966:
960:
957:
956:
950:
948:
942:
937:
935:
931:
930:Christmas ham
927:
925:
924:
918:, Yule boar (
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
892:
887:
885:
883:
881:
874:
873:
866:
865:
853:
849:
847:
841:
839:
833:
831:
825:
821:
817:
814:
810:
809:
802:
798:
795:
792:
790:
786:
780:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:
761:
749:
747:
745:
741:
737:
732:
731:
730:heitstrenging
725:
721:
714:Heitstrenging
713:
711:
709:
707:
701:
700:names of Odin
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
676:
675:
668:
667:
662:
660:
654:
652:
645:
642:
636:
631:
627:
623:
621:
620:fruma jiuleis
615:
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593:
588:
583:
581:
579:
574:
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566:
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456:
454:
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449:Indo-European
446:
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423:
419:
414:
408:
403:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
379:
375:
371:
370:
365:
364:
359:
358:Christmastide
354:
348:
342:
337:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
314:
310:
302:
300:
298:
295:, Yule boar,
294:
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274:
270:
265:
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259:
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251:
247:
243:
239:
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216:(also called
215:
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199:
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187:
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177:
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163:Christmastide
160:
157:
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86:
82:
78:
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67:
62:
57:
54:
50:
48:
40:
33:
19:
8740:Quarter days
8563:Lex talionis
8513:Epicureanism
8473:Antihumanism
8446:
8399:Death Scenes
8397:
8390:
8383:
8376:
8369:
8362:
8355:
8337:
8330:
8323:
8316:
8309:
8302:
8295:
8288:
8281:
8108:
8102:
8096:
7900:Gefilte fish
7848:Ponche crema
7683:Melomakarono
7551:
7442:Cyber Monday
7347:
7312:
7281:
7247:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7223:Music books
7216:
7054:Nazi Germany
6946:
6942:Secret Santa
6929:
6816:Flying Santa
6523:Tió de Nadal
6473:Korvatunturi
6324:Annunciation
6290:Christianity
6276:
6271:Sol Invictus
6138:Ziemassvētki
6127:
6102:Mummer's Day
6009:Şeva Zistanê
5798:Fluffy Bunny
5742:Cunning folk
5737:Granny woman
5729:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5477:
5412:Spiral dance
5399:
5350:Magic circle
5131:Yvonne Frost
5111:Janet Farrar
5026:Margot Adler
5006:Alex Sanders
4934:Dianic Wicca
4914:Celtic Wicca
4873:Algard Wicca
4831:
4624:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4401:Hjaðningavíg
4179:Glæsisvellir
3719:Gullinbursti
3366:Útgarða-Loki
2760:Almáttki áss
2626:
2485:Wið færstice
2483:
2476:
2454:
2447:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2305:Other beings
2128:at Wikiquote
2096:
2075:D. S. Brewer
2070:
2047:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2002:
1989:. Retrieved
1980:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1936:
1897:
1893:
1866:
1847:
1828:
1805:
1797:
1790:. Retrieved
1779:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1741:
1718:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1612:
1608:
1598:
1586:
1570:
1558:
1531:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1442:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1406:www.cnrtl.fr
1405:
1381:
1377:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1292:
1280:
1257:
1213:, a Punjabi
1154:
1144:
1120:
1105:
1098:in Estonia.
1091:
1083:
1075:
1074:in Finland,
1067:
1056:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1010:
980:
961:
944:
938:
934:Yule singing
919:
899:Rudolf Simek
896:
877:
859:
843:
835:
827:
793:
781:
755:
753:
717:
703:
670:
664:
656:
648:
646:
617:
611:
603:
589:Attestations
559:
555:
502:
457:
452:
369:æftera ġēola
329:
325:
321:
308:
306:
297:Yule singing
268:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
193:
179:
126:Significance
120:modern pagan
53:
46:
8578:Misanthropy
8573:Meritocracy
8568:Materialism
8349:Other media
8266:John Milton
8246:Max Stirner
8226:Jack London
8171:P.T. Barnum
8065:(1997–2002)
8059:(1990–1999)
8057:Karla LaVey
8053:(1985–1990)
8051:Zeena LaVey
8047:(1966–1985)
8024:(1966–1997)
8022:Anton LaVey
8015:High Priest
7915:Roast goose
7836:Mulled wine
7816:Champurrado
7811:Apple cider
7785:Bread sauce
7738:Szaloncukor
7718:Pumpkin pie
7668:Gingerbread
7622:Smörgåsbord
7263:Other media
7101:Philippines
7091:New Zealand
6974:Twelve Days
6931:Räuchermann
6886:Nutcrackers
6836:Las Posadas
6796:Decorations
6776:Christingle
6716:Zwarte Piet
6711:Snegurochka
6632:Sinterklaas
6582:Santa Claus
6092:Anglo-Saxon
6090:: England (
6074:°: Scotland
5961:Zoroastrian
5925:We Tripantu
5335:Handfasting
5262:White magic
5227:Wiccan Rede
5126:Gavin Frost
5046:Lois Bourne
4939:Faery Wicca
4559:Reginnaglar
4491:Orthography
4464:Jómsvíkinga
4439:Poetic Edda
4352:Urðarbrunnr
4347:Mímisbrunnr
4279:Singasteinn
4209:Hindarfjall
4189:Gnipahellir
4169:Ginnungagap
4144:Fyrisvellir
4139:Fornsigtuna
4073:Vimur River
4063:Slidr River
3836:Jörmungandr
3246:Hrímgrímnir
2875:Vili and Vé
2432:Ealuscerwen
2373:Middangeard
2337:Eoten/Thurs
2014:27 December
1991:21 December
1949:21 December
1765:21 December
1707:Works cited
1615:: 155–156.
1575:Simek (2007
1563:Simek (2007
1479:Simek (2007
1455:Simek (2007
1371:Hoad (1993)
1231:Yaldā Night
908:Bronze Ages
846:hlautteinar
630:Anglo-Saxon
313:Old English
236:during the
198:characters.
174:‹ The
76:Also called
8669:Categories
8588:Pragmatism
8583:Naturalism
8548:Iconoclasm
8275:Literature
8261:Mark Twain
8095:(see also
7643:Candy cane
7592:Joulupöytä
7492:Pikkujoulu
7156:New Mexico
7005:By country
6979:Wassailing
6920:Poinsettia
6727:Traditions
6679:Mrs. Claus
6659:Belsnickel
6612:Julemanden
6607:Joulupukki
6538:Wenceslaus
6503:North Pole
6468:Jack Frost
6458:Christkind
6413:Neapolitan
6236:Boxing Day
6140:: Baltic (
6118:Wren's Day
6112:Saturnalia
5971:East Asian
5891:Inti Raymi
5870:Dzon'ku Nu
5772:Witch-hunt
5623:Literature
5604:Tarot deck
5463:Lughnasadh
5390:Initiation
5385:Invocation
5380:Divination
5330:Great rite
5318:and ritual
5297:Watchtower
5267:Otherworld
5257:Witchcraft
5247:Craft name
5182:Horned God
5041:Gavin Bone
5016:Sybil Leek
4969:Stregheria
4959:Reclaiming
4852:Traditions
4726:Viking Age
4701:Philosophy
4569:Sonargöltr
4454:Runestones
4446:Prose Edda
4391:Fimbulvetr
4342:Hvergelmir
4309:Valaskjálf
4269:Sessrúmnir
4239:Jötunheimr
4214:Hlidskjalf
4204:Himinbjörg
4174:Glaðsheimr
4159:Gastropnir
4114:Bilskirnir
4094:Amsvartnir
4007:Gjallarbrú
3990:Underworld
3946:Landvættir
3846:Loddfáfnir
3824:Svaðilfari
3809:Hófvarpnir
3754:Blóðughófi
3734:Hildisvíni
3610:Aurvandill
3371:Vafþrúðnir
3356:Þrúðgelmir
3216:Harðgreipr
2472:Sutton Hoo
2467:Spong Hill
2105:1077900672
2050:. Leiden:
1744:. Oxford:
1732:0062700847
1565::379–380).
1493::195–196).
1481::180–181).
1443:OED Online
1305:Orel (2003
1301:Hoad (1996
1263:Orel (2003
1244:References
1223:Saturnalia
1159:and other
923:Sonargöltr
852:aspergills
838:hlautbolli
744:sacrificed
736:sonargöltr
666:Prose Edda
548:"feast" +
512:(→ French
505:Old French
497:hugins jól
363:ǣrra ġēola
320:, earlier
256:, and the
252:, the god
114:Cultural,
8685:Christmas
8538:Hierarchy
8523:Egotheism
8493:Carnality
8488:Burlesque
8483:Blasphemy
8468:Animalism
8463:Amorality
8442:Halloween
8437:Solstices
8427:Equinoxes
8161:Carl Jung
7930:Tourtière
7920:Romeritos
7857:Dumplings
7804:Beverages
7708:Pecan pie
7698:Panettone
7693:Pampushka
7688:Mince pie
7663:Fruitcake
7607:Réveillon
7487:NFL games
7482:NBA games
7477:In August
7447:Economics
7217:Billboard
7071:Indonesia
7014:Australia
6989:Yule goat
6964:Stockings
6898:Ornaments
6627:Père Noël
6622:Olentzero
6617:Noel Baba
6592:Ded Moroz
6548:Yule Lads
6488:Mari Lwyd
6339:Bethlehem
6216:Christmas
6088:Mōdraniht
6060:Christian
6056:Christmas
5946:Amaterasu
5927:: Chile (
5905:Caribbean
5893:°: Peru (
5847:festivals
5845:midwinter
5574:Parchment
5488:Wild Hunt
5458:Midsummer
5375:Banishing
5340:Wiccaning
5187:Green Man
4964:Seax-Wica
4681:Mead hall
4615:Þorrablót
4469:Legendary
4364:Yggdrasil
4324:Víðbláinn
4319:Vanaheimr
4294:Þrymheimr
4289:Þrúðvangr
4284:Þrúðheimr
4254:Munarvágr
4244:Mímameiðr
4219:Hnitbjorg
4134:Fólkvangr
4119:Brávellir
4068:Vadgelmir
4053:Kerlaugar
4022:Niðafjöll
3982:Locations
3958:Valkyries
3906:Sæhrímnir
3794:Gulltoppr
3759:Falhófnir
3657:Einherjar
3640:Landdísir
3474:Mótsognir
3464:Hreiðmarr
3376:Víðblindi
3326:Sökkmímir
3316:Mögþrasir
3276:Hyrrokkin
3241:Hrímgerðr
3236:Hræsvelgr
3226:Helreginn
3221:Helblindi
3141:Bergelmir
2805:Ítreksjóð
2712:mythology
2648:Seax-Wica
2643:Heathenry
2562:Moot hill
2366:Locations
2276:Eormenric
1968:154250096
1924:145003549
1416:24 August
1386:Alain Rey
1273:Citations
1086:Joelfeest
1017:Christmas
965:Mōdraniht
941:Wild Hunt
916:Yule goat
801:Old Norse
785:Trondheim
685:Old Norse
389:Icelandic
322:geoh(h)ol
303:Etymology
293:Yule goat
263:Mōdraniht
250:Wild Hunt
244:(such as
234:Christmas
167:Christmas
159:Midwinter
147:Frequency
39:Christmas
8528:Eugenics
8422:Birthday
8131:Ayn Rand
7963:Category
7934:meat pie
7925:Stuffing
7879:Varenyky
7748:Yule log
7723:Qurabiya
7597:Julebord
7570:Food and
7497:SantaCon
7462:El Gordo
7349:Yule Log
7121:Scotland
7034:Ethiopia
7019:Colombia
6994:Yule log
6948:Spanbaum
6925:Pyramids
6791:Crackers
6689:Sack Man
6575:folklore
6543:Yule cat
6448:Badalisc
6438:folklore
6349:Epiphany
6159:Matariki
6132:Germanic
6078:Korochun
6072:Hogmanay
6050:Brumalia
6021:: Iran (
6003:Buddhist
5901:Jonkonnu
5884:Americas
5862:: Mali (
5599:Talisman
5579:Pentacle
5549:Cauldron
5433:Solstice
5421:Holidays
5302:Familiar
5292:Summoner
5215:concepts
5156:Starhawk
4744:See also
4666:Hamingja
4620:Vetrnætr
4605:Dísablót
4600:Álfablót
4406:Ragnarök
4314:Valhalla
4304:Útgarðar
4249:Myrkviðr
4234:Járnviðr
4229:Iðavöllr
4149:Gálgviðr
4129:Fensalir
4038:Élivágar
4012:Náströnd
4002:Éljúðnir
3871:Níðhöggr
3819:Sleipnir
3789:Gullfaxi
3689:Fimafeng
3605:Auðumbla
3424:Billingr
3351:Þrívaldi
3336:Suttungr
3291:Járnsaxa
3261:Hrungnir
3191:Gillingr
3186:Geirröðr
3166:Fárbauti
3156:Býleistr
3121:Angrboða
3073:Gullveig
2785:Heimdall
2775:Dellingr
2666:Category
2602:Weregild
2522:Folkmoot
2352:Wælcyrge
2095:(1874).
2008:Archived
1985:Archived
1943:Archived
1916:40646468
1894:Folklore
1810:Everyman
1786:Archived
1717:(1995).
1623:26 March
1617:Archived
1533:26 March
1527:Archived
1435:Archived
1410:Archived
1332:11 March
1326:Archived
1237:Nardoqan
1217:festival
1199:Julebord
1191:Dísablót
1167:See also
1112:Heathens
1078:Joelfest
1031:yuletide
912:Yule log
897:Scholar
766:credits
763:the Good
757:Saga of
453:Yuletide
326:geh(h)ol
289:Yule log
281:Estonian
176:template
97:Heathens
87:Various
18:Yuletide
8598:Realism
8508:Elitism
7869:Pierogi
7864:Hallaca
7769:Borscht
7733:Stollen
7703:Pavlova
7678:Makówki
7658:Cozonac
7627:Wigilia
7512:Scrooge
7472:In July
7370:society
7302:Poetry
7136:Ukraine
7111:Romania
7076:Ireland
7066:Iceland
7061:Hungary
7049:Germany
7039:Finland
7029:England
7024:Denmark
6984:Windows
6915:Piñatas
6903:Parades
6856:Markets
6841:Letters
6831:Hampers
6674:Krampus
6513:Perchta
6453:Caganer
6152:Oceania
6023:Persian
6013:Kurdish
5952:Choimus
5948:: Japan
5929:Mapuche
5683:Related
5589:Scourge
5569:Incense
5544:Candles
5473:Samhain
5453:Beltane
5438:Equinox
5365:Scrying
5307:Animism
5287:Skyclad
5170:Deities
5036:Artemis
4989:figures
4987:Notable
4810:History
4696:Numbers
4676:Kenning
4549:Worship
4505:Society
4415:Sources
4334:Vingólf
4329:Vígríðr
4299:Uppsala
4264:Okolnir
4184:Glitnir
4154:Gandvik
4109:Bifröst
4099:Andlang
4017:Niflhel
3963:Völundr
3911:Skírnir
3851:Móðguðr
3647:Dragons
3630:Byggvir
3459:Gandalf
3444:Dvalinn
3414:Andvari
3251:Hrímnir
3206:Gunnlöð
3176:Fornjót
3171:Fjölvar
3151:Bölþorn
3126:Aurboða
3116:Alvaldi
3068:Gersemi
2885:Ásynjur
2790:Hermóðr
2780:Forseti
2730:Deities
2552:Maypole
2478:Widsith
2411:Beowulf
2397:Æcerbot
2382:Sources
2296:Waldere
2029:Cassell
1792:6 March
1303::550);
1299::424);
1205:Koliada
1049:Denmark
955:draugar
608:, 1880)
440:jehwlą-
422:Swedish
397:Nynorsk
393:Faroese
384:jiuleis
277:Finnish
178:below (
101:Wiccans
49:(album)
8518:Egoism
8104:Grotto
7940:Turkey
7874:Tamale
7831:Kissel
7821:Eggnog
7778:Sauces
7764:Menudo
7743:Turrón
7653:Cookie
7636:Sweets
7602:Kūčios
7583:Dinner
7457:Grinch
7368:modern
7335:Tomten
7294:Santa,
7277:novels
7195:Operas
7183:Carols
7151:Hawaii
7131:Sweden
7126:Serbia
7116:Russia
7106:Poland
7096:Norway
7086:Mexico
7044:France
6959:Stamps
6954:Szopka
6846:Lights
6801:Didukh
6637:Others
6587:Befana
6533:Vertep
6396:in art
6364:Joseph
6314:Advent
6142:Romuva
6114:: Rome
6033:Europe
5981:Pongal
5913:: US (
5874:Papaws
5853:Africa
5760:Hebrew
5755:Theban
5594:Statue
5554:Censer
5534:Boline
5519:Athame
5514:Amulet
5448:Ostara
5443:Imbolc
4539:Horses
4378:Events
4359:Ýdalir
4338:Wells
4274:Sindri
4259:Nóatún
4124:Brimir
4089:Asgard
4048:Ífingr
4031:Rivers
3941:Vættir
3799:Gyllir
3709:Fylgja
3699:Fenrir
3652:Draugs
3588:Others
3511:Heroes
3494:Brokkr
3449:Fáfnir
3439:Dúrnir
3434:Durinn
3409:Alvíss
3401:Dwarfs
3386:Vörnir
3296:Laufey
3161:Eggþér
3146:Bestla
3103:Jötnar
3088:Njörðr
3083:Kvasir
3046:Freyja
2998:Snotra
2958:Njörun
2913:Gefjon
2870:Víðarr
2810:Lóðurr
2739:jötnar
2735:dwarfs
2582:Symbel
2542:Horses
2512:Burial
2507:Blōtan
2317:Dragon
2312:Cofgod
2291:Sceafa
2225:Saxnot
2215:Hretha
2210:Gefjon
2200:Ēostre
2103:
2081:
2058:
2035:
1966:
1922:
1914:
1877:
1854:
1835:
1816:
1729:
1593::187).
1581::187).
1553::107).
1508::106).
1469::133).
1457::379).
1361::326).
1349::896).
1307::205).
1265::205).
1139:covens
1135:sabbat
1094:jõulud
1053:Norway
1051:, and
1045:Sweden
947:Jólnir
864:Njörðr
834:, and
824:horses
789:things
776:Norway
706:Jólnir
689:jólnar
539:festif
491:jólnar
485:Jólnir
465:Jólnir
424:, and
418:Danish
374:Gothic
341:ġēohol
328:, and
196:Gothic
150:Annual
7673:Kutia
7572:drink
7200:Songs
7174:Music
7081:Italy
6937:Seals
6891:dolls
6821:Gifts
6761:Cards
6664:Elves
6528:Turoń
6498:Nisse
6463:Grýla
6359:Jesus
6163:Māori
6122:Celts
6106:Celts
6082:Slavs
6044:Saami
6040:Beiwe
6019:Yalda
5993:Hindu
5989:India
5977:Lohri
5911:Soyal
5864:Dogon
5750:Runes
5584:Runes
5529:Besom
5509:Altar
5483:Esbat
5468:Mabon
5316:Rites
5282:Karma
5252:Magic
5242:Coven
4902:Other
4731:Völva
4721:Skald
4716:Seiðr
4711:Runes
4706:Rings
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4651:Félag
4641:Death
4634:Other
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4043:Gjöll
3968:Vörðr
3931:Troll
3916:Sköll
3876:Norns
3784:Grani
3779:Glenr
3769:Glaðr
3739:Hjúki
3714:Garmr
3667:Elves
3662:Eldir
3635:Dísir
3615:Beyla
3549:Hi–Hy
3499:Eitri
3484:Regin
3429:Dáinn
3381:Vosud
3361:Þrymr
3341:Þjazi
3331:Surtr
3301:Leikn
3271:Hymir
3266:Hrymr
3256:Hroðr
3231:Hljod
3211:Gymir
3201:Gríðr
3181:Gangr
3131:Baugi
3078:Hnoss
3061:Yngvi
3051:Freyr
3038:Vanir
3018:Þrúðr
2993:Skaði
2988:Sjöfn
2983:Sigyn
2968:Rindr
2953:Nanna
2933:Iðunn
2918:Gerðr
2908:Fulla
2903:Frigg
2830:Mímir
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2800:Hœnir
2770:Bragi
2765:Baldr
2607:Wicce
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2592:Thing
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2250:Wōden
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2205:Frige
2195:Beowa
1964:S2CID
1920:S2CID
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1318:"jol"
1249:Notes
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8675:Yule
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6969:Tree
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6080:°: (
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3620:Borr
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3469:Litr
3391:Ymir
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3311:Logi
3306:Litr
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2973:Sága
2948:Lofn
2943:Irpa
2938:Ilmr
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2820:Máni
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2240:Wade
2138:Yule
2126:Yule
2101:OCLC
2079:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2033:ISBN
2016:2022
1993:2007
1951:2007
1875:ISBN
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1806:Edda
1794:2019
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1535:2023
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3564:T–Y
3559:P–S
3554:I–O
3539:F–G
3534:D–E
3529:B–C
3479:Ótr
3281:Iði
3028:Vör
3023:Vár
3008:Syn
3003:Sól
2978:Sif
2963:Rán
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2893:Bil
2855:Týr
2845:Óðr
2547:Law
2327:Elf
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2190:Ēse
1902:doi
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