Doctor Zhivago (novel) - Knowledge (XXG)

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intellectual who lives in the steward's cottage. Kologrivov's daughters, Nadya (who is 15 years old) and Lipa (who is younger), are also living at the estate with a governess and servants. Innokenty (Nika) Dudorov, a 13-year-old boy who is the son of a convicted terrorist has been placed with Ivan Ivanovich by his mother and lives with him in the cottage. As Nikolai Nikolaevich and Ivan Ivanovich are strolling in the garden and discussing philosophy, they notice that a train passing in the distance has come to a stop in an unexpected place, indicating that something is wrong. On the train, an 11-year-old boy named Misha Grigorievich Gordon is traveling with his father. They have been on the train for three days. During that time, a kind man had given Misha small gifts and had talked for hours with his father, Grigory Osipovich Gordon. However, encouraged by his attorney, who was traveling with him, the man had become drunk. Eventually, the man had rushed to the vestibule of the moving train car, pushed aside the boy's father, opened the door and thrown himself out, killing himself. Misha's father had then pulled the emergency brake, bringing the train to a halt. The passengers disembark and view the corpse while the police are called. The deceased's lawyer stands near the body and blames the suicide on alcoholism.

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discontent grows. Around Christmastime, she resolves to part from the Kologrivovs, and to ask Komarovsky for the money necessary to do that. She plans to kill him with Rodya's revolver should he refuse her. On 27 December, the date of the Sventitsky's Christmas party, she goes to Komarovsky's home but is informed that he is at a Christmas party. She gets the address of the party and starts toward it, but relents and pays Pasha a visit instead. She tells him that they should get married right away, and he agrees. At the same moment that Lara and Pasha are having this discussion, Yuri and Tonya are passing by Pasha's apartment in the street, on their way to the Sventitskys. They arrive at the party and enjoy the festivities. Later, Lara arrives at the party. She knows no one there other than Komarovsky, and is not dressed for a ball. She tries to get Komarovsky to notice her, but he is playing cards and either does not notice her or pretends not to. Through some quick inferences, she realizes that one of the men playing cards with Komarovsky is Kornakov, a prosecutor of the Moscow court. He prosecuted a group of railway workers that included Kiprian Tiverzin, Pasha's foster father.

402:. Eventually, they are shooed into the room by the boarding house employees who are using the corridor. The boys are assured that Amalia is out of danger and, once inside the room, see her, half-naked and sweaty, talking with the cellist; she tells him that she had "suspicions" but "fortunately it all turned out to be foolishness." The boys then notice, in a dark part of the room, a girl (it is Lara) asleep on a chair. Unexpectedly, Komarovsky emerges from behind a curtain and brings a lamp to the table next to Lara's chair. The light wakes her up and she, unaware that Yuri and Misha are watching, shares a private moment with Komarovsky, "as if he were a puppeteer and she a puppet, obedient to the movements of his hand." They exchange conspiratorial glances, pleased that their secret was not discovered and that Amalia did not die. This is the first time Yuri sees Lara, and he is fascinated by the scene. Misha then whispers to Yuri that the man he is watching is the same one who got his father drunk on the train shortly before his father's suicide. 1666:

Pevear & Volokhonsky trans., p. 22. He also has told us that the Guichards started to live at the Montenegro immediately upon their arrival in Moscow, and that they stayed there "about a month" before they moved into the apartment over the dress shop. Pevear & Volokhonsky trans., p. 22. That means they vacated the Montenegro in October – November at the latest. But the suicide incident is in January. Perhaps this an oversight on Pasternak's part. Another explanation is that Komarovsky has retained the Montenegro room for his assignations with Lara, and Amalia has discovered them there together. Pasternak says that the commotion among the servants started before the suicide incident, and "before Komarovsky arrived" but this does not clarify whether Amalia's suicide attempt was before Komarovsky's arrival, or because of it. Pasternak, adopting the perspective of the servants, says "this foolish Guichard woman was being pumped full in number 24" not, for example, "... being pumped full in her room." Pevear & Volokhonsky trans., p. 22.

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Gimazetdinovich Galiullin). The police arrest Pavel Ferapontovich for his role in the strike. Pavel Ferapontovich's boy, Patulya (or Pasha or Pashka) Pavlovich Antipov, comes to live with Tiverzin and his mother. Tiverzin's mother and Patulya attend a demonstration which is attacked by dragoons, but they survive and return home. As the protestors flee the dragoons, Nikolai Nikolaevich (Yuri's uncle) is standing inside a Moscow apartment, at the window, watching the people flee. Some time ago, he moved from the Volga region to Petersburg, and at the same time moved Yuri to Moscow to live at the Gromeko household. Nikolai Nikolaevich had then come to Moscow from Petersburg earlier in the Fall, and is staying with the Sventitskys, who were distant relations. The Gromeko household consists of Alexander Alexandrovich Gromeko, his wife Anna Ivanovna, and his bachelor brother Nikolai Alexandrovich. Anna is the daughter of a wealthy steel magnate, now deceased, from the Yuriatin region in the Urals. They have a daughter Tonya.

766: 1197:, who had celebrated Pasternak's books of poetry as works of "pure, unbridled genius", however, considered the novel to be "a sorry thing, clumsy, trite and melodramatic, with stock situations, voluptuous lawyers, unbelievable girls, romantic robbers and trite coincidences." On the other hand, some critics praised it for being things that, in the opinion of translator Richard Pevear, it was never meant to be: a moving love story, or a lyrical biography of a poet in which the individual is set against the grim realities of Soviet life. Pasternak defended the numerous coincidences in the plot, saying that they are "traits to characterize that somewhat willful, free, fanciful flow of reality." In response to criticism in the West of his novel's characters and coincidences, Pasternak wrote to 479:, whose name is Gintz, is informed that a local military unit has deserted and is camped in a nearby cleared forest. Gintz decides to accompany a troop of Cossacks who have been summoned to surround and disarm the deserters. He believes he can appeal to the deserters' pride as "soldiers in the world's first revolutionary army." A train of mounted Cossacks arrives and the Cossacks quickly surround the deserters. Gintz enters the circle of horsemen and makes a speech to the deserters. His speech backfires so badly that the Cossacks who are there to support him gradually sheath their sabres, dismount and start to fraternize with the deserters. The Cossack officers advise Gintz to flee; he does, but he is pursued by the deserters and brutally murdered by them at the railroad station. 1160:, Pasternak's novel relies heavily on unbelievable coincidences (a reliance for which the plot was criticized). Pasternak uses the frequently intersecting paths of his cast of characters not only to tell several different people's stories over the decades-long course of the novel, but also to emphasize the chaotic, unpredictable nature of the time period in which it is set, and of reality more generally. In the end, immediately before his death, Zhivago has a revelation of "several existences developing side by side, moving next to each other at different speeds, and about one person's fate getting ahead of another's in life, and who outlives whom." This reflects the crisscrossing journeys of characters over decades, and represents the capricious chance governing their lives. 532:. He repeatedly bores Yuri with his long-winded lectures about the glories of socialism and the inevitability of its victory. Yuri spends more than two years with Liberius and his partisans, then finally manages to escape. After a grueling journey back to Yuriatin, made largely on foot, Yuri goes into town to see Lara first, rather than to Varykino to see his family. In town, he learns that his wife, children, and father-in-law fled the estate and returned to Moscow. From Lara, he learns that Tonya delivered a daughter after he left. Lara assisted at the birth and she and Tonya became close friends. Yuri gets a job and stays with Lara and her daughter for a few months. One of Lara's friends, Sima Tuntseva, gives her a lengthy sermon on 508:

visits sees Lara at the library. He decides to talk with her, but finishes up some work first, and when he looks up she is gone. He gets her home address from a request slip she had given the librarian. On another visit to town, he visits her at her apartment (which she shares with her daughter). She informs him that Strelnikov is indeed Pasha, her husband. During one of Yuri's subsequent visits to Yuriatin they consummate their relationship. They meet at her apartment regularly for more than two months, but then Yuri, while returning from one of their trysts to his house on the estate, is abducted by men loyal to Liberius, commander of the "Forest Brotherhood", the Bolshevik

1193:, wrote in January 1958: "A strong patriotic accent comes through, but with no trace of empty propaganda... With its abundant documentation, its intense local color and its psychological frankness, this work bears convincing witness to the fact that the creative faculty in literature is in no sense extinct in Russia. It is hard to believe that the Soviet authorities might seriously envisage forbidding its publication in the land of its birth". Some literary critics "found that there was no real plot to the novel, that its chronology was confused, that the main characters were oddly effaced, that the author relied far too much on contrived coincidences." 318: 1128:, Zhivago and others cease to talk politics. Zhivago, a stubborn non-conformist, rants within himself at the "blindness" of revolutionary propaganda and grows exasperated with "the conformity and transparency of the hypocrisy" of his friends who adhere to the prevailing dogma. Zhivago's mental and even physical health crumble under the strain of "a constant, systematic dissembling" by which citizens, rather than thinking for themselves, are expected to "show day by day contrary to what feel." In the epilogue, in which Russia is enveloped in 2521: 1099:

the tumultuous times that Russia faced in the first half of the 20th century, yet the common theme and the motivating force behind all their movement is a want of a steady home life. When we first meet Zhivago he is being torn away from everything he knows. He is sobbing and standing on the grave of his mother. We bear witness to the moment all stability is destroyed in his life and the rest of the novel is his attempts to recreate the security stolen from him at such a young age. After the

459:. Wounded by artillery fire, Yuri is sent to a battlefield hospital in the town of Meliuzeevo, where Lara is his nurse. Galiullin (the apprentice who was beaten in Part 2) is also in Lara's ward, recovering from injuries. He is now a lieutenant in Pasha's unit; he informs Lara that Pasha is alive, but she doubts him. Lara gets to know Yuri better but is not impressed with him. At the very end of this Part, it is announced in the hospital that there has been a revolution. 540:. Eventually, a townsman delivers a letter to Yuri from Tonya, which Tonya wrote five months before and which has passed through innumerable hands to reach Yuri. In the letter, Tonya informs him that she, the children, and her father are being deported, probably to Paris. She says "The whole trouble is that I love you and you do not love me," and "We will never, ever see each other again." When Yuri finishes reading the letter, he has chest pains and faints. 1216: 723: 40: 1206:

entity... a developing, passing, rolling, rushing inspiration. As if reality itself had freedom of choice... Hence the reproach that my characters were insufficiently realized. Rather than delineate, I was trying to efface them. Hence the frank arbitrariness of the "coincidences". Here I wanted to show the unrestrained freedom of life, its very verisimilitude contiguous with improbability.

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Yuri goes to render medical attention to Lara but then changes course to Kornakov because he is the nominal victim. He pronounces Kornakov's wound to be "a trifle", and is about to tend to Lara when Mrs. Sventitsky and Tonya urgently tell him that he must return home because something was not right with Anna Ivanovna. When Yuri and Tonya return home, they find that Anna Ivanovna has died.

3020: 568:'s crosshairs, he persuades Yuri that it is in her best interests to leave for the East. Yuri convinces Lara to go with Komarovsky, telling her that he will follow her shortly. Meanwhile, the hunted General Strelnikov (Pasha) returns for Lara. Lara, however, has already left with Komarovsky. After expressing regret over the pain he has caused his country and loved ones, Pasha commits 864:. You cannot imagine all the difficulties, torments, and anxieties which arise to confront me at the mere prospect, however unlikely, of such a possibility... One step out of place—and the people closest to you will be condemned to suffer from all the jealousy, resentment, wounded pride and disappointment of others, and old scars on the heart will be reopened... 443:. Yuri has married Tonya and is working as a doctor at a hospital in Moscow. Tonya gives birth to their first child, a son. Back in Yuriatin, the Antipovs also have their first child, a girl named Katenka. Although he loves Lara deeply, Pasha feels increasingly stifled by her love for him. In order to escape, he volunteers for the 1107:

called the "maternal object" (feminine love and affection) in his later romantic relationships with women. His first marriage, to Tonya, is not one born of passion but from friendship. In a way, Tonya takes on the role of the mother-figure that Zhivago always sought but lacked. This, however, was not

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was initiated by one of the biggest émigré organizations in Europe: the Central Association of Postwar Émigrées. While CAPE was known to engage in anti-Soviet activities, the printing of this edition was not an imposition of its own political will but rather a response to the spiritual demands of the

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in 1959 as weapon against the Soviet regime. The front cover and the binding identify the book in Russian; the back of the book states that it was printed in France. Important note: the miniature paperback edition was in 1959, that is after 1958 Nobel Award, not to be confused with the hardcover book

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After returning to Moscow, Zhivago's health declines; he marries another woman, Marina, and fathers two children with her. He also plans numerous writing projects which he never finishes. Yuri leaves his new family and his friends to live alone in Moscow and work on his writing. However, after living

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The narrative returns to the Spring of 1906. Lara is increasingly tormented by Komarovsky's control over her, which has now been going on for six months. In order to get away from him, she asks her classmate and friend Nadya Laurentovna Kologrivov to help her find work as a tutor. Nadya says she can

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and enrolls Lara in a girls' high school. The girls' school is the same school that Nadya Kologrivov attends. On Komarovsky's advice, Amalia invests in a small dress shop. Amalia and her children live at the Montenegro for about a month before moving into the apartment over the dress shop. Despite an

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In the shadow of all this grand political change, we see that everything is governed by the basic human longing for companionship. Zhivago and Pasha, in love with the same woman, both traverse Russia in these volatile times in search of such stability. They are both involved in nearly every level of

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The room is Room 24, the room in which the Guichards lived, but it appears they no longer live there at the time of this incident. Pasternak has told us that the Guichards moved to Moscow before the end of the Russo-Japanese War, which means they arrive in Moscow no later than early September 1905.

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in his dacha in Peredelkino on the evening of 30 May 1960. He first summoned his sons, and in their presence said, "Who will suffer most because of my death? Who will suffer most? Only Oliusha will, and I haven't had time to do anything for her. The worst thing is that she will suffer." Pasternak's

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and many civilians. Yuri and his family settle in an abandoned house on the estate. Over the winter, they read books to each other and Yuri writes poetry and journal entries. Spring comes and the family prepares for farm work. Yuri visits Yuriatin to use the public library, and during one of these

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We move forward to 1911. Lara visits the Kologrivovs' country estate with them for the last time. She is becoming discontented with her situation, but she enjoys the pastimes of the estate anyway, and she becomes an excellent shot with Rodya's revolver. When she and the family return to Moscow, her

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In early October, the workers of the Moscow-Brest railroad line go on strike. The foreman of the station is Pavel Ferapontovich Antipov. His friend Kiprian Savelyevich Tiverzin is called into one of the railroad workshops and stops a workman from beating his apprentice (whose name is Osip (Yusupka)

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Perm features in the novel under the name "Yuriatin" (which is a city invented by Pasternak for the book) and many locations for events in the book can be accurately traced there, since Pasternak left the street names mostly unchanged. For example, the Public Reading-Room in which Yuri and Larissa

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Shortly before he leaves, Yuri says goodbye to Lara. He starts by expressing his excitement over the fact that "the roof over the whole of Russia has been torn off, and we and all the people find ourselves under the open sky" with true freedom for the first time. Despite himself, he then starts to

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Later, while Yuri and Tonya are dancing, a shot rings out. There is a great commotion and it is discovered that Lara has shot Kornakov (not Komarovsky) and Kornakov has received only a minor wound. Lara has fainted and is being dragged by some guests to a chair; Yuri recognizes her with amazement.

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In January 1906, the Gromekos host a chamber music recital at their home one night. One of the performers is a cellist who is a friend of Amalia's, and her next-door neighbor at the Montenegro. Midway through the performance, the cellist is recalled to the Montenegro because, he is told, someone

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served as the inspiration for the character of Lara, and on one of his letters, the author wrote that Ivinskaya was "Lara in my book"; other characters of the novel received the features of the author himself. In the 1930s, Pasternak wrote works with autobiographical features on the theme of the

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clumsily tell Lara that he has feelings for her. Lara stops him and they part. A week later, they leave by different trains, she to Yuriatin and he to Moscow. On the train to Moscow, Yuri reflects on how different the world has become, and on his "honest trying with all his might not to love ."

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for the Kologrivovs. Lara admires the Kologrivovs, and they love her as if she were their own child. In her fourth year with the Kologrivovs, Lara is visited by her brother Rodya. He needs 700 rubles to cover a debt. Lara says she will try to get the money, and in exchange demands Rodya's cadet

356:, for Yuri's mother, Marya Nikolaevna Zhivago. Having long ago been abandoned by his father, Yuri is taken in by his maternal uncle, Nikolai Nikolaevich Vedenyapin, a philosopher and former Orthodox priest who now works for the publisher of a progressive newspaper in a provincial capital on the 1205:

Whatever the cause, reality has been for me like a sudden, unexpected arrival that is intensely welcome. I have always tried to reproduce this sense of being sent, of being launched... there is an effort in my novels to represent the whole sequence (facts, beings, happenings) as a great moving

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realized that the novel presented an opportunity to embarrass the Soviet government. An internal memo lauded the book's "great propaganda value": not only did the text have a central humanist message, but the Soviet government's having suppressed a great work of literature could make ordinary

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with her two children: Rodion (Rodya) and Larissa (Lara). Guichard's late husband was a Belgian who had been working as an engineer for the railroad and had been friends with Victor Ippolitovich Komarovsky, a lawyer and "cold-blooded businessman". Komarovsky sets them up in rooms at the seedy

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The next summer, Yuri (who is 11 years old) and Nikolai Nikolaevich travel to Duplyanka, the estate of Lavrenty Mikhailovich Kologrivov, a wealthy silk merchant. They are there not to visit Kologrivov, who is abroad with his wife, but to visit a mutual friend, Ivan Ivanovich Voskoboinikov, an

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The printing by Mouton Publishers of the 1,000 copies of an adulterated Russian-language version, organized by the CIA, had typos and truncated storylines, and it was illegal, because the owner of the manuscript was Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, who later put his name on the Mouton edition.

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In November 1911, Anna Ivanovna Gromeko becomes seriously ill with pneumonia. At this time, Yuri, Misha, and Tonya are studying to be a doctor, philologist, and lawyer respectively. Yuri learns that his father had a child, a boy named Yevgraf, by Princess Stolbunova-Enrizzi.

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The novel has been described as partly autibiographical, or autobiographical "partially in the external but mostly in internal sense", containing autobiographical elements; some of its characters were inspired by people close to the author: for example, Pasternak's mistress

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Pevear & Volokhonsky trans., p. 96 (Kornakov prosecuted Tiverzin's case); p. 34 (Tiverzin was put on trial for involvement in a railroad strike); p. 37 (Patulya Antipov came to live with the Tiverzins after his father was arrested in connection with the railroad

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Despite his decision to decline the award, the Soviet Union of Writers continued to denounce Pasternak in the Soviet press. Furthermore, he was threatened at the very least with formal exile to the West. In response, Pasternak wrote directly to Soviet Premier

615:, or war orphan, and her resemblance to both Yuri and Lara. Tanya tells both men of the difficult childhood she has had due to her mother abandoning her in order to marry Komarovsky. Much later, the two men meet over the first edition of Yuri Zhivago's poems. 790:

The CIA set out to publish 1,000 copies of a Russian-language hardcover edition at Mouton Publishers of the Hague in early September 1958, and arranged for 365 of them, in Mouton's trademark blue linen cover, to be distributed at the Vatican pavilion at the

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lampooning the Soviet State's campaign against Boris Pasternak. The cartoon depicts Pasternak and another convict splitting trees in the snow. In the caption, Pasternak says, "I won the Nobel Prize for literature. What was your crime?" The cartoon won the

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revolver along with some cartridges. She obtains the money from Kologrivov. She does not pay the money back, because she uses her wages to help support her boyfriend Pasha Antipov (see above) and his father (who lives in exile), without Pasha's knowledge.

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is long and intricate. It can be difficult to follow for two reasons. Firstly, Pasternak employs many characters, who interact with each other throughout the book in unpredictable ways. Secondly, he frequently introduces a character by one of his/her

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there is dying. Alexander Alexandrovich, Yuri and Misha come along with the cellist. At the Montenegro, the boys stand in a public corridor outside one of the rooms, embarrassed, while Amalia, who has taken poison, is treated with an

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on his own for a short time, he dies of a heart attack while riding the tram. Meanwhile, Lara returns to Russia to learn of her dead husband and ends up attending Yuri Zhivago's funeral. She persuades Yuri's half-brother, who is now

1013:, handwritten notices carrying the date and time of the funeral were posted throughout the Moscow subway system. As a result, thousands of admirers traveled from Moscow to Pasternak's civil funeral in Peredelkino. According to 955:, "Leaving the motherland will mean equal death for me. I am tied to Russia by birth, by life and work." After being ousted from power in 1964, Khrushchev read the novel and felt great regret for having banned the book at all. 1655:

Pevear & Volokhonsky trans., p. 23 (Tyshkevich is a cellist who lives next to the Guichards at the Montenegro); p. 62 (Tyshkevich is one of the performers at the Gromekos); p. 63 (Fadai Kazimirovich Tyshkevich is his full

1951: 564:. He offers to smuggle Yuri and Lara outside Soviet soil. They initially refuse, but Komarovsky states, falsely, that Pasha Antipov is dead, having fallen from favor with the Party. Stating that this will place Lara in the 2714: 467:

After his recovery, Zhivago stays on at the hospital as a physician. This puts him at close quarters with Lara. They are both (along with Galiullin) trying to get permission to leave and return to their homes.

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In view of the meaning given the award by the society in which I live, I must renounce this undeserved distinction which has been conferred on me. Please do not take my voluntary renunciation amiss.

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a romantic tie; while he feels loyal to her throughout his life, he never could find true happiness with her, for their relationship lacks the fervor that was integral to his relationship to Lara.

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General Yevgraf Zhivago, to assist her in her search for a daughter that she had conceived with Yuri, but had abandoned in the Urals. Ultimately, however, Lara disappears, believed arrested during

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position than in Pasternak's lifetime. The following year, Yevgeny Borisovich Pasternak was at last permitted to travel to Stockholm to collect his father's Nobel Medal. At the ceremony, cellist

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This refusal, of course, in no way alters the validity of the award. There remains only for the Academy, however, to announce with regret that the presentation of the Prize cannot take place.

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In the dead of winter, Lara and Yuri move back to the estate at Varykino where there are literal wolves at the door every night. Komarovsky reappears. Having used his influence within the

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The book referred to by Sergeyeva-Klyatis is Fleishman, Lazar. Встреча русской эмиграции с "Доктором Живаго": Борис Пастернак и "холодная война." Stanford, CA: Stanford University, 2009.

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arranged for the novel to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union by Sergio D'Angelo. Upon handing his manuscript over, Pasternak quipped, "You are hereby invited to watch me face the

765: 872:. The citation credited Pasternak's contribution to Russian lyric poetry and for his role in, "continuing the great Russian epic tradition". On 25 October, Pasternak sent a 360:. Yuri's father, Andrei Zhivago, was once a wealthy member of Moscow's merchant gentry, but has squandered the family's fortune in Siberia through debauchery and carousing. 1579: 822:. Recently released CIA documents do not show that the agency's efforts in publishing a Russian-language edition were intended to help Pasternak win the Nobel, however. 3075: 1971: 1608: 644:; both works could be the early attempts to produce a work based on the author's experience of the Revolution and the Civil War, by its concept similar to the one of 1998: 2029: 1043:

Until the 1980s, Pasternak's poetry was only published in heavily censored form. Furthermore, his reputation continued to be pilloried in State propaganda until

337:, then subsequently refers to that character by another of the three names or a nickname, without expressly stating that he is referring to the same character. 3070: 1028:

marks the path of the elect with thorns, and Pasternak was picked out and marked by God. He believed in eternity and he will belong to it... We excommunicated

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Komarovsky uses his political connections to shield Lara from prosecution. Lara and Pasha marry, graduate from university, and depart by train for Yuriatin.

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last words were, "I can't hear very well. And there's a mist in front of my eyes. But it will go away, won't it? Don't forget to open the window tomorrow."

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work for Nadya's own family because her parents happen to be looking for a tutor for her sister Lipa. Lara spends more than three years working as a

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Richard Pevear, Introduction, Pevear & Volokhonsky trans. (quoting Letter (in English) from Boris Pasternak to John Harris, 8 February 1959).

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Some people believe the Nobel Prize may be awarded to me this year. I am firmly convinced that I shall be passed over and that it will go to

2476: 1132:, the characters Dudorov and Gordon discuss how the war united Russia against a real enemy, which was better than the preceding days of the 499:, Yuri and his family decide to flee by train to Tonya's family's former estate (called Varykino), located near the town of Yuriatin in the 451:, to look for Pasha. The town happens to be where Yuri is now working as a military doctor. Elsewhere, Lt. Antipov is taken prisoner by the 2772: 2227: 1144:

would, to quote translator Richard Pevear, "lead to the final liberation that had been the promise of the Revolution from the beginning."

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expelled Feltrinelli from their membership in retaliation for his role in the publication of a novel they felt was critical of communism.

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that Feltrinelli was able to license translation rights into eighteen different languages well in advance of the novel's publication. The

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Social sciences – A Quarterly Journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences: INTERNATIONAL PROVOCATION: ON BORIS PASTERNAK’S NOBEL PRIZE

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wrote of the novel: "Doctor Zhivago will, I believe, come to stand as one of the great events in man's literary and moral history".

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to prevent its publication, Feltrinelli published an Italian translation of the book in November 1957. So great was the demand for

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Russian emigration that was greatly stirred by the release of Pasternak's novel in Italian without an original Russian edition.

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in 1965, and since then has twice been adapted for television, most recently as a miniseries for Russian TV in 2006. The novel

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in its original language, in order for Pasternak to win the Nobel prize and further harm the international credibility of the

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that the novel is "he first work of genius to come out of Russia since the revolution." When the novel came out in Italian,

1612: 3095: 3065: 2885: 2499:. Southern Illinois University Press: 1967. The Rowlands present an exhaustive analysis of most of the names in the novel. 1728:

Poetical Manuscripts and Autograph Letters by Boris Leonidovich Pasternak from the Archive of Ol'ga Vsevolodovna Ivinskaia

334: 3010: 1990: 2908: 2021: 2866: 835:, a Russian philologist, also contributed her research about the history of publications, following the publication of 672:

may be a "response" to Gorky's novel.; Pasternak expressed his admiration for this novel in a letter to Gorky in 1927.

3115: 783: 774: 2533: 317: 2969: 2876: 1912: 1463: 1304: 1141: 869: 287: 256: 2715:"A series of talks by Maya Slater and Nicolas Pasternak Slater to introduce a new translation of 'Doctor Zhivago'" 1190: 640: 2435: 1843: 1281:, near which Pasternak had lived for several months in 1916. This can be understood in Russian as "Yuri's town". 3105: 2977: 2551: 1417: 747: 448: 730:

Pasternak sent several copies of the manuscript in Russian to friends in the West. In 1957, Italian publisher

3110: 2901: 1413:

on 22 March 2007, and remained in the repertoire of Perm Drama Theatre throughout its 50th Anniversary year.

1117: 995: 825: 739: 731: 690:("Новый Мир") in 1956. However, the editors rejected Pasternak's novel because of its implicit rejection of 660: 279: 101: 2617: 3085: 2132: 447:. Lara starts to work as a teacher in Yuriatin. Sometime later, she leaves Yuriatin and goes to a town in 2748: 1813: 1017:, "Volunteers carried his open coffin to his burial place and those who were present (including the poet 2961: 2163: 1434: 1356: 1075: 1071: 452: 444: 298: 1085:

The novel has been part of the Russian school curriculum since 2003, where it is taught in 11th grade.

754: 3045: 1685: 1317: 1100: 553: 1040:... But we cannot allow this. We love Pasternak and we revere him as a poet... Glory to Pasternak!" 2840: 2552:"Пермский театр привез в Петербург мюзикл "Доктор Живаго" (фото, видео) – Новости Санкт-Петербурга" 1380: 1330: 1182: 922:, where she had been imprisoned under Stalin. It was further hinted that, if Pasternak traveled to 2688: 1741:Л. Л. Горелик. Роман в стихах Бориса Пастернака «Спекторский» в контексте русской литературы. 1997 722: 2577:

have their chance meeting in "Yuriatin" is exactly where the book places it in contemporary Perm.

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A 1959 Brazilian television series (currently unavailable) was the first screen adaptation.

309:

has been part of the Russian school curriculum since 2003, where it is read in 11th grade.

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First Italian edition cover of book, published in November 1957 by Giangiacomo Feltrinelli

440: 240: 53: 2996: 1646:

Pevear & Volokhonsky trans., pp. 4, 7 (Voskoboinikov lives in the steward's cottage).

1388: 1529: 2066: 1796:. Daedalus, Vol. 89, No. 3, The Russian Intelligentsia (Summer, 1960), pp. 648–668 1450: 1438: 1368: 1067: 915: 630: 533: 500: 345: 109: 91: 843:, where she thought that the only possible conclusion was that the pirated edition of 390:

ongoing affair with Amalia, Komarovsky begins to groom Lara behind her mother's back.

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when Russians were turned against one another by the deadly, artificial ideology of

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As a result, on 29 October Pasternak sent a second telegram to the Nobel Committee:

2944: 1495: 1442: 1406: 1278: 1157: 1129: 1036:, and now we disown Pasternak. Everything that brings us glory we try to banish to 966: 815: 735: 668:. Etkind wrote that it could serve as a "negative background" to Zhivago, and that 606: 557: 260: 252: 1253:(Паша): the diminutive form of "Pavel" (Павел), the Russian rendering of the name 39: 1767: 1751: 1726: 1700: 1943:"During Cold War, CIA used 'Doctor Zhivago' as a tool to undermine Soviet Union" 1491: 1468: 1364: 1254: 1133: 1121: 1048: 1033: 987: 911: 893: 707: 695: 665: 651: 590: 537: 386: 357: 248: 2245:"When a Sahitya Akademi chief spoke up for a Soviet dissident (Indian Express)" 1429:

in 2006. Ivan Hernandez played the title role. It was revised and premiered as

684:

was not completed until 1955. The novel was submitted to the literary journal

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to collect his Nobel Medal, he would be refused re-entry to the Soviet Union.

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in June 1958, with an English translation being published in September 1958.

2859: 2534:"ГТРК "Пермь" / В Перми состоялась мировая премьера мюзикла "Доктор Живаго"" 2408:

Nobel Prize Library: Roger Martin du Gard, Gabriela Mistral, Boris Pasternak

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On 23 October 1958, Boris Pasternak was announced as the winner of the 1958

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The public reading room at Yuriatin was based on the Pushkin Library, Perm.

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The operation was intended to infuriate the Soviet government and it did.

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A musical was produced in Japan by the Takarazuka Revue in February 2018.

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The CIA's 'Zhivago' | by Michael Scammell | The New York Review of Books

2508: 1904: 17: 1539: 1338: 1029: 792: 569: 561: 525: 2339: 1341:. Its total running time is over 500 minutes (8 hours and 26 minutes). 1835: 399: 377: 2555: 524:

and highly effective leader of his men. However, Liberius is also a

2331: 1002:. Later, in the strictest secrecy, an Orthodox funeral liturgy, or 1686:

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Boris_Pasternak/x6K-BtEjv18CM

1214: 958:

As a result of this and the intercession of Indian Prime Minister

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The Archaeology of Anxiety: The Russian Silver Age and its Legacy

1421:

is a musical adaptation of the novel. It originally premiered as

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as Yevgraf. The film was commercially successful and won five

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One of the dissident speakers at the graveside service said, "

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Although it contains passages written in the 1910s and 1920s,

290:

the following year, an event that embarrassed and enraged the

185: 2371:

Richard Pevear, Introduction, Pevear & Volokhonsky trans.

1383:. It is still considered a classic film, remembered also for 197: 2314:

Dillon, Kathleen (Winter 1995). "Depression as Discourse in

1609:""Не читал, но осуждаю!»: 5 фактов о романе «Доктор Живаго"" 1445:

and produced by John Frost. The musical features a score by

884:

Infinitely grateful, touched, proud, surprised, overwhelmed.

2805: 1467:). Both the 2006 and the 2011 productions were directed by 552:, Komarovsky has been appointed Minister of Justice of the 203: 2752:, by Paolo Mancosu, the story of the first publication of 1507:

Nicolas Pasternak Slater, illustrated with 68 pictures by

654:

believed that one of the sources of literary influence on

597:, "a nameless number on a list that was later misplaced." 698:. They also objected to Pasternak's subtle criticisms of 200: 188: 1570:"A Writer Who Defied The System In 'The Zhivago Affair'" 1140:. This reflects Pasternak's hope that the trials of the 1753:

La Letteratura russa del novecento: Problemi di poetica

1156:

that was imposed as the official artistic style of the

787:

citizens "wonder what is wrong with their government".

2721:. Queen Mary University of London. 17 September 2019. 2383:, Brian Boyd, Princeton University Press, 1993, p. 373 3008: 2779:), by Paolo Mancosu, the story of the typescripts of 1804: 1802: 1478:

premiered at Malmö Opera in Sweden on 29 August 2014.

212: 2756:

and of the subsequent Russian editions in the West,

2204:. trans. Jon Stallworthy and Peter France. Penguin. 255:, a physician and poet, and takes place between the 194: 2988: 2953: 2937: 1629:(Lebanon, NH: Northeastern University Press, 2007; 191: 159: 151: 135: 125: 115: 97: 83: 73: 59: 49: 2405: 2197: 2111: 1964: 1962: 769:Copy of the miniature Russian-language edition of 2768:Zhivago's Secret Journey: From Typescript to Book 2587:"La Jolla Playhouse premieres stirring, haunting 1772:. University of Pittsburgh Pre. 9 December 2007. 1021:) recited from memory the banned poem 'Hamlet'." 376:(1904–1905), Amalia Karlovna Guichard arrives in 286:and published in 1957. Pasternak was awarded the 1263:(Стрельников): Pasha/Pavel Antipov's pseudonym, 962:, Pasternak was not expelled from his homeland. 439:The narrative moves to the second autumn of the 2133:"Nobel Prize in Literature 1958 – Announcement" 1203: 1148:Coincidence and the unpredictability of reality 2191: 2189: 856:In 1958 Pasternak wrote to Renate Schweitzer, 2909: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 1237:: a Greek name suggesting "bright, cheerful". 1009:Despite only a small notice appearing in the 892:ran an article by David Zaslavski entitled, " 841:Russian Emigration Discovers "Doctor Zhivago" 572:. Yuri finds his body the following morning. 266:Owing to the author's critical stance on the 221: 64: 8: 1985: 1983: 1277:(Юрятин): the fictional town was based upon 1271:(Расстрельников), which means "executioner". 32: 1941:Finn, Peter; Couvée, Petra (5 April 2014). 1866:"Boris Pasternak | Hoover Institution" 1627:Russians in Hollywood, Hollywood's Russians 1116:In the beginning of the novel, between the 1112:Disillusionment with revolutionary ideology 2916: 2902: 2894: 2519: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2071:A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak 1535:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 994:Shortly before his death, a priest of the 38: 31: 1054:In 1988, after decades of circulating in 385:Montenegro hotel, enrolls Rodion in the 3076:Novels set during the Russian Civil War 3015: 2355:, Boris Pasternak, 1957, Pantheon Books 2118:. Nobel Lectures. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1905:"Приключения рукописи "Доктора Живаго"" 1756:. Istituto Suor Orsola Benincasa. 1990. 1521: 1387:'s score, which features the romantic " 1337:A 2006 Russian mini-series produced by 1267:means "the shooter"; he is also called 1062:was finally serialized in the pages of 976:Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning 2812:, website accompanying Mancosu's book. 2412:. New York, A. Gregory. 1971. p. 1915:from the original on 27 September 2020 1695: 1693: 1602: 1600: 1502:Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky 1247:(комар) is the Russian for "mosquito". 1185:, the then permanent secretary of the 1103:, Zhivago develops a longing for what 753:A French translation was published by 2695:from the original on 25 November 2018 2225:Pasternak's Funeral: A Poetic Protest 2143:from the original on 23 December 2017 1607:Меньшенина, Елена (23 October 2013). 1582:from the original on 12 November 2017 1006:, was offered in the family's dacha. 239:by Russian poet, author and composer 230: 7: 3071:Novels set in the Russian Revolution 2652:, AustralianStage.com (21 July 2010) 2620:from the original on 12 January 2016 2381:Vladimir Nabokov: The American Years 2320:The Slavic and East European Journal 2032:from the original on 8 November 2017 1991:"Did The CIA Fund 'Doctor Zhivago'?" 1816:from the original on 7 December 1998 802:Author Ivan Tolstoi claims that the 738:." Despite desperate efforts by the 3056:Book censorship in the Soviet Union 2663:"Doktor Zjivago | Malmö Opera" 2495:Rowland, Mary F. and Paul Rowland. 2001:from the original on 17 August 2018 1546:from the original on 11 August 2019 1078:composition in honor of his fellow 982:Doctor Zhivago after author's death 292:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 2639:"Sydney to host World Premiere of 2554:. 27 February 2008. Archived from 2434:Scammell, Michael (10 July 2014). 2270:Bill Mauldin Beyond Willie and Joe 1810:"The Times & The Sunday Times" 1702:Boris Pasternak: A Reference Guide 1328:in the UK in November 2002 and on 1302:A 2002 British television serial, 348:, 1902. The novel opens during a 25: 3081:Russian novels adapted into films 2783:that Pasternak sent to the West, 2725:from the original on 18 July 2020 2474:INTERPRETATION by Boris Pasternak 2446:from the original on 15 July 2014 2251:from the original on 23 June 2021 2174:from the original on 2 April 2015 902:Acting on direct orders from the 282:, the manuscript was smuggled to 3018: 1846:from the original on 24 May 2013 910:surrounded Pasternak's dacha in 181: 2853:The Raleigh News & Observer 2483:, Letters, 24 June 1996 Issue, 2020:Finn, Peter (27 January 2007). 1995:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 1367:as Zhivago and English actress 1363:, featuring the Egyptian actor 937:The Swedish Academy announced: 471:In Meliuzeevo, a newly arrived 274:was refused publication in the 247:. The novel is named after its 44:Front page of the first edition 2820:to Debut on Russian Television 2304:Ivinskaya (1978), pp. 331–332. 1351:The most famous adaptation of 1066:, which had changed to a more 899:Uproar over a Literary Weed". 455:, but is erroneously declared 1: 3091:Novels set during World War I 2841:"The Wisest Book I Ever Read" 2295:Ivinskaya (1978), pp. 323–326 1474:The Swedish-language musical 761:Russian text published by CIA 243:, first published in 1957 in 27:1957 novel by Boris Pasternak 2440:The New York Review of Books 773:, covertly published by the 2100:Ivinskaya (1978), page 232. 2091:Ivinskaya (1978), page 224. 2082:Ivinskaya (1978), page 221. 1437:in February 2011, starring 1334:in the US in November 2003. 1227:(Живаго): the Russian root 806:lent a hand to ensure that 784:Central Intelligence Agency 3137: 3121:Russian Revolution of 1905 2497:Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago 2110:Frenz, Horst, ed. (1969). 870:Nobel Prize for Literature 793:1958 Brussels world's fair 624:Influences and inspiration 288:Nobel Prize for Literature 257:Russian Revolution of 1905 2775:11 September 2019 at the 2200:Pasternak: Selected Poems 2196:Pasternak, Boris (1983). 1486:Translations into English 1191:Nobel Prize in Literature 528:addict, loud-mouthed and 222: 65: 37: 3041:1957 in the Soviet Union 2850:, by Robert Morgan from 2846:29 November 2014 at the 2749:Inside the Zhivago Storm 2393:The Statesman, Volume 22 2275:23 November 2017 at the 2168:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 998:had given Pasternak the 748:Communist Party of Italy 520:Liberius is a dedicated 278:. At the instigation of 232:[ˈdoktərʐɨˈvaɡə] 3101:Dialectical materialism 3061:Novels about physicians 2869:26 October 2016 at the 2648:26 October 2010 at the 2600:by Charlene Baldridge, 1974:1 November 2012 at the 1836:"Pasternak by D'Angelo" 1118:1905 Russian Revolution 996:Russian Orthodox Church 740:Union of Soviet Writers 732:Giangiacomo Feltrinelli 661:The Life of Klim Samgin 280:Giangiacomo Feltrinelli 2614:"Media – Lucy Maunder" 1840:pasternakbydangelo.com 1324:. It was broadcast by 1220: 1208: 943: 935: 886: 866: 826:Anna Sergeyeva-Klyatis 779: 727: 477:Provisional Government 325: 3051:Novels about adultery 2479:5 August 2018 at the 2436:"The CIA's 'Zhivago'" 2279:(Library of Congress) 1435:Lyric Theatre, Sydney 1219:Pushkin Library, Perm 1218: 1072:Mstislav Rostropovich 981: 939: 931: 882: 858: 810:was submitted to the 768: 725: 453:Austro-Hungarian Army 445:Imperial Russian Army 320: 3096:Pantheon Books books 3066:Novels set in Moscow 2689:""ミュージカル『ドクトル・ジバゴ』"" 2596:16 July 2011 at the 2540:on 11 December 2013. 2230:24 June 2021 at the 2114:Literature 1901–1967 1357:1965 film adaptation 1318:Alexandra Maria Lara 778:published by Mouton. 554:Far Eastern Republic 352:funeral liturgy, or 2837:, 20 February 2007. 2558:on 12 December 2013 2247:. 12 October 2015. 2073:, (1978), page 220. 2026:The Washington Post 2022:"The Plot Thickens" 1997:. 16 January 2015. 1947:The Washington Post 1903:Бирюкова, Надежда. 1731:. Christie's. 1996. 1705:. G.K. Hall. 1994. 1331:Masterpiece Theatre 1152:In contrast to the 1142:Great Patriotic War 888:On 26 October, the 495:and the subsequent 60:Original title 34: 3116:Family saga novels 2873:artist's rendering 1893:, Granzotto, 1985. 1427:La Jolla Playhouse 1221: 1164:Literary criticism 1101:loss of his mother 1019:Andrey Voznesensky 986:Pasternak died of 780: 755:Éditions Gallimard 728: 493:October Revolution 374:Russo-Japanese War 326: 268:October Revolution 3006: 3005: 2164:"Boris Pasternak" 1955:on 14 April 2014. 1891:Il caso Pasternak 1872:on 13 August 2012 1779:978-0-8229-7335-5 1712:978-0-8161-8992-2 1625:Harlow Robinson, 1615:on 5 August 2018. 1401:A musical called 1373:Geraldine Chaplin 1189:which awards the 1154:socialist realism 1045:Mikhail Gorbachev 971:political cartoon 953:Nikita Khrushchev 692:socialist realism 676:Soviet censorship 634:Revolution, like 593:and dying in the 497:Russian Civil War 457:missing in action 321:Character map of 172: 171: 126:Publication place 16:(Redirected from 3128: 3023: 3022: 3014: 2973:(2002 TV series) 2918: 2911: 2904: 2895: 2881:– A New Musical" 2834:The Boston Globe 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2669:on 18 April 2015 2665:. Archived from 2659: 2653: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2610: 2604: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2536:. Archived from 2530: 2524: 2523: 2512:(TV series 1959) 2506: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2280: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2241: 2235: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2203: 2193: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2137:Nobel Foundation 2129: 2117: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2074: 2064: 2058: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2017: 2011: 2010: 2008: 2006: 1987: 1978: 1966: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1949:. Archived from 1938: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1868:. 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Archived from 1604: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1530:"Doctor Zhivago" 1526: 1509:Leonid Pasternak 1464:Sunset Boulevard 1457:and Amy Powers ( 1453:, and lyrics by 1211:Names and places 1195:Vladimir Nabokov 1183:Anders Österling 1080:Soviet dissident 1011:Literary Gazette 960:Jawaharlal Nehru 890:Literary Gazette 834: 820:Russian language 704:Collectivization 536:in the style of 350:Russian Orthodox 299:made into a film 234: 229: 225: 224: 216: 210: 209: 206: 205: 202: 199: 196: 193: 190: 187: 117:Publication date 68: 67: 42: 35: 21: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3106:Boris Pasternak 3031: 3030: 3029: 3017: 3009: 3007: 3002: 2984: 2949: 2933: 2925:Boris Pasternak 2922: 2888:Doctor Zhivago' 2871:Wayback Machine 2848:Wayback Machine 2797: 2777:Wayback Machine 2744: 2742:Further reading 2739: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2698: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2670: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2650:Wayback Machine 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2598:Wayback Machine 2585: 2581: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2490: 2481:Wayback Machine 2472: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2283: 2277:Wayback Machine 2268: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2232:Wayback Machine 2223: 2219: 2212: 2195: 2194: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2146: 2144: 2131: 2126: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2065: 2061: 2049: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2004: 2002: 1989: 1988: 1981: 1976:Wayback Machine 1967: 1960: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1909:arzamas.academy 1902: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1819: 1817: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1791: 1787: 1780: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1713: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1660: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1624: 1620: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1585: 1583: 1568:(2 July 2014). 1564: 1563: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1488: 1398: 1348: 1314:Keira Knightley 1296: 1291: 1243:(Комаровский): 1213: 1199:Stephen Spender 1187:Swedish Academy 1173:V. 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