51:
271:. After its failure, she insisted on a purge of the Moscow Bolshevik organisation. She was arrested in 1906, but escaped from a police station. She was arrested several times, and in October 1907 was imprisoned in the Lithuania Castle in St Petersburg. After her release in 1909, she was briefly the secretary of the Bolshevik organisation in Baku, before emigrating. She returned to Russia illegally in 1914, and took charge of illegal transport across the Finnish border. In 1915-16 she was the secretary of the Moscow party organisation.
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252:. She continued to support Lenin when he appeared to be losing control of the Bolsheviks, who wanted to bring about a reconciliation of the factions of the RSDLP. In July 1904, she travelled to Geneva for the conference of hard line Bolsheviks who formed the 'Bureau of Majority Committees', the forerunner of the
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Before
Brusilov set out, a local decision was made to massacre those who had surrendered. According to the historian Donald Rayfield, Kun and Zemlyachka were lovers, and she was "a Cheka sadist who tied the officers in pairs to planks and burned them alive in furnaces or drowned them in barges that
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and the head of its complaints bureau. According to a tribute written to mark the 110th anniversary of her birth, she involved hundreds of workers and party members in her campaigns against bureaucracy. She became so well known as "the scourge of bureaucrats and red-tape mongers" that a letter
187:; 20 March 1876 – 21 January 1947) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician. As a revolutionary, she was best known by the alias Zemlyachka, though she also used the party pseudonyms 'Demon' and 'Osipov', and her married name was Samoilova.
598:"ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°: ΠΠ± ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π . Π‘. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . (31 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 1939 Π³.)"
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reached her from the provinces with the address 'Moscow, Comrade
Zemlyachka'. In February 1934, she was appointed the head of the Transport Commission of the Soviet Control Commission, the successor organisation to Rabkrin.
358:
Between 1921-24, Zemlyachka was the secretary of the
Zamoskvoretsky district committee, Moscow. In 1924, she was sent to South East Russia. In 1925-26, she was the secretary of the Motovilikhsky district party committee, in
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247:
Zemlyachka was a delegate to the Second
Congress of the RSDLP, which convened in Brussels in July 1903, but she was arrested by the Belgian police and deported. When the RSDLP split into factions, she joined the
725:
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322:, the last city held by the Whites, which offered an amnesty to those who surrendered to the Red Army. They were signed in the name of the former commander-in-chief of the Imperial Army, General
253:
700:
391:
172:
256:, to which she was elected, under the name 'Demon', on Lenin's recommendation. Afterwards she returned to Russia to build the Bolshevik organisation, visiting St Petersburg,
770:
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emigre press. A Crimean Cheka report in 1921 showed that 441 people were shot with a modern estimation that 5,000-12,000 people in total were executed in Crimea.
282:, she directed the armed uprising in the Rogozhsk-Simonovsky district of Moscow. In 1918, she supported the 'Left Communists', who opposed the signing of the
775:
710:
390:, Zemlyachka received a major promotion in May 1939, when she was appointed Chairman of the Soviet Control Commission and a Deputy Chairman of the
335:
211:
680:
675:
780:
695:
168:
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she sank offshore. Estimates vary of the number killed, which may have been 70,000. Social scientist, Nikolay Zayats, from the
740:
670:
394:. She is the only woman to have served at this level in the Stalinist period, and the first woman to be decorated with the
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on the southern front, she supported the 'military opposition', who objected to the deployment of former officers of the
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326:, who was persuaded to go to Crimea to supervise their surrender by the Deputy People's Commissar for War,
202:, (Kiev) the daughter of a wealthy Jewish merchant, Samuil Markovich Zalkind. She was educated in a girls'
295:
690:
665:
660:
484:
The
Russian Revolution of 1905, The Workers' Movement and the Formation of Bolshevism and Menshevism
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Members of the
Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the
Central Committee of the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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has disputed the large, βfantasticβ estimates and attributed this to eyewitness accounts and
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278:, Zemlyachka was appointed the secretary of the Moscow party committee. During the
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Robert
Gellately (2007). Lenin, Stalin and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe.
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210:. From age of 17, she was involved in revolutionary activities. A member of the
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Zemlyachka died on 21 January, 1947 in Moscow. Her ashes were buried at the
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422:"A Fiery Bolshevik: The 110th Anniversary of the Birth of R.S.Zemlyachka".
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318:, was evacuating the peninsula. Leaflets were dropped by aeroplane over
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443:"ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΠ·Π°Π»ΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π° 1876-1947 ΠΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ"
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Stalin and His
Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him.
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82:
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Central
Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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In December 1905, she was in Moscow at the time of the
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A People's Tragedy, The Russian Revolution, 18891-1924
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Second convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
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People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union
580:"On the scale of the Red Terror during the Civil War"
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in Kiev, and later at the Faculty of Medicine of the
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First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
486:. Chicago: Chicago U.P. pp. 53β54, 218, 257β59.
367:. In 1926, she became a member of the collegium of
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363:. Between 1924 and 1934, she was a member of the
310:party committee in November 1920, when the last
701:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
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467:Krupskaya, Nadezhda (Lenin's widow) (1970).
386:As one of the Old Bolsheviks to survive the
501:. Oxford: Clarendon. pp. 248, 265β66.
306:Zemlyachka was appointed secretary of the
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771:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
645:http://www.knowbysight.info/ZZZ/02728.asp
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761:Perpetrators of the Red Terror (Russia)
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336:National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
766:20th-century Russian women politicians
499:The Rise of Social Democracy in Russia
212:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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214:since 1898, Zemlyachka worked in
27:Russian revolutionary (1876β1947)
776:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
711:People of the Russian Revolution
516:. London: Pimlico. p. 720.
243:Zemlyachka in her youth, c. 1900
173:Council of People's Commissariat
354:Rosalia Zemlyachka in the 1930s
314:left in the war, commanded by
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302:Massacre of the 'Wrangelites'
181:Rosalia Samoilovna Zemlyachka
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681:Jews from the Russian Empire
676:People from Kiev Governorate
482:Shwarz, Soloman M. (1967).
185:Π ΠΎΠ·Π°Π»ΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠ°
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625:Cambridge University Press
379:Zemlyachka's grave at the
365:Central Control Commission
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69:Rosalia Samoilovna Zalkind
781:University of Lyon alumni
696:Jewish Soviet politicians
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751:Soviet women in politics
620:Barbara Evans Clements,
183:, nΓ©e Zalkind (Russian:
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512:Figes, Orlando (1997).
403:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
396:Order of the Red Banner
381:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
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284:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
124:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
471:. Panther. p. 86.
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497:Keep, J.H.L. (1963).
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160:Marxist revolutionary
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222:as an agent for the
276:February Revolution
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292:military commissar
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208:University of Lyon
143:University of Lyon
34:Rosalia Zemlyachka
602:ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π₯Π₯ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
578:Zayats, Nikolay.
469:Memories of Lenin
328:Ephraim Sklyansky
288:Russian Civil War
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666:1947 deaths
661:1876 births
584:scepsis.net
388:Great Purge
131:Nationality
55:Zemlyachka
655:Categories
543:New York:
340:White army
320:Sevastopol
312:White Army
274:After the
250:Bolsheviks
152:Politician
149:Occupation
75:1876-03-20
18:Zemlyachka
647:(Russian)
607:9 January
560:. p. 72.
452:8 January
204:gymnasium
191:Biography
627:, 1997,
126:, Moscow
447:Chronos
369:Rabkrin
308:Crimean
258:Georgia
171:of the
134:Russian
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424:Pravda
260:, and
216:Odessa
165:Office
105:Moscow
558:Knopf
409:Notes
225:Iskra
59:1900s
629:ISBN
609:2022
562:ISBN
518:ISBN
454:2022
361:Perm
330:.
262:Baku
232:and
218:and
200:Kyiv
94:Died
83:Kiev
65:Born
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