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317:. She married and moved to Lyon. During World War I she set up free refreshment stations for soldiers in transit. After the war she turned her husband's shoemaking shop into a restaurant. In 1925 Herriot awarded her a Legion of Honor. In 1940 she was murdered; the crime went unsolved. After World War II a street in Lyon's
191:, who called her "an artist" at carving a chicken. She hired only women to work in her kitchen. She retired in 1925 and is estimated to have carved a half million chickens during her career. Near the end of her career she became such a celebrated cook that female cooks outside of Lyon started to be called Mère.
99:, Francois de Melogue said "(they) brought the gastronomic spotlight to Lyon, the undisputed gastronomical capital of France. Their influence and impact helped define and shape classic French cooking in modern times." According to Eater, their work "secured the city’s reputation for exceptional cuisine."
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awarded it two stars the year it opened and three the following year, making her the first woman to hold three
Michelin stars. The original restaurant was also awarded three stars that year, and Mère Brazier became the first person of either sex to hold six Michelin stars. She trained other Michelin
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began working as a maid and then as a cook for a family around 1914 or 1916 at the age of 21. She later worked for Mère
Filloux, though Filloux was "endlessly critical." In 1921 at age 26 she bought a former grocery at 12 Rue Royale and turned it into a restaurant with 15 seats which opened in 1922.
57:
The first mentions of a Mère were in 1759 when Mère Guy, who cooked at an inn on the banks of the Rhône, became famous for her eel stew and in the early 1800s Mère
Brigousse in the Charpennes district became known for her dumplings. Since then multiple talented female cooks, many of whom had no
179:, and lobster with shallots, tomatoes, wine, and brandy. She claimed to have never made more than these five dishes, saying, "I know how to cook them, and I will never make any others." She married Louis Filloux in 1900 and bought a restaurant at 73 Rue Duquesne in Lyon's
41:) is an honorary title given to talented female professional cooks, many of whom had no formal training, in France during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Between 1759 and the end of the 20th century multiple women have been called Mère. Their work turned the city of
167:(half-mourning chicken), which featured black truffles inserted under the white skin of the local breed of chicken and is considered a classic of French cuisine. She was also noted for her truffle-flavored cream soup and poached chicken, artichoke hearts stuffed with
415:, the dish that made her famous and earned her her first Michelin star. In 1930 she was given first prize in the Touring Club de France cooking competition. The restaurant was awarded a Michelin star in 1931 and two in 1932. The celebrated French food critic
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were frequent customers. She became well known after
Phillippe Couderc, an influential food critic, wrote about her in his column. The restaurant had only 30 seats and reservations were booked three months in advance. Her Christmas menu was published by
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in 1976 and she afterward complained about the deluge of new customers, saying "They all want only these dishes. They do not understand that food must be different every day." She had a television series for two years and wrote a column for
275:. Her specialty was a sauerkraut with champagne, but when other restaurants in the area started to copy it, she took it off her menu and focussed on regional specialities such as tried tripe with chervil, pike quenelles, Lyons salad, baked
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near Lyon. She was known for dishes based on local fish and game, including a lark pate and another pate known as le pâté chaud de la mère
Bourgeois, which was internationally known. Herriot was a frequent customer. In 1923 the
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formal training, have been called by the title Mère. The practice of calling female cooks 'Mère' gained popularity during the 19th century, when gastronomic societies were popular, and reached its peak in the
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was born in Nice in 1916. In 1933 at age 17 she took over the operation of her parents' restaurant, Chez Paulin et Ma, in the
Riquier neighborhood. Her specialities were traditional Niçoise dishes including
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took over; as of 1982 it was still called La Mere Blanc and had received its third
Michelin star. Currently called Restaurant Georges Blanc, as of 2020 it is still in operation with her grandson as chef.
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and her crawfish gratin. In the 1800s her granddaughter also became known as Mère Guy, "La Génie" (The Spirit). The restaurant, at 35 Quai Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, was awarded three Michelin stars in 1936.
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turning Lyon into the food capital of France and the world. According to Jean Vitaux, the Mères of Lyon "shaped an original, feminine and regional definition of gastronomy." Writing for
503:, born in a small village near Parme, opened Chez la Vielle at 37 Rue de l'Arbre-Sec in Paris when she was 25 and operated it from 1958 thru 1993, initially serving mostly workers from
217:, was a frequent customer. She expanded her restaurant but handed it over to her son, moved to the small nearby village of Col de la Luère, and in 1932 opened another restaurant there.
1514:"" Où sont les femmes ? " CLOTILDE BIZOLON (1871- 1940), "la maman des poilus" - " Où sont les femmes ? " CLOTILDE BIZOLON (...) - numelyo - bibliothèque numérique de Lyon"
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489:. The restaurant, which was owned by her husband's parents, has had female chefs throughout its history, starting in 1779. She developed her specialty, rabbit Albicocco, in 1969.
271:
was born in
Creusot in 1908 and worked during her teens for wealthy families. She was a cook at a restaurant for four years before opening La Voûte in 1943 on the Rhône in Lyon's
255:(Club of One Hundred), a gastronomic society, recognized her. She held three Michelin stars from 1933 until her death in 1937. The restaurant as of 2001 was still in operation.
307:. Mère Castaing was awarded a Michelin star in 1954 and a second in 1964; she held them until she sold the business in 1988. As of 2001 the restaurant was still in operation.
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475:, veal with onions and bacon, lamb stew, lentils with salt pork, braised beef with carrots, and chicken in red wine. As of 2001 the restaurant was still in operation.
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and she continued to produce
Burgundian dishes such as poached pike with beurre blanc, roast guinea fowl, and lamb stew. After World War II her son and his wife,
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families were losing their positions due to changing household economics and automobile tourism was developing, so they set up in business as restaurateurs.
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called her "the best cook in the world" in 1933. In 1934 her son and daughter-in-law took over the restaurant. She died in 1949. In 1968 her grandson
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379:. She married Victor Poulard in 1873, and they opened a restaurant where she served a souffle-style omelet that became famous as the
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244:, born Marie Humbert in 1870, was hired as a cook for a wealthy family. She married Andre Bourgeois and they bought a former inn in
283:. Her menu was not printed and changed daily. She retired at 74 and died in 1997. As of 2001 the restaurant is still in operation.
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She was the first of the Mères whose recipes were still in use as of the early 21st century. She moved to Lyon in 1890 from
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576:), married Annet Maury in 1885. In 1894 she inherited her parents' cafe and added ravioli to the menu. She died in 1941.
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230:. She died in 1977. The original restaurant was in 2001 still being operated by her granddaughter. According to the
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called her "the most delicious monument of Nice's heritage." As of 2001 she was still running the restaurant.
226:, who worked for her at the restaurant in Col de la Luère and also specialized in half-mourning chicken, and
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was born in Périgord and from 1945 to 1986 worked at La Croix-Blanche, one of the oldest inns in France, in
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403:, born Élisa Gervais in 1883, married Adolphe Blanc, and the couple took over his parents' restaurant in
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and travelled with him and his family to Mont-Saint-Michel when he was commissioned to restore the
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and its environs into the gastronomic center of France and the world, and the most famous of them,
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135:(breasts of Venus), a dish of giant dumplings popular among groups of young men dining stag for
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Les vénérables Mères Lyonnaises: Guy, Brigousse, La Mélie, Fillioux, Bourgeois, Bizolon
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1542:"Histoire - Nevers et la Mère Poulard, une histoire simple comme une bonne omelette"
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The beautiful story of Mont-Saint-Michel : with 88 recipes from La Mere Poulard
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527:. As of 2001 the restaurant is still in operation but Mère Adrienne had retired.
1385:"Soupe à la truffe, poularde demi-deuil... Les plats légendaires de Paul Bocuse"
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is known as the "cradle" of the Mères, and the Mères had a profound effect on
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411:. Mère Blanc used many of her own mother's recipes. Her specialties included
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married Marcel Allard in 1920, and together they opened a bistro in the
1627:"Restaurant Georges Blanc 3 étoiles Michelin | Vonnas - Ain | OFFICIEL"
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236:, Mère Brazier is regarded as "the mother of modern French cooking."
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and was hired as a cook by a local businessman. She created the dish
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Simple French cooking : recipes from our mothers' kitchens
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1181:"In Paris, Alain Ducasse Fetes the Legendary Mères Lyonnaises"
303:. Her specialties included poached trout, eel stew, and pike
997:"Histoire de la gastronomie 2/4 - Histoire - France Culture"
1303:"Les 3 mères de bouchons Lyonnais que vous devez connaitre"
62:
years when talented cooks who had been working for wealthy
16:
Female cooks of the 18th through 20th centuries in France
846:"Mais qui sont ces fameuses " Mères Lyonnaises " ?"
49:, is regarded as "the mother of modern French cooking".
943:"Les mères lyonnaises : un modèle de gastronomie"
102:
The first mention of a Mère of Lyons was in 1759 when
1156:"Eugénie Brazier Is an Unsung Hero of French Cuisine"
590:
1354:"Poularde demi-deuil - Recettes - Cuisine française"
1443:"Five things you didn't know about Eugénie Brazier"
774:. Jobard, Coco. London: Cassell & Co. pp.
430:were a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law in Paris.
313:was born Marie-Joseph Clotilde Thévenet in 1871 in
1657:"Ces illustres inconnus : Marie-Louise Maury"
1441:
1417:"La Mère Brazier: The Queen of the French Kitchen"
1075:"10 reasons why Lyon is the capital of gastronomy"
131:(mother of lovers), was famous for a dish called
78:"La Mère Fillioux," painted by Edzard Dietz, 1927
451:. They moved to Rue Saint-André-des-Arts in the
209:Like her mentor Filloux she also specialized in
459:, took over, and Fernande also became known as
147:or Fillioux, born Françoise Fayolle in 1865 in
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806:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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441:. Her specialties included Burgundy stew,
562:, a crisp garbanzo-flour griddled crepe.
538:, an omelet with bay, cheese, and chard,
1490:(in French). 31 May 2018. Archived from
121:In the 1830s in the Charpennes quarter,
1594:"La Mere Blanc: A Three-Star Rest Stop"
1484:""Mères Lyonnaises" - La Mère BIZOLON""
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572:(born Marie-Louise Gélibert in 1863 in
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30:Mère Poulard in front of her restaurant
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1240:Boucheix, Bernard (12 November 2018).
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1030:"Lyon Mothers | Les Bouchons Lyonnais"
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844:Champion, Caroline (22 January 2012).
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1179:Kemp, Margaret (12 November 2015).
1126:Melogue, Francois de (2019-02-28).
367:, born Annette Boutiaut in 1851 in
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1592:Prial, Frank (28 February 1982).
1079:Expat Guide to France | Expatica
1007:from the original on 5 June 2012
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371:, started working as a maid for
183:, where frequent customers were
1454:from the original on 2022-06-18
385:. The restaurant, now known as
155:and Empress of the Lyon Mothers
1213:"La Mère Brigousse® Lyonnaise"
768:Blanc, Georges, 1943- (2001).
586:Les Toques Blanches Lyonnaises
202:Born Eugénie Brazier in 1895,
37:(the French language word for
1:
1440:Stubley, Peter (2018-06-12).
1271:"La Mère FILLIOUX - Portrait"
1246:(in French). Editions Creer.
1154:Reid, Deborah (2016-08-12).
552:, a tomato-based fish stew,
324:Other Mères de Lyon include
125:or Brugousse, also known as
1415:Baker, Katie (2014-03-26).
1358:www.cuisinealafrancaise.com
941:Vitaux, Jean (March 2009).
548:, a pizza-like onion tart,
463:. Her specialties included
382:omelette de la Mère Poulard
1715:
1106:www.lesmereslyonnaises.com
18:
1663:(in French). 7 April 2018
850:exploratrice de saveurs ®
1102:"Les Mères Lyonnaises ®"
875:. Vanves Cedex, France.
222:star winners, including
1277:(in French). 2017-10-03
377:Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey
348:, and the cheesemonger
198:Restaurant Mère Brazier
1050:"The Bouchons of Lyon"
971:"The Mères Lyonnaises"
871:Vannier, Eric (2018).
509:. Jacques Maniere and
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279:with bone marrow, and
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153:La Reine des Poulardes
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483:Chaumont-sur-Tharonne
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1631:www.georgesblanc.com
501:Mère Adrienne Biasin
128:La Mère des Amoureux
19:For other uses, see
1494:on 14 February 2020
1217:lamerebrigousse.com
321:was named for her.
213:The mayor of Lyon,
1598:The New York Times
1518:numelyo.bm-lyon.fr
1488:Les Halles de Lyon
1328:"Truffled Chicken"
1275:Les Halles de Lyon
1128:"Mères Lyonnaises"
554:doba a la nissarda
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453:5th arrondissement
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338:La Grande Marcelle
319:2nd arrondissement
273:2nd arrondissement
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211:poulet demi deuil.
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181:6th arrondissement
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1661:Romans Historique
1548:. 22 January 2018
1307:www.lyonresto.com
1253:978-2-84819-669-5
882:978-2-8123-1859-7
165:poulet demi deuil
87:Lyonnaise cuisine
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373:Édouard Corroyer
137:bachelor parties
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1056:. 18 March 2019
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387:La Mère Poulard
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268:Mère Léa Bidaut
215:Édouard Herriot
189:Alice B. Toklas
133:Tétons de Vénus
89:, according to
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511:Raymond Oliver
466:pâté en croûte
438:arrondissement
432:Marthe Meuriot
413:Bresse chicken
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228:Bernard Pacaud
185:Gertrude Stein
123:Mère Brigousse
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1667:14 February
1636:13 February
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852:(in French)
545:pissaldiera
531:Mère Barale
461:Mère Allard
334:Mère Poupon
330:Mère Vittet
293:Alboussiere
233:Independent
224:Paul Bocuse
149:Puy-de-Dôme
1683:Categories
1458:2020-02-15
1426:2020-02-15
1281:2020-02-15
1165:2020-02-15
1137:2020-02-15
1084:2020-02-15
1060:2020-02-15
1035:2020-02-15
1001:archive.is
891:1055139129
626:References
570:Mere Maury
565:Nice-Matin
506:les Halles
496:Mère Maury
444:pot-au-feu
401:Mère Blanc
396:Mère Blanc
305:mousseline
1606:0362-4331
899:cite book
802:cite book
472:cassoulet
417:Curnonsky
358:Elsewhere
326:Mère Jean
301:Coindrieu
173:quenelles
169:foie gras
91:Curnonsky
64:bourgeois
1452:Archived
1005:Archived
794:48389423
580:See also
536:trouchia
457:Fernande
346:La Mèlie
219:Michelin
177:crawfish
108:matelote
104:Mère Guy
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593:Portals
487:Sologne
315:Coligny
297:Ardeche
277:cardoon
161:Cunlhat
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